The composition of the roofing cake for insulated roofing. What is a roofing pie? Unexploited flat roof

In most cases, a soft roof pie looks like this:

• Waterproofing or diffusion layer;
• Ventilated space;

When mounting the material, it is important to follow the specified order. Below we will analyze in detail each of the elements and tell you how to choose and mount it correctly.

1. Wall laminated timber
2. under-eaves board
3. Sliding support for rafters
4. Add. crate for insulation
5. Ventrijka
6. clapboard
7. rafter leg
8. mosquito net
9. Roofing film
10. Gutter
11. crate
12. Control grille
13. OSB board
14. Roofing shingles
15. Lining carpet

The device of the roofing pie may vary depending on what result you want to achieve. So, if you are planning the arrangement of a “cold” attic, then the heat-insulating layer is excluded. Otherwise, the device of the pie will be approximately the same as for the insulated roof.

It is important to take care that each of the layers described above is laid in accordance with the necessary requirements for quality, reliability and safety. If individual parts of the entire roof structure are laid incorrectly or selected without taking into account the climatic zone in which the building is located, you risk the quality of the roofing system as a whole. Sometimes such miscalculations are corrected by local repairs, but more often, to correct it, you will have to replace the entire structure of your roof as a whole.

The main elements of a roofing pie

So, we understand how the construction of a roofing pie should look like, now let's analyze each of the elements in detail, paying attention to the features and important aspects.

For options with an uninsulated roof, vapor barrier is not needed, but if the attic or other room under the roof is residential and heated, vapor barrier is indispensable - otherwise, the insulation will pick up moisture formed as a result of condensate. Rafters are used to fasten the vapor barrier film. The vapor barrier film is produced in rolls - the roll is spread along the ridge with an overlap. The overlap is approximately 15 cm. The easiest way to attach this material to the rafters is with a construction stapler. One more thing: all joints must be glued with special adhesive tape and during installation do not stretch the vapor barrier film, let it sag a little (literally 3-5 millimeters) between the rafters.

Advice! To calculate the distance between the rafters, proceed from the weight of one square meter of the future roofing pie.

These elements increase the strength of the structure and serve as ventilation, preventing rotting of the rafters. First of all, the bars of the counter-lattice are mounted - it is on them that the main layer of the crate is laid, and the gap formed between these two layers will serve as ventilation. The construction of a roofing pie implies that at this stage you already know what roofing material you will use. If you are going to cover the roof with shingles, you will need a continuous batten. This layer is made of OSB, plywood and so on. The surface should be perfectly smooth, even, with a minimum number of joints.

Advice! To enhance the strength of the structure, OSB sheets (they are recommended for soft roofing) should be supported by rafters or a counter-lattice on all sides. Sagging will cause the structure to lose strength.

We repeat that a layer of insulation is needed only if you are planning a warm room or a heated attic under the roof. The choice of insulation is a responsible matter, because almost 30% of the heat goes through the roof, which means that a properly selected insulation will help optimize the cost of space heating. The best option for insulating a roofing cake is a mineral wool insulation based on glass wool or basalt. Such materials are easy to use, because they can be laid even in hard-to-reach corners without forming joints and, as a result, cold bridges. Remember that high-quality insulation for roofing should perform its main function - to protect against high and low temperatures. The minimum thickness of the insulation is 150 millimeters, however, for regions with very cold winters, building codes provide for an increase in thickness to 200 millimeters or more.

Since the roof is the main obstacle between the premises of the house and precipitation, it is difficult to imagine the installation of a cake without a well-thought-out waterproofing system. If you install a soft roof, it is better to choose diffusion membranes. These membranes have an excellent property - they release steam to the outside, but do not let moisture in from the outside. Thus, the steam rises, but the roof remains solid and impregnable even for the most merciless downpours. Such a membrane is mounted directly on the heat-insulating layer, which makes it possible to make the roof cake more compact, enhance the heat-insulating properties of the structure and save time when installing the roof.

Ventilation

Ventilation is something without which a roofing pie cannot do, because otherwise the condensate will make the entire roof structure unusable in a short time. It is important to know that roof ventilation can be passive and forced. Passive ventilation of the roofing pie includes ventilation gaps that are located between the layers (we talked about them, mentioning the crate). But forced ventilation involves equipping the roof with special devices that are put into operation using the power of wind or electricity. Roof aerators are a good option in this case.

Materials for roofing cake

Why choose ICOPAL? As is clear from our list of roofing pie devices, the next item is, in fact, the roofing material. Each of the layers of the pie is extremely important, but it is difficult to overestimate the importance of the roofing material - in the end, it is he who will be in direct contact with the environment, wind and precipitation.

Bitumen shingles are a reliable solution for any building. Here are just a few of the benefits:

• Used for any, even the most severe climate;
• Provides good sound insulation;
• Withstands significant snow and wind loads;
• It is used on roofs of complex configuration;
• Easy to install, no problems with local repairs, if necessary (the amount of waste during installation is minimal);
• Looks aesthetically pleasing and stylish.

Important! For the installation of most types of soft roofing, the roof slope must be at least 11 degrees.

Bituminous has all these qualities. This is a modern, convenient and, most importantly, reliable roofing material; it is ideal for new roofs and old roof repairs. High speed of installation can significantly reduce the time spent on construction.

Many of those who have not closely encountered the construction of a private house believe that the roof is just a roofing. But in reality, the roof is a system consisting of a large number of technical elements and several functional layers. Depending on the type of roof (from single-pitched to multi-gable), its design has a certain degree of complexity.

The totality of all layers of the roof is also called the roofing "pie". Just as any cake has its own recipe for preparation and arrangement of layers, so the roof structure has its own “recipe”.

Typically, the composition of the "pie" of the roof includes the following layers (starting from the bottom):

• interior decoration,
• vapor barrier,
• insulation,
• ventilation gap (there are systems where two gaps are arranged),
• waterproofing (roofing film),
• roofing material.

Roofing cake recipe

A well-executed roof structure will serve as a guarantee that during the winter period an ice barrier will not be created on the roof overhangs and a process such as “water return” will take place. The thermal insulation characteristics of such a roof will fully comply with modern building codes.

In the summer period of the year, the roofing system will operate in self-cooling mode, since inside the under-roofing gaps there will be movement of air masses directed from bottom to top. Together with the air flow, the heat that comes from the roofing material heated in the sun will also leave. In the same way, moisture that may be in the insulation will also be removed.

Thanks to the exact observance of the recipe of the roofing "pie", you will be able to provide the load-bearing elements of the roof structure with durability. At the same time, correctly grouped layers can provide additional comfort and savings in thermal energy in your country house.

The technology of the device roofing "pie"

To date, several technically justified methods for constructing a high-quality roof have been developed. Below we will look at the two most popular methods.

In private housing construction, it is customary to arrange one of two types of attic: cold or exploited. In accordance with the chosen design of the attic, the design of the roof is also selected. If the attic is planned to be made cold, then only the ceiling is insulated. At the same time, the attic space itself is ventilated, so that moisture can freely and freely exit the heat insulator.

In the case when it is planned to arrange a residential attic in the upper tier of a country house, the roof itself is insulated. And it is in this case that a multi-layer roofing “pie” is created (in this case, the roofing material and the insulation are elements of the same design).

It is extremely important here to strictly observe the order of all layers, since each of them has its own individual function. The slightest violation of the sequence can reduce to zero the thermal insulation characteristics of the roof, which in this case acts as the building envelope. In addition, if the layers of the “pie” are not properly arranged, the load-bearing elements of the roof will fail prematurely.

Stages of work

First, on top of the completed counter-lattice (there are options when the counter-lattice is stuffed from above), sheets of waterproofing material are spread. The canvases must be unfolded in a horizontal direction so that an overlap of about 10 cm is formed.

In this case, the waterproofing film cannot be stretched, but on the contrary, it must be laid with a slightly noticeable sag (in case of temperature fluctuations). The joints of the waterproofing sheets must be sealed.

Then mineral wool fills the space between the rafters. It is necessary to ensure that the insulation plates fit quite tightly, without the formation of voids and gaps. From the side of the premises, the insulation is sewn up with a layer of vapor barrier material - this will protect the structure from the penetration of water vapor from the premises into the insulation.

During the installation of the roofing "pie", it is extremely important to observe the ventilation gaps. The best option is to have two such gaps:

• the first - between waterproofing and roofing material,
• the second - between the insulation and waterproofing.

The height of the ventilation gaps must be at least 50mm. The upper gap is created by the lathing bars, the cross section of which is 40 mm x 50 mm (these bars serve as the basis for mounting the roofing material).

Lower gap - it is simply left when laying a layer of thermal insulation. That is, the thermal insulation is positioned so that about 50 mm remains to the lowest point of sagging of the waterproofing material.

What should be paid special attention to?

When constructing a roofing "pie", special attention must be paid to such difficult areas as:

• ventilation outlets,
• stone and chimneys,
• roof windows.

It is these areas that usually cause depressurization and heat leakage. The reason for this is incorrect installation work.

Incomplete understanding of the processes of functioning of all technological layers of the roof structure often leads to serious errors, and, as a result, to various troubles. For example, the situation with the vapor barrier.

Not all vapor barrier films have the necessary throughput. The cheapest of them can pass only 30 mg/m 2, while a high-quality analogue can output about 1200 mg/m 2.

During the heating season, cheap vapor barrier may simply not be able to cope with its direct duty. As a result of this, both the insulation and the interior finish will suffer.

Some nuances

There are no trifles when installing a roof. If it says that waterproofing should be laid horizontally, then do it. At the same time, be sure to overlap at least 10 cm - otherwise the waterproofing will not be reliable. In addition, it is not allowed to fix the waterproofing film with nails - you can only use a construction stapler.

The lower edge of the film should be brought into the gutter of the building's drainage system, outside the cornice box. In turn, the edges of the vapor barrier material are brought out to the walls. When using diffusion or superdiffusion films, it is also important which side they face the insulation layer. If the sides are mixed up, the film will have the same effect as ordinary polyethylene.

It is necessary to mount the waterproofing film very carefully:

• wrinkling should not be allowed - they will retain water;
• it is also impossible for the film to touch the insulation in any place.

If we talk about insulation, then it should be laid in two layers and always with offset joints. When using rolled insulation, experts recommend additionally fixing them every meter and a half with boards.

Well, now it only remains to lay the roofing material and that's it - the roofing "pie" of your country house. Follow all the recommendations according to the recipe, and the "pie" will succeed.

Video. Organization of a roofing pie - vapor barrier, insulation, roof waterproofing

Video. ATTIC INSULATION. ROOF PIE

Soft (bituminous) tiles are a relatively new construction material. Its basis is fiberglass, impregnated with bitumen on both sides.

This design provides the material with fire resistance, moisture resistance and elasticity, which allows mounting tiles on pirogues. with curves and intricate details.

During production, mineral chips of various shapes and colors are applied to the surface of the tiles, which creates a wide range of design solutions.

The use of material in the arrangement of roofs is especially appropriate. with large angles slope slopes.

This name denotes a structure that fills the space of the roof between its outer and inner faces, that is space inside the truss frame. It consists of layers of various materials, each of which performs its function. Because of its layering, the design has a name similar to the name of the culinary product.

Pie roofing under improves waterproofing properties roof, provides its insulation. Separate layers are responsible for each of these functions, for example, a waterproofing layer is included in the cake to increase moisture resistance. The number of components of the pie depends on the type of roof: insulated roofs require more layers to be laid.

And now consider the scheme of the roof under the soft tiles in more detail.

Cold Roof Pie

Roof insulation is not necessary in cases where the owners of the house are not going to use the attic as a living space. Cold Roof Pie has a relatively simple structure and consists of six layers:

Soft tiles, unlike metal profiles, requires additional pads, fixing and strengthening the position of the coating.

Waterproofing is needed to prevent condensation in the interior of the roof. It can be placed not only under the crate, but also in front of it.

Mansard roof device

If it is planned to use the attic for permanent or temporary residence (that is, arranging it in an attic), then roof insulation becomes a necessary action. The insulation layer increases the thickness of the roofing cake and complicates its installation. Insulation also involves vapor barrier in order to avoid the negative impact of the internal condensate of the room on its materials.

Thus, roofing cake for soft tiles includes two additional layers. The completed design looks like this:

• Tiled covering.
• Lining carpet.
• OSB cover.
• Crate.
• Waterproofing.
• Rafter.

soft roof pie with insulation

Bitumen itself has good moisture-proof properties, therefore laying a separate waterproofing layer is not mandatory here, as opposed to installing a metal roof. But with a high slope angle and the presence of insulation, additional waterproofing will significantly increase the operational potential of the roof.

When laying the cake, it is important to leave small gaps between the layers to allow natural ventilation.

Waterproofing and vapor barrier

If a roof pitch less than 18 degrees, the waterproofing layer is laid only in the most vulnerable places: ridge, overhangs, valleys, areas around pipes.

If a more than 18 degrees, then the waterproofing is laid throughout the roof area.

Moisture-proof materials are divided into liquid and solid. The first are applied to flat roofs or having a small angle of inclination (up to 5%). If the roof has a greater slope, then materials in solid forms, such as film and roll, are used.

Since soft tiles are mainly for sloping roofs, then we will talk about solid waterproofing.

The highest quality of moisture resistant materials is waterproofing membrane. Its pores are not of a standard cylindrical shape, but funnel-shaped with a narrowing on the upper face. This form allows condensate to freely exit from the internal space of the roof, but does not let moisture in.

1. If no special Constructive decisions, then waterproofing is laid between the rafters and the crate. On the rafters, it is fixed with a construction stapler, and with the crate it should be fastened with self-tapping screws.
2. The waterproofing of the soft roof is laid in the direction from cornice to ridge. The overlap between two sheets of material should not be more than 12 cm
3. The sheets are attached to each other with adhesive tape.
4. The film or roll may sag in the space between the edges of the rafters, but no more than 20 mm. Such sagging will improve the roof's ventilation capabilities.

vapor barrier also protects the inside of the roofing cake from moisture, but, unlike waterproofing, it prevents moisture from entering the interior of the house and not from the environment. Its main function is to protect the insulation, so vapor barrier is rarely installed on cold roofs.

NOTE!

When choosing a vapor barrier material, you should pay attention to particular attention to its strength, since during the operation of the roof it will be subjected to pressure from the insulation.

The most popular materials for vapor barrier films are polyethylene, aluminum foil.

waterproofing roof pie under a soft roof

The film is attached to the rafters with galvanized nails or staples. It is important to carefully connect all the joints, otherwise the condensate will penetrate into the inside of the cake. As with the installation of waterproofing, it is necessary to leave a slight sagging of the film to improve internal ventilation. But if a vapor barrier is mounted instead of a film, then sagging is unacceptable, the material must be stretched.

Before installing all the insulating layers, the rafters are treated with antiseptic impregnation.

Insulation of shingles

Despite the provision of moisture protection with vapor and waterproofing, the insulation material must also be sufficiently resistant to water so that it does not deteriorate at the slightest leakage of the protective layers.

Also important are criteria such as:

The most popular materials for insulation are mineral wool, glass wool, polystyrene foam, penoizol, polyurethane foam. These materials are distinguished by their low cost and resistance to negative influences. But it is important to ensure that they are well isolated from the living space, as small particles of some types of insulation (for example, glass wool) are harmful to humans with its constant ingestion into his body.

CAREFULLY!

Before installing the insulation, it is necessary to provide for the creation of gaps with both waterproofing and vapor barrier. This is necessary to ensure ventilation and prevent damage to materials when rubbing against each other.

Insulation of a soft roof is carried out in the following order:

1. Nails are driven into the lower edges of the rafters at all corners at the same distance from each other.
2. The thermal insulation material is slightly compressed and inserted into the space between the rafters.
3. Between the driven nails, the cords are threaded and fixed in a crosswise position, it is they who make the fastening of the insulation reliable.

Instead of cords, you can use a slatted wooden crate; it is attached not by diagonal crossing, but parallel to each other with a step of 40 centimeters.

Thermal insulation of tiles is carried out by analogy with other coatings.

Thermal insulation is usually placed in two layers. Insulation blocks should not protrude beyond the lower and upper planes of the rafters, otherwise the materials must be cut.

These are the main components of the soft tile roofing pie. Its main difference lies in the fact that the material of such a roof has good waterproofing, and the installation of a separate moisture-proof layer is not mandatory, but all other necessary elements are similar to pies of other types of tiles.

Useful video

What does a roofing pie look like for flexible tiles in video format:

In contact with

Often during construction, the owners of private houses try to use even the attic area for living quarters. Some of them plan only summer-type rooms (unheated) on the attic floor, but preference is still given to full-fledged rooms in which you can live all year round. And this circumstance directly affects the arrangement of the roof. If in attic rooms insulation is usually laid on the floor in order to insulate the heat coming out of the lower floor, and the empty space of the attic serves as an air gap that prevents cold from penetrating into the premises from the roof, then the attic room is insulated differently. All insulation from the floor must be transferred to the roof structure. Therefore, in attic-type houses obligatory element roof is a roofing pie - a multilayer system of different materials that provide heat, hydro, vapor barrier and ventilation.

In a roofing cake, each layer performs a specific function, but subject to the correct order of placement. It is better to entrust the creation of such a pie to professionals, but each owner must be aware of what it is in order to control the quality of the installation, check whether all the layers are laid in the correct order, and know what materials are best to purchase. If the device of the roofing pie does not meet the norm, then heat losses will go through the roof, condensation will form, and in winter - frost and icicles. So, all the insulation was wasted.

Each layer has its own purpose and is inextricably linked with the others. An error in the construction of one of them leads to a reduction in the service life and performance of the roof.

Consider what is the sequence of laying layers, and what materials are best selected for each layer.

Uninsulated roofing pie

It is created in cases where they plan to live on the attic floor only in summer, and the ceiling of the main premises is already insulated. In this case, the main task of the roofing pie is to isolate the attic from condensate entering from the outside, and to allow moisture to escape from the house to the outside. And in order not to disturb the microcirculation of air, they lay a waterproofing film with the smallest holes (microperforation).

The sequence of laying an uninsulated pie is as follows:

1. A rafter system is being created.
2. A waterproofing film is laid.
3. The counter-lattice is stuffed.
4. The crate is attached.
5. Roofing material is laid.

Read on for details on how to lay each layer.

Insulated roofing cake

This is a more multilayer construction, which is used for attics, in which it is planned to equip full-fledged residential premises. And its task is not only waterproofing, but also heat preservation. The thermal regime under the roof is significantly different from the climate on the ground floor.

An insulated roofing pie can turn an attic into a living space

In summer, the roof can heat up to 70˚, and in winter it can get very cold. Of course, there can be no comfortable living in such a room. Therefore, the roofing cake should not only keep the heat inside during the winter, providing air insulation from contact with the cold roof, but also keep hot air out of the heat inside the house.

The attic loses heat more intensively than the lower floors, since it has a large common surface of contact with the external environment

Consider the structure of the insulated roofing pie in more detail.

rafters

The total thickness of all layers of the roofing cake is about 35 cm, so this should be taken into account in the rafter system. To know for sure whether the height of the cut rafters is enough, decide what material you will lay as a heater. For example, a basalt insulation has a thickness of about 150 mm, so a beam of traditional thickness of 100 mm will be too small.

The rafters, which will carry the main load of the roof, are best created from coniferous wood, in which there are no flaws. Choose wood with a moisture level of no more than 22% and be sure to impregnate the entire tree with antiseptic compounds.

It is necessary to treat the rafter structure with antiseptics before laying the roofing cake

The thickness of the rafters and their pitch are selected depending on the coating that will cover the roof.

Vapor barrier layer

It is from this layer that the installation of the roofing pie begins, although the finishing will become the last inner layer.

Why is a vapor barrier needed?

Moisture is always present inside any house, and it is more in warm air, which, according to the law of physics, tends upward, i.e., to the attic floor. Neither natural nor forced ventilation can completely erode excess moisture, and when it gets on the roof structure, it settles with condensate. In our case, the vapor barrier layer must protect the insulation from moisture penetration, which is laid with the next layer, since the heat-insulating material saturated with moisture completely loses its properties.

What material is used for the vapor barrier

1. Glassine is an affordable vapor barrier, but its ability to retain moisture is lost over the years.
2. Vapor barrier film. As a rule, such a film has several layers and a reinforcing frame made of polymers, which prevents it from sagging.
3. foil material.

The foil in the composition of the vapor barrier material will increase the level of heat retention, as it does not transmit infrared radiation

It can be a film with a foil side or a material that resembles a chocolate wrapper, in which one side is paper and the other is foil.

Both the one and the other option, in addition to waterproofing, performs another important function: it does not let in infrared radiation. And since it is it that causes heat loss from the premises, then with the use of a foil layer, heat loss is reduced (and this is without a heater!). At a price such a waterproofer is more expensive than the rest.

How to attach the vapor barrier layer to the truss system

• The material is rolled out along the rafter legs. As a rule, waterproofing film is sold in rolls, which must be rolled along the ridge. Laying starts from the bottom, and the rows are overlapped, going over the previous layer by 15 cm.
• It is most convenient to fix the film to the tree with a construction stapler.
• The places where the rows are laid and the edge adjacent to the wall must be sealed, fastened with a connecting tape. Instead of tape, you can carefully glue it with tape.

note! The tape doesn't need to be stretched too hard. It should sag a little between the rafters (up to 2 mm).

All rows of vapor barrier film begin to be laid from below, and the joints are tightly sealed with adhesive tape

Thermal insulation layer

If you plan full-fledged rooms on the attic floor, then the microclimate and the level of heat in them should be no worse than in the premises of the main floor, which means that they need to be insulated with the same quality. Moreover, the ceiling (also known as a pitched roof) has a large surface area in direct contact with the street, which leads to significant heat loss. The heat-insulating layer of the roofing cake will help to reduce them.

How to choose the right heater

There are many insulation materials on the market. But for a residential building, the heat-insulating material must meet the following requirements:

• be environmentally friendly;
• non-combustible;
• vapor permeable;
• isolate sound.

Consider which heaters are used most often.

Mineral wool. The most commonly used insulation. The material is based on basalt fiber, does not burn, has a dense structure, and a high level of heat retention. But you should not buy it in a roofing pie under a metal tile, because the condensate formed on the back of the roofing can penetrate mineral wool, quickly soak it, from which the insulation loses its properties.

The soft structure of mineral wool completely fills the volume even in the most inconvenient areas of the roof structure

Fiberglass. Non-flammable, environmentally friendly material. But the fiberglass structure is unstable and tends to "slide". Therefore, it is not recommended to cover pitched roofs with such a heater, but only flat ones.

Both mineral wool and fiberglass should be laid on a roof with difficult areas. They are easily placed in any niches, filling the entire volume between the rafters completely, thereby preventing cold bridges.

Styrofoam . Popular because of the low price and good thermal insulation. A big plus is that it does not absorb moisture. But it should be borne in mind that it is combustible, and when burned, it forms toxic compounds.

Styrofoam. Demanded due to lightness and low thermal conductivity. Non-toxic and completely non-absorbent. But due to vapor permeability in summer, increased humidity can be observed in the room. But from the street in case of roof leaks, moisture will not get inside. Expanded polystyrene plates have a rigid structure, so it is difficult to lay them on difficult areas of the roof.

So, to summarize: for pitched roofs, it is best to use insulation with a loose structure, and hard materials are suitable for a roofing cake for a soft roof.

What layer of insulation is placed in the roofing pie

The most minimal layer of insulation for areas with mild winters should be at least 15 cm. If the winters are frosty, then it is better to lay 20 cm thick.

If one layer of insulation is not enough, a second one is applied on top

The ventilation gap serves as an air gasket between the insulation and the waterproofing film, which will prevent moisture from entering from the outside. It is needed so that excess moisture that forms in the off-season, when there is high humidity outside, or gets through cracks in the roof, etc., is vented from the insulation. It is very difficult to find and eliminate leaks in roofs with a roofing pie, because whole blocks of mineral wool they can get wet in one place, and a crack will be found somewhere near the ridge. And if you do not provide for an air gap, then during the season with such a leak a large amount of insulation can deteriorate (especially fiberglass and mineral wool, which absorb moisture).

How to create a ventilation gap:

1. If a corrugated material is chosen as the roof covering, then passive ventilation will be created in any case, even if the ridge structure is flat.
2. For forced ventilation it is necessary to purchase special equipment that is driven by the wind or powered by the mains. It includes aerators, special ventilated skates.
3. On pitched roofs, natural ventilation is sufficient, and on flat roofs, compulsory ventilation is required.

With the help of roof ventilation, moist air is easily removed from under the roof, either by natural draft or using special ventilation valves.

waterproofing layer

The task of waterproofing is to prevent moisture from the roofing from entering the heat-insulating layer, but to remove excess moisture from the insulation. Therefore, the film that was laid in the vapor barrier layer will not work here: it does not allow moisture to pass through. For waterproofing, special materials are purchased, including:

• Diffusion membranes

This is a film coating in which there are microscopic holes, similar in shape to funnels. The wide side of the funnels is laid to the insulation, and the narrow side - to the roofing.

They can only be laid if 2 ventilation gaps are created. Contact with the insulation is not allowed, because the funnels will become clogged and will not let steam through.

Moisture in such pies comes out under the roofing material, so diffusion membranes can be used with roofing that is not afraid of condensate on the back.

These films are so effective in introducing vapors that they do not require the creation of an air gap. This is convenient for those houses where the roofing cake is not created immediately during the construction process, but in an already residential building.

Superdiffusion membranes are the most popular materials for protecting the roof of a house from condensation, leaks and external moisture.

Both versions of the membrane are not suitable for metal tiles and euroslate, because the back side of these coatings is afraid of condensation, but the roofing cake for soft tiles, clay tiles are mounted with this type of waterproofing.

• Condensate films

It is they who are used on roofs made of metal and euroslate, because the films are vapor-tight. Moisture from the insulation settles on the fleecy surface of the waterproofing layer and is carried away with ventilation. The second air gap (under the roof covering) prevents condensate from settling on the underside of the roof.

Counter-lattice and crate

After laying the waterproofing, the bars of the counter-lattice are stuffed, and along it - the main crate. The type of lathing depends on the roofing material. For soft tiles, ondulin, they create a continuous crate of oriented strand board, plywood or boards, for slate, metal profiles, etc. - they make the crate with bars with gaps for ventilation.

The crate for metal tiles is made of bars to create an additional air gap that will prevent condensate from settling on the reverse side of the coating.

Roofing is laid on top of the crate.

Video recipe "layer cake" under the metal tile

Now that you know all the nuances of the roofing cake, you can safely invite construction team and from the outside to observe the correctness of the work.

Roof construction is far from the simplest element of a building. As a rule, it consists of several layers of various materials that provide the proper level of noise, vapor and heat insulation. And, of course, they protect the house from rain at any time of the year.

However, different types of roof require appropriate types of materials. Experienced builders often know all the time-tested options. And in the case of a roofing pie for a roof under a metal tile, a number of additional nuances must be strictly observed.

In this article

Type #1: cheap and cold

A rational option if the roofing cake is calculated for outbuildings, gazebos or for housing in warm regions, where they know about snow and cold only by hearsay.

The design of a cold roof is very simple and consists of only five elements:

1. Rafter system.
2. Waterproof film. The hydro-ventilation gap must also be taken into account.
3. Counter-lattice (wooden slats, planks or bars).
4. Lathing (bars or edged boards).
5. Metal tile.

Easy to install, more economical for the budget. However, at the same time, you will have to forget about heat and sound insulation from the outside.

Type No. 2: minimum noise, maximum heat

An option for most private houses, whose owners do not want to hear a booming noise during the rain and freeze with the onset of cold weather.

What is included in the design:

1. Vapor barrier, which is installed on the inside of the roof.
2. Rafters with longitudinal runs are the main load-bearing structural element.
3. Thermal insulation material is installed between the rafters and girders. Ventilation gaps are also required.
4. Above the surface of the insulation, waterproofing is installed - a film / membrane that allows steam to pass from the inside, but does not allow moisture to penetrate from the outside of the roof. The distance of waterproofing from the insulation should be approximately the same as from the metal tile - 40-50 cm.
5. Parallel to the rafters, a counter-lattice is installed, pressing the waterproofing. It also serves as a support for mounting the crate.
6. Lathing - a metal tile will be mounted on it. It is recommended to use bars with a calculated section of 50x50, the fastening step along the slopes is 35-45 centimeters.
7. Metal tile.

Such a metal roofing pie will already cost a little more, and installation will be more difficult and longer. However, the correct installation of these components will reliably protect against cold and precipitation. Such a roof will retain heat much more efficiently than its “cold” counterpart.

Rules for the selection of metal tiles

Tiles tiles are different. Even if the material, it would seem, is of the same type. The current market offers customers a wide variety of options with any characteristics, appearance and, of course, price.

One of the main parameters affecting the strength of the material is the thickness of its metal base.. Typically, sheets no thicker than 0.4-0.5 mm are used in roofing pies. Reinforced options are guaranteed to affect the reliability of the roof, just like the magnitude of its load on the rafters. Be sure to take this into account when calculating the roof frame.

In addition, any metal tile during manufacture must be covered with a protective layer.. It provides resistance against aggressive external influences. And how effective this protection will be depends only on the quality of the layer itself. Which will directly affect the cost of tiles.

Additional reinforcement of the material will give the height of its waves. However, do not forget that for any tile, galvanized sheets of the same length are used. Therefore, the greater the height of these waves, the material becomes not only more stable, but also gives less useful width.

Finally, the large length of the sheets greatly simplifies the entire installation process. In addition, the risk of leaks is also reduced. On the other hand, this approach increases the chances of longitudinal deformation of the roof.

You need to know about it from the very beginning.

When assembling a roofing pie, special attention is paid to two points: the correct location of the waterproofing and ventilation gaps.

Many owners try to save on materials by purchasing cheaper mineral insulation, ecowool or glass wool instead of waterproof foam. With this choice, the costs will really be significantly less. But then it is the thermal insulation that will become the most vulnerable point in the entire structure.. After all, these materials are highly susceptible to the harmful effects of moisture. By "disastrous" we mean the loss of its heat-saving properties up to 80%. Therefore, it is strongly recommended not to save at least on waterproofing.

However, not a single roof of a private house can be completely insured against the penetration of moisture into the roof layers. For such cases, gaps are provided between the thermal insulation and the upper level of the cake, the dimensions of which are usually 30-40 mm. Air blowing should go from the roof overhang to the ridge.

Slightly smaller gaps (10-15 mm) should also be present between the tiles and the waterproofing.

Mounting technique

After the calculations and selection of all the necessary materials, the most crucial stage comes - the installation of a roofing pie. Both types have their own characteristics, so when choosing a “cold roof”, you can immediately proceed to the third stage. In the case of a “warm roof”, you need to start from the very first point.

1. A layer of vapor barrier will protect the roof from the harmful effects of steam from a warm room under the roof. Various types of vapor barriers require a certain clearance during installation (which may vary from product to product). Therefore, for such cases, a counter rail is first carried out along the lag (thickness - 30 mm). A vapor barrier is attached to it with a construction stapler or counter-lattice. You need to lay it along the slope from its bottom to the top. Each row of the vapor barrier overlaps the previous one (100-150 mm). Exactly the same applies to the longitudinal joints.
2. Outside the frame, insulation is stuffed between the lags. Space must be provided for air gaps.
3. Mandatory stage not only for the "warm", but already for the "cold" roof. A waterproofing film is attached along the lags using a vertical counter-lattice (beam 30x50x50 mm) with a nail pitch of 30 cm. The ventilation gap is also required here - the material should sag at least 1-2 centimeters.
4. And already on the counter-lattice, the installation of the crate is carried out. Its step, as mentioned earlier, should not exceed 45 cm. In valleys, skates and various junctions, it fits solid.

Please note that all wood materials of the cake must be calibrated and dried in natural conditions even before installation. Treatment with flame retardants and antiseptics is highly desirable.

Finally, be sure to pay attention to the roof of your house at least twice a year.. Regular preventive maintenance and, in particular, control of additional elements, joints and junctions in advance will help to avoid possible problems with roofing cake.