Do-it-yourself step-by-step technology for building a frame house. Do-it-yourself frame house. Necessary preparatory work

Today, the speed of construction, along with its final cost, is a determining factor for the majority of the population. Therefore, more and more often they use materials and methods that are fundamentally different from the generally accepted foundations at the moment. An excellent option is the installation of a frame house.

Frame houses are the leader in this industry, because a prefabricated house does not mean that it will be unreliable in operation. In addition, such a house can be insulated with one of the many heaters that are now on the construction market. Such a dwelling does not require a massive foundation, and if you build a frame house with your own hands, then there are simply no equals in its segment.

Necessary preparatory work

The construction of a frame house should begin with determining the site of the future dwelling, and only after that it is worth starting to develop project documentation. It should reflect all the nuances of construction, the layout of the house. Of course, if you have drawing skills and have spatial thinking, then such an item will not be difficult for you. However, in most cases, experts recommend entrusting this work to professional developers. This will save you from painstaking work, in addition, all door and window openings will be reflected in the drawings according to the required dimensions, and your wishes for planning the future home will be taken into account.

After the project documentation has been prepared and approved, you should start preparing the site and marking the house. This is a very time-consuming process, because on an unprepared site there are often shrubs, trees, construction debris from past construction. And thanks to this stage, the layout of the future residential premises will be most accurately performed and will take much less time. In addition, the site may have a significant slope, which is leveled only with the use of special equipment.

The layout of the house is also an important planning step. After all, the layout of the future home depends on it. Mistakes made during markup at the initial stage are quite difficult to correct in the future.

Building a house starts with a foundation

Foundation installation is a fundamental link in the construction of your own living quarters. In this regard, a house assembled from modules, or otherwise a frame house, is in an advantageous position. After all, as the basis for such a house, you can choose any type of foundation. The only determining factor in the choice will be the type of soil.

Most often, in the construction of frame houses, a pile-screw foundation is used. From other types of foundation, it compares favorably with its cost, as well as unpretentiousness in construction. Usually, construction team of three people performs the installation of such a foundation in a few days. Alternatively, shallow strip and slab foundations may also be used, although shallow foundation is distinguished by its fragility, and slab has a very high cost, due to the high consumption building materials.

Floors in a frame house

The design of the floor in such housing is carried out depending on the chosen foundation, but, as a rule, the floor is chosen wooden or concrete. The floor of concrete execution is performed in the case of tape or slab foundation. With tape, light materials are used, for example, expanded clay concrete. In the case of a slab foundation, the slab itself will be a rough version of the concrete floor. To level the floor, experts recommend using liquid self-leveling floors. The wooden floor is performed in the case of a pile-screw foundation, in which case it is worth starting with a strapping from a bar. The size of the beam is determined by the area of ​​​​the house - the larger the area, the thicker the beam must be used to prevent sagging of the floor. The strapping is also a frame, that is, it gives the necessary rigidity to the floor and evenly distributes the load.

The floor trim should be assembled in the following sequence:

1. According to the layout of the house, a beam is laid out, under which the roofing material has been previously lined. This will provide waterproofing.
2. It is necessary to mark the joints of the timber (in the event that the length of the walls of the house exceeds the length of the timber used).
3. The timber is stacked on top of each other with an overlap of 200-300 millimeters, this will allow in the future to perform fastening like a lock.
4. The joints of the beams are connected with nails, and the beam and the foundation are fixed with bolts or studs. Moreover, the hole in the beam needs to be made a little larger on its surface, this will allow you to hide the bolt head in the wood.
5. After the perimeter is completed, it is necessary to start tying. In this case, the beam is fixed to the beam using metal brackets.

The next step is laying the log. It is recommended to complete the supply of all communications and electricity by this stage. The step between the lags will determine the type of insulation used. Therefore, it is necessary to make a step between the lags 1-2 centimeters less than the width of the insulation so that it is tightly pressed against the tree. Fix the lags using nails. Installation should not be carried out flush with the strapping, but 50 millimeters less so that another board fits along the strapping, perpendicular to the laid timber. This is necessary in order to close all the holes around the perimeter. Next, it is necessary to proceed with the sheathing with waterproofing and vapor barrier material, and it is necessary to ensure that the installation of the material is carried out with an overlap.

How to assemble walls in a frame house

Now consider how to assemble the frame of the house. Tools, like materials for building the walls of a frame house, are used by analogy with the floor. Before proceeding with the installation of walls, it is required to determine the required height of the ceilings in the living room. If the required height is determined by 280 centimeters, then the vertical racks should be made 15 centimeters shorter. This is the distance that will be required for the strapping.

The distance between the racks, by analogy with the floor, is based on the size of the insulation minus 1-2 centimeters. Marking of those places where vertical racks will be nailed is applied. Then the racks themselves are laid and fixed with nails 12-15 centimeters. As a rule, in order to increase the strength and rigidity of the assembled elements, jumpers are installed between the racks. Usually, jumpers are punched with the expectation that they will serve as a plywood joint, depending on the nature of further work.

Strengthening the collected elements

The upholstery serves to increase the rigidity of the structure of the frame house, all joints should be with an overlap of 250-300 millimeters, excluding those corners where the overlap and wall thickness will be equal. Strengthening occurs with the help of strapping OSB-boards. The inner walls are identical to the outer walls, only it is allowed to use a smaller thickness. As a filler of the space between the walls, not a heater is used, but a sound-absorbing material. It is also allowed not to use waterproofing for the construction of interior partitions.

Roof

Building a roof frame for a modular home is fundamentally no different from installing the roof of any other home. There is even a slight advantage in the form of easier fixing of the roof and external walls of the frame house. The rafter system is based on the Mauerlat, which is the support for the rafters. As a rule, a beam with dimensions of 20 * 20 centimeters is used.

Additional reinforcement is carried out with a crate. The roof is built strictly according to the marked action plan. After all, the roof is exposed to external and internal destructive factors. External - precipitation, internal - condensate. Therefore, experts recommend not saving on roofing material and choosing a metal tile that provides reliable steam, sound and heat insulation.

How to install insulation

The guide for the construction of a frame house recommends the insulation of all the main elements of this structure.

• Outside, on top of OSB sheets, a special waterproofing membrane is installed.
• Inside the house, between the racks, insulation is laid, preferably in several layers. It all depends on what requirements apply to the house, and on the region of your residence. A layer of insulation is laid with an overlap to avoid cold bridges.
• The floor is insulated using the same technology.
• The ceiling is recommended to be insulated from the attic.
• After the insulation is laid, it should be covered with a vapor barrier film on top to prevent moisture from entering the insulation.
• For further work on exterior finish on top of the film, sheathing material is stuffed onto the walls - a board or slats, but most often - OSB sheets.
• Next, you can proceed to the fine finishing and installation of the facade of the house.

Conclusion

Here is a brief instruction on the independent construction of a frame house, in which only general tips and recommendations are selected. It is wiser to choose the best quality tool for building a frame house, because you should not neglect own security. Otherwise, the frame house practically does not differ in its characteristics from other houses made of "recognized" materials (brick, stone, concrete), but at the final cost such a house will cost much less and will allow you to save a lot of time to improve the land.

It is rapidly gaining popularity among individual developers. If in Canada it is Government program. In Russia, this means solving housing problems on your own, and in the shortest possible time with the lowest possible costs.

It is possible to build a frame with your own hands, even in the absence of special construction education, skills, and experience. To do this, you will have to make an effort, understand the technology, and also acquire the simplest skills for performing construction work. As a result, you can build a frame house with your own hands , and get for affordable price an individual house for your special requests, needs, needs.

Let's bring detailed description technological operations. Using technology, you can do it yourself ( step-by-step instruction, 6x6 m 2 - the dimensions of the house, which we took as a basis) qualitatively.

Frame house: step by step instructions

We list the main steps that you need to follow in order to build a new frame house with your own hands, step-by-step instructions will give you the right idea about construction.

Scheme of the frame wall.

1. Design - planning, thinking over the design of the house, the layout of the walls and rooms, doors and windows, plumbing fixtures, plumbing, sewerage, electrical wiring, heating. In the design process, a diagram of a frame house is drawn , which indicate the location of engineering networks and plumbing, heating devices. Working through the schemes of frame houses with your own hands , utility rooms, it is important to consider how the house will be heated - choose a heating system, a scheme for laying its elements. According to the finished scheme, step-by-step construction will be carried out.
2. Ground work is the preparation of a pit for the foundation and the actual construction of the foundation.
3. Assembling the frame of the walls and roof.
4. Construction of walls and subfloor.
5. External doors, windows and walls.
6. Interior decoration and internal doors.

And now let's go directly to the question, with our own hands, what to consider for high-quality construction and the correct execution of work.

DIY frame house

Preparatory work is necessary for any construction, especially if you decide to build a frame house, you will simply need step-by-step instructions. If you thought over the project of the house on your own, then you took into account the peculiarities of the location of the building on the site. If you bought a ready-made project and decided to implement it on the spot, then you will need to "attach" the building to your terrain. How to build a frame house, the instruction will be useful in the earliest stages of construction.

DIY frame house step by step photo.

Site preparation

What you need to do on the site where I build a frame house with my own hands:

• Clean it from old buildings, if any, on the site, from construction debris and from stumps, snags.
• Provide the possibility of transporting building materials, clear the road for the car and a place for a U-turn.

Canopy for storing boards.

• Consider places for storing building materials; if the terrain is uneven, they should be located on elevations.
• Perhaps the site needs to be leveled, for this you need to call construction equipment.
• For some areas where frame construction is underway, the instruction will be relevant on how to build a fence to prevent the theft of materials.

Plot marking

Marking is understood as the designation of the location of the future structure on the ground. The scheme of the frame house is transferred to the area with the help of pegs and ropes. Pegs are driven into the ground and a rope is pulled between them, indicating the location of future outer walls.

Marking the site for construction.

Carefully measure all angles, observe degrees (clearly marked 90 °) and the length of the walls. Deviations of at least a few degrees are not allowed. They lead to the curvature of the structure and improper distribution of loads. As a result, it can reduce the strength of the entire structure and reduce its reliability.

Instructions for the foundation

The phased construction of a frame house with your own hands begins with the foundation. This is the foundation of the house, a large, even and durable “stand” on which the entire frame structure rests. It can be poured from concrete or assembled from ready-made concrete blocks.

Strip foundation for the frame.

Frame construction is called "light". The walls of the skeleton put much less pressure on the surface of the earth than capital structures made of bricks or monoliths made of concrete. The frame is also lighter than a log wooden house. Therefore, your building will need a small, shallow foundation.

On a note

When deciding with your own hands, you invariably face the issue of choosing designs and materials. For frame structures, shallow strip foundations or slabs are constructed. In some cases, foundations are made deep for frame builders.

This happens when the soil is unsteady, mobile, loose and the building is planned on the shore of the reservoir. In such a case, which will rely on deep and immovable layers of soil.

Strip foundation

It is a stone tape, a path buried in the ground by 100-400 mm. Above the ground, the foundation rises by 100-300 mm. Thus, the total height of the strip foundation for a frame house is 200-700 mm.

Strip foundation formwork with reinforcing mesh

On a note

You can make the foundation deeper and higher - but this is up to you, if you want to spend more building materials and get a more massive structure of the base of the house.

The foundation tape is poured into trenches prepared in advance. Concrete for pouring can be kneaded independently. Before pouring, a layer of sand is poured into the trenches and thereby a so-called sand cushion is made (thickness up to 100 mm) and metal reinforcement is laid.

slab foundation

The slab foundation is also called floating. The frame house will rise and fall with it, with seasonal expansions of the soil. Therefore, the plate must be strong enough.

The slab foundation is poured from concrete and reinforcement, while the reinforcement is tied with wire. The reinforcing mesh provides the frame house slab with the necessary strength.

The foundation is poured monolithic slab

The slab base can be minimally deepened into the ground by 100-200 mm, or concrete can be poured onto a gravel pad without deepening. The total height of the slab should be 200-300 mm.

For the foundation slab, it is important to ensure resistance to the rise of ground moisture. Therefore, when mixing concrete, a water-resistant additive is added to it. This will ensure the water resistance of the concrete slab and the dry floor inside the future premises. And also extend the durability of the foundation and the entire structure.

Pile screw foundation

To obtain a pile-screw foundation, you can use asbestos pipes or metal finished piles. For asbestos pipes pits are prepared in which a pipe is installed and concrete is poured into it. Pre-reinforce, i.e. put metal fittings inside the pipe. Metal piles are screwed into the ground without excavating the soil, without digging a hole.

In order to make it easier and clearer, how to mount a pile-screw foundation and a frame house with your own hands – step by step photo.

Set of piles for screw foundation
Screwing piles for the foundation manually
Connection of screw piles of the foundation to each other
Pile screw foundation

Beam strapping

Horizontal beams are laid on top of the finished piles. This design is called a grillage. When you decide to build a frame house with your own hands, the step-by-step sequence begins with the installation of a grillage, which is also the lower trim of the frame with vertical fastening of racks on them.

For bottom strapping choose a wooden beam with a section of 150x150 mm. This is the load-bearing element of the building, which must have sufficient strength and hold the walls, roof, trim and internal household appliances on itself.

To connect the corners of the strapping, choose one of the methods proposed in the picture - in half a tree or in a half paw.

Half tree connection options
Connection in half-tree and in half-paw

They differ in the thickness of the wood cut for the corner connection. Half-tree - exactly half the thickness of the beam is cut, half-paw - the beam is cut at an angle to each other. From above, the connection is strengthened with a metal bracket or plate. After that, the strapping angle is fixed to the foundation with a metal anchor. After the installation is completed, the timber is treated with an antiseptic.

Instructions for the subfloor

To build a frame house, the instruction will describe in detail the entire construction process. First of all, the floor of a frame house with your own hands consists of a rough layer and a finishing coat. The subfloor is made of concrete or wood. Finishing coating of wood, laminate, linoleum and other finishing materials.

Concrete subfloor

The concrete floor is poured over the ground. It is a multi-layer structure, in which there is a layer of waterproofing, thermal insulation, reinforcing mesh.

Draft concrete floor - concrete screed

The bottom layer is sand 10 mm. On top - expanded clay insulation, sawdust with clay - the so-called adobe, foam. Further concrete with a waterproofing additive.

Wooden subfloor

If a tree is used to build a subfloor, then an empty space is formed under it.

Draft floor between lags

Wooden logs are laid on top of the bottom strapping and are used as a base, to which subfloor boards are nailed from below. Insulation is laid on the subfloor boards. Then the flooring is spread on the logs: laminate, linoleum, OSB, parquet.

Frame house installation

How to build a frame house with your own hands? The step-by-step construction scheme begins with the construction of the frame - one of the most important construction operations. It is important to choose the right beams and boards (size and section) and connect them correctly. What features arise when the installation of a frame house begins: racks, beams, jibs and crossbars? You can easily start building a frame house with your own hands, the video will step by step show all the main points of installing a house.

• The locations of the racks and joints of wooden elements are measured with a tape measure and marked with a pencil.
• Carefully check the verticality of the racks, the horizon of the upper trim and the angle of the connection. The angles between posts and beams should be 90°.
• For joining frame elements, the most reliable options are used - metal staples and nails.
• The installation of a frame house is carried out from elements assembled in advance on the ground - wall templates, trusses. They are lifted, installed, temporarily supported by oblique beams and then fixed with connecting elements.

Installation of walls in a frame house

Step by step construction frame house, the wall frame assembly technology is as follows:

1. Install the bottom trim.
2. The frame of each wall is assembled separately (lower, upper and vertical elements) - the so-called wall template. After the assembled template is completely lifted and installed on the lower harness.
3. A second upper trim is laid on top of the wall templates, on which the rafters for the roof are then placed.

On a note

It will take three people to lift the 6 m long wall template. The three of us to raise such a template is quite realistic. Longer walls are assembled from several templates and their joints are connected with special threaded connections.

The assembly of a frame house, photos and videos demonstrate the progress of construction operations - the assembly of the template and its installation in the place of the future wall.

jib

In some schemes for mounting a frame house, not only vertical and horizontal frame elements are used, but also inclined ones - the so-called jibs. They enhance the strength of the frame structure. They are made from boards 150-50 mm or 100-50 mm.

The correct location of the jibs

Rigel

Rigil is a horizontal board, which is attached next to the top trim board. The crossbar is attached to the template during the assembly process on the ground. For crossbars, wooden boards with a thickness of 50 mm or more are used.

Crossbar in the entire wall of a frame house

A crossbar is also called a horizontal support between sloping roof trusses. In general, a crossbar is any beam that works in compression.

corners

The corners of the frame bear the maximum load. Therefore, they are assembled from two or three support boards.

Options for fixing the corners of the frame wall

Internal walls

The frame of the inner walls is assembled from wall templates in the same way as the outer walls. Internal piers do not carry a large load, and therefore may be of a smaller cross section.

The main requirement for interior walls is sound insulation. Therefore, their thickness should ensure the installation of soundproofing material during the subsequent arrangement of walls and their insulation.

Windows and doors

After assembling the frame, windows and doors are installed in the openings provided for by the scheme. This work is easier to order from the manufacturer - along with installation in a window opening. As for the doors, their box can be successfully assembled independently from wooden boards 25-30 mm thick.

Instructions for proper insulation

The frame house is being built step by step, and now it is necessary to deal with the insulation of the house. High-quality insulation provides the ability to maintain a comfortable temperature in the winter, and also determines your future costs for paying for winter heating. Therefore, it is better to overdo it and insulate the frame house with your own hands well than to save money and insufficiently insulate the walls of the building. What is used for insulation:

• Mineral wool in the form of pressed mats – best option frame structure insulation. It allows air to pass through, provides air exchange, limits heat loss due to the fact that it does not conduct heat from the house to the street, does not cake and does not lose its properties over time. During installation, it shrinks a little and then straightens out, which ensures the absence of assembly seams, slots, through which heat losses also usually occur.

Wall insulation with mineral wool

• Styrofoam- rigid polyurethane foam boards. They have one advantage over mineral wool mats - they are cheaper in price. In all other respects they are inferior to cotton insulation. They do not shrink during installation and leave small gaps that must be blown out with foam. They do not let air through and do not provide air exchange. They require the construction of exhaust ventilation, with permanent residence in a residential building.

Since thermal insulation with mineral wool mats has clear advantages, let's turn to this technology.

• Mineral wool- Moisture-wicking material. Therefore, when installed inside the wall, it is closed from the outside with a special film. This film must be made of a membrane that will not stop air exchange. That is, the structure of the membrane must pass wet steam only on one side, i.e. keep moisture out of atmospheric air and release from within.

On a note

The use of polyethylene instead of a membrane negates the effort of building a "breathable" house wall. With the same success, you can insulate the wall with airtight foam.

• An external finishing material can also block the removal of moisture. Therefore, an air gap is provided between the membrane and the outer plates - a void or a layer of air with a thickness of 50 mm. Through it, that humid air that has accumulated in the frame wall will come out. For the construction of such a gap, a wooden crate is used - wooden planks 50x50 mm wide. They are mounted along the supports on top of the insulation. After that, the panels of the outer wall are attached to the crate.

step by step finishing

After mounting the walls, proceed to the interior wall decoration. The basis for finishing are panels of wall material, which were installed during the installation of the wall from the inside of the frame. The following materials are used as internal walls:

• Drywall GKL - is a natural material, environmentally friendly, with an absolutely flat surface that does not need to be plastered and leveled in any way. It is necessary to close up with putty only the joints between adjacent drywall slabs.

Wall decoration with plasterboard.

• Gypsum-fiber boards GVL - a variant of a plasterboard wall with higher strength indicators.
• OSB - wood-based material, chips connected with synthetic glue. It has lesser degree environmental safety. In addition, it has a rough surface, requires plastering and puttying.

So, the sequence of operations when performing wall decoration is as follows:

• 1. Installation of an internal wall (GKL or OSB wall panels).
  2. Seal joints between panels. If it is drywall, then puttying and gluing the joints with paper tape. If OSB - then plastering the surface of the wood board.
  3. Primer for the appropriate wall finish. For wallpapering - primer with glue. For painting - primer for paint.
  4. Direct execution of wall decoration - wallpapering, painting, decorative plastering of the walls of the room.

If wall panels (MDF, cork) are used as wall decoration, then they turn to another finishing technology. They do not make a draft wall, but immediately mount the interior finishing material.

Finally, we offer you an interesting training video about building a frame house with your own hands (a video with a phased demonstration of technological operations).

It is important that the result is of high quality. If I build a frame house with my own hands, then I do everything reliably and correctly.

The technology of construction of rapidly erected buildings is very popular. This topic is constantly discussed on construction forums and causes a lot of controversy. The pros and cons of frame houses will help to form a general idea of ​​​​the method, to get acquainted with the stages of construction of objects.

Based on the experience of European countries, there is no doubt that soon frame-panel houses will become leaders in low-rise construction. Compared to traditional building systems, the technology has its advantages, the main of which is economy. The financial aspect is one of the stimulating factors for acquiring your own housing. The cost of 1 sq. m less than one and a half times foam concrete blocks, 2.4 times less than brick walls, 1.4 times less than timber.

The frame-panel constructor is assembled by the efforts of 4 people in 1.5 months. According to this principle, it is permissible to build an object of any complexity up to 3 floors. In addition, building a frame house with your own hands will save on the foundation, equipment, and a team of workers.

The disadvantages include:

1. Moisture absorption.
2. Risk of fire.
3. Bad ventilation.
4. Sensitivity to vibration.
5. fragility.

There was an erroneous opinion that only brick, panel or wooden walls hold heat well. However, according to the current thermal protection standards, modern buildings in some regions do not meet standard requirements. Canadian houses with walls of 150 mm in terms of thermal protection coefficient are equivalent to double block masonry and are quite suitable for habitation. In the cold, when the heating is turned off, the normal temperature is kept in the rooms for a long time.

Temporary or permanent residence determines the thickness of the frame house. If housing is planned for a seasonal stay, there is no need to purchase expensive insulation. Accordingly, the thickness of the walls will be somewhat less. For a comfortable microclimate, a substrate of 10-15 cm is enough. If we are talking about permanent housing, the material is laid in a thick layer - more than 15 cm. In the end, the wall is 20 cm without taking into account the outer and inner skins.

How to correctly calculate the thickness of the frame house

For this purpose, there is a special table with indicators for each region. Insert into the formula:

• insulation thickness parameters;
• thermal conductivity coefficient of the material;
• calculate the parameter.

You can make calculations yourself using our construction calculators.

When ordering a house kit at the factory, calculations are performed on the spot, and plates with an increased margin of safety are offered to the customer. Many people think that if they are thick, the insulation does not need to be laid. This is a misconception - without a quality substrate, the cost of a heating resource increases significantly. The walls of the frame building should resemble a layer cake. Thanks to the air cushion between them, even in cold weather, the house remains warm.

Do-it-yourself frame house is built using Finnish or Canadian technologies. The process algorithm is the same, and consists of several stages:

1. Purchases of materials.
2. Foundation pours.
3. The lower binding of the foundation.
4. Building walls, roofs.
5. Installation of windows and doors.
6. Wall cladding and insulation.
7. Interior decoration.

In order to avoid heat loss and ensure good ventilation, it is important to adhere to an adapted technology during the construction of the facility.

How to build a frame house: pouring the foundation

The prefabricated structure is light, so it makes no sense to build a powerful base. Depending on the type of soil and the number of storeys of the building, choose between:

• columnar;

How to make harness and lags

Next, mount the transverse logs. Boards with a section of 150 x 50 mm, turned on their sides, with a step of 40 cm with oblique nails of 9 cm, are nailed to the end and lower beam on the left and right. If they are long, but a transverse beam is laid, jumpers 45 cm long are stuffed on top.

flooring

After the installation of the crate between the cells, a waterproofing film is laid, and a heater is placed on it. The budget option is expanded polystyrene from 15 kg / m3 with a thickness of 150 mm. The insulation is cut with a hacksaw, laid in 2 layers. The material is distributed so that the edges of the canvases of the second row do not coincide with the first, otherwise the sheets will move. To fix the foam at the bottom of the lattice around the perimeter, a cutting beam of 50 x 50 mm is stuffed. The seams are blown with mounting foam.

The material is covered with a vapor barrier membrane, then the flooring is constructed. For the subfloor choose plywood, grooved boards or cheap OSB-3 boards. Cloths are covered across the lattice. For reliability, the sheets are placed in a checkerboard pattern or perpendicular to the lags.

The flooring is fixed to the logs with 50 mm self-tapping screws or nailed nails. First, glue is applied to the back of the sheets, then they are nailed every 15 cm along the edge and in 30 cm increments in the middle. Between the segments on all sides leave a gap of 3 mm.

Now for the construction of walls you need a frame: wooden or steel. A popular solution is oak timber, larch or other wood with a dense structure. Such designs are cheaper than metal counterparts by a third. Prior to installation, they are planed, treated with impregnations from fire, decay, and pests.

Installation of vertical racks

How to build a frame house in order to live in it for a long time without repair? Follow the sequence of stages and take into account all construction nuances. First of all, it concerns the fastening of parts. When erecting the skeleton, corner posts are first installed. If dowels are selected for the connection, they recede from the edges up to 10 cm, holes are made at the end 1 cm longer than the dowel length, and the beam is vertically fixed.

Now choose the method of fastening the intermediate longitudinal racks. The first is fixation to the harness with a partial or full cut, or connection with galvanized corners. The second method is simpler and more reliable, although it increases the cost of the project.

The principle of installing the upper bars is similar to the installation of the lower trim. Horizontal structures are joined in the corners with vertical posts, connected with 2 nails and corners.

How to build walls

How to make a frame house: first assemble the spans on the ground, then raise it up or assemble it on the spot? Usually they are ready-made attached to the lower base. The first span is nailed to the floor and supported with jibs, the second is connected to the post of the first, and so on along the perimeter.

Regardless of the principle of connecting the racks, they are strengthened with temporary braces. This strengthens the lower trim until the installation of permanent supports, which give the frame rigidity and resistance to wind loads. After installation of all structures:

• the backbone is measured with a plumb line and level;
• temporary supports are removed;
• 2 strips are screwed to each support at the top and bottom.

Windows, doors

Door and window openings are installed in places according to the project. First, racks are fixed on the sides of the niches, then jumpers at the top and bottom. Internal partitions are mounted in the same way as the frame, tied with boards for rigidity.

Ceiling

The process consists of several stages:

1. Grooves for beams are cut in the beam.
2. Transverse structures are inserted into the openings, nailed, steel corners are screwed.
3. Inside, supports are installed along the partitions, connected to the upper and lower bars.
4. A ceiling shield is laid from tongue-and-groove boards.
5. A vapor barrier layer is laid, a heater and a waterproofing membrane are laid on top.
6. Build a rough floor.

Roof

For the device, choose: a mansard, multi-gable, single-pitched or multi-pitched roof with a slope of 10 °. To calculate the rafters and step lathing, construction tables or ours are used.

1. The rafters are assembled from the bottom of the timber. To do this, 2 boards are spliced ​​together at the top at an angle, then lifted into place.
2. First, rafter pairs are installed on gables with an overhang of 400-500 mm.
3. The slope of the ramp is adjusted, the structures are mounted to the upper harness.
4. The remaining parts of the system are installed in increments of 700 mm.
5. Then they are integrated with a ridge bar, which serves as a support for the upper rafters, and the paws are fixed to the floor.
6. They build a solid or rare crate with a section of 25 x 30 cm, fix it on the rafters with side counters. The step of the bars is the same as that of the rafters.

To inside rafter legs with a stapler fasten the vapor barrier membrane. The joints are sealed with adhesive tape, the space between the bars is filled with heat-insulating plates, then with a diffuse film. At the final stage, the roof is laid. The process algorithm is clearly shown in the picture.

Wall insulation

Choose a protective material with a thickness of 50 mm: expanded polystyrene, mineral wool or polystyrene.

1. Lay mats between the vertical racks of the skeleton. With double flooring, the joints of the canvases should not coincide. To protect against moisture from the outside, waterproofing is laid.
2. Then a crate is stuffed from thin laths corresponding to the thickness of the insulation. This will ensure air movement.
3. From the side of the rooms, the vapor barrier is stretched, fixed with a stapler. The walls are lined with thick plywood, gypsum fiber sheets or clapboard. The base for finishing with drywall is ready.
4. Outside, the walls are sheathed with finishing material: block house, siding, eurolining.

It remains to ennoble the house inside and celebrate the housewarming. There are a lot of nuances in the construction of prefabricated frame-panel houses. Experience and knowledge will come along the way.

Full video how to build a frame house

Turnkey frame houses - many offer construction organizations, but what is a prefabricated structure? The future owner of a low-rise building would like to know in more detail the pros and cons of a frame house. We will try to gradually determine the effectiveness of the construction and identify shortcomings. We will understand the applied heat-insulating materials and construction technology.

AT last years residential building called frame house" is becoming more and more popular. Installation organizations have in their arsenal standard projects of frame houses, and also offer individual development. At present, there is no perfect construction technology that would be superior to others and would not itself have obvious shortcomings.

However, according to statistics, most often they build houses from a frame. In the domestic (and not only) construction market, the obvious advantages could ensure demand for frame houses, even despite some minor drawbacks.

Quickly built houses are attracted by the fact that on a ready-made basis it is possible to build in record time. Only two people, having a frame house project in their arsenal, are able to independently build a frame house in about a month. Given the fact that it will be built by inexperienced builders.

Do-it-yourself frame house without lifting mechanisms

And all thanks step by step assembly- repetition of simple actions. Only one thing is important - to know how to properly assemble each of the nodes. With instructions and an understanding of the principle of construction, anyone can assemble a house from a frame.

Construction frame house also attracts with its cheapness. The specific amount depends on the size of the house and the building materials used (types of wood and finishes). One way or another, this option is rightfully considered one of the affordable and financially budgetary ones.

What are frame houses?

Frame houses are a special type of construction, where all load-bearing parts are closely interconnected. This kind of construction of low-rise buildings has gained great popularity in America, Germany and the countries of the East.

It is noteworthy that in the cities of Germany, frame buildings began to be built nine centuries ago. To date, some details have undergone many changes, but the basic principle of operation has remained the same as centuries ago.

At the very beginning, the main structure is built from a bar, which is gradually filled with heat-insulating materials and sheathed with protective elements.

Technology and construction of frame houses

The basic principle of the technology for the construction of frame buildings is a stable frame and fillers with a low price and thermal conductivity. Basically, such a structure is made of wood or metal.

Accordingly, beams, boards or zinc-coated steel are used for this. And to sheathe the walls, they usually take oriented or

Used thermal insulation components:

• wood fiber wool;
• polyurethane foam;
• Cellulose ecowool.

Typical, multilayer scheme for the insulation of frame houses

The most common option for builders of private houses in the Russian Federation is basalt. It has a lot of advantages, including:

• Long service life;
• incombustibility;
• Excellent sound insulation;
• Moisture repellency.

"Silver medal" honestly deserved. It is used for the production of sandwich panels, for the construction of frame-panel houses using Western technology. The top three is closed by eco-friendly cotton wool made from cellulose.

There are only three methods for the construction of low-rise buildings:

• . The factory produces panels of the same type, consisting of a pair of sheets of oriented strand boards and a layer of expanded polystyrene between these panels. Shields are cut out already at the site of the proposed construction. Houses made of sip panels often become an alternative, displacing frame-panel houses.

• . OSB is cut into panels of the required size at the factory. Already at the place of construction, they are sewn onto the frame and insulation is carried out.

• German. Frame-panel houses are made up of panels prepared at the factory. They are brought to the construction site already with glazed window frames and ready-made door panels.

The first couple of options can completely do without unnecessary equipment - several people can handle them. As for the assembly of the building from huge shields, here you will already have to involve a crane.

Panel house on a screw foundation

Frame house insulation

As for the internal arrangement of the walls, frame houses are panel or frame. The first type is a kind of constructor, made of parts made up in production, which you just need to assemble into a single whole. Frame frame houses involve the installation of a skeleton made of metal or wooden profiles, as well as cladding and thermal insulation.

Frame houses are subject to mandatory insulation

Using the latest technology allows you to fully control the quality of materials and the entire assembly process. Each of the stages. In contrast, the construction of panel houses takes much less time. The only thing worth carefully monitoring is the quality of the purchased shields.

The walls of typical private houses consist of many layers, including:

• OSB or DSP boards on both sides;
• A special lattice that forms;

The frame with internal insulation can be single or paired. In areas with a mild climate or for a summer residence that is not intended for permanent residence, the first option is fine.

The thickness of such walls is up to ten centimeters. In areas with cold winters, it will be better to get thick walls - fifteen centimeters or thicker.

SIPs are filled with polystyrene foam, and at the ends - bars. Their presence will allow in the construction process to do without such a powerful foundation. Partially, the load is taken by SIP shields.

The main advantages and disadvantages of low-rise frame houses

Currently, frame buildings are very popular, and all thanks to the short construction period, robust design and relatively low costs for building materials. Nevertheless, frame houses include the pros and cons of which the owners' reviews tell.

frame house on stilts - photo of staged construction

Such a house, with a great desire and the presence of the necessary skills, can even be built independently. Of course, all these undeniable advantages inspire many enthusiasts to lean towards this particular option of a private house.

But we must not forget that frame buildings, for all their quality, have some disadvantages that should not be ignored. Consider the advantages and disadvantages of this building in more detail.

Frame houses pluses:

1. An excellent prospect to hide and lay electrical and plumbing communications right in the walls;

2. Great pace of building construction;

3. Low level of thermal conductivity - frame houses are very warm and lose, perhaps, to a log house;

4. Finishing can be started immediately after roofing;

5. Small weight of the structure, p the building does not shrink;

6. Cheap construction work. Panel cladding of the frame will cost several times cheaper than brick walls.

7. Lack of seasonality. Frame houses can be built all year round.

8. Improved wall insulation. The cavity between the wooden studs provides enough space for insulation.

9. Speed ​​and budget construction. Timber-framed walls are built much faster and, in the case of complex buildings and window configurations, they are much cheaper. Among other things, laying engineering communications through the wall is much easier.

The basic advantage of this design lies in the overall lightness of the whole house. This, in turn, allows in most cases to carry out construction work without the availability of special equipment.

the frame house is indistinguishable from ordinary buildings and is suitable for year-round use

Frame houses do not require a massive foundation, there is no need to lay it as deep as under a brick house. In this ratio, only aerated concrete blocks compete with frame houses sheathed with insulated wooden panels.

Frame houses cons

Now about the disadvantages of frame houses. Although they are relatively few, they are still worth mentioning:

• The project proposal must necessarily come from organizations with extensive experience. Otherwise, you can not even think about the durability and strength of the frame, which is the "skeleton" of your home;

• If the house is not forced ventilation, be prepared for the fact that the room will be quite stuffy;

• Expanded polystyrene, like polyurethane foam, are not environmentally friendly materials;

• Lumber is flammable and this is also worth considering;

• Frame buildings are much less resistant to snowstorms and strong winds than concrete. Wood frames, like concrete structures, must be tested to the same sustainability building code standards. And yet buildings made of wood are lighter.

• You will often have to deal with termite and ant attacks, because they have a much higher wood content. Prevention in the form of special traps, baits and antiseptics will help protect your building from pests.

• A frame house is not as resistant to water penetration. The outer layer of a wooden frame building is covered with a moisture-resistant shield, which carefully hides all openings. But if water penetrates a wall made of wood, it will cause much more damage to it than a wall made of concrete or brickwork.

Video review - the pros and cons of a frame house:

If we talk about the fire safety of wood, this can only apply to untreated frames. If the wood is impregnated with a special substance, it will be too tough for fire.

In most cases, all the disadvantages of frame buildings are attributed, mainly due to the gross errors of the builders. Or because of inexperience in the details of construction technology. There are even far-fetched ones among such minuses.

The main problem that residents of frame houses face every now and then is stuffy rooms. The walls of such a house, indeed, almost do not let air through. On the one hand, this is a significant savings on heating. On the other hand, the need to install forced ventilation.

The main threat to the frame building is called:

• wood rot;
• termites;
• Hurricanes.

In the last few decades, fires have also been added to them. Including cases when the fire happened in the forest, not far from residential buildings.

Modern technology in the construction of frame buildings

The technique of erecting frame structures allows you to build a house in the shortest possible time, with a relatively small estimate. If you build the same house from concrete, beams or brickwork, the same building will end up being an order of magnitude more expensive. But you can live in such a private house for up to a hundred years!

frame panel houses construction technology

On the other hand, a lot here may depend on the details, among which are the quality of the material and the climatic conditions in the construction area.

It is worth remembering that the main danger for a frame house is water. No matter how hard you try to protect the wood from water, doing it 100% will not work.

photo of frame houses using Canadian technology from sip panels

Advanced frame houses are always the best engineering design. It fully meets the intended goal of reducing the amount of lumber used and generates the least amount of waste during construction.

wood frame house

Modern construction methods that use frame houses improve energy efficiency by replacing lumber with insulation while maintaining the structural integrity of the house.

Insulation of a frame house made by technology improves the thermal conductivity value by reducing the thermal bridge through the framing and maximizing the insulated wall area.

Features of frame houses leave their mark on the production of construction work. One of the characteristics of buildings is their weight. Among all structures, frame houses have a minimum weight, which greatly simplifies its installation. Below you can find an exemplary technology for building a frame house with your own hands (See). Photo and video materials will more accurately highlight some points.

Foundation construction

One of the simplest and cheapest options for the base under the frame private house is construction column foundation. Such a foundation consists of several supports along the outer contour of the building.

The main supports are installed at the corners of buildings, at the intersections of walls and under load-bearing walls. Intermediate supports are installed between the main supports at a distance of 1.5 - 2.5 meters from each other. The depth of laying the supports depends on the characteristics of the soil and the depth of freezing. Usually the depth does not exceed one meter.

The supports of the columnar foundation are divided into:

• Block;
• Reinforced concrete;
• Rubble.

Before starting the construction of the foundation, it is necessary to perform a number of preparatory work:

1. Along the contour of the future house with a margin of 2 m, you need to remove the sod and level the area;
2. In the places of future supports, pits are dug with vertical walls and a depth of 0.2 - 0.3 meters deeper than the occurrence of the supports. (In loose soil, digging holes with slopes is allowed, provided that the walls are fixed with temporary formwork)
3. The bottom of the pits is covered with a layer of gravel or coarse sand and carefully compacted.

Before mounting the supports, the sand cushion must be covered with a waterproofing layer. Otherwise, when pouring concrete into dry soil, the concrete mixture will not gain the required strength.

The easiest way to make supports is by pouring the concrete mixture into the prepared formwork. In dense soil, formwork can only be done above ground level, and in loose soil - from the base. Reinforcement and steel bars with a diameter of 10-15 mm are placed in the prepared formwork 20 cm above the top of the supports for connection with the grillage reinforcement. The composition of the concrete mixture is classic: for 1 kg of cement grade 400, 2 kg of sand and 4 kg of crushed stone are taken.

For supports made of rubble stone, dense non-layered stones of small size are selected - so that several pieces fit in one row. The gap between the stones should be about 3 cm. Cement-sand mortar is used for masonry.

If the foundation is carried out without a grillage, then it is necessary to strictly monitor the horizontalness of the upper surfaces of all supports. The quality of the rest of the work will depend on the accuracy of execution.

The above-ground part of the supports can be made of well-burnt red brick on a cement-sand mortar.

After the installation of the supports is completed, the grillage can be poured. A grillage is a reinforced concrete tape that connects the surfaces of all supports and distributes the load between them.

When making a foundation without a grillage, anchors are installed in the upper surface of the supports.

One of the advantages of a columnar foundation is the ability to work in stages, as funds and time are available. Ready for further work at such a foundation occurs 3 weeks after the last operation with concrete. It is during this period that concrete gains its strength.

Strapping construction

Further work depends on the technology by which the house will be built. It can be Finnish, Canadian technology or SIP panels. The fastest way to build a house is from SIP panels or a frame-panel house.

The phased technology for the construction of frame houses of various types has a lot in common. In any case, the bottom trim is initially performed.

For strapping, you need a wooden beam with dimensions from 150x150 mm to 150x200 mm. The bars are laid on the foundation in such a way that the joints are strictly in the middle of the supports. The connection of the bars along the perimeter and at the corners is carried out "in half a tree".

The bars are attached to the foundation with the help of pre-walled anchors. It is important not to forget to lay several layers of waterproofing over the bud, such as roofing material.

After the strapping is completed, the logs are laid. The distance between them depends on their size and should be no more than the width of the insulation sheets that will be laid on the subfloor. The lags cut into the harness in a quarter. Bars for the subfloor are attached to the lower surface of the log, which is made of boards with a thickness of 30-40 mm.

After finishing work on the arrangement of the subfloor, you can begin to install the frame. The frame begins to be erected with the installation of corner vertical racks. Racks are attached to the bottom trim using reinforced steel corners.

Intermediate ones are installed between the corner supports. Between themselves, the supports are fastened with temporary slopes. The accuracy of the slope verticals should be as achievable as possible. The strength and durability of the finished house directly depends on this. The bars of the upper trim, as well as the bottom, are connected half a tree and fastened with nails or self-tapping screws directly to the tops of the supports. Wood is not chosen in ceiling beams. They lie completely on the upper trim and are fastened to it.

After the upper trim is made, permanent slopes are made on the corner supports. They increase the rigidity of the wall frame and allow you to withstand large wind loads. The slopes are flush with the outer planes of the racks.

Now all temporary slopes can be removed and the construction of the roof can begin.

Frame sheathing

The frame of the future house is sheathed from the inside with OSB or chipboard boards. OSB is preferable because it has higher strength. Sheathing plates are attached to the frame with self-tapping screws with a pitch of 200 mm.

The joints of the plates should be strictly in the middle of the racks.

A more durable structure will be obtained if the plates are laid not vertically, but horizontally in several rows. Vertical seams of adjacent rows should not be on the same support.

Warming

To insulate a frame house, you can use:

• Styrofoam;
• glass wool;
• Mineral (basalt) wool.

Expanded polystyrene, which has excellent heat-insulating properties, has low noise-absorbing properties and extremely low fire resistance. The best option for insulation is the use of basalt wool.

To insulate the walls between the vertical posts, waterproofing is laid, and then sheets of cotton wool. If necessary, insulation can be laid in several layers with overlapping seams. On top of the insulation lies another layer of waterproofing and then the wall is sheathed from the outside. For sheathing, you can take boards or OSB boards. It all depends on what kind of work on the finishing of external surfaces will be carried out further.

Insulation of the floor and ceiling is done in the same way. To reduce the amount of work, the top can also be sheathed with plates.

SIP panel house

Sip panels are a puff of two sheets of OSB, between which a layer of expanded polystyrene is laid. At the ends of the plates, the expanded polystyrene is slightly recessed between the outer layers for the possibility of interconnection. The panels are connected using wooden blocks with a thickness equal to the gap between the OSB boards and such a width that the fastened panels touch each other. The technology of building a house from SIP panels is the simplest of all.

The assembly of a house from SIP panels also begins with the lower strapping. Then one corner support is installed and the first panel is attached to it. On the other side of the corner, the second support is installed close to the first. From it begins the installation of the second wall. The following supports are installed on opposite sides of the SIP panels. The accuracy of the panel manufacturing makes it easy to set the corners of the building with the required accuracy.