Define the concepts: choir, vocal ensemble, trio, duet, solo. Ensemble. Ensemble, what is it How many people are in a musical ensemble

Choir (ancient Greek χορός - crowd) - a choir group, a singing group, a musical ensemble consisting of singers (choir members, choir artists); joint sounding of human voices.

The choir differs from the vocal ensemble (vocal trio, quartet, quintet, etc.) by the presence of at least two (according to P. Chesnokov, three) or more people performing the same part.

The choir is led by a conductor or choirmaster. The leader of the church choir is called the choir director.

Most often, the choir includes four choral parts: soprano, alto, tenor, bass. But the number of parties is not limited in principle, since each of these main parties can be divided into several relatively independent parties (this phenomenon is called divisi among musicians): Vasily Titov's part concerts have 12 or more choral parts; "Stabat Mater" by Krzysztof Penderecki was written for a triple choir with 4 voices each (a total of 12 choral parts).

The choir may sing with or without instruments. Singing unaccompanied is called singing a cappella. Instrumental accompaniment can include almost any instrument, one or more, or an entire orchestra. As a rule, at choir rehearsals, in the process of learning a piece written for choir and orchestra, the orchestra is temporarily replaced by the piano; the piano is also used as an auxiliary instrument when learning choral works a cappella.

Ensemble(from fr. ensemble - together, a bunch of) - means a joint performance of a musical work by several participants or a musical work for a small group of performers; a favorite type of music-making since ancient times. In accordance with the number of performers (from two to ten), the ensemble is called a duet, trio (tercet), quartet, quintet, sextet, septet, octet, nonet or decimet - after the Latin name of numbers. As independent works, ensembles belong to the field of chamber music, but they are also included in operas, oratorios, and cantatas. VIA (vocal - instrumental ensembles) were common in Russia in the seventies.

History tells us one of the possible ways of forming an ensemble: another instrumental “voice” joins the poetic melody of the shepherd’s horn, he timidly seeks his way and finds it, weaving the melody of the first performer with an expressive ornament of sound laces that do not interfere with listening to this melody, but set off its beauty , as if emphasizing inventive finds.

Several singers provocatively bring out a Russian folk dance song. They sing it together. One simply would not have such a variety of emotional shades, the multicolored vocal patterns created by various combinations of voices. This is also an ensemble. You can't call it a competition of singers, where each of the contenders for the victory seeks to show, first of all, their own skills. In the ensemble, on the contrary, everyone tries to balance their artistic individuality, their performing style, techniques with the individuality, style, performance techniques of their partners, which ensures the coherence and harmony of the performance of a particular piece of music as a whole. The same can be said about the art of dance ensembles.

The composition of instrumental ensembles is not numerous. Each part is performed by one musician (chamber ensembles: duet, trio, quartet, quintet, etc.). The most common in composition: a piano duet, a string quartet, a quintet of wind instruments, a duet of violin and piano, a trio (violin, cello, piano) and others - can often be heard on the domestic and foreign concert stage.

In the 16th-18th centuries, there were various forms of polyphonic ensemble. In the era of the Viennese classics, characteristic ensemble genres were formed, which have retained their significance to the present day (violin duet with pianoforte, string quartet, etc.).

· a musical composition for two instruments or two voices with instrumental accompaniment. Each part of the duet has an independent character. The form of the instrumental duet is more extensive, the vocal duet is simpler. A vocal duet is written as an independent concert number or is part of a vocal-instrumental composition, such as an opera;

any artistic group of two people: a duet of singers, musicians, dancers, theater or film actors.

· in a figurative sense - any team of two people who have a common activity (for example, a duet of football strikers).

SOLO (Italian solo, from Latin solus - one) performed by one singer or instrumentalist (with or without accompaniment) an independent part or episode of a work.

Ensemble types

under the name ensemble type understand the characteristics of the performing group by the constituent groups of singing voices. It is known that singing voices are divided into three groups - women's, men's and children's. Thus, an ensemble that unites the voices of one group is called homogeneous and an ensemble that has combinations of female (or children's) and male voices or singing voices of all three groups is called mixed. In performing practice, common four ensemble type: women's, men's, children's, mixed.

Based on the characteristics of the types of choirs by A. A. Egorov, ensembles can be divided into homogeneous, incomplete and mixed, where the first type consists of a union of children's or female or male voices; the second - from the union of a homogeneous choir and a separate type of voices; the third type of ensemble is based on the unification of heterogeneous voices.

Based on the characteristics of the types of choirs by P. G. Chesnokov, the ensembles are divided into:

Homogeneous Ensemble Types:

As a result of the connection of homogeneous groups, it turns out full mixed ensemble, which consists of nine parties - I soprano, II soprano, I alto, II alto, I tenor, II tenor, baritones, basses and octavists.

According to the registers, the ensemble is divided into three layers, according to the sonority of the chord (when doubling) - a layer of upper voices (I soprano, I tenor), a layer of middle voices (II soprano, II tenor, altos, baritones), a layer of lower voices (basses, octavists).

Ensemble ranges

Children's Ensemble: for small - salt 2nd

Women's Ensemble: F minor - A 2nd

Male ensemble: large F - up to 2nd

· Mixed Ensemble: F big – A 2nd

Technical and artistic capabilities of ensembles

Children's Ensemble. Technical capabilities are not great, artistic ones are also very limited, since basically the nature of the sound of children's voices is homogeneous, distinguished by lightness, transparency, sonority and lightness.

Women's Ensemble. The voices of the female ensemble roughly correspond to those of children, however, the range is wider, the timbre palette is richer, the sound as a whole is distinguished by strength, density and saturation, the technical and artistic possibilities are much higher and more diverse.

Male Ensemble. Of all types of homogeneous ensembles, this one has the highest technical and artistic capabilities. This is due to a wide range, which approaches three octaves (2.6), which is characterized by a light and sonorous timbre sound in the upper register (approaching a female sound), and great strength, brightness and power of sound in the lower register. Therefore, the sound of the male ensemble can even be compared to a mixed one.

Mixed Ensemble. Of all types of ensembles, it is the most perfect both technically and artistically, combining the possibilities of homogeneous ensembles - male and female.

The quantitative composition of the ensemble

By the number of singers that make up the ensemble, they distinguish duet, tercet, quartet, quintet, sextet, septet, octet, nonet, decimet, undecimet. The number of people in a team of 12 people is considered to be a choir.

Ensemble type

Under the concept ensemble view the characteristic of the performing group or work is implied by the number of independent parts.

Composers create works for an ensemble of various compositions - one-, two-, three-, four- and more voices. The principles of using the division in ensemble parts are most often associated with harmonic and timbre-color combinations of voices, sometimes also with the identification of mixed colorful timbres by composers (for example, the performance of a melody in unison by altos and tenors, etc.).

Backing vocal

Backing vocals (English backing vocal - literally "singing in the background"), or singing - a song performance that accompanies the main vocal part.

Backing vocalist (English backing vocalist, backup singer, background singer) - a person who accompanies the solo vocalist with his singing. When recording albums, often the role of the backing vocalist is performed by the same person as the main vocal part. At the same time, in live performances, this role is either shifted to the members of the group or specially invited singers, or it is performed by overlaying phonogram sound. The number of backing vocalists - depending on the leak and the genre of music - from two or more people. As a rule, backing vocals are present in rather short sections of compositions and echoes the main vocals. Choruses are a prime example of such moments. However, in addition to supporting the main line, backing vocals can also serve as a contrast. This contrast is best expressed in the compositions of rock bands using such singing manners as growling and screaming (Pagan metal, Death metal and other similar genres). In rap music, backing vocalists are often referred to as hype men.

A musical ensemble is a group of people engaged in common creativity. Most often, the ensemble unites musicians. However, the team can also include people of other creative specialties: sound engineers, producers, songwriters, and other specialists.

How many people are in the musical ensemble?

From two to ten people. Depending on the number of participants, the ensemble may be called:

• Duet. The artistic group is represented by two members. The most famous duets include: Modern Talking, OutKast, Roxette, Pet Shop Boys;
• Trio. Means three performers-instrumentalists or singers. There are vocal, instrumental and instrumental-vocal ensembles. An instrumental trio can be homogeneous (for example, performers use exclusively bowed instruments) or mixed. The composition of the instruments is determined by the specifics of the music being performed. So, a jazz trio most often includes piano or guitar, double bass and drums. Famous trio ensembles: 30 Seconds to Mars, Depeche Mode, Nirvana. Russian teams: Factory, VIA Gra, Lyceum;
• Quartet. Consists of four musicians, vocalists, instrumentalists. Quartets are widespread in all musical genres: academic music, jazz, rock. Works for quartets were written by Beethoven, Haydn, Mozart, and many other famous composers. Such fours as The Beatles, ABBA, Queen, Led Zeppelin gained wide popularity;
• Quintet. The birth of string and wind quintets is considered to be the second half of the 18th century. Since that time, academic works for five musicians have been created in the form of sonata cycles. Vocal quintets successfully fit into the program of the opera, cantata. The following bands gained world fame: AC / DC, Spice Girls, Oasis, Scorpions, Deep Purple, Sex Pistols;
• Sextet. Implies six performers;
• Septet: seven musicians, vocalists, instrumentalists;
• Octet. Among the well-known bands, which included eight members, include: Guns N 'Roses, Chicago, The Doobie Brothers. Many jazz bands are octets;
• But no. A team of nine musicians, each of whom performs an independent part. A well-known performing ensemble is the Czech Nonet. In jazz, nonets by Miles Davis, Joe Lovano gained fame;
• Decimet. A rare type of musical group in which each of the ten private members performs an independent part. Such chamber ensembles are a transitional stage to chamber orchestras.

Ensemble(from fr. ensemble - together, a bunch of) - means a joint performance of a musical work by several participants or a musical work for a small group of performers; a favorite type of music-making since ancient times. In accordance with the number of performers (from two to ten), the ensemble is called a duet, trio (tercet), quartet, quintet, sextet, septet, octet, nonet or decimet - after the Latin name of numbers. As independent works, ensembles belong to the field of chamber music, but they are also included in operas, oratorios, and cantatas. VIA (vocal - instrumental ensembles) were common in Russia in the seventies.

History tells us one of the possible ways of forming an ensemble: another instrumental “voice” joins the poetic melody of the shepherd’s horn, he timidly seeks his way and finds it, weaving the melody of the first performer with an expressive ornament of sound laces that do not interfere with listening to this melody, but set off its beauty , as if emphasizing inventive finds.

Several singers provocatively bring out a Russian folk dance song. They sing it together. One simply would not have such a variety of emotional shades, the multicolored vocal patterns created by various combinations of voices. This is also an ensemble. You can't call it a competition of singers, where each of the contenders for the victory seeks to show, first of all, their own skills. In the ensemble, on the contrary, everyone tries to balance their artistic individuality, their performing style, techniques with the individuality, style, performance techniques of their partners, which ensures the coherence and harmony of the performance of a particular piece of music as a whole. The same can be said about the art of dance ensembles.

The composition of instrumental ensembles is not numerous. Each part is performed by one musician (chamber ensembles: duet, trio, quartet, quintet, etc.). The most common in composition: a piano duet, a string quartet, a quintet of wind instruments, a duet of violin and piano, a trio (violin, cello, piano) and others - can often be heard on the domestic and foreign concert stage.

In the 16th-18th centuries, there were various forms of polyphonic ensemble. In the era of the Viennese classics, characteristic ensemble genres were formed that have retained their significance to the present day (violin and piano duet, string quartet, etc.).

We live in the heyday of ensemble music-making, which gave rise to a variety of ensembles: percussion instruments, early music (Madrigal), etc. The Moscow Virtuosos are also very famous. There are usually few participants in the ensemble, therefore, during joint music-making, the play of each of them is heard, which imposes special requirements on the skill of the performer: he must have special sensitivity, responsiveness, creative intuition, suggesting a certain mood in a complex and exciting ensemble game with partners.

The ability to measure one's own capabilities and the capabilities of another is called ensemble performance. High examples of the ensemble were shown by the trio L. N. Oborin, D. F. Oistrakh, S. N. Knushevitsky or the duet of S. T. Richter and Oistrakh. Violinist V. T. Spivakov and violist Yu. A. Bashmet, who interpret the duets of V. A. Mozart, are reputed to be true virtuosos. Their playing captivates them with its temperament, unexpected sound and at the same time an extraordinary degree of mutual understanding, without which a true ensemble is impossible.

Each VIA has its own leader (maybe more than one). This is a highly professional musician who composes and arranges for the ensemble, and an artistic director who cares about the general “class” of the ensemble, about its style, about creating and constantly updating the repertoire; it is also a manager who is able to combine a reasonable touring load of the ensemble with the rehearsal period necessary for the creative growth of musicians; finally, it is often a director who knows how to build a single program from a variety of disparate musical works in compliance with the specific laws of variety spectacle. It is the leaders who bear the main responsibility for the creative fate of the ensemble, for the selection of techniques, means that, with common genre features, give a particular VIA "a face not a general expression."

This is a group of individual dancers who together create a full-fledged artistic group.

What is a dance ensemble?

The word ensemble is translated from French as a joint performance. Accordingly, in the case of a dance ensemble, this is a joint performance by individual dancers of one or a group of dances.

Main Feature dance ensemble is the presence of music, under which the production of one dance is carried out, which will be able to present the audience with a pre-prepared story as brightly as possible.

Program and members of the dance ensemble

The dance program of the ensemble can be united by a cross-cutting theme, or each dance can represent a separate story.

There are several types of dance ensembles, namely:

• variety dance ensembles.

​ Among the participants of such a group, the most talented representatives of amateur art activities are most often found, but professional artists are no exception.

Dance Ensemble of Viktor Eliseev

The creation of the ensemble fell on July 3, 1973. Lieutenant Colonel Boris Salmin became the head of the group, thanks to whose activities, already after 3 months, the ensemble of songs and dance toured throughout Russia.

And since 1985, Major General of the Internal Service Viktor Eliseev has been recognized as the head of the team.

In 2005, the ensemble received a grant from the President of Russia.

During its existence, the members of the group prepared 39 concert programs and gave about 8 thousand concerts, which were attended by more than 25 million spectators.

The ensemble includes a choir (70 people), an orchestra (40 people) and a ballet.

In addition, in 2000, under the Viktor Eliseev Ensemble, a children's ensemble which includes 250 children.

Academic Dance Ensemble "Beryozka"

The creation of the ensemble fell on 1948, and the Soviet artist and choreographer Nadezhda Nadezhdina became the initiator of its appearance.

The activity of the dance ensemble is aimed at providing the audience with the opportunity to admire the performance.

Until 1959, the team included only female representatives, but then cardinal changes took place, and several young people were accepted into the ensemble, thanks to which the audience was able to get acquainted with a number of paired dances such as “Stomp”, “Bachelors”, “Patterns”.

For all their concert activity, the Beryozka team has visited almost every country where they were expected to be a stunning success.

Igor Moiseev Folk Dance Ensemble

dance ensemble was created in 1937 by the famous choreographer and choreographer of that period - Igor Moiseev.

At the first time of its existence, the ensemble performed accompanied by a group of folk musical instruments, but already in 1940, thanks to the expansion of the repertoire present in the ensemble, a small symphony orchestra was created. To date, this orchestra has 35 people.

The ensemble's repertoire includes about 300 works, the most popular of which are the following:

• "Fight of two kids";
• "Partisans";
• "Polovtsian dances";
• "Round dance";
• "Jock".

Popular pop dance ensembles

Especially popular in the modern world are ensembles(this is a type of stage dance, which is most often characterized by the presence of an entertaining character). The main purpose of this dance is to cheer up the audience.

Among the popular pop dance ensembles of our country, the following are distinguished:

• "Talochka";
• "Shine";
• "Youth";
• "Constellation";
• "ARTishok".

Popular children's dance ensembles

Not the last place in Russia is occupied by and, the number of which increases annually.

The most popular children's dance ensembles in our country are the following:

• "Inspiration";
• "Exciton";
• "Carousels".

It is noted that many professional dancers go to work in ensembles, because dance group- this is a real family, whose representatives will always support each other.