What cement mixture to use for the foundation. What cement is better to choose for the construction of the foundation? Important points when buying

Cement is the most commonly used building material.

Not a single construction or repair can do without it. To choose a truly high-quality cement, you should understand how one brand of material differs from another and which one should be chosen for construction.

For a home craftsman who is used to doing everything with his own hands, this problem is all the more urgent, because sometimes the fruits of many days of work nullify low-quality materials.

On the pages of our site, the issue of using cement was raised in almost every second article.

It is also used for interior finishing work, for example, for the preparation and installation of self-leveling floors.

Cement, like any other building material, differs in physical and technical characteristics, depending on the conditions in which it is supposed to be used. It is not difficult to choose it, the main thing is to understand the intricacies of marking and find a suitable supplier.

Choosing cement

Cement is labeled according to two characteristics, such as the ability to withstand a certain load and the composition of the material.

The first parameter is denoted by the letters M (PC) and a number indicating the maximum strength properties of cement. For example, the M400 marking indicates that this type of cement is able to withstand a load of 400 kg / cm. The second parameter is denoted by the letter D and a number showing the amount of additives as a percentage. For example, cement labeled D20 contains 20% additives. Their number directly affects the plasticity and strength of the material.

Many people think that the numbers in the marking indicate that measure (part) of sand, which is necessary for the preparation of high-quality mortar. In fact, this is far from the case - the numbers 400, 500, etc. in the marking of cement, this is nothing more than the production characteristics of its strength. They are given when testing cement at the factory, when a cube formed from cement is subjected to weight tests - if it collapses under a pressure of 400 kilograms, then such cement is assigned grade 400, 500 - respectively M500.

On the front side of the bag, the name of the product, the trade mark and the relevant state standards must be indicated. On the reverse side look for weight, density and others specifications product, as well as the address and telephone number of the manufacturer.

In private and agricultural construction, cement is most often used, or, as it is also called, Portland cement grades M (PC) 400 / D20 and M500 / D20. The first has increased frost and water resistance. It is usually used in the manufacture of precast concrete, wall slabs, foundations, etc. The second one is ideal for plastering, masonry, other repair and construction work and the preparation of various mortars. In addition to good water and frost resistance, this type of cement has a reduced resistance to corrosive effects.

Before buying cement, carefully study the packaging in which the material is packaged. In addition to the brand and weight, the manufacturer must be indicated on it - the name of the company, country and city. Remember that when buying a bulk batch of loose cement, you run the risk of purchasing low-quality or expired goods. Also ask under what conditions the material was transported and stored: the quality of cement is greatly affected by the environment, especially high humidity.

We offer some practical tips that will help you choose really high-quality cement, as well as properly transport and store it.

Check not only the integrity and labeling of the package, but also the cement itself - whether it is prone to pelletizing. To do this, take a little substance and squeeze it in a fist. Fresh cement will easily seep through your fingers, but one that has been sitting in a warehouse for a long time is likely to turn into a lump.

In addition, the quality of cement can be determined by the date of its manufacture and expiration date. The longer the cement is stored, the more its quality indicators decrease. So, after six months, its activity decreases by almost a third.

To preserve all the qualities of cement, it must be transported in compliance with certain requirements. Cement is a pulverized cargo, the loss of which as a result of spraying during transportation and loading and unloading operations on non-specialized rolling stock reaches 5-10%. In addition, cement hardens when even a small amount of moisture gets on it, and when the shelf life increases, it becomes caked. Cement dust is harmful to humans and environment, therefore, it is necessary to transport this material in closed, sealed tanks - cement trucks.

It is best to use cement immediately after purchase. If for some time it needs to be stored, it is better to do this in a well-ventilated and well-protected room from moisture. For the winter, paper bags with cement are recommended to be additionally placed in plastic bags. Loose cement can be stored in barrels tightly wrapped in plastic wrap. And be sure to ensure that the shelf life of cement does not exceed six months.

Preparation of the simplest cement mortar:

1. Cement is poured first, and then water is added (average 1 part water to 3 parts cement).
2. The finished solution is a homogeneous mass of sour cream consistency.
3. The mixture is stirred with a special mixer.
4. Trowel and spatula prepare the portions necessary for a particular type of work.

WHAT CEMENT?

It is difficult to imagine a more indispensable in construction and decoration than cement. It is used both in its pure form and as a component for the manufacture of masonry, plaster, concrete and other mixtures. There are many varieties of this material, but usually Portland cement is understood as cement, which, in turn, is also divided into several types, each of which has its own purpose.

WHAT IS CEMENT. PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY

In the manufacture of cement, either a mixture of natural materials (75-78% limestone and 22-25% clay) or limestone marl is used - a sedimentary stone-like rock that already contains both of these components, which greatly facilitates the process. The raw material is ground to raw meal and then continuously fired in rotary kilns at around 1450 °C.

If necessary, auxiliary components are added to improve sintering: quartz sand and substances containing iron oxide. In this way, cement clinker is obtained, which is then crushed to the final product. When grinding, additional components can be introduced into the composition in various proportions to obtain cement with certain characteristics. The qualitative and quantitative composition of these additives underlies the classification of cement types.

TYPES OF BUILDING CEMENT AND THEIR MARKING

Currently, there are two GOSTs in Russia that regulate the classification and quality of manufactured cement, so the labeling of different domestic manufacturers can vary significantly. In accordance with the Soviet GOST 10178-85, according to the material composition, cement is divided into the following types:

7 PCDO - Portland cement (without mineral additives);

7 NTs D5 or D20 - Portland cement with additives (no more than 5% or 20% of active mineral additives);

7 ShPTs - Portland slag cement (with the addition of granulated slag over 20%). Also, this GOST establishes strength grades (300-600), which are determined by the average compressive strength. In addition, the standard provides for the labeling of fast-hardening cement (B), the abbreviations PL and GF are used to denote the plasticization and hydrophobization of cement, respectively.

In 2003, a new GOST 31108-2003 was put into effect, which is harmonized with the pan-European standard EN 197-1 and contains requirements for the 12 types of general construction cements most suitable for use in construction conditions in the CIS countries. In accordance with this standard, according to the material composition, cements are already divided into five types:

7 CEM (CEM) I - Portland cement (without mineral additives);

7 CEM (CEM) II - Portland cement with mineral additives (not more than 35%);

7 CEM (CEM) III - slag port land cement (36-65% mineral additives);

7 CEM (CEM) IV - pozzolanic cement;

7 CEM (CEM) V - composite cement.

According to the content of Portland cement clinker and additives, cements of types CEM II - CEM V are divided into subtypes A and B. Instead of grades, this standard introduces compressive strength classes (22.5; 32.5; 42.5; 52.5), similar to those specified in EN 197-1. The values ​​of strength classes, in contrast to the average values ​​of strength grades, are probabilistic in nature and are established with a confidence level of 95%. According to the hardening rate, each class of cements (except for class 22.5) is divided into two subclasses: normally hardening (N) and fast hardening (B).

All European and many Russian manufacturers label their products in accordance with this pan-European classification. However, the former marking is still used by some domestic manufacturers (table).

To avoid unnecessary problems, costs and most accurately choose the type of cement you need, you need to know what exactly it will be intended for and in what conditions it will be used.

Having an accurate idea of ​​the future construction work, you can choose.

Portland cement without additives (CEM I / PC DO)

Pure Portland cement is characterized by very high performance and, accordingly, high cost. In private construction, such cement is used quite rarely, mainly for the manufacture of prefabricated and monolithic structures, since it has excellent frost resistance and an average degree of deformation during shrinkage. Most often, in such cases, cement with a strength class of 32.5 (M400) is used.

More durable cements are usually used for the construction of large industrial structures, airfield pavements and bridge structures.

Portland cement with mineral additives (CEM II / PC D5 or D20)

This is the largest and most widely used group of cements. Replacing expensive cement clinker with various mineral additives will reduce; em cost ceme

improves its individual characteristics, but at the same time, resistance to aggressive environmental influences also decreases. However, you can safely use such Portland cement for private, construction and household repairs, since its performance characteristics are sufficient for such types of work.

Just like pure Portland cement, cement with additives varies in strength classes. Most often, cement of class 32.5 (M400) or 42.5 (M500) is used for conventional construction. As additives, granulated blast-furnace slag (Sh), pozzolan (P), fly ash (3), gliezh or burnt shale (G), microsilica (M) or limestone (I) are used. These components are designed not only to compensate for the main properties of clinker while reducing its content in the final product, but also to improve some of its characteristics, such as plasticity or resistance to various influences.

Portland slag cement (CEM III / ShPTs)

This type of cement contains more than 35% blast-furnace slag, which determines its low cost. The process of curing it, unlike Portland cement, takes much longer, but over time, Portland slag cement shows better results. Best Properties it acquires during prolonged solidification in a humid, warm environment.

Portland slag cement also loses in resistance to environmental influences, especially low temperatures, therefore, in private construction it is often used for interior finishing work. At the same time, it is resistant to fresh and sea water and can be used in conditions of variable humidity.

Pozzolanic cement (CEM IV)

This cement is used for the construction of underwater and underground reinforced concrete structures, since it is highly resistant to fresh and sulfate waters. It is recommended to use it in conditions of constant high humidity.

But in ground structures in conditions of air hardening, as well as for structures that are in conditions of alternate moistening and drying, freezing and thawing, it is not recommended to use pozzolanic cement. The fact is that it has a rather low frost and air resistance.

Composite cement (CEM V)

It is obtained by adding gypsum stone and a complex additive consisting of several mineral components to cement clinker.

This is the youngest type of Portland cement, which was invented in order to reduce CO2 emissions into the atmosphere, as well as resource and energy saving. Composite cement is expected to eventually replace conventional Portland cement as new (hybrid) mineral additives can take cement performance to new levels. However, so far, precisely because of the novelty, composite cement is not very popular. In addition, the combined effect of various mineral additives is still poorly understood, so domestic manufacturers prefer to produce classic types of Portland cement.

When working with cement, it is imperative to wear gloves and goggles, since the interaction of cement with water forms a solution with high level pH, which can cause severe burns and necrosis. The danger of such exposure is not immediately clear, since symptoms appear several hours after contact.

The foundation, being the basis of any structure, must be poured from a material whose technical characteristics correspond to its mass and the nature of the soil of the site. Otherwise, already in the first year of operation of the structure, its partial or complete destruction is possible.

Grade of concrete for pouring the foundation

In fact, there are only two criteria for choosing a brand of cement for pouring the foundation:

• The brand of cement will depend on the brand of concrete that will be used to build the foundation. The brand of concrete, in turn, depends on the mass of the structure and the characteristics of the soil;
• Which brand of cement is available in your area.

Let's take a closer look at these two factors. In accordance with building codes and practical experience, the following recommendations can be given on the grade of concrete for the foundation, on which, in turn (and not vice versa), the factor under consideration depends - what brand of cement is needed for the foundation:

• M150 concrete is suitable for pouring lightly loaded foundations of courtyard buildings, light garages, fences and small wooden and foam concrete houses;
• Concrete M200, being the most common in low-rise construction the brand can be used for the construction of foundations for small residential buildings with light ceilings;
• Concrete M250, M300 or 350 is able to withstand significant loads from "heavy" private houses with a height of more than one floor, up to five-story cottages;
• Concrete grades M400, M450, M500 and higher in private housing construction is rarely used, due to a significant unreasonable rise in the cost of construction. As a rule, these concrete grades are used for pouring foundations for multi-storey buildings, overpasses, bridge crossings and other highly loaded structures.
• Depending on the nature of the soil, it is recommended to use the following grades of concrete. With rocky or dry sandy soil, concrete M200 or M250 will be enough to fill the foundation for any low-rise structure; for the more common in Russia "heaving" loam or clay with a close standing of groundwater, concrete should be used not lower than M250, best of all M300 or M350.

Which cement to choose?

Having considered the question of the possibility of using one or another brand of concrete for pouring the foundation, let's move on to the main factor under consideration: "What kind of cement is needed to pour the foundation?"

In accordance with the theoretical and practical data that you receive from various sources, for the preparation of the above concrete grades, you can use Portland cement grade M300 for concrete grades from M100 to M200 and Portland cement M400, M500 and M600 for concrete grades from M250 to M600. In other words, according to theory and practice, Portland cement grades can be used for pouring the foundation: M300, M400, M500 and M600.

M300 cement can be ignored. This brand of cement is practically out of production, so it is extremely difficult to purchase this cement. Mainly in retail sale packaged cement-sand mixtures of the M300 brand, the so-called "sand concrete", consisting of M400 cement and sand, arrive. In other words, we can say that the M300 cement brand does not exist in nature.

Before starting to build their own house, the developer decides which cement is best for the foundation to choose and use. Almost everyone knows that cement and concrete have their own brands. What do the numbers in the labeling of these building materials mean?

Cement marking

Cement is supplied by the manufacturer in paper bags, which are labeled. The brand of cement characterizes the strength properties of the material. The numbers following the letter M indicate the load in kilograms on the surface of the face of a cement cube with a side of 1 cm.

For example, cement grade 200 can withstand a load of 200 kg per 1 cm 2. To prepare a concrete mixture for pouring the base of a private house, cement is used for the foundation of grades M 400 and M 500.

Savings when using lower grade cement for the foundation of a house can lead to irreparable damage to the foundation.

Concrete marking

The brand of concrete depends on the strength characteristics of cement. For pouring the foundation of a private house, concrete grade M 300 is mainly used. Such concrete can withstand a load of 400 to 500 kg per 1 sq. see This is enough to build the foundation of a two-story private house.

There are a wide variety of types of cement with various additives. These can be substances that improve certain qualities of the material. As a rule, additives are used when performing special works. For the preparation of concrete pouring of the foundation, Portland cement is used without any additives.

The composition of the concrete mix for the foundation

The developer, who decides to lay the foundation of the house on his own, can order concrete of the desired grade at the nearest mortar unit. In the absence of such an opportunity, the concrete mixture of the desired grade is prepared independently at the construction site.

There are many sources of information on how to cook building mixture one brand or another. To obtain concrete of the desired grade, when preparing the mixture, certain proportions of the amount of constituent materials are observed. These are cement, sand, gravel and water.

For pouring the foundation of the house, concrete of the M 300 brand is chosen. Concrete of this brand is prepared using the material marking M 400 and M 500. When using M 400, cement, sand, crushed stone and water are laid in one batch in the following proportion: 1: 1, 9: 2, 8:0.6. The proportion of the weight parts of the constituent materials with M 500 will be: 1:2, 4:4, 3:0.6.

From this it can be seen that the M 500 will require less than the M 400. You need to know that the highest grade is always more expensive. The developer must choose for himself which brand is better to use for the foundation of his house.

Technology for the preparation of concrete for pouring the foundation

The process of preparing the concrete mixture must be inextricably linked with the pouring of the formwork of the base of the house. You should prepare for pouring the foundation so that the process is continuous.

It is necessary to consider the placement of a source of electricity, concrete mixers, water supply. Sand and gravel should be in convenient proximity. It is necessary to organize ways to deliver the finished solution to the formwork. Be sure to check the serviceability of the carts. Also check the working condition of the vibrators. The number of workers employed in this work is also important. All this must be done to ensure uninterrupted and rhythmic work on pouring the foundation.

If the house is small in size, then the foundation itself will be small, and in this case it is possible to complete all the work on pouring the formwork with concrete by the efforts of three or four workers.

You can use any suitable container (old trough) for mixing the solution. Water, in the absence of a nearby water supply, is poured into barrels or a large container. Sand and gravel are poured into heaps close to the tank. The cement is stored under a temporary shed.

Watch the video on how to properly mix the solution.

When purchasing, transporting and storing bags of cement, it is imperative to check the integrity of the container. Cement is hygroscopic and instantly absorbs moisture through gaps in the paper bag. As a result, this building material may become completely unusable.

Conclusion

Based on extensive practical experience in the construction of foundations for private houses, concrete mixtures are prepared using standard ratio parts of cement, sand and gravel in a ratio of 1:3:5.

When buying cement, be sure to check the packaging. The bag should not seem stone when probing. When opening the container, the powdered substance should easily spill through the fingers. If there are lumps, they should crumble easily. Otherwise, the fossils are an indication that the contents of the bag have become completely useless.

The cement in the opened bag is to be used immediately. Subject to the above norms and rules, the developer can be sure of the quality and reliable foundation of his own home.

The base of any structure, by definition, is subjected to maximum loads, including compression. As a binder, cement is used to prepare various mortars during work related to the reconstruction or repair of buildings and structures, and is also used in the process of building new facilities, including for arranging foundations of various types.

There are several types of cements, which differ in their compositions, characteristics and application specifics. Most often in construction, especially individual construction, Portland cements are used, which are made from finely ground clinker with a slight addition of gypsum (no more than 3.5%). Depending on the desired properties of the final product, other substances, called additives, can be introduced into the mixture. It is they who change the individual characteristics of the material or give it the qualities required by the conditions of further operation.

To answer the question of what kind of cement is needed for the foundation, you need to know what will be built on it. As already noted, any building has a foundation. But it is one thing to mount a foundation under a building and quite another, for example, under a garden gazebo, a plank shed or a light fence. In the latter case, it makes no sense to use expensive brands of cement, since the load on such foundations will be low.

What to consider when choosing a brand of cement

What brand of concrete do you need to get? It depends on the expected load on the base.
Is it supposed to be a quality finish of the foundation? For example, insulation, waterproofing.
Soil characteristics at the construction site (configuration of subsoil water layers, freezing depth, structural composition of the soil).

For foundations, concrete mortars with a brand of at least "200" are used. Experts recommend preparing the mixture on cements from "300" or more. The brands "400" or "500" are also implied. It makes no sense to acquire higher ones, since they are suitable for the construction of mainly various special facilities (bunkers, underground storage facilities, breakwaters, dams, etc.). The best option for the preparation of cement mortar for the foundation, the M400 brand is considered, since, according to the masters, it successfully combines both the quality of the final product (concrete) and the price of the material.

Almost any concrete solution can be prepared from such cement, therefore, in the private sector, this product is considered the most versatile. After all, even when building the foundation of a house, it is advisable, to save money, to use different brands of concrete. From a higher one, fill the tape around the perimeter of the building, and for the rest of the parts (under the internal walls, for arranging floors, etc.) use, for example, neither the M300, but the M150.

When calculating the amount of cement for the foundation, they are guided by the following ratio: binder - 1 part, sand - 3 parts, crushed stone - 5 parts. But here it is appropriate to pay attention to such a moment. If you look at various sites devoted to this issue, you can find some "inconsistencies". For example, on some it is recommended to take sand not in 3 parts, but at the rate of 2.8. It is easiest to attribute such inconsistencies to the insufficient qualifications of the authors.

But main reason not in this. You should also take into account some features of the remaining components:

What filler is used (gravel, crushed stone);
what are the fraction sizes?
hardness of water for solution preparation.

When deciding which cement is needed for the foundation, it is also necessary to understand the individual additives contained in the material. What do they give the finished concrete, what properties? About what substances are contained in cement, you can find out from its marking, by the corresponding letter (letter). Here are the most interesting for an individual developer.

"B"- fast curing. It is advisable to use, if necessary, to reduce the period of work at individual stages in order to immediately proceed to the next one.

"PL"- frost-resistant products (plasticized).

"SS"- sulfate-resistant brand of cement for the foundation. It is used when arranging the base in soils with the presence of aggressive chemical compounds.

"NC"- concrete based on it poorly absorbs moisture. Such cement allows you to somewhat simplify the process of subsequent waterproofing of the foundation.

As noted, different grades of cement are used for different buildings.

Light structures (prefabricated panels, country houses, fences, verandas and so on) - M200;
for buildings made of wood, cellular concrete - M250, M300;
preparation of mortar for foundations of more massive (for example, brick) structures is done using cements not lower than M350, M400.

Some Tips

1. Any cement has a certain shelf life. This does not mean that it cannot be used afterwards. But it is during this period that he will ensure the properties of the final product guaranteed by the Manufacturer. But in case of exceeding the deadline, the quality of the concrete monolith, in the first place, its strength, will be reduced.

According to some reports, products can lose their properties by about 30-40% in six months (depending on storage conditions). As a rule, people prepare for construction or repair in advance and, therefore, materials are purchased in advance. So it turns out that the brand of cement for the foundation "400" was purchased, but in fact it is already M250. Therefore, when compiling the mixture, this factor must be taken into account, otherwise the required strength of the foundation will not be provided.

2. Concrete mortar of the same brand can be prepared from different cements. Given that the prices for different types are different, in some cases a cheaper binder can be used. For example, instead of M300, take M200 or M150. But then it will be necessary to change the recommended share ratio of components, in particular, to increase the percentage of cement. But if it has a large brand, then its share is reduced.

Many people who are building their own home are interested in the question of which cement is best for the foundation. It's quite important aspect, since the quality of the foundation determines how long the building will last. This article will discuss the main nuances that should be considered when buying cement.

general information

Nowadays, on the shelves of construction stores you can find a huge number of different brands of domestic and foreign cement, so many people simply do not know which cement is best for the foundation. When choosing, you should take into account many factors, the main ones are:

• strength;
• compatibility with reinforced concrete structures;
• building type;
• weight of the future building;
• shelf life;
• availability of quality certificates.

All these parameters affect the quality, strength and durability of the foundation, therefore, when purchasing materials, they must be taken into account.

What brand of cement is best for the foundation? This question haunts many novice builders. Portland cement is considered ideal, since the solution prepared on its basis has high strength and excellent resistance to negative environmental factors. As for the choice of a specific brand, it all depends on what type of building the foundation will be poured for.

If you want to build a base for drainage system, then the use of materials with low strength is allowed, and which cement is better for the foundation of a house? For residential buildings, you should choose materials whose strength is 2 times higher than that of a concrete mixture. If you adhere to all building technologies, then cement must have a strength of M400.

Overview of the main brands of cement

To date, there are not many brands of cement that are suitable for the construction of residential buildings. If you do not know which cement is best for pouring the foundation, then here is a list of acceptable grades:

• PTS M400 D0 - a binder mixture from which high-strength cement is obtained, capable of withstanding very heavy loads and highly resistant to moisture and severe frosts;
• PC M400 D20 - cement good quality and at an affordable price. Possesses high resistance to aggressive environmental factors;
• PC M500 D0 is a high-quality binder mixture, in which the cement content reaches 99%. Ideal for pouring foundations for heavy residential buildings and small industrial facilities;
• PC M500 D20 is a material that, in terms of its properties and characteristics, is almost completely identical to the previous one, but has less strength.

For the foundation on which they will be non-residential buildings, other brands of slag-based cements can be used, but they are not suitable for heavy buildings.

Deciphering the marking of cements

To understand which cement is better for the foundation, the manufacturer does not matter at all, you need to learn how to understand the markings. In addition to the brand, the following parameters may be present in the abbreviation:

1. B - fast setting cement. Used on construction sites with a limited construction period.
2. PL is a plasticized binder that can withstand very low temperatures.
3. SS is one of the varieties of cement with increased resistance to negative environmental factors.
4. NTs - stressing PTs, having high resistance to moisture and high strength after solidification. It is used for pouring foundations in the basement, for building houses on difficult soils and for reconstructing buildings.

The ability to understand the marking of cement will allow you to avoid many mistakes in the construction process.

Varieties of additives in concrete

In order for concrete or the future foundation to be strong and durable, and also to have high performance characteristics, certain additives are included in its composition, which can be divided into the following types:

1. Plasticizers allow you to mix the solution with less water, so that the foundation will freeze much less during the cold season, will be stronger and more durable, and will not sag over time.
2. used in construction in the construction of houses in cold regions. They allow you to work normally with cement in severe frost.
3. Sealants help to increase the strength of concrete and are used for the construction of walls of small thickness.
4. Curing accelerators are used during construction deadlines, when it is necessary that the cement gain its strength as soon as possible after pouring.
5. Set retarders are used when it is necessary to keep the cement in a liquid state for a long period of time, for example, during transportation.

There are also universal additives that combine all of the above properties.

Concrete mixing: optimal proportions of materials

Knowing which cement is best to pour the foundation is not enough, since it is still necessary to be able to knead it correctly. Good concrete should contain at least 25% cement, but when preparing the mixture, follow the manufacturer's recommendations indicated on the package. To prepare cement for the foundation, you should choose a grade from M200 and higher, since a smaller grade is not able to withstand heavy loads and is unsuitable for building houses.

Good and with the right choice of PC, it consists of one part of cement, three parts of sand and five parts of gravel. As for water, its amount depends on the brand. building material, however, the minimum volume is 0.4 and the maximum does not exceed 0.65. It should be noted right away that these proportions are only suitable if you use high-quality materials.

Mixing process

So, we have already figured out which cement is best for the foundation, as well as the optimal proportions of materials necessary to obtain high-quality and durable concrete. Now we need to talk about what technology it is necessary to knead in order to make the finished mixture good. All work takes place in the following sequence:

1. First, 4/5 of the water is poured into the concrete mixer.
2. Then crushed stone or gravel is added.
3. Cement and sand are poured.
4. In the process of kneading, the remaining water is added in small portions.

If you are building in a region with difficult climatic conditions and frosty winters or on a flooded plot of land, then, in addition to the main components, special plasticizers are also added to the concrete, which significantly increase its operational properties. It is necessary to add them to the very end of the batch, while strictly adhering to the proportions specified by the manufacturer.

A few words about the price

What kind of cement is better for the foundation of a house, we now already know, but how much will it cost to buy materials? It all depends on what packaging you buy materials. Cement is sold in bags, big bags and by weight. The last option is the most profitable and will allow you to save a decent amount.

As for the average market prices for the CPU, the purchase of mixtures from well-known brands with high quality and excellent performance will cost approximately 4000-4500 rubles. The exact amount depends on the brand of the mixture and the presence of various additives in it that increase the resistance of cement to water and frost. If you buy in bulk in bags of 50 kg, then you will pay approximately 230 rubles per unit.

Cement from which manufacturers is better?

What cement is best for the foundation of a bath, and which manufacturers produce the highest quality mixtures today? It is very difficult to give an unambiguous answer to this question, since both domestic and foreign materials are on sale. Some experienced builders claim that American and European-made cement is better, however, given their high cost, not everyone can afford to buy these mixtures.

Among Russian companies engaged in the production of cement, the products of the Novgorod and Borshchevsky cement plants, as well as such companies as Sebryakovcement, Mikhailov Cement Rusean and some others are in great demand. All these companies produce high-quality PCs of various brands according to affordable prices, so the foundation will not cost you too much.