Nazi concentration camp guards (13 photos). What was taught to women who became guards in concentration camps Torture used by the Nazis

The Auschwitz prisoners were released four months before the end of World War II. By that time there were few of them left. Almost one and a half million people died, most of them were Jews. For several years, the investigation continued, which led to terrible discoveries: people not only died in gas chambers, but also became victims of Dr. Mengele, who used them as guinea pigs.

Auschwitz: the history of one city

A small Polish town, in which more than a million innocent people were killed, is called Auschwitz all over the world. We call it Auschwitz. A concentration camp, experiments on gas chambers, torture, executions - all these words have been associated with the name of the city for more than 70 years.

It will sound rather strange in Russian Ich lebe in Auschwitz - "I live in Auschwitz." Is it possible to live in Auschwitz? They learned about the experiments on women in the concentration camp after the end of the war. Over the years, new facts have been discovered. One is scarier than the other. The truth about the camp called shocked the whole world. Research is still ongoing today. Many books have been written and many films have been made on the subject. Auschwitz has entered our symbol of a painful, difficult death.

Where did mass murders of children take place and terrible experiments were carried out on women? In Which city do millions of inhabitants on earth associate with the phrase "factory of death"? Auschwitz.

Experiments on people were carried out in a camp located near the city, which today is home to 40,000 people. It is a quiet town with a good climate. Auschwitz is first mentioned in historical documents in the twelfth century. In the XIII century there were already so many Germans here that their language began to prevail over Polish. In the 17th century, the city was captured by the Swedes. In 1918 it became Polish again. After 20 years, a camp was organized here, on the territory of which crimes took place, the likes of which mankind had not yet known.

Gas chamber or experiment

In the early forties, the answer to the question of where the Auschwitz concentration camp was located was known only to those who were doomed to death. Unless, of course, do not take into account the SS. Some of the prisoners, fortunately, survived. Later they talked about what happened within the walls of the Auschwitz concentration camp. Experiments on women and children, which were conducted by a man whose name terrified the prisoners, is a terrible truth that not everyone is ready to listen to.

The gas chamber is a terrible invention of the Nazis. But there are things even worse. Christina Zhivulskaya is one of the few who managed to get out of Auschwitz alive. In her book of memoirs, she mentions a case: a prisoner, sentenced to death by Dr. Mengel, does not go, but runs into the gas chamber. Because death from poisonous gas is not as terrible as the torment from the experiments of the same Mengele.

The creators of the "factory of death"

So what is Auschwitz? This is a camp that was originally intended for political prisoners. The author of the idea is Erich Bach-Zalewski. This man had the rank of SS Gruppenführer, during the Second World War he led punitive operations. With his light hand, dozens were sentenced to death. He took an active part in the suppression of the uprising that took place in Warsaw in 1944.

The assistants of the SS Gruppenfuehrer found a suitable place in a small Polish town. There were already military barracks here, in addition, the railway communication was well established. In 1940, a man named came here. He will be hanged at the gas chambers by the decision of the Polish court. But this will happen two years after the end of the war. And then, in 1940, Hess liked these places. He set to work with great enthusiasm.

Inhabitants of the concentration camp

This camp did not immediately become a "factory of death". At first, mainly Polish prisoners were sent here. Only a year after the camp was organized, a tradition appeared to display a serial number on the prisoner's hand. More and more Jews were brought in every month. By the end of the existence of Auschwitz, they accounted for 90% of the total number of prisoners. The number of SS men here also grew steadily. In total, the concentration camp received about six thousand overseers, punishers and other "specialists". Many of them were put on trial. Some disappeared without a trace, including Josef Mengele, whose experiments terrified the prisoners for several years.

We will not give the exact number of victims of Auschwitz here. Let's just say that more than two hundred children died in the camp. Most of them were sent to the gas chambers. Some fell into the hand of Josef Mengele. But this man was not the only one who conducted experiments on people. Another so-called doctor is Carl Clauberg.

Starting in 1943, a huge number of prisoners entered the camp. Most had to be destroyed. But the organizers of the concentration camp were practical people, and therefore decided to take advantage of the situation and use a certain part of the prisoners as material for research.

Carl Cauberg

This man supervised the experiments conducted on women. His victims were predominantly Jews and Gypsies. The experiments included the removal of organs, the testing of new drugs, and irradiation. What kind of person is Karl Cauberg? Who is he? In what family did you grow up, how was his life? And most importantly, where did the cruelty that goes beyond human understanding come from?

By the beginning of the war, Karl Cauberg was already 41 years old. In the twenties, he served as chief physician at the clinic at the University of Königsberg. Kaulberg was not a hereditary doctor. He was born into a family of artisans. Why he decided to connect his life with medicine is unknown. But there is evidence according to which, in the First World War, he served as an infantryman. Then he graduated from the University of Hamburg. Apparently, medicine fascinated him so much that he refused a military career. But Kaulberg was not interested in medicine, but in research. In the early forties, he began to search for the most practical way to sterilize women who did not belong to the Aryan race. For experiments, he was transferred to Auschwitz.

Kaulberg's experiments

The experiments consisted in the introduction of a special solution into the uterus, which led to serious violations. After the experiment, the reproductive organs were removed and sent to Berlin for further research. There is no data on exactly how many women became victims of this "scientist". After the end of the war, he was captured, but soon, just seven years later, oddly enough, he was released according to an agreement on the exchange of prisoners of war. Returning to Germany, Kaulberg did not suffer from remorse at all. On the contrary, he was proud of his "achievements in science." As a result, complaints began to come in from people who had suffered from Nazism. He was arrested again in 1955. He spent even less time in prison this time. He died two years after his arrest.

Josef Mengele

The prisoners called this man "the angel of death". Josef Mengele personally met the trains with new prisoners and conducted the selection. Some went to the gas chambers. Others are at work. The third he used in his experiments. One of the prisoners of Auschwitz described this man as follows: "Tall, with a pleasant appearance, like a movie actor." He never raised his voice, he spoke politely - and this terrified the prisoners in particular.

From the biography of the Angel of Death

Josef Mengele was the son of a German entrepreneur. After graduating from high school, he studied medicine and anthropology. In the early thirties, he joined the Nazi organization, but soon, for health reasons, left it. In 1932, Mengele joined the SS. During the war he served in the medical troops and even received the Iron Cross for bravery, but was wounded and declared unfit for service. Mengele spent several months in the hospital. After recovery, he was sent to Auschwitz, where he launched his scientific activities.

Selection

Selecting victims for experiments was Mengele's favorite pastime. The doctor only needed one look at the prisoner in order to determine the state of his health. He sent most of the prisoners to the gas chambers. And only a few captives managed to delay death. It was hard to deal with those in whom Mengele saw "guinea pigs."

Most likely, this person suffered from an extreme form of mental disorder. He even enjoyed the thought that he had a huge number of human lives in his hands. That is why he was always next to the arriving train. Even when it was not required of him. His criminal actions were guided not only by the desire for scientific research, but also by the desire to rule. Just one word of his was enough to send tens or hundreds of people to the gas chambers. Those that were sent to the laboratories became the material for experiments. But what was the purpose of these experiments?

An invincible faith in the Aryan utopia, obvious mental deviations - these are the components of the personality of Josef Mengele. All his experiments were aimed at creating a new tool that could stop the reproduction of representatives of objectionable peoples. Mengele not only equated himself with God, he placed himself above him.

Josef Mengele's experiments

The angel of death dissected babies, castrated boys and men. He performed operations without anesthesia. Experiments on women consisted of high voltage shocks. He conducted these experiments in order to test endurance. Mengele once sterilized several Polish nuns with X-rays. But the main passion of the "doctor of death" was experiments on twins and people with physical defects.

To each his own

On the gates of Auschwitz was written: Arbeit macht frei, which means "work sets you free." The words Jedem das Seine were also present here. Translated into Russian - "To each his own." On the gates of Auschwitz, at the entrance to the camp, in which more than a million people died, a saying of the ancient Greek sages appeared. The principle of justice was used by the SS as the motto of the most cruel idea in the history of mankind.

Lenin pushed tens of millions of people in a bloody battle, opened the Solovetsky special purpose camp and contributed to the massacres. Saint?.." - asks Andrey Kharitonov in the newspaper "Kuranty" (Moscow, 04/02/1997).

Laudatory Soviet words, but in practice?
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"The careful isolation of ideological opponents, touchingly proclaimed by the Soviet government, very successfully reaches and sometimes even exceeds the" pre-war norms "- tsarist hard labor. Having set itself the same goal - the destruction of the socialists, and not daring to do this openly, the Soviet government is trying to give its hard labor a decent look Giving something on paper, in reality they are depriving everything: but for what we have, we paid a terrible price ... if in terms of the shortness of time, quantitatively, you have not yet caught up with hard labor, then qualitatively even with a surplus. Yakut history and Romanovskaya and all others turn pale with it. In the past, we did not know the beating of pregnant women - the beating of Kozeltseva ended in a miscarriage ... "( E. Ivanova. Application to the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR. 07/12/1926. CA FSB RF. H-1789. T. 59. L. 253v. Cit. on. Book. Morozov K. Trial of Socialist-Revolutionaries and Prison Confrontation (1922-1926): Ethics and Tactics of Confrontation. M.: ROSSPEN. 736c. 2005.)

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"I remember this incident. In 1929, on Solovetsky Island, I worked at an agricultural camp. And then one day mothers were driven past us. So in Solovki they called women who gave birth to a child there. On the way, one of the mothers fell ill, and since it was evening, the convoy decided to spend the night at our campsite. They put these mothers in the bath. No bed was provided. These women and their children were terrible to look at; thin, in tattered dirty clothes, looking hungry all over. I say to the criminal Grisha, who worked there as a cattleman:
- Listen, Grisha, you work next to the milkmaids. Go and get some milk from them, and I'll go to the guys and ask what anyone has from food.

While I was going around the barracks, Grigory brought young. The women fed their babies to them. They thanked us heartily for milk and bread. We gave the guard two packs of makhorka for allowing us to do a good deed. Then we learned that these women and their children, who were taken to the island of Anzer, all died there. What kind of monster do you have to be to do this arbitrariness. ( Zinkovshchuk Andrey. Prisoners of the Solovetsky camps. Chelyabinsk. Newspaper. 1993. 47 p.) http://www.solovki.ca/camp_20/woman.php

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Professor I.S.: Bolshevism in the Light of Psychopathology

In July 1930, one prisoner, assistant professor of geology D., was brought to Solovki and immediately placed in the neuro-psychiatric department under observation. During my tour of the department, he suddenly attacked me and tore my dressing gown. His face, highly inspired, handsome, with an expression of deep sorrow, seemed to me so sympathetic that I spoke to him affably, despite his excitement. When he learned that I was an ordinary prisoner doctor, and not a "genius doctor," he began to beg my forgiveness with tears. I called him into my doctor's office and talked heart to heart.

"I don't know if I'm healthy or crazy?" he said to himself

During the study, I became convinced that he was mentally healthy, but, having endured a lot of moral torture, he gave the so-called "hysterical reactions." It would be hard not to give such reactions after what he endured. His wife sacrificed her feminine honor to save her husband, but was grossly deceived. His brother, who raised a story about this, was arrested and shot. D. himself, accused of "economic counter-revolution", was interrogated for a whole week by a conveyor of investigators who did not let him sleep. Then he spent about two years in solitary confinement, and the last months in "death row".

“My investigator shot himself,” D. finished his story, “and after a ten-month trial with Professor Orshansky, they sentenced me to 10 years in a concentration camp and sent me to Solovki with an order to keep me in a psycho-isolator, until further notice”...

Of D.'s many stories, I remember one most vividly - about a widowed priest (who died in a prison hospital), whom some fanatical investigator forced to renounce Christ (!), Torturing children in front of him - ten- and thirteen-year-old boys. The priest did not renounce, but prayed intensely. And when at the very beginning of the torture (their hands were twisted!) Both children fainted and were carried away - he decided that they had died, and thanked God!

After listening to this story in 1930, I thought that the torture of children and torture by children is an isolated case, an exception ... But later I became convinced that such torture exists in the USSR. In 1931, I had to sit in the same cell with professor-economist V., who was subjected to "torture by children."

But the most terrible case of such torture became known to me in 1933.

A stout, simple woman of 50 years old brought to me struck me with her gaze: her eyes were full of horror, and her face was stone.

When we were alone, she suddenly says, slowly, monotonously, as if absent in her soul: “I'm not crazy. I was a party member, and now I don’t want to be in the party anymore! And she talked about what she had to endure recently. As the warden of the women's detention center, she overheard the conversation of two investigators, of whom one boasted that he could make any prisoner say and do whatever he wanted. As proof of his "omnipotence," he told how he won the "bet" by forcing one mother to break her own one-year-old child's finger.

The secret was that he broke the fingers of another, her 10-year-old child, promising to stop this torture if the mother breaks only one little finger to a one-year-old baby. The mother was tied to a hook on the wall. When her 10-year-old son screamed - "Oh, mommy, I can't" - she could not stand it and broke. And then she went crazy. And she killed her little child. She grabbed the legs and hit the stone wall with her head ...

“So, as soon as I heard this,” the warden finished her story, “I poured boiling water on my head ... After all, I am also a mother. And I have children. And also 10 years and 1 year old "..." ( Professor I.S. Bolshevism in the light of psychopathology. Magazine "Renaissance". Literary and political notebooks. Ed. S.P. Melgunov. Ed. "La Renaissance". Paris. T.6, 11-12.1949.) http://www.solovki.ca/camp_20/prof_is.php

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Coercion to cohabit

When harassment encounters resistance, security officers do not hesitate to take revenge on their victims. At the end of 1924, a very attractive girl was sent to Solovki - a Polish girl of about seventeen. She, along with her parents, was sentenced to death for "spying for Poland." The parents were shot. And the girl, since she did not reach the age of majority, the capital punishment was replaced by exile to Solovki for ten years.

The girl had the misfortune to attract Toropov's attention. But she had the courage to refuse his disgusting advances. In retaliation, Toropov ordered her to be brought to the commandant's office and, putting forward a false version of "concealing counter-revolutionary documents", stripped naked and in the presence of the entire camp guard carefully felt the body in those places where, as it seemed to him, it was best to hide the documents.

On one of the February days, a very drunk Chekist Popov appeared in the women's barracks, accompanied by several other Chekists (also drunk). He unceremoniously climbed into bed with Madame X, a lady belonging to the highest circles of society, exiled to Solovki for a period of ten years after the execution of her husband. Popov dragged her out of bed with the words: "Would you like to take a walk behind the wire with us?" For women it meant being raped. Madame X, was delirious until the next morning.

Uneducated and semi-educated women from the counter-revolutionary environment were mercilessly exploited by the Chekists. Particularly deplorable is the fate of the Cossacks, whose husbands, fathers and brothers were shot, and they themselves were exiled. (Malsagov Sozerko. Hell Islands: Owl. prison in the Far North: Per. from English. - Alma-Ata: Alma-at. Phil. press agency "NB-Press", 127 p. 1991)
The position of women is truly desperate. They are even more deprived of rights than men, and almost everyone, regardless of their origin, upbringing, habits, is forced to quickly sink. One is entirely at the mercy of the administration, which collects tribute "in kind"... Women give themselves up for rations of bread. In this regard, the terrible spread of venereal diseases, along with scurvy and tuberculosis. " (Melgunov Sergey. "Red Terror" in Russia 1918-1923. 2nd edition supplemented. Berlin. 1924)
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Sexual abuse of women ELEPHANT

The Solovetsky "Detcolony" was officially called the "Correctional labor colony for offenders of younger ages from 25 years old". In this "detcolony" a "childish offense" was registered - the gang rape of teenage girls (1929).

“Once I had to be present at the forensic autopsy of the corpse of one of the prisoners, taken out of the water, with her hands tied and a stone around her neck. The case turned out to be top secret: a gang rape and murder committed by prisoners of the VOKhR shooters (military guards, where prisoners were recruited, previously, at large, who worked in the punitive organs of the GPU) under the leadership of their Chekist chief. I had to "talk" with this monster. He turned out to be a hysterical sadist, a former head of the prison."
(Professor I.S. Bolshevism in the light of psychopathology. Magazine "Renaissance". No. 9. Paris. 1949. Cited. by public Boris Kamov. Zh. "Spy", 1993. Issue 1. Moscow, 1993. P.81-89 - The events told by Professor I.S. took place in the city of Lodeynoye Pole, where the head office of the Svir camps was located - parts of the camps as part of the White Sea-Baltic ITL and SLON. As an expert psychiatrist, Prof. I.S. repeatedly conducted examinations of employees and prisoners of these camps ...)

Women in Calvary Skete

"Women! Where are the contrasts brighter (so beloved by me!) Than on our thoughtful islands? Women in the Skete of Golgotha!

Their faces are a mirror of Moscow night streets. The saffron color of their cheeks is the vague light of brothels, their dull, indifferent eyes are the windows of haz and raspberries. They came here from Sly, from Ragged, from Tsvetnoy. The stinking breath of these cesspools of a huge city is still alive in them. They still contort their faces in a friendly-coquettish smile and with a voluptuous-inviting flair pass by you. Their heads are tied with scarves. At the temples with disarming coquettishness, there are peysik curls, remnants of cropped hair. Their lips are scarlet. A gloomy clerk will tell you about this alosti, locking the red ink with a padlock. They are laughing. They are carefree. Greenery all around, the sea like fiery pearls, semi-precious fabrics in the sky. They are laughing. They are carefree. For why care for them, the poor daughters of a pitiless big city?

On the slope of the mountain graveyard. Under the brown crosses and slabs are hermits. On the crosses is a skull and two bones. Zvibelfish. On an island in Anzère. Magazine "Solovki Islands", No. 7, 07.1926. C.3-9). http://www.solovki.ca/camp_20/woman_moral.php

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"Sanitation and hygiene"

"... among the rubbish of the burnt stone, the so-called "centre-kitchen" is placed, in which "dinners" are cooked for prisoners ... Approaching the "centre-kitchen" it is necessary to pinch your nose with your fingers, such a stench and stench constantly comes from this Worthy of perpetuation is the fact that next to the "centre-kitchen", in the same ruins of the burned-out "priest's building", the criminal element of the prisoners set up a lavatory, which - quite officially - is called the "central toilet". Prisoners, who lose their human appearance in Solovki, are not disturbed by such a neighborhood ... Further, next to the "center-toilet", the so-called "kapterka" is placed - a food warehouse" (A. Klinger. Solovetsky penal servitude. Notes of a fugitive. Book. "Archive of Russian revolutions". Publishing house of G.V. Gessen. XIX. Berlin. 1928.)
“Intellectual prisoners avoid going to the common bathhouse, because it is a breeding ground for lice and contagious diseases. the grave of all Solovki prisoners." (A. Klinger. Solovetsky penal servitude. Notes of a fugitive. Book. "Archive of Russian revolutions". Publishing house of G.V. Gessen. XIX. Berlin. 1928.)

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"The very fact of the existence of cannibals in the USSR infuriated the Communist Party more than the appearance of the Holodomor. Cannibals were diligently sought out in the villages and often destroyed on the spot. Intimidated and exhausted peasants themselves used to point at each other, without sufficient evidence. Cannibals or those accused of cannibalism are not they were judged and not taken anywhere, but taken out of the village and finished there. First of all, this concerned men - they were not spared under any circumstances. " Yaroslav Tinchenko. "Kievskiye Vedomosti", Kyiv, 09/13/2000.

Leninism in action: in Russia there is cannibalism, and farmers in Germany feed pigs with grain...

(Notes of the Solovetsky Prisoner)

"Boreysha first heard this springy word" dumping ". He then went to a familiar leading comrade for clarification, and he explained:" For industrialization, a currency is needed. At any cost. Therefore, we export products to Europe. Cheap. Then we will become strong - everything from them "We'll pull it back. Without victims, the world revolution cannot be done."

Pavel felt better, but then he was sent with an propaganda team to raid the villages. He not only saw abandoned huts and corpses on the roads, but also a collective farmer, distraught with hunger, who ate her two-year-old child.

These photographs show the life and martyrdom of Nazi concentration camp prisoners. Some of these photos can be traumatic. Therefore, we ask children and mentally unstable people to refrain from viewing these photos.

Liberated prisoners of the Austrian concentration camp in the American military hospital.

Clothing of concentration camp prisoners abandoned after liberation in April 1945/

American soldiers inspect the site of the mass execution of 250 Polish and French prisoners at a concentration camp near Leipzig on April 19, 1945.

A Ukrainian girl released from a concentration camp in Salzburg, Austria, cooks food on a small stove.

Prisoners of the Flossenburg death camp after being liberated by the US 97th Infantry Division in May 1945. The emaciated prisoner in the center - a 23-year-old Czech - is ill with dysentery.

Ampfing concentration camp prisoners after their release.

View of the concentration camp at Grini in Norway.

Soviet prisoners in the Lamsdorf concentration camp (Stalag VIII-B, now the Polish village of Lambinovice.

The bodies of the executed SS guards at the observation tower "B" of the Dachau concentration camp.

View of the barracks of the Dachau concentration camp.

Soldiers of the US 45th Infantry Division show the bodies of prisoners in a wagon at the Dachau concentration camp to teenagers from the Hitler Youth.

View of the Buchenwald barracks after the liberation of the camp.

American generals George Patton, Omar Bradley and Dwight Eisenhower in the Ohrdruf concentration camp at the fire, where the Germans burned the bodies of prisoners.

Soviet prisoners of war in the Stalag XVIIIA concentration camp.

Soviet prisoners of war eating in the Stalag XVIIIA concentration camp.

Soviet prisoners of war near the barbed wire of the Stalag XVIIIA concentration camp.

Soviet prisoner of war at the barracks of the Stalag XVIIIA concentration camp.

British prisoners of war on the stage of the Stalag XVIIIA concentration camp theater.

Captured British Corporal Eric Evans (Eric Evans) with three comrades in the concentration camp "Stalag XVIIIA".

Burnt bodies of prisoners of the Ohrdruf concentration camp.

Bodies of prisoners of the Buchenwald concentration camp.

Women from the SS guards of the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp unload the corpses of prisoners. Women from the SS guards of the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp unload the corpses of prisoners for burial in a mass grave. They were attracted to these works by the allies who liberated the camp. Around the moat is a convoy of English soldiers. Former guards are banned from wearing gloves as a punishment to put them at risk of contracting typhus.

Six British prisoners in the Stalag XVIIIA concentration camp.

Soviet prisoners are talking to a German officer in the Stalag XVIIIA concentration camp.

Soviet prisoners of war change clothes in the Stalag XVIIIA concentration camp.

Group photo of allied prisoners (British, Australians and New Zealanders) in the Stalag XVIIIA concentration camp.

Band of captured allies (Australians, British and New Zealanders) on the territory of the Stalag XVIIIA concentration camp.

Captured Allied soldiers play the game Two Up for cigarettes in the Stalag 383 concentration camp.

Two British prisoners at the wall of the barracks of the Stalag 383 concentration camp.

A German soldier-escort at the Stalag 383 concentration camp market, surrounded by captured allies.

Group photo of allied prisoners in the Stalag 383 concentration camp on Christmas Day 1943.

The barracks of the Vollan concentration camp in the Norwegian city of Trondheim after liberation.

A group of Soviet prisoners of war outside the gates of the Norwegian concentration camp Falstad after liberation.

SS-Oberscharführer Erich Weber on vacation in the commandant's quarters of the Norwegian concentration camp Falstad.

Commandant of the Norwegian concentration camp Falstad, SS Hauptscharführer Karl Denk (left) and SS Oberscharführer Erich Weber (right) in the commandant's room.

Five released prisoners of the Falstad concentration camp at the gate.

Prisoners of the Norwegian concentration camp Falstad (Falstad) on vacation during a break between work in the field.

SS-Oberscharführer Erich Weber, an employee of the Falstadt concentration camp

SS non-commissioned officers K. Denk, E. Weber and Luftwaffe sergeant R. Weber with two women in the commandant's office of the Norwegian concentration camp Falstad.

An employee of the Norwegian concentration camp Falstad, SS Oberscharführer Erich Weber, in the kitchen of the commandant's house.

Soviet, Norwegian and Yugoslav prisoners of the Falstad concentration camp on vacation at the logging site.

The head of the women's block of the Norwegian concentration camp Falstad (Falstad) Maria Robbe (Maria Robbe) with the police at the gates of the camp.

A group of Soviet prisoners of war on the territory of the Norwegian concentration camp Falstad after liberation.

Seven guards of the Norwegian concentration camp Falstad at the main gate.

Panorama of the Norwegian concentration camp Falstad (Falstad) after the liberation.

Black French prisoners in the Frontstalag 155 camp in the village of Lonvik.

Black French prisoners do laundry at the Frontstalag 155 camp in the village of Lonvik.

Members of the Warsaw Uprising from the Home Army in the barracks of a concentration camp near the German village of Oberlangen.

The body of a shot SS guard in a canal near the Dachau concentration camp

A column of prisoners of the Norwegian concentration camp Falstad (Falstad) passes in the courtyard of the main building.

Liberated children, prisoners of the Auschwitz concentration camp (Auschwitz) show camp numbers tattooed on their arms.

Railway tracks leading to the Auschwitz concentration camp.

An emaciated Hungarian prisoner released from the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp.

A liberated prisoner of the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp who fell ill with typhus in one of the camp barracks.

A group of children released from the Auschwitz concentration camp (Auschwitz). In total, about 7,500 people, including children, were released in the camp. The Germans managed to take about 50 thousand prisoners from Auschwitz to other camps before the Red Army units approached.

Prisoners demonstrate the process of destroying corpses in the crematorium of the Dachau concentration camp.

Red Army prisoners who died of hunger and cold. The POW camp was located in the village of Bolshaya Rossoshka near Stalingrad.

Body of Ohrdruf concentration camp guard killed by prisoners or American soldiers.

Prisoners in the barracks of the Ebensee concentration camp.

Irma Grese and Josef Kramer in the prison yard of the German city of Celle. The head of the labor service of the women's unit of the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp - Irma Grese (Irma Grese) and his commandant SS Hauptsturmführer (Captain) Josef Kramer under British escort in the prison yard of the city of Celle, Germany.

Girl prisoner of the Croatian concentration camp Jasenovac.

Soviet prisoners of war while carrying building elements for the barracks of the Stalag 304 Zeithain camp.

Surrendered SS-Untersturmführer Heinrich Wicker (Heinrich Wicker, later shot by American soldiers) at the car with the bodies of prisoners of the Dachau concentration camp. In the photo, second from the left is Victor Mairer, a representative of the Red Cross.

A man in civilian clothes stands near the bodies of prisoners of the Buchenwald concentration camp.
In the background, Christmas wreaths hang near the windows.

Released from captivity, the British and Americans are on the territory of the prisoner of war camp Dulag-Luft in Wetzlar, Germany.

Released prisoners from the Nordhausen death camp sit on the porch.

Prisoners of the concentration camp Gardelegen (Gardelegen), killed by guards shortly before the liberation of the camp.

The corpses of prisoners of the Buchenwald concentration camp, prepared for burning in a crematorium, in the back of a trailer.

Aerial photography of the northwestern part of the Auschwitz concentration camp with the main objects of the camp marked: the railway station and the Auschwitz I camp.

American generals (from right to left) Dwight Eisenhower, Omar Bradley and George Patton watch a demonstration of one of the torture methods at the Gotha concentration camp.

Mountains of clothes of prisoners of the Dachau concentration camp.

A liberated seven-year-old prisoner of the Buchenwald concentration camp in line before being sent to Switzerland.

Prisoners of the concentration camp Sachsenhausen (Sachsenhausen) on the line.

A Soviet prisoner of war released from the Saltfjellet concentration camp in Norway.

Soviet prisoners of war in a barracks after their release from the Saltfjellet concentration camp in Norway.

A Soviet prisoner of war leaves a barrack at the Saltfjellet concentration camp in Norway.

Women liberated by the Red Army from the Ravensbrück concentration camp, located 90 km north of Berlin.

German officers and civilians walk past a group of Soviet prisoners during an inspection of a concentration camp.

Soviet prisoners of war in the camp in the ranks during verification.

Captured Soviet soldiers in the camp at the beginning of the war.

Captured Red Army soldiers enter the camp barracks.

Four Polish prisoners of the Oberlangen concentration camp (Oberlangen, Stalag VI C) after their liberation. Women were among the capitulated Warsaw insurgents.

The orchestra of prisoners of the Yanovsky concentration camp performs the "Tango of Death". On the eve of the liberation of Lvov by the Red Army, the Germans lined up a circle of 40 people from the orchestra. The camp guards surrounded the musicians in a tight ring and ordered them to play. First, the conductor of the Mund orchestra was executed, then, by order of the commandant, each orchestra member went to the center of the circle, laid his instrument on the ground and stripped naked, after which he was shot in the head.

Two American soldiers and a former prisoner fish the body of a shot SS guard from a canal near the Dachau concentration camp.

The Ustaše execute prisoners at the Jasenovac concentration camp.

1) Irma Grese - (October 7, 1923 - December 13, 1945) - overseer of the Nazi death camps Ravensbrück, Auschwitz and Bergen-Belsen.
Among the nicknames of Irma were "Blond-haired devil", "Angel of death", "Beautiful monster". She used emotional and physical methods to torture prisoners, bludgeoned women to death, and reveled in the arbitrary shooting of prisoners. She starved her dogs to set them on her victims, and personally selected hundreds of people to be sent to the gas chambers. Greze wore heavy boots, and in addition to a pistol, she always had a wicker whip.

In the Western post-war press, the possible sexual deviations of Irma Grese, her numerous connections with the SS guards, with the commandant of Bergen-Belsen, Josef Kramer (“Belsen Beast”) were constantly discussed.
On April 17, 1945, she was taken prisoner by the British. The Belsen trial, initiated by a British military tribunal, lasted from September 17 to November 17, 1945. Together with Irma Grese, the cases of other camp workers were considered at this trial - commandant Josef Kramer, warden Joanna Bormann, nurse Elisabeth Volkenrath. Irma Grese was found guilty and sentenced to hang.
On the last night before her execution, Grese laughed and sang along with her colleague Elisabeth Volkenrath. Even when a noose was thrown around Irma Grese's neck, her face remained calm. Her last word was "Faster", addressed to the English executioner.

2) Ilse Koch - (September 22, 1906 - September 1, 1967) - German NSDAP activist, wife of Karl Koch, commandant of the Buchenwald and Majdanek concentration camps. Best known under a pseudonym as "Frau Lampshade" Received the nickname "Buchenwald Witch" for the cruel torture of camp prisoners. Koch was also accused of making souvenirs from human skin (however, no reliable evidence of this was presented at the post-war trial of Ilse Koch).

On June 30, 1945, Koch was arrested by American troops and in 1947 sentenced to life imprisonment. However, a few years later, the American General Lucius Clay, the military commander of the American occupation zone in Germany, released her, considering the charges of issuing execution orders and making souvenirs from human skin insufficiently proven.

This decision caused a protest from the public, so in 1951 Ilse Koch was arrested in West Germany. A German court again sentenced her to life imprisonment.

On September 1, 1967, Koch committed suicide by hanging herself in a cell in the Bavarian Eibach prison.

3) Louise Danz - b. December 11, 1917 - overseer of women's concentration camps. She was sentenced to life imprisonment, but later released.

She began working in the Ravensbrück concentration camp, then she was transferred to Majdanek. Danz later served in Auschwitz and Malchow.
Prisoners later said that they were subjected to ill-treatment by Danz. She beat them, confiscated their winter clothes. In Malchow, where Danz had the position of senior warden, she starved the prisoners without giving food for 3 days. On April 2, 1945, she killed an underage girl.
Danz was arrested on 1 June 1945 in Lützow. At the trial of the Supreme National Tribunal, which lasted from November 24, 1947 to December 22, 1947, she was sentenced to life imprisonment. Released in 1956 for health reasons (!!!). In 1996, she was charged with the aforementioned murder of a child, but it was dropped after doctors said that Danz would be too hard to endure a re-imprisonment. She lives in Germany. Now she is 94 years old.

4) Jenny-Wanda Barkmann - (May 30, 1922 - July 4, 1946) Between 1940 and December 1943 she worked as a fashion model. In January 1944, she became a warden at the small Stutthof concentration camp, where she became famous for brutally beating female prisoners, some of whom she beat to death. She also participated in the selection of women and children for the gas chambers. She was so cruel, but also very beautiful, that the female prisoners called her "Beautiful Ghost".

Jenny fled the camp in 1945 when Soviet troops began to approach the camp. But she was caught and arrested in May 1945 while trying to leave the train station in Gdansk. She is said to have flirted with the policemen guarding her and was not particularly worried about her fate. Jenny-Wanda Barkmann was found guilty, after which she was given the last word. She stated, "Life is indeed a great pleasure, and the pleasure is usually short-lived."

Jenny-Wanda Barkmann was publicly hanged on Biskupska Gorka near Gdansk on July 4, 1946. She was only 24 years old. Her body was burned, and the ashes were publicly washed away in the closet of the house where she was born.

5) Hertha Gertrud Bothe - (January 8, 1921 - March 16, 2000) - overseer of women's concentration camps. She was arrested on charges of war crimes, but later released.

In 1942 she received an invitation to work as a warden in the Ravensbrück concentration camp. After four weeks of preliminary training, Bothe was sent to Stutthof, a concentration camp near the city of Gdańsk. In it, Bothe was nicknamed "The Sadist of Stutthof" because of her mistreatment of female prisoners.

In July 1944 she was sent by Gerda Steinhoff to the Bromberg-Ost concentration camp. From January 21, 1945, Bothe was a warden during the death march of prisoners, which took place from central Poland to the Bergen-Belsen camp. The march ended on February 20-26, 1945. In Bergen-Belsen, Bothe led a group of women, consisting of 60 people and engaged in the production of wood.

After the camp was liberated, she was arrested. At the Belzensky court, she was sentenced to 10 years in prison. Released earlier than the specified date on December 22, 1951. She died on March 16, 2000 in Huntsville, USA.

6) Maria Mandel (1912-1948) - Nazi war criminal. Occupying the post of head of the women's camps of the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp in the period 1942-1944, she is directly responsible for the death of about 500 thousand female prisoners.

Colleagues in the service described Mandel as an "extremely intelligent and dedicated" person. The Auschwitz prisoners among themselves called her a monster. Mandel personally selected prisoners, and sent them to the gas chambers by the thousands. There are cases when Mandel personally took several prisoners under her protection for a while, and when they bored her, she put them on the lists for destruction. Also, it was Mandel who came up with the idea and the creation of a women's camp orchestra, which met new prisoners at the gates with cheerful music. According to the recollections of the survivors, Mandel was a music lover and treated the musicians from the orchestra well, she personally came to their barracks with a request to play something.

In 1944, Mandel was transferred to the post of head of the Muldorf concentration camp, one of the parts of the Dachau concentration camp, where she served until the end of the war with Germany. In May 1945, she fled to the mountains near her hometown, Münzkirchen. On August 10, 1945, Mandel was arrested by American troops. In November 1946, as a war criminal, she was handed over to the Polish authorities at their request. Mandel was one of the main defendants in the trial of Auschwitz workers, which took place in November-December 1947. The court sentenced her to death by hanging. The sentence was carried out on January 24, 1948 in a Krakow prison.

7) Hildegard Neumann (May 4, 1919, Czechoslovakia -?) - senior warden in the Ravensbrück and Theresienstadt concentration camps.

Hildegard Neumann began her service in the Ravensbrück concentration camp in October 1944, immediately becoming a head overseer. Due to good work, she was transferred to the Theresienstadt concentration camp as the head of all camp guards. Beauty Hildegard, according to the prisoners, was cruel and merciless towards them.
She supervised between 10 and 30 female police officers and over 20,000 female Jewish prisoners. Neumann also facilitated the deportation of more than 40,000 women and children from Theresienstadt to the death camps of Auschwitz (Auschwitz) and Bergen-Belsen, where most of them were killed. Researchers estimate that more than 100,000 Jews were deported from the Theresienstadt camp and were killed or died in Auschwitz and Bergen-Belsen, and another 55,000 died in Theresienstadt itself.
Neumann left the camp in May 1945 and was not prosecuted for war crimes. Hildegard Neumann's subsequent fate is unknown.

There is no person in the world today who does not know what a concentration camp is. During the Second World War, these institutions, created to isolate political prisoners, prisoners of war and persons who posed a threat to the state, turned into houses of death and torture. Not many who got there managed to survive in harsh conditions, millions were tortured and died. Years after the end of the most terrible and bloody war in the history of mankind, memories of Nazi concentration camps still cause trembling in the body, horror in the soul and tears in the eyes of people.

What is a concentration camp

Concentration camps are special prisons created during military operations on the territory of the country, according to special legislative documents.

There were few repressed persons in them, the main contingent were representatives of the lower races, according to the Nazis: Slavs, Jews, gypsies and other nations to be exterminated. For this, the concentration camps of the Nazis were equipped with various means, with the help of which people were killed by tens and hundreds.

They were destroyed morally and physically: raped, experimented, burned alive, poisoned in gas chambers. Why and for what was justified by the ideology of the Nazis. Prisoners were considered unworthy to live in the world of the "chosen ones". The chronicle of the Holocaust of those times contains descriptions of thousands of incidents confirming the atrocities.

The truth about them became known from books, documentaries, stories of those who managed to become free, get out of there alive.

The institutions built during the war years were conceived by the Nazis as places of mass extermination, for which they received the true name - death camps. They were equipped with gas chambers, gas chambers, soap factories, crematoria, where hundreds of people could be burned a day, and other similar means for murder and torture.

No less number of people died from exhausting work, hunger, cold, punishment for the slightest disobedience and medical experiments.

living conditions

For many people who passed the "road of death" beyond the walls of the concentration camps, there was no turning back. Upon arrival at the place of detention, they were examined and "sorted": children, the elderly, the disabled, the wounded, the mentally retarded and the Jews were subjected to immediate destruction. Further, people "fit" for work were divided into male and female barracks.

Most of the buildings were built in haste, often they did not have a foundation or were converted from sheds, stables, warehouses. They put bunks in them, in the middle of a huge room there was one stove for heating in winter, there were no latrines. But there were rats.

The roll call, held at any time of the year, was considered a severe test. People had to stand for hours in the rain, snow, hail, and then return to cold, barely heated rooms. Not surprisingly, many died from infectious and respiratory diseases, inflammation.

Each registered prisoner had a serial number on his chest (in Auschwitz he was beaten out with a tattoo) and a stripe on the camp uniform indicating the “article” under which he was imprisoned in the camp. A similar winkel (colored triangle) was sewn on the left side of the chest and the right knee of the trouser leg.

The colors were distributed like this:

• red - political prisoner;
• green - convicted of a criminal offense;
• black - dangerous, dissident persons;
• pink - persons with non-traditional sexual orientation;
• brown - gypsies.

The Jews, if they were left alive, wore a yellow winkel and a hexagonal "Star of David". If the prisoner was recognized as a "racial defiler", a black border was sewn around the triangle. Runners wore a red and white target on their chest and back. The latter were expected to be shot at just one glance in the direction of the gate or wall.

Executions were carried out daily. Prisoners were shot, hanged, beaten with whips for the slightest disobedience to the guards. Gas chambers, whose principle of operation was the simultaneous destruction of several dozen people, worked around the clock in many concentration camps. The captives who helped clean up the corpses of the strangled were also rarely left alive.

Gas chamber

The prisoners were also mocked morally, erasing their human dignity under conditions in which they ceased to feel like members of society and just people.

What fed

In the first years of the existence of concentration camps, the food provided to political prisoners, traitors to the motherland and "dangerous elements" was quite high in calories. The Nazis understood that the prisoners should have the strength to work, and at that time many sectors of the economy were based on their work.

The situation changed in 1942-43, when the bulk of the prisoners were Slavs. If the diet of the German repressed was 700 kcal per day, the Poles and Russians did not receive even 500 kcal.

The diet consisted of:

• liters per day of an herbal drink called "coffee";
• soup on water without fat, the basis of which was vegetables (mostly rotten) - 1 liter;
• bread (stale, moldy);
• sausages (approximately 30 grams);
• fat (margarine, lard, cheese) - 30 grams.

The Germans could count on sweets: jam or preserves, potatoes, cottage cheese and even fresh meat. They received special rations that included cigarettes, sugar, goulash, dry broth, and more.

Beginning in 1943, when a turning point occurred in the Great Patriotic War and Soviet troops liberated the countries of Europe from the German invaders, concentration camp prisoners were massacred in order to hide the traces of crimes. Since that time, in many camps, the already meager rations have been cut, and in some institutions people have stopped being fed altogether.

The most terrible torture and experiments in the history of mankind

Concentration camps will forever remain in the history of mankind as places where the Gestapo carried out the most terrible torture and medical experiments.

The task of the latter was considered to be "assistance to the army": doctors determined the boundaries of human capabilities, created new types of weapons, drugs that could help the soldiers of the Reich.

Almost 70% of the experimental subjects did not survive after such executions, almost all were incapacitated or crippled.

over women

One of the main goals of the SS was to cleanse the world of a non-Aryan nation. To do this, experiments were carried out on women in the camps to find the easiest and cheapest method of sterilization.

Representatives of the weaker sex were injected with special chemical solutions into the uterus and fallopian tubes, designed to block the work of the reproductive system. Most of the test subjects died after such a procedure, the rest were killed in order to examine the state of the genital organs during the autopsy.

Often women were turned into sex slaves, forced to work in brothels and brothels organized at the camps. Most of them left the establishments dead, having not survived not only a huge number of "clients", but also monstrous mockery of themselves.

Over the children

The purpose of these experiments was to create a superior race. Thus, children with mental disabilities and genetic diseases were subjected to forcible killing (euthanasia) so that they would not be able to further reproduce “inferior” offspring.

Other children were placed in special "nurseries", where they were brought up at home and in harsh patriotic moods. Periodically, they were exposed to ultraviolet rays so that the hair acquired a light shade.

One of the most famous and monstrous experiments on children are those carried out on twins, representing an inferior race. They tried to change the color of their eyes, making injections of drugs, after which they died of pain or remained blind.

There were attempts to artificially create Siamese twins, that is, to sew children together, to transplant parts of each other's bodies into them. There are records of the introduction of viruses and infections to one of the twins and further study of the condition of both. If one of the couple died, the second was also killed in order to compare the state of internal organs and systems.

Children born in the camp were also subjected to strict selection, almost 90% of them were killed immediately or sent for experiments. Those who managed to survive were brought up and "Germanized".

over men

The representatives of the stronger sex were subjected to the most cruel and terrible tortures and experiments. To create and test drugs that improve blood clotting, which were needed by the military at the front, gunshot wounds were inflicted on men, after which observations were made about the rate at which bleeding stopped.

The tests included the study of the action of sulfonamides - antimicrobial substances designed to prevent the development of blood poisoning in frontline conditions. For this, parts of the body were injured and bacteria, fragments, earth were injected into the incisions, and then the wounds were sewn up. Another type of experiment is the ligation of veins and arteries on both sides of the wound being inflicted.

Means for recovery after chemical burns were created and tested. Men were doused with a composition identical to that found in phosphorus bombs or mustard gas, which at that time was poisoned by enemy "criminals" and the civilian population of cities during the occupation.

An important role in experiments with drugs was played by attempts to create vaccines against malaria and typhus. The test subjects were injected with the infection, and then - trial formulations to neutralize it. Some prisoners were given no immune protection at all, and they died in terrible agony.

To study the ability of the human body to withstand low temperatures and recover from significant hypothermia, men were placed in ice baths or driven naked into the cold outside. If after such torture the prisoner had signs of life, he was subjected to a resuscitation procedure, after which few managed to recover.

The main resurrection measures: irradiation with ultraviolet lamps, having sex, introducing boiling water into the body, placing in a bath with warm water.

In some concentration camps, attempts were made to turn sea water into drinking water. It was processed in various ways, and then given to prisoners, observing the reaction of the body. They also experimented with poisons, adding them to food and drinks.

One of the most terrible experiences are attempts to regenerate bone and nerve tissue. In the process of research, joints and bones were broken, observing their fusion, nerve fibers were removed, and the joints were changed in places.

Almost 80% of the participants in the experiments died during the experiments from unbearable pain or blood loss. The rest were killed in order to study the results of the study "from the inside." Few survived such abuses.

List and description of death camps

Concentration camps existed in many countries of the world, including the USSR, and were intended for a narrow circle of prisoners. However, only the Nazis received the name "death camps" for the atrocities carried out in them after Adolf Hitler came to power and the beginning of the Second World War.

Buchenwald

Located in the vicinity of the German city of Weimar, this camp, founded in 1937, has become one of the most famous and largest such establishments. It consisted of 66 branches, where prisoners worked for the benefit of the Reich.

Over the years of its existence, about 240 thousand people visited its barracks, of which 56 thousand prisoners officially died from murder and torture, among whom were representatives of 18 nations. How many there were in fact is not known for certain.

Buchenwald was liberated on April 10, 1945. A memorial complex in memory of its victims and heroes-liberators was created on the site of the camp.

Auschwitz

In Germany it is better known as Auschwitz or Auschwitz-Birkenau. It was a complex that occupied a vast territory near the Polish Krakow. The concentration camp consisted of 3 main parts: a large administrative complex, the camp itself, where torture and massacres of prisoners were carried out, and a group of 45 small complexes with factories and work areas.

The victims of Auschwitz, according to official figures alone, were more than 4 million people, representatives of the "inferior races", according to the Nazis.

The “death camp” was liberated on January 27, 1945 by the troops of the Soviet Union. Two years later, the State Museum was opened on the territory of the main complex.

It presents expositions of things that belonged to prisoners: toys that they made from wood, pictures, and other handicrafts that are exchanged for food from civilians passing by. Stylized scenes of interrogation and torture by the Gestapo, reflecting the violence of the Nazis.

The drawings and inscriptions on the walls of the barracks, made by prisoners doomed to death, remained unchanged. As the Poles themselves say today, Auschwitz is the bloodiest and most terrible point on the map of their homeland.

Sobibor

Another concentration camp in Poland, established in May 1942. The prisoners were mostly representatives of the Jewish nation, the number of those killed is about 250 thousand people.

One of the few institutions where the uprising of prisoners took place in October 1943, after which it was closed and wiped off the face of the earth.

Majdanek

The camp was founded in 1941, it was built in the suburbs of Lublin, Poland. It had 5 branches in the southeastern part of the country.

Over the years of its existence, about 1.5 million people of different nationalities died in its cells.

The surviving captives were released on July 23, 1944 by Soviet soldiers, and 2 years later a museum and research institutes were opened on its territory.

Salaspils

The camp, known as Kurtengorf, was built in October 1941 on the territory of Latvia, not far from Riga. Had several branches, the most famous - Ponary. The main prisoners were children who were subjected to medical experiments.

In recent years, prisoners have been used as blood donors for wounded German soldiers. The camp was burnt down in August 1944 by the Germans, who were forced to evacuate the remaining prisoners to other institutions under the offensive of the Soviet troops.

Ravensbrück

Built in 1938 near Fürstenberg. Before the start of the war of 1941-1945, it was exclusively female, it consisted mainly of partisans. After 1941, it was completed, after which it received a men's barracks and a children's barracks for underage girls.

Over the years of "work", the number of his captives amounted to more than 132 thousand of the fairer sex of different ages, of which almost 93 thousand died. The liberation of the prisoners took place on April 30, 1945 by Soviet troops.

Mauthausen

Austrian concentration camp built in July 1938. At first it was one of the major branches of Dachau, the first such institution in Germany, located near Munich. But since 1939 it has been functioning independently.

In 1940, it merged with the Gusen death camp, after which it became one of the largest concentration settlements on the territory of Nazi Germany.

During the war years, there were about 335 thousand natives of 15 European countries, 122 thousand of whom were brutally tortured and killed. The prisoners were released by the Americans, who entered the camp on May 5, 1945. A few years later, 12 states created a memorial museum here, erected monuments to the victims of Nazism.

Irma Grese - Nazi warden

The horrors of the concentration camps imprinted in the memory of people and the annals of history the names of individuals who can hardly be called people. One of them is Irma Grese, a young and beautiful German woman whose actions do not fit into the nature of human actions.

Today, many historians and psychiatrists are trying to explain her phenomenon by the suicide of her mother or the propaganda of fascism and Nazism, characteristic of that time, but it is impossible or difficult to find an excuse for her actions.

Already at the age of 15, the young girl was present in the Hitler Youth movement, a German youth organization whose main principle was racial purity. At the age of 20 in 1942, having changed several professions, Irma became a member of one of the auxiliary units of the SS. Her first place of work was the Ravensbrück concentration camp, which was later replaced by Auschwitz, where she acted as the second person after the commandant.

The bullying of the "Blond Devil", as the prisoners called Grese, was felt by thousands of captive women and men. This "Beautiful Monster" destroyed people not only physically, but also morally. She beat a prisoner to death with a wicker whip that she carried with her, enjoyed shooting prisoners. One of the favorite entertainments of the "Angel of Death" was setting dogs on captives, which were previously starved for several days.

The last place of service of Irma Grese was Bergen-Belsen, where, after his release, she was captured by the British military. The tribunal lasted 2 months, the verdict was unequivocal: "Guilty, subject to execution by hanging."

The iron rod, or maybe ostentatious bravado, was also present in the woman on the last night of her life - she sang songs and laughed out loud until the morning, which, according to psychologists, hid fear and hysteria before the impending death - too easy and simple for her.

Josef Mengele - experiments on people

The name of this man still causes horror among people, since it was he who came up with the most painful and terrible experiments on the human body and psyche.

Only according to official data, tens of thousands of prisoners became its victims. He personally sorted the victims upon arrival at the camp, then they were awaited by a thorough medical examination and terrible experiments.

The “Angel of Death from Auschwitz” managed to avoid a fair trial and imprisonment during the liberation of European countries from the Nazis. For a long time he lived in Latin America, carefully hiding from his pursuers and avoiding capture.

On the conscience of this doctor, anatomical autopsy of live newborns and castration of boys without the use of anesthesia, experiments on twins, dwarfs. There is evidence of how women were tortured by sterilization using x-rays. He assessed the endurance of the human body when exposed to an electric current.

Unfortunately for many prisoners of war, Josef Mengele still managed to avoid a fair punishment. After 35 years of living under false names, constantly escaping from pursuers, he drowned in the ocean, losing control of his body as a result of a stroke. The worst thing is that until the end of his life he was firmly convinced that "in his whole life he did not harm anyone personally."

Concentration camps were present in many countries of the world. The most famous for the Soviet people was the Gulag, created in the early years of the Bolsheviks coming to power. In total there were more than a hundred of them and, according to the NKVD, in 1922 alone there were more than 60 thousand “dissenters” and “dangerous to the authorities” prisoners.

But only the Nazis made it so that the word "concentration camp" went down in history as a place where they massively torture and exterminate the population. A place of bullying and humiliation committed by people against humanity.