Do-it-yourself country house inexpensively. Do-it-yourself country house - a simple step-by-step instruction for stylish summer houses (75 photos)

Every inhabitant of a modern city in the hustle and bustle of everyday life at least once in his life thought about a cozy shelter in the form of a pretty country house. At first, these thoughts are perceived as dreams about an incredibly difficult process that requires incredible effort and money. But, as life experience shows, all dreams come true. And the possibilities of modern building technologies and materials, in conjunction with the latest design ideas, help to realize these dreams come true.

• Layout of the site for the construction of a country house
• Choosing a project for an inexpensive country house
• Projects of small country houses

1. A competent approach to the planning of a country house allows a comfortable and efficient use of the entire area of ​​​​a summer cottage. It is considered safe for building a house to be located at a distance of at least 5 meters from the street, at least 3 meters from the road, and at least 3 meters from neighboring areas.

The highest point of the site on the northern or northwestern part is good choice for building a house.

Choosing a country house project

First you need to decide on the type and design of the house. Ready solutions offer a variety of designs. Choice final version planning directly depends on the relief of the site for construction, geological conditions and the financial side of the matter.

When choosing a house project, one must also take into account its purpose as a living condition. That is, will it be a weekend house or a hacienda for holding seasonal holidays and holidays, or else it will be a place permanent residence families. Age and physiological features people for whom, in fact, the house will be created are also of no small importance.

And many more factors must be taken into account when planning, so it is advisable to start choosing a project at least six months before the start of construction, since the realities Everyday life make adjustments to the model adopted as a basis.

From what to build a country house is also better to determine before construction to avoid unpleasant surprises of inconsistencies in materials and designs.

Projects of inexpensive country houses

• one-story country house;
• two-storey country house;
• dacha project frame house;
• projects of country houses with an attic.

One-story country house

The undisputed favorite of standard projects inexpensive country house can be considered a one-story building with an attic. Very simple in design, this familiar model can be quite roomy. Modern country houses meet all levels of comfort and safety, and the attic allows you to do without temporary outbuildings on the site, since you can store the necessary supplies and equipment on it. An open veranda can be attached to the main building, in sunny weather it will be pleasant to eat or relax on it, enjoying the view of the flowering area.

Two-storey country house

On the ground floor of a two-story house, a kitchen, a living room and a bathroom are usually located, and the second is reserved for the personal apartments of the owners (and children) and guest bedrooms. If the house is being built thoroughly, then in the living room you can arrange a fireplace, near which it is pleasant to spend time on cool evenings in the family circle with a mug of mulled wine and long conversations. And in the winter cold, this room will be the most comfortable place in the world and gatherings at the winter hearth will become the embodiment of family traditions and values.

Country frame house project

The project of a country frame house is a reasonable method of creating comfortable, environmentally friendly housing quickly, inexpensively and with your own hands. The assembly of such a house, regardless of the complexity of the architecture, takes from one to several weeks at any time of the year and on a site of any relief photo. The frame structure does not need an expensive foundation, which significantly reduces its cost, and wall decoration can be started immediately after installation, since there is practically no shrinkage of the walls.

Frame houses are designed for living throughout the year. If necessary, they can additionally insulate interior partitions and ceilings in order to reduce heat loss, reduce noise levels and maintain the microclimate of each individual room. External cladding can be made of decorative plaster, facing stone, cement-sand slabs, timber, blockhouse, etc.

Projects of country houses with an attic

Projects of country houses with an attic involve significant investment savings. Of course, the slope of the ceiling will reduce the height of the walls, and special skylights are more expensive than usual, however, even at such costs, the attic floor is cheaper, since it does not require any wall materials or additional interior decoration.

In addition, attics provide a sea of ​​​​opportunities for creating unusual interior photo solutions. Non-standard walls and peculiar window openings, niches of a unique shape, decorative details of the structure - luxurious opportunities for using space. The sloping ceiling turns an ordinary room into a mysterious and mysterious place, which can be used as a fabulous children's room or an artist's or tailor's workshop. Attic rooms have a special attraction, and yet, there is an amazing view from the window. Often they become the most favorite corner of the house.

1. Foundation

Building a country house with your own hands

Each person decides how to build a country house independently, but the possibilities of using modern production technologies make this task easier, including through the use of ready-made modular structures. Today, prefabricated houses are gaining more and more popularity. Even a person who has the most elementary concepts of construction is able to build such a structure.

A convenient building block avoids many mistakes that are often made by beginners in construction, since all the main systems and communications, such as electrical wiring, plumbing, air conditioning and ventilation, are already professionally built into it.

The former monotonous forms of chopped parallelepiped with flat roof replaced creative architectural models of one or two-story structures of exquisite design and maximum level of comfort, suitable for living in them for a long time. All the necessary premises have already been included in such projects. They are provided with a choice of necessary plumbing, water heating and electrical appliances that are simple to connect and easy to use to create comfortable conditions.

For self-construction, a frame structure can be the best solution that does not require special skills in construction.

More difficult in execution, but also not requiring special experience in construction and huge financial investments, is the option of building a house from glued or profiled timber.

A wooden frame is warm without additional insulation, and, thanks to high-tech surface treatment, it does not need interior decoration.

Glued laminated timber consists of boards - lamellas, carefully processed and glued so that the directions of the fibers of adjacent lamellas are opposite to each other. The result of such processing is a special reliability against shifts and the absence of shrinkage, which is essential reduces construction time and provides a stable geometry of the house structure.

A strong and durable brick house will cost much more, not only because of the cost of building materials, but also due to the need to attract qualified specialists to the construction.

Modern brick home o make any designer's dream come true. Today it is possible to build a brick cottage with high quality, beautifully and even very quickly.

Foundation

The type of foundation depends on the material and number of storeys of the entire structure. For light houses made of timber, galvanized wood, as well as frame and prefabricated options, a columnar or screw foundation is usually chosen. Heavy buildings made of brick, stone or concrete blocks, as well as two-story houses, require a serious foundation in the form of a strip (or prefabricated reinforced concrete block) foundation around the perimeter and under bearing walls of the building.

The foundation must be installed below the freezing depth of the soil, waterproofing must be done at a distance of 20 to 50 cm from the ground. Along the entire perimeter of the building around the basement, it is necessary to make a concrete blind area with a slope from the walls with a width of at least 70 centimeters.

Creating a floor begins with laying a log. Then the space between them is filled with insulation and covered from above. vapor barrier material. A rough floor is being erected from above from an untreated board, treated with antiseptics and anti-dampness agents. After the necessary exposure, it is covered with a clean floor.

When choosing a frame construction option, to create a foundation around the perimeter of the future structure, a rough beam is laid, then pillars are fixed at four corners and a rigid frame is mounted using beams. Then the frame is sheathed with sheets of plywood or chipboard, insulation must be laid inside the walls. In the frame, it is necessary to immediately lay openings for doors and windows or some other additional structures adopted in the design solution.

It should be noted that all structural units in the technological chain are carefully fixed and reinforced with additional stiffeners.

The construction of the timber is provided by a tight connection of the elements, which allows maintaining the necessary heat exchange in the house. A special connection (lock) and a screed of structural elements with studs and dowels do not allow the corners to move and create t required margin of safety the whole building.

Due to its fire resistance, a brick wall can border on flammable interior elements, such as a fireplace or stove. The advantage of the front part is that it does not need additional finishing and repair. Brick is perfectly combined in some interior solutions with other textured surfaces, for example, a solid brick wall is exquisitely combined with natural stone, noble wood or the same brick, but of different textures and shades.

The roof of a small house consists of a truss system and a roof. Flooring and sheathing are attached to the rafters. The legs of the rafters are cut into the upper trim of the walls or located along the entire perimeter of the walls, and strengthened with nails, staples or corners. The plank sheathing is attached to the rafters, then the roof is made of corrugated slate. For soft roof or metal roofing will require a continuous moisture-resistant flooring.

Special shaped parts are used to finish the ridge and break the roof. Before the interior decoration, insulation is laid, which must be closed waterproofing material. As a finishing material, you can use lining or decorative panels, or you can sheathe the room with moisture-resistant drywall to give it a finished look.

A country dwelling should be convenient, practical and comfortable, and also organically fit into the overall picture of the site. Such a harmonious combination will make it an attractive place for family holidays and pleasant communication.

A do-it-yourself country house is easiest to make using the technology of a frame house. We present you 5 projects frame houses with photos that will help you in choosing the layout and design of a country house. In addition to useful plans and photos, we will tell you about the basic points of building a frame house, which must be taken into account when choosing a project.

Frame house project 1:
country house with an open plan.

For a frame house, a columnar or column-strip foundation, which significantly reduces the cost of building a country house. After all, about 30% of the total construction budget is spent on creating the foundation of a house.

The columnar foundation eliminates the need for a significant amount of earthwork, reduces the consumption of expensive building materials. For this type of foundation, costly work on heat and waterproofing is not needed. Such a foundation is an excellent solution for sandy soil or soil with high level ground water.

In the conditions of building a country house with your own hands, you can take a red burnt bu brick for a columnar foundation. Columns in two bricks are able to hold on themselves a light one-story frame house.

In addition to bricks, you can choose concrete blocks as supports or asbestos-cement pipes. In the case of pipes, they will serve as a kind of fixed formwork for pouring concrete supports.

Properly built columnar foundation will serve you for over 100 years. This is a good option foundation not only for the house, but also for any summer cottages - baths, sheds, gazebos, etc. It is fair to mention the lack of a columnar foundation - this is the lack of a basement in a country house. If the presence of a basement is important to you, then the construction of a detached cellar in the country can negate all the savings from this type of foundation.

Frame house project 2:
country house-studio.

For flooring in a frame house, wooden beams treated with an antiseptic, reinforced with crossbars, are used. The floor must be reliably insulated, because with a columnar foundation, it is blown through with us. The main feature of the frame house is efficient system insulation.

Floor coverings in a frame house are a pie of rough floor boards, mineral wool, vapor barrier, OSB boards, substrates for the finishing floor and the finishing floor. It is this design that guarantees a warm floor in the coldest winter.

The ceiling of a frame house has a similar structure, but the first element is a plasterboard slab instead of a subfloor.

The country house itself, built using the technology of frame construction, is a rigid frame of wooden beams and corner braces that enhance the strength of the structure. All wood for the construction of the house is treated with antiseptics and modern impregnations against fire.

Outside, the frame house is sheathed with OSB boards and a windproof membrane. Then, insulation (mineral wool, cellulose) is laid between the wooden racks and the “pie” is sewn up with a second OSB board from the inside.

High-quality insulation with modern materials - a kind of layer cake made of OSB, vapor barrier film and mineral wool will provide reliable heat to the country house. A correctly made frame floor 10 cm thick corresponds to a 2 m brick wall in terms of thermal insulation.

Frame house project 3:
country house for a narrow area.

The exterior finish of a frame house is made according to the principle of a ventilated facade, where wooden slats are stuffed between the wall of the house and the sheathing, which form an air gap that ensures the dryness of the insulation and thus increases its efficiency in any weather.

A ventilated facade will increase the life of the walls of a country house and smooth out sudden temperature changes.

The outer skin of a frame house can be made of wood, siding, brick, decorative plaster. Actually for exterior finish at home, any material will suit your taste and budget.

Frame house project 4:
small country cottage.

Frame houses came to us from Scandinavia and Canada, where the climate is quite harsh and people know the price of a warm house.

Often, for an ignorant person, frame houses look like flimsy and unreliable buildings, but more and more summer residents are mastering the benefits of this modern technology.

Frame house project 5:
cottage with two bedrooms.

Why is the frame house project attractive for building a country house with your own hands?

You can build a country house quickly in one season. You do not need to stretch the construction for several years, when in the classic version for a brick country house, the foundation is poured in one year, then the box is erected, then this structure must settle to shrink, then finishing work must be done. In addition, such a house can be built almost all year round(up to -15 degrees).

You can build a country house with your own hands. To build such a house, two people are enough who can completely build such a house in 2-3 months. If you first carry out work to study the intricacies of building a frame house, fully decide on the project and calculate the consumption of materials, then building such a country house over the summer is quite a feasible task for any summer resident.

A frame country house is an economical construction option. If you have a limited budget, then using frame construction technologies, you will get not only a cheap, but also a modern warm country house. You save on building materials, on their delivery, on payment of builders. You can build such a house in a modular way - its design makes the possibility of further extension as simple as possible. So you can break down the construction of a large house into several completed stages, according to your budget.

You will have a warm country house and you will save on heating. The main thing in a frame house - modern systems insulation, when everything in the "pie" of OSB, insulating films and the insulation itself is well thought out, is in its place and works as efficiently as possible for one main goal - to provide maximum effective thermal insulation by optimal means.

You can build a country house on difficult soils. The light construction of a frame house, a columnar foundation is a solution for problematic soils that can be appreciated by everyone who has already tried to build on their summer cottage, where, for example, groundwater is high.

Simplicity and economy of finishing works. upholstering inside overlapping the frame house with OSB slabs, you get a perfectly flat surface, on which it is then quite easy to carry out any finishing work.

Ecological microclimate of a country house. A house built using frame construction technology has the same healthy microclimate as a wooden house.

If you own a tool at the household level, then having a well-thought-out project in your hands, understanding all the rules and regulations for the construction of frame houses, you can build an economical, energy-saving, environmentally friendly country house with your own hands.

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Since you are reading this article, a vacation outside the city on your site is attractive to you. A country house for this, of course, is necessary. It is highly desirable to build it simple, cheap and. For the sake of economy, not only Money and his work, but also land area. In this publication you will find information on how to build a country house with your own hands, perhaps easier, faster, easier and cheaper. It is also desirable that the ergonomics of the house allows you to wait out a long bad weather in it without experiencing discomfort, and the design of the building makes it possible to use various design solutions for its external and internal design.

Where to start

The first question that needs to be solved when planning to build a country house is what to build it from? Where - it is already known, the site will not be moved anywhere. According to the material, soil at the construction site and weather conditions, the design of the house is selected, a ready-made project is developed or selected for it, and then - estimates, purchases, and for business. We will start with the choice of material.

What to build from?

Since we are interested in options that are easy to implement, log houses are also excluded from consideration: it is very difficult to build them on your own. In addition, such houses are sensitive to seasonal ground movements and therefore require a foundation no less reliable than a fully buried tape one (from 0.6 m below the standard freezing depth of the NGP, counting along the bottom of the tape). The foundation of full penetration must stand to give its own shrinkage, at least from the end of summer until full spring warmth next year. The same endurance is required for insulated slab foundations, for example. swedish plate. True, there is a type of foundation for wooden houses that does not require a technological break (see below), but the timber or log structure itself must shrink for a year before it is ready for finishing. So a log or log house will be disproportionately expensive (from approx. 12,000 rubles / sq. m) and difficult to build on your own.

The same situation arises with brick houses and. Ultimately, the construction of a small country house made of brick, foam block or timber turns out to be appropriate only in very small areas, when an extremely compact structure is required. In this case, the house is built 2-storey; brick and lumber technologies allow an unprepared, but attentive and accurate builder to build a house on 2 floors. Examples of the layout of compact 2-storey brick and timber houses are shown in Fig.:

Note: it is easier for a novice builder to build a foam block house than a brick, timber or log house. The construction of a country house from foam / gas blocks makes sense if the cottage is visited all year round - no additional insulation is needed and there will be less heating costs.

The easiest and fastest way to build a small house is to assemble it from a prefabricated panel house kit or structurally insulated panels (SIP). A 20x20-foot (6x6 m) prefabricated house is set up in a week by a pair of chimpanzees of average mental ability trained according to the instructions for the kit. No joke, there were such experiences. But, alas, the cost of construction. At current prices, somewhere from 18,000 rubles / sq. m. Without foundation.

A SIP house will cost less, approx. from 15,000 rubles/sq. m with a foundation on geoscrews (see below). However, SIP structures are held on locks between the panels. In order for a SIP house to be completely reliable, it must have a lot of internal partitions from the same SIP with locks. Since there are few or no partitions in a compact house, we also do not touch SIP as a material for it.

So we come to the conclusion: to build a country house, so that it is fast, simple and inexpensive, you need it from wood. With one small but very significant exception, see below.

Project

An inexpensive garden and / or compact country house is best built according to a standard project; see below for essential construction details. A ready-made free project of a country house is quite easy to find using any search engine. Or for a fee - a detailed standard project of a garden house for 300 rubles. find really on the relevant sites.

How to choose easier and cheaper

However, when sorting through projects, it is necessary to take into account some significant circumstances, namely, the cost, duration and complexity of the zero cycle, i.e. earthworks and laying the foundation. It's the frosty heaving of the soil. With seasonal shifts, the ground under the house does not shake and does not roll over in waves. Summer cottages are cut on the soils of various, but possessing one common property- sufficient own connectivity, otherwise no one needs such a dacha. Therefore, within a certain space on the surface, frost heaving of the soil is reduced mainly to raising/reverse subsidence of its surface with a slight heel.

On the other hand, a small country house has excessive rigidity and elasticity. Here the square-cube law, well known to technology (and stubbornly overlooked by amateurs), operates here. It is easy to test it by experience: glue cubes with sides of 2 and 10 cm from ordinary writing paper and try to crumple one and the other. The third factor is the intrinsic cohesion of the soil is inextricably linked with its mechanical properties.

Without going into further details, we will immediately report the conclusion: if a small wooden country house in terms of fit into a circle of a certain diameter, then on ordinary soils of garden plots it can be built on an unburied foundation, which is much faster, easier and cheaper. In what circle should the project of a wooden house fit in the plan so that it can be built on an unburied foundation on soils up to and including medium-heavy, is shown in fig. It all depends, as we see, on the proportions of the structure: the more square the house, the better it plays out seasonal ground movements. Therefore, it is better to build “tramway” houses for narrow sections, without looking closely, on the foundation of a normal depth. But if the ratio of the “sticks” of a T-shaped house lies within 1

Note: the veranda/terrace is included in the projection of the house if it is rigidly connected with its design. Verandas that do not have a mechanical connection with the house or are hinged to it are excluded from the projection of the house in the plan.

Foundation

We will assume that we have decided on the foundation. We only recall that under a brick, timber or log house on all soils, except for non-rocky ones, it is necessary to lay a normally buried tape or TISE foundation. The slab foundation with insulation “settles down” on the ground for 2-3 years; this is enough for a timber or log house to begin to split. Under a house made of timber or foam blocks on slightly heaving soil, it is possible to lay a foundation on geo-screws (see below) with a steel grillage.

Unburied

An unburied foundation for a compact country house is the easiest and cheapest way to assemble a columnar foundation from ready-made concrete blocks 200x200x400. Blocks are laid out on a cement-sand mortar from M150, two in a row; top across the bottom. Thus, the column is obtained in terms of 400x400 mm.

Pit pits for posts are dug to a depth of 0.5 m; of which 15 + 15 cm falls on the anti-rock sand and gravel pillow. It makes no sense to deepen the columns of blocks by more than 20 cm: the dressing of the seams is weak, and the horizontal components of the frost heaving forces will tear the columns. The number of rows of blocks in the column is made more than 2, if the house needs to be raised above the ground by more than 20 cm. a week.

buried

The recessed foundation of a compact house is often, following the model of large buildings, piled on bored piles in soft roofing material formwork. If the house is on a slope, asbestos-cement pipes are taken to the pile shell, which makes it possible to compensate for the height difference along the slope of up to 1.7 m or more. With regard to fast small-sized construction, the disadvantage of these foundations is the same as that of the tape - it must stand and settle at least from autumn to spring.

Note: there is no point in laying the TISE foundation for a light compact house - the "caps" of the TISE piles normally work in the ground only under a sufficient weight load from the building. Of the small-sized houses, only a 2-story brick or concrete one is capable of creating one.

Geoscrews

The best option for a recessed foundation for a compact house is on geoscrews. Geo-screws are a type of shortened screw piles especially for light buildings. Unlike conventional ones, ground screws are not designed for swampy, loose and floating soils. A foundation with geoscrews for a large house will cost significantly more than a self-made tape foundation, because. ground screws are not cheap in themselves, but for a small house this is not so scary, since few screws are required.

A geo-screw for soils of low and medium density, according to the principle of keeping it in the ground, is somewhat similar to a furniture confirmatory screw and also looks like it, see Fig.:

The smooth head of geoscrews for dense soils is uniformly cylindrical. Those and other ground screws can be used on soils up to excessively heaving. On the heads of geoscrews, you can either lay the wooden lower trim of the structure, or mount a steel grillage. For information on how a wooden house is built on screw piles, see, for example. track. video:

Video: installation of a frame house

The advantages of ground screws for quick construction on a small site in cramped conditions are enormous:

• No preliminary geological surveys are required.
• Geo-screws can be wrapped in rather heavily clogged soil: a cobblestone or a piece of concrete with a child's head will push the screw to the side.
• Special equipment and access roads for it are not needed: 2 people with a crowbar or a home-made collar from a piece of pipe wrap up to 10 or more geo-screws per day.
• Preparatory earthworks are not required: the screw is simply placed with its end in the hole on the bayonet of the shovel and twisted. Align vertically when the pointed tip enters the ground by a third - half.
• Screwed geoscrews can be turned in/out to align the heads to the horizon.
• There is no need for a technical break for foundation settlement - construction can be continued as soon as the last screw is wrapped.
• An incorrectly wrapped screw can be unscrewed and wrapped again close to the old well.

Note: if you are building according to a ready-made project, which indicates the type and characteristics of the foundation, then you need to follow the recommendations of the designers, or consult with them about whether such and such a foundation is suitable on such and such soil.

What house to build?

We come to the very essence: what kind of simple country house will be built cheaper and most likely? In ascending order of cost, complexity and time of construction, as well as potentially aesthetic qualities (suitability for design and decoration), the options are next. way:

1. House from a military kung;
2. House-hut;
3. Bungalow house;
4. Frame house.

When not to excess

KUNG is an abbreviation for a Unified Body of Normal (Zero) Size. In the USSR, unified closed bodies for cars appeared after the Second World War and, thanks to their convenience, the name kung soon became a household name. A country house made of kung, most importantly, is very cheap: a decommissioned kung change house from ZIL-131 can be found for 30,000 rubles. And the construction comes down to bringing it and putting it on posts, concrete supports of grape trellises, etc., laid on a crushed stone pillow (so that weeds do not germinate and annoying living creatures do not start). The foundation for the kung is not needed on any ground in any climate - the kung is designed for off-road driving and overturning of the carrier vehicle.

The kung has only one drawback as a country house: a utilitarian appearance, which any designer's attempts only stick out. But there are a lot of advantages:

• Excellent insulation - a stove the size of a desktop computer system unit heats the kung from the most severe frost.
• The price is more than an order of magnitude less than that of a construction change house, a residential container or a section of a modular country house.
• High resistance to external influences - warehouses, change houses and utility rooms made of kung have been standing almost without maintenance for more than 50 years, and they are not visible to demolition.
• Fire safety is built in.
• Built-in electrical wiring or channels for it, electrical input board (VS) and terminals for grounding connection.
• Ample opportunities for redevelopment, interior equipment and decoration (see below).
• No legal clearance or installation permit is required. Bought - brought - delivered - live.

It is better to look for a kung for a country house from ZIL-131 or GAZ-66 cars (see fig.): they have a flat floor and it is easier to put them on posts due to small or no recesses for wheel niches. You need 6 columns (it can be brick folded dry): in the corners in the middle of the long sides. Among other things, kungs from ZIL-131 and GAZ-66 are cheaper and easier to convert into housing than Ural and KAMAZ ones.

Note: do not take non-standardized "booths" from the ancient ZiS's and GAZ-51-53, their frames are highly susceptible to corrosion and insulation is no good.

The width of the kung is standard according to the zero auto-dimension (2.4 m), and the length can be in the range of 3.5-8.5 m. laying a deep foundation.

For a country house, it is preferable to look for a two-slot kung (two-slot), on the left in fig. But any other empty one turns out to be surprisingly spacious, in the center. Kung change houses (top left and right in the figure) already provide normal habitability for 3-4 people, but it would be even better to look for a kung from old hardware communications. There are also sleeping places for a crew of 3-4 people, and after some application of your hands from such a kung, you get not a house, but a candy, at the bottom right in fig. It is better to remove the right (looking from the entrance inside) compartment for the autonomous power supply (BEA) gas unit: a mini-toilet with a shower is placed in its place. Removing half of the shelves above the left compartment of the BEA, we get a place for a gas stove for 1-2 burners and a small cutting table. The BEA compartment itself, as if on purpose, is intended for garden tools, planting material, etc., and with access also from the outside, through a wide hatch. In addition, there are side windows in the hardware communications kungs, which can not be said about all kungs - military cabins.

Chalet

Chalet means hut, and what changes the meaning of this word has undergone with the development of architecture is another matter. A country house-hut is durable almost the same as a kung, because. its load-bearing trusses are triangular. A small house-hut (approx. up to 4x6 m) can be placed on a non-buried foundation on any soil, except for excessively heaving. Materials for a hut house are required 1.5-2 times less than for a bungalow or frame house, and it is easier to build it without experience and with a minimum set of tools. The hut house has one more advantage inherited from the ancestors: it fits perfectly with almost any finish in any landscape, see fig.:

There are few drawbacks to the chalet. The house-hut retains all its advantages up to a size in terms of approx. 6x9 m, then it becomes more complex and material-intensive than traditional ones. Even in a small-sized hut, one of the sleeping places has to be equipped in the attic, where you have to climb a vertical ladder, that's all.

In America and Canada, single hut houses are quite widespread - shelters for hunters, fishermen, beekeepers, seasonal sharecroppers (this is the same as the Soviet hectare farmer, who remembers), on the left and in the center in the figure:

Arrangement of a single-seat house-hut - a shelter and a 3-seat country house

But a house-hut of only 3x3 m in plan can also be a country house for 2-3 people, on the right. In both cases, there are few heating costs, because. the relative area of ​​heat loss of a house-hut is smaller and it warms up faster due to more active air circulation. If your dacha is commercially inhabited from the first spring heat to the winter cold, then the hut house is optimal for you. After the kung, if you manage to buy it, who knows, they know the real price of the kung.

How to build a chalet

The construction of a hut house with dimensions in terms of up to 6x4 m is carried out step by step. way (this is the so-called airship technology developed by the Germans to build their zeppelins):

1. They lay a columnar or pile screw (on geoscrews) foundation;
2. The supporting A-frames of the frame are assembled from boards (130 ... 150) x40 lying on the plaza - any fairly solid flat surface;
3. The assembled frames are stacked in order to check for skewness and in size, this is extremely important for a hut house;
4. The verified frames are transferred one by one to the foundation and laid flat with the sole in place;
5. Each frame transferred to the foundation is lifted with a rope, set vertically and fixed with temporary jibs;
6. When all the frames are right, they fix the frame in the corners - at the bottom with cornice boards (see below), at the top with a ridge run, also from a pair of boards;
7. When building a house more than 3x4 m, the frame is reinforced with additional longitudinal screeds;
8. At the puff level (cross tie of the A-frame), the ceiling is assembled; without it, the house will not be strong;
9. The floor of the house is assembled according to the usual technology for wooden houses;
10. Sheathe the wings of the frame with 40 mm boards lengthwise, highly preferably tongue-and-groove;
11. Assemble the frames of window and door openings;
12. Sheathe facades;
13. Produce other required construction work.

The hut house will be strong enough and durable only if the work on its construction is carried out in the specified sequence. This is probably the reason why few build hut houses - it’s easier to work on the principle of “take more, throw more”.

Drawings of a house-hut 3x3 m for two or three are given in Fig.:

The inset at the top left shows the design of facade frames for a house up to 4x6 m. The material, as well as intermediate frames, is timber 150x75. Firstly, on the facade frames, 2 ties are added to the tightening (intermediate frames without them). Secondly, instead of a ridge run, a ridge beam of the same section is used. Thirdly, the frames, except at the corners, are fastened with middle and upper straps (longitudinal stiffeners) from the same beam. Longitudinal and transverse bonds are connected by a half-tree tie-in. Those. using the example of a 4x6 m house, it is already clear how the complexity of construction and the material consumption of a hut house grow with an increase in its size.

Note: on the lower screed, 2 more ends of the beam 100x75 are visible on the sides of the window. They are supported by internal partitions. The door frame on the other façade extends up to tightening and is made of timber 75x150; the lower screed of this facade is split. If this house is without a base, the window frame is similarly performed.

Bungalow and… bungalow

In the general concept of a bungalow, this is an unheated one-room country house with an extensive covered veranda, structurally integral to it. For a weekend summer cottage in fairly warm regions, a “generally accepted” bungalow house is optimal, because. it is spacious, well ventilated, does not overheat by the Sun, and in construction it is no more complicated than a frame house, but less material-intensive.

However, today little is known to professional builders outside the tropics that the bungalow is also a kind of building technology. Bungalow huts built on it (another name is hakale) can still be found in the wilds of Russia, the north of the USA and all of Canada. Some of them are over 200 years old, but most of them are still habitable. A house built using bungalow technology is easily recognizable by its 2-layer sheathing of vertical boards; the outer row is intermittent, see fig. on right.

Bungalow, as a technology of wooden construction, combines elements of half-timbered structures and frame with working sheathing. Compared to both, bungalow technology has a footprint. advantages:

• In wooded areas with developed logging, it is cheaper, despite the increased consumption of material for sheathing, because. unseasoned low-quality materials are suitable for it (sheathing), up to unedged boards and waste in the form of slabs.
• The bungalow house is very different and can be built on a non-buried foundation on soils up to and including strongly heaving.
• In damp places, houses built using bungalow technology are very durable due to the fact that the penetration of atmospheric moisture into the sheathing is minimized: the upper ends of the boards are covered with roof overhangs.

The disadvantages of building using bungalow technology are, firstly, the increased requirements for the experience and accuracy of the worker (see below). Secondly, there is some complexity in the design of openings: the outer skin boards need to be cut in place to fit the trim, otherwise pockets are formed - moisture traps.

Bungalow like bungalow

Bungalows as shelters are generally more popular than huts due to better habitability. In a bungalow, you do not have to climb up to sleep and stick out to eat.

The device of a bungalow-type shelter is shown in the figure:

Drawings of a mini bungalow house - shelters

The foundation, of course, is not necessarily a strip foundation (in this case, an unburied strip foundation, NZLF), but any one suitable for local conditions. If columnar or pile, then 12 supports are needed: 3 on the sides along the veranda and 4 (under each vertical rack) on the others. This house can be extended in length up to 3-3.5 m. Then, if you do not lengthen acc. veranda, you can fence off the toilet, and the attic in any case remains free for property and supplies.

The “real” bungalow for outdoor recreation with dimensions of 4x5.875 m is, of course, more complicated in plan (see the next figure), just like a frame house (see below). There is no attic (this is a characteristic feature of "real" recreational bungalows). The requirements for the foundation are the same, but already for soils up to and including medium heaving; prev. the option is excellent also on strongly heaving soils.

Bungalow as technology

The main features of the bungalow as a building technology are indicated above. In addition: the power frame is assembled from a bar from 150x150 without jibs. Yes Yes! The rigidity of the structure is given by the sheathing of vertical boards. Plywood and OSB are of little use, because under each joint of sheets, lining racks and valleys are needed.

Bungalow construction schemes are given in the figure:

The truss floor structures are not conventionally shown, they are ordinary. Please note, on the left in the figure: the triple corners of the frame are assembled in a half-tree and into a spike, and the spikes of the racks are on the inside of the corners. This is an indispensable condition for the strength of the structure: the elements of the load-bearing frame must cling to each other at the corners even without steel fasteners. Although it is necessary, see the scheme for reinforcing the corners in the center in fig. It is unacceptable to use steel corners, linings, etc. in this case! For the Old Testament "oakness" you have to pay with labor.

Sheathing boards need to be oriented with “humps” (bulges of annual layers) as shown on the right in the figure: inner inside, outer out. The outer boards should be slightly narrower than the inner ones, then in the process of warping the wood, the sheathing will compact and compress the frame. With any other arrangement of "humpbacks" it will split and the whole house will weaken.

All boards are attached to the frame along short (end) edges with three (not in pairs!) Nails or self-tapping screws. The edge boards are also fastened along the long edges to the corner posts with the same fasteners in a row or with a snake (zigzag) in increments of 100-120 mm. The outer boards are attached to the inner boards along short edges with pairs of fasteners; long - in a row with the same step.

The assembly of the power frame of the bungalow is a very important stage of work. And laborious, because you can’t hammer staples with a carpenter’s hammer, and you can’t tighten 12x300 self-tapping screws with a screwdriver. In old designs, instead of self-tapping screws, oak dowels were placed in wedging. The frame of the house using bungalow technology is assembled in the next. order:

1. Assemble the bottom frame on the foundation;
2. Racks are installed, aligned vertically and fixed with temporary braces;
3. Assemble the upper frame on racks;
4. Pioneer holes are drilled for the brackets (marking - by the brackets themselves at an angle of 45 degrees). The depth of the pioneer holes is 2/3 of the length of the mustache of the staple, the diameter is 3/4 of the diameter of the mustache;
5. The grooves are chosen under the shelves of brackets, because. staples must be recessed into the tree;
6. Staples are baited with a hammer;
7. Once again check the verticality of the racks and put the top steel fasteners;
8. Finish off the staples with a sledgehammer;
9. Produce wall cladding;
10. Temporary braces are removed and other work is done.

Skeletons

The frame mini-house does not have any features compared to the large residential one; the scheme of its device is given in Fig.:

The order of construction is described in detail and with illustrations in many sources. You can also watch a video about the construction of a "classic" frame house 6x4 m:

Video: country house 4 × 6 using frame technology

The complexity and cost of building a frame house is higher than all those described above. The attention, knowledge and accuracy required to build a hut house and a bungalow do not count: they do not require costs and do not take time. But the frame mini-house also has an undeniable advantage: a simple shape with vertical walls and smooth cladding make it suitable for a wide variety of design delights, see fig.

Also, the design of the frame house is very plastic. On the one hand, it forgives rather gross mistakes of novice builders. On the other hand, it gives creative lovers a certain scope for experimentation. See, for example, a video about the construction of a small frame house-shelter:

Video: do-it-yourself mini-frame house

It is only necessary to add to this plot that the comments of the audience about the insulation are fair. Since it is impossible to “drive out” the dew point once and for all outside, and there are no massive walls where it could “walk”, insulating materials in such structures must be used to prevent condensation in the insulation layer and further inside: EPPS or cellulose insulation (ecowool) .

In conclusion about the roof

The crossbar of the roof (all as it is, its supporting structure) of a small house also has a feature. It is determined by its small size, and, as a result, the excessive rigidity of the structure, as well as the absence in it (forgive the clericalism), put a load-bearing partition (internal main wall). To hold the latter, a fully connected foundation is needed; at least - tape normal depth.

Rafter structures (in this case, this is the same roof beam) are, as you know, hanging (pos. 1a in the figure) and layered (pos. 1b):

In the first, the rack of the truss truss rests on a transverse screed beam, and in a layered truss, on a load-bearing partition; split tie. It is technically possible to make a load-bearing partition in a small house, but it is not justified in any sense, including ergonomic - habitability. Therefore, the roof trusses of small houses are made only hanging. As for the methods of assembling the truss structure of a small house, they can be any of the well-known poses. 3 and 4. Choose whatever you like according to skill, availability of materials and desire. The minimum size of boards for a house up to 6x6 m is 40x130, ridge timber - 100x75 and Mauerlat - from 150x75. In a bungalow house and a frame Mauerlat, a beam of the upper trim can directly serve.

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Having received a long-awaited suburban area, many of its owners immediately decide to get a house. However, building a country house, even with your own hands, is inexpensively difficult. However, if we are talking about a small building, then it will take less money to build it if you do all the work yourself.

Preparation for construction

First of all, you need to make a project. Considering the fact that in order to build even a small house in a country house, it is necessary to obtain a building permit, it is better to entrust its production to specialized organizations that will make a drawing that not only meets all the standards and requirements, but also coordinate it with all the necessary authorities. If there is an approved project, it will not be difficult to obtain a building permit.

When developing a drawing, you should immediately decide on the material from which it is planned to build a house in the country, since based on this, the load on the foundation is calculated. Each has its pros and cons:

1. Wood is an inexpensive and environmentally friendly material, but it requires constant care and special treatment to prevent rotting and fire.
2. Brick is durable and solid, but it is expensive, and only professionals can do its high-quality laying.
3. Foam blocks are easy to use, cheap, environmentally friendly and do not require heavy foundations. They have optimal thermal conductivity, but are prone to destruction.

To build a small country house with your own hands, you should choose the cheapest and easiest material to process. Can be built using wood and insulation or sandwich panels.

When developing a project, you can immediately estimate how much it will cost, since depending on the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe building, the amount of materials is calculated, for which it will not be difficult to find out the current prices.

Marking and construction of the foundation

There are several types of bases, but the most practical is the tape base, which will withstand and evenly distribute the load of a house built from any material. Before starting a future dacha with your own hands, it is necessary to apply markings. To do this, remove all vegetation in the place where the base of the house will be located. Many experts even recommend removing the fertile soil layer. If the land plot has obvious irregularities and slopes, then the site should first be leveled. This can be done manually or with the help of special equipment.

After the site is prepared, marking is done. To do this, you need to take 4 pegs, for which it is better to use reinforcing bars. Put one in the ground, marking the first corner, the length and width of the building are measured from it and the remaining 3 pegs are installed and connected with a rope around the perimeter. The result should be a rectangle or square (depending on the project). The corners must be straight. To check the accuracy, you should connect the opposite pegs with a rope, while both diagonals should be equal to each other.

After marking, you can proceed directly to the strip foundation. The work process will be as follows:

1. A trench 30–50 centimeters wide is dug, depending on the thickness of the walls. The depth should be calculated in the project, taking into account the loads and the degree of soil freezing.
2. A mixture of sand and gravel is poured into the bottom of the trench and compacted.
3. Next, you need to install the formwork. It is made of boards and supports are installed between the walls.
4. To give the necessary rigidity to the base, a reinforcing mesh should be made inside the formwork.
5. The concrete mixture is poured.

To gain strength, the foundation must stand, so it is not recommended to start building walls within 30 days. It is during this period that concrete gains the necessary grade strength. To prevent the destruction of the foundation, it should be treated with a bituminous mixture, and the upper part of the base should be covered with roofing material, which will act as a waterproofing.

Schematically, the strip foundation looks like in the presented photo:

Walling

The process will depend on the chosen material. The principle of building walls from foam blocks and bricks is similar. In this case, certain rules must be observed:

1. Laying is done in a checkerboard pattern so that the subsequent layer covers the vertical seam.
2. It is necessary to start laying from the corner. First, draw an exact straight line and only after that carry out the longitudinal installation of blocks or bricks.
3. The thickness of the seam is 1 centimeter.
4. The adhesive composition for foam blocks and bricks must be the same in composition throughout the entire construction process.
5. Laying of each layer should be checked by level and monitor their verticality.

If you decide to build a house out of wood, then first of all you should take care of the preparation of high-quality timber. The tree must be solid, well dried, free of chips, cracks and other mechanical damage. Particular attention should be paid to the absence of blue. It is very important to lay the first crown correctly. At the corners, the bars are fastened by tie-in and fixed with long nails. Tow should be laid between each row.

There are several options for the corner fastening of the timber, which can be clearly seen in the photo:

Frame construction of a small house is considered the fastest and cheapest, especially if it is made of wood. To do this, it is necessary to install vertical corner and intermediate posts that are attached to the foundation. At the same time, a strapping of wooden beams should first be made on the base. Vertical racks are mounted using a metal corner or by tie-in. To strengthen the supports, the upper strapping is made of bars around the entire perimeter. The result is a frame consisting of rectangles. To give the building the necessary rigidity, opposite corners are connected by diagonals from boards. Then the voids are filled with insulation, for example, foam or mineral wool.

The process of building a house from sandwich panels can be viewed on the video:

roof construction

Roofs are of several types. Flat ones are made quickly and easily, but subsequently require constant care, since snow and water will constantly linger on the surface, and the risk of leakage is quite high.

The most practical and cheapest for a small country house are single-pitched or gable roofs. The construction process is simple, and you can do it yourself. To do this, you must follow the following sequence:

1. The Mauerlat installation is the base of the roof, which is a wooden beam mounted on opposite walls.
2. Next comes the installation of the truss system, the order of which will whistle from the selected type of roof. To create a gable, it is necessary to fix vertical rafters on the Mauerlat in increments of 0.8–1 meter, connecting them at the top with a ridge beam.
3. On top of the rafters, a crate is made of boards about 4 centimeters thick.
4. Waterproofing is laid on the frame, for example, roofing material.

You can choose any roofing material. A cheaper option is slate. More expensive and at the same time, having an attractive appearance is a metal tile or ondulin.

Schematically, the device of a gable roof looks like in the photo:

On this, the main construction of the cottage can be considered completed. It remains only to insert windows and doors, complete internal partitions, as well as finish the facade.

2018-04-11

Each person who has acquired a small plot of land for a summer residence seeks to build a house in a short time, or a similar easily erected structure. So that there is a place where to relax after a hard day's work, or to hide from inclement weather. Well and to be arranged in the household plan naturally. Of course, it is desirable to build a house to accommodate the whole family, and guests who came for the weekend. The task is certainly grandiose, but quite doable if you have accumulated savings for the construction of a country house, because a large amount of new building material will be required.

If possible, you can hire hired workers to build this building.

Of course, this will significantly add financial costs for your family, and if this is not possible, you will have to build a country house with your own hands.

Basically, the owners of dachas build their houses with their own hands in order to save money for hiring a construction team and invite relatives and friends to the construction site to help, which by itself reduces the cost of building a building.

Even summer residents sometimes use used materials, which can be purchased at half the price compared to market prices, but this will reduce the durability of the structure, also by half.

When building his country house, the author decided not to save on the main material and buy everything on the construction market, so that it would be enough for a century and the house would stand for a long time, please his family and his guests with its comfort and aesthetic appearance.

Of course, wood was chosen as the main material for the construction, which could be better and more beautiful than wood. The author bought bars and boards at a local sawmill, which turned out to be much cheaper than in a hardware store.

Starting construction, I pre-drilled wells under the supporting pillars, inserted them and filled them with cement mortar. I made the binding of the pillars with boards and left for a day to dry the solution. Then he started building, step by step going to the cherished goal.

And so now let's take a closer look at how he built his country house, and what he needed for this.

Materials: board 30 mm, timber 100 by 100, timber 40 by 60, floorboard 50 mm, insulation, professional sheet, rail, fiberboard.
Instruments: circular saw, drill, drill, screwdriver, hammer, shovel, electric planer, corner, ruler, tape measure, circular cut-off saw.

And so the first thing he invited was a neighbor and together they drilled wells to install poles.

Then he installed the posts, and filled the holes with cement mortar.

I made a screed at the bottom and at the top so that the pillars stood evenly, after a day after the solution had gained hardness, I proceeded to further construction.

The author makes the top harness.

Then proceeds to create the roof ridge.

Next, he makes the roof sheathing.

Shows the rafter attachment point.

The leftovers from sawing up will also come in handy somewhere.

Then proceeds to the installation of the roof from the professional sheet.

Then he moves on to the device of the floors of the house.

So it turned out a place to store boards from precipitation.

Preparing a batch of boards by spreading them on a circular saw.

And proceeds to finish the cornice.

Sheaths the walls with boards, and closes the gaps between the boards with slats.

Next comes the ceiling lining.