Liberation of Koenigsberg and East Prussia. Capture of the settlements of East Prussia On the southern borders


One of the most significant operations carried out by the Red Army in 1945 was the assault on Königsberg and the liberation of East Prussia.

Fortifications of the Grolman upper front, the Oberteich bastion after the surrender /

Fortifications of the Grolman upper front, Oberteich bastion. Courtyard.

Troops of the 10th Tank Corps of the 5th Guards Tank Army of the 2nd Belorussian Front occupy the city of Mühlhausen (now the Polish city of Mlynary) during the Mlavsko-Elbing operation.

German soldiers and officers taken prisoner during the assault on Koenigsberg.

A column of German prisoners is walking along the Hindenburg-Strasse in the city of Insterburg (East Prussia), towards the Lutheran Church (now the city of Chernyakhovsk, Lenin Street).

Soviet soldiers carry the weapons of their dead comrades after the battle in East Prussia.

Soviet soldiers are learning to overcome the barbed wire.

Soviet officers visiting one of the forts in the occupied Koenigsberg.

Machine-gun crew MG-42 firing near the railway station of the city of Goldap in battles with Soviet troops.

Ships in the frozen harbor of Pillau (now Baltiysk, Kaliningrad region of Russia), late January 1945.

Koenigsberg, Tragheim district after the assault, damaged building.

German grenadiers are moving towards the last Soviet positions near the railway station of the city of Goldap.

Koenigsberg. Barracks Kronprinz, tower.

Koenigsberg, one of the fortifications.

The air support ship "Hans Albrecht Wedel" receives refugees in the harbor of Pillau.

Advanced German detachments enter the city of Goldap in East Prussia, which was previously occupied by Soviet troops.

Koenigsberg, panorama of the ruins of the city.

The corpse of a German woman killed by an explosion in Metgethen in East Prussia.

The Pz.Kpfw. belonging to the 5th Panzer Division. V Ausf. G "Panther" on the street of the town of Goldap.

A German soldier hanged on the outskirts of Königsberg for looting. The inscription in German "Plündern wird mit-dem Tode bestraft!" translates as "Whoever robs will be executed!"

A Soviet soldier in a German Sdkfz 250 armored personnel carrier on a street in Koenigsberg.

Units of the German 5th Panzer Division move forward to counterattack against Soviet troops. District Kattenau, East Prussia. Tank Pz.Kpfw ahead. V Panther.

Koenigsberg, barricade on the street.

A battery of 88-mm anti-aircraft guns is preparing to repel a Soviet tank attack. East Prussia, mid-February 1945.

German positions on the outskirts of Koenigsberg. The inscription reads: "We will defend Koenigsberg." Propaganda photo.

Soviet self-propelled guns ISU-122S is fighting in Koenigsberg. 3rd Belorussian Front, April 1945.

German sentry on the bridge in the center of Koenigsberg.

A Soviet motorcyclist passes German self-propelled guns StuG IV and 105-mm howitzers abandoned on the road.

A German landing craft evacuating troops from the Heiligenbeil pocket enters the harbor of Pillau.

Koenigsberg, blown up pillbox.

Destroyed German self-propelled gun StuG III Ausf. G against the background of the Kronprinz tower, Königsberg.

Koenigsberg, panorama from the Don tower.

Kenisberg, April 1945. View of the Royal Castle

German StuG III assault gun shot down in Koenigsberg. In the foreground is a dead German soldier.

German vehicles on Mitteltragheim street in Koenigsberg after the assault. To the right and left are StuG III assault guns, in the background is a JgdPz IV tank destroyer.

Grolman upper front, Grolman bastion. Before the surrender of the fortress, it housed the headquarters of the 367th Wehrmacht Infantry Division.

On the street of the port of Pillau. German soldiers being evacuated leave their weapons and equipment before being loaded onto ships.

A German 88 mm FlaK 36/37 anti-aircraft gun abandoned on the outskirts of Koenigsberg.

Koenigsberg, panorama. Don Tower, Rossgarten Gate.

Königsberg, German bunker in the Horst Wessel Park area.

Unfinished barricade on Duke Albrecht Alley in Königsberg (now Telman Street).

Koenigsberg, destroyed German artillery battery.

German prisoners at the Sackheim Gate of Koenigsberg.

Koenigsberg, German trenches.

German machine-gun crew in position in Koenigsberg near the Don tower.

German refugees on Pillau Street pass by a column of Soviet self-propelled guns SU-76M.

Konigsberg, Friedrichsburg Gate after the assault.

Koenigsberg, Wrangel tower, moat.

View from the Don Tower to the Oberteich (Upper Pond), Koenigsberg.

On the street of Koenigsberg after the assault.

Koenigsberg, Wrangel tower after the surrender.

Corporal I.A. Gureev at the post at the border marker in East Prussia.

Soviet unit in a street fight in Koenigsberg.

Traffic controller sergeant Anya Karavaeva on the way to Koenigsberg.

Soviet soldiers in the city of Allenstein (now the city of Olsztyn in Poland) in East Prussia.

Artillerymen of Lieutenant Sofronov's Guards are fighting on Avaider Alley in Koenigsberg (now - Alley of the Brave).

The result of an air strike on German positions in East Prussia.

Soviet soldiers are fighting on the outskirts of Koenigsberg. 3rd Belorussian Front.

Soviet armored boat No. 214 in the Konigsberg Canal after the battle with a German tank.

German collection point for defective captured armored vehicles in the Königsberg area.

Evacuation of the remnants of the division "Grossdeutschland" in the area of ​​Pillau.

Abandoned in Koenigsberg German technology. In the foreground is a 150 mm sFH 18 howitzer.

Koenigsberg. Bridge across the moat to Rossgarten Gate. Don tower in the background

Abandoned German 105-mm howitzer le.F.H.18/40 in position in Königsberg.

A German soldier lights a cigarette at a StuG IV self-propelled gun.

A destroyed German tank Pz.Kpfw is on fire. V Ausf. G "Panther". 3rd Belorussian Front.

Soldiers of the Grossdeutschland division are loaded onto makeshift rafts to cross the Frisches Haff Bay (now the Kaliningrad Bay). Balga Peninsula, Cape Kalholz.

Soldiers of the division "Grossdeutschland" in positions on the Balga Peninsula.

Meeting of Soviet soldiers on the border with East Prussia. 3rd Belorussian Front.

The bow of a German transport sinking as a result of an attack by Baltic Fleet aircraft off the coast of East Prussia.

The pilot-observer of the reconnaissance aircraft Henschel Hs.126 takes pictures of the area during a training flight.

Destroyed German assault gun StuG IV. East Prussia, February 1945.

Seeing Soviet soldiers from Koenigsberg.

The Germans inspect a wrecked Soviet T-34-85 tank in the village of Nemmersdorf.

Tank "Panther" from the 5th Panzer Division of the Wehrmacht in Goldap.

German soldiers armed with Panzerfaust grenade launchers next to the MG 151/20 aircraft gun in the infantry version.

A column of German Panther tanks is moving towards the front in East Prussia.

Broken cars on the street taken by storm Koenigsberg. Soviet soldiers are in the background.

Troops of the Soviet 10th Panzer Corps and the bodies of German soldiers on Mühlhausen Street.

Soviet sappers walk down the street of the burning Insterburg in East Prussia.

A column of Soviet IS-2 tanks on a road in East Prussia. 1st Belorussian Front.

A Soviet officer inspects a German self-propelled gun "Jagdpanther" shot down in East Prussia.

Soviet soldiers are sleeping, resting after the battles, right on the street of Koenigsberg, taken by storm.

Koenigsberg, anti-tank barriers.

German refugees with a baby in Königsberg.

A short rally in the 8th company after reaching the state border of the USSR.

A group of pilots of the Normandy-Neman air regiment near the Yak-3 fighter in East Prussia.

A sixteen-year-old Volkssturm soldier armed with an MP 40 submachine gun. East Prussia.

Construction of fortifications, East Prussia, mid-July 1944.

Refugees from Königsberg moving towards Pillau, mid-February 1945.

German soldiers at a halt near Pillau.

German quad anti-aircraft gun FlaK 38, mounted on a tractor. Fischhausen (now Primorsk), East Prussia.

Civilians and a captured German soldier on Pillau Street during garbage collection after the end of the fighting for the city.

Boats of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet under repair in Pillau (now the city of Baltiysk in the Kaliningrad region of Russia).

German auxiliary ship "Franken" after the attack of Il-2 attack aircraft of the KBF Air Force.

Explosion of bombs on the German ship "Franken" as a result of the attack of Il-2 attack aircraft of the KBF Air Force

A breach from a heavy shell in the wall of the Oberteich bastion of the fortifications of the Grolman Upper Front of Koenigsberg.

The bodies of two German women and three children allegedly killed by Soviet soldiers in the town of Metgeten in East Prussia in January-February 1945. Propaganda German photo.

Transportation of the Soviet 280-mm mortar Br-5 in East Prussia.

Distribution of food to Soviet soldiers in Pillau after the end of the fighting for the city.

Soviet soldiers pass through a German settlement on the outskirts of Koenigsberg.

Broken German assault gun StuG IV on the streets of the city of Allenstein (now Olsztyn, Poland.)

Soviet infantry, supported by self-propelled guns SU-76, attacked German positions in the area of ​​Koenigsberg.

A column of self-propelled guns SU-85 on the march in East Prussia.

Sign "Autoroute to Berlin" on one of the roads of East Prussia.

Explosion on the tanker "Sassnitz". The tanker with a cargo of fuel was sunk on March 26, 1945, 30 miles from Liepaja by aircraft of the 51st Mine-Torpedo Air Regiment and the 11th Assault Air Division of the Air Force of the Baltic Fleet.

Air Force KBF aircraft bombardment of German transports and port facilities of Pillau.

The German ship-floating base of hydroaviation "Bölke" ("Boelcke"), attacked by the Il-2 squadron of the 7th Guards Assault Aviation Regiment of the Air Force of the Baltic Fleet, 7.5 km southeast of Cape Hel.

Pretentiously pompously executed for the money of patrons, the grave of a Soviet soldier near the ruins of the Balga castle (Bagrationovsky district of the Kaliningrad region). At the same time, during the erection of this inappropriate memorial, a memorial plaque was barbarously destroyed, installed here in the fall of 2014 by the Kaliningrad public in memory of the feat of the Red Army soldier Mikhail Markov. The pictures were taken on May 16, 2017 by a military journalist of the FSB of Russia, Grigory ZUEVIEM.



Let me remind you who the Red Army soldier Mikhail Markov is:

MARKOV Mikhail Alekseevich (1925-1945), submachine gunner of a company of submachine gunners of the 55th rifle regiment of the 176th rifle Masurian order of Suvorov division (II f) of the 31st army of the 3rd Belorussian Front, a Soviet soldier who for many years was officially listed as missing in East Prussia in February 1945, but his name who, as a result of Operation Kurgan (April 2004), was brought back from oblivion by detectives from the counter-terrorism department of the Operative Investigative Unit under the Western Department of Internal Affairs, a Red Army soldier (twice in 1943).
Born in 1925 in the village of Potemkino of the Shelomyansky village council (now do not exist) of the Krasnoborsky district of the Arkhangelsk region. Russian. Peasant worker. Relatives as of the beginning of 1945: mother - Markova Klavdiya Pavlovna; lived in the place where her son was born.
Education: in 1941 - incomplete secondary school at home; in October 1943 - courses for junior lieutenants of the Arkhangelsk military district.
During the period of the rally until December 1941, on the Komsomol mobilization, he worked on the construction of defensive structures on the territory of the former Karelian-Finnish SSR for the needs of the active Red Army. He was sent home due to severe physical exhaustion.
He was mobilized for military service on February 18, 1943 by the Krasnoborsky RVC. The first position here is a Red Army soldier of the 33rd reserve rifle regiment of the 29th reserve rifle division of the Arkhangelsk military district (Arkhangelsk military garrison).
In the active army since about the spring or summer of 1943. In a combat situation, he was wounded. Upon recovery, he was seconded to study at the Junior Lieutenant Courses of the Arkhangelsk Military District, which he successfully completed in October 1943, specializing in the Signal Corps.
In October 1943, junior lieutenant M.A. Markov, while still in Arkhangelsk, committed an offense discrediting the honor of a Soviet officer, for which in the same month he was demoted to the rank and file by the Military Tribunal of the Arkhangelsk Military District with a direction to atone for guilt with blood in the ranks of the active Red Army.
According to the materials of the Krasnoborsky RVC of the Arkhangelsk region for 1946 (TsAMO: f. 58, op. 977520, d. 45; results of a door-to-door survey), as of October 1943 - a soldier of the 404th separate linear communications battalion, a Red Army soldier.
Approximately from the spring of 1944, the Red Army soldier M.A. Markov - machine gunner of the 55th Infantry Regiment of the 176th Infantry (later - the Masurian Order of Suvorov) Division (II f) of the 32nd Army of the Karelian Front. In this capacity, he distinguished himself during the August battles of the forty-fourth, for which, on the basis of the order of the commander of the 55th Infantry Regiment No. 067 of August 21, 1944, he was awarded the medal "For Courage" (No. 1202809; certificate No. B249375).
On February 19, 1945, during the battle that the 55th Infantry Regiment fought that day near the East Prussian settlement of Langendorf (2 km north of the modern village of Kornevo, Bagrationovsky District), he was wounded and evacuated for treatment to the 128th separate medical and sanitary battalion 176 th Rifle Masurian Order of Kutuzov Division (II f), but did not arrive there. Due to this circumstance, he was officially registered as missing in February 1945.
The remains of the Red Army soldier M.A. Markov were discovered on April 13, 2004 by officers of the anti-terrorism department of the Operative Investigative Unit under the Western Department of Internal Affairs during the conduct of operational investigative activities in the Bagrationovsky district (the northern suburbs of the village of Pyatidorozhnoye) against representatives of the black arms market in the region.
Based on indirect signs (location of skeletons, weapons, etc.), the Soviet soldier died heroically in an unequal hand-to-hand fight, then single-handedly destroying six Nazis, including an officer with the rank of Lieutenant of the Luftwaffe.
The identity of the deceased hero was identified in August 2004 by the medal "For Courage" No. 1202809 found on him - through a request to the Central Archive of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. The next day, after receiving an official response from TsAMO, employees of the counter-terrorism department of the ORC at the Western Department of Internal Affairs, through colleagues from the Krasnoborsky RVC of the Arkhangelsk Region, found relatives of the Red Army soldier M.A. living there. Markov and contacted them by phone.
On September 9, 2004, representatives of the leadership of the Western Department of Internal Affairs and the command of the twice Red Banner Baltic Fleet, during a military mourning ceremony, handed over to the representatives of the official delegation of the Arkhangelsk region (head - I.I. Ivlev), which included the nephew of the deceased soldier - V.A. Bazhukov, the remains of the Red Army soldier M.A. Markov for reburial at home.
On September 15, 2004, he was buried with military honors in the cemetery of the village of Krasnoborsk, the regional center of the Arkhangelsk region.
At the request of the head of the Western Department of Internal Affairs, Major General of Police A.I. Chaplygin by the command of the twice Red Banner Baltic Fleet at the end of April 2005 was posthumously presented for awarding the Order of Courage by the President of the Russian Federation, however, unfortunately, this presentation was not implemented at the level of the Main Command of the Navy in the summer of that year.
Immortalized in the Kaliningrad region. So, in the area of ​​​​the death of a soldier - near the ruins of the Balga castle - on May 8, 2004, at the initiative of the journalist of Nezavisimaya Gazeta, holder of the Order of A.I. Ryabushev and the leadership of the Kaliningrad regional military commissariat during a rally organized by the leadership of the Pyatidorozhnaya rural administration of the Bagrationovsky district, a commemorative marble slab was installed for the first time: “To an unknown soldier, holder of the medal“ For Courage ”No. in the spring of 1945."
On September 8, 2004, at the initiative of the Military Memorial Group at the headquarters of the Baltic Fleet, also during the rally, this plate was replaced with another: “In memory of the feat of the Red Army soldier Mikhail Alekseevich MARKOV, born in 1925. 02/19/1945 died a heroic death in an unequal hand-to-hand fight, destroying 6 Nazis. The former one was handed over to representatives of the official delegation of the Arkhangelsk region for eternal storage in a museum in the hero's homeland.
In addition, the name of the Red Army soldier M.A. Markov is immortalized in the 18th volume of the Kaliningrad Regional Book of Memory "Let's call by name" - ss. 400-401 and pp. 445.

Fighting in East Prussia

East Prussia was the first German land on the path of our advancing army. This book contains memories of veterans of the 33rd Army. It was the soldiers of this long-suffering army, which defended Moscow in October-December 1941, and then died almost entirely along with its commander, Lieutenant General M.G. Efremov near Vyazma (April 1942), was the first to reach the border with East Prussia. And the first cannon shot at the positions of the enemy, who was trying to stop our troops at this line, was fired by the artillerymen of the 33rd Army. The East Prussian strategic offensive operation was undertaken by the troops of the 2nd, 3rd Belorussian and part of the forces of the 1st Baltic Front. The German defense had seven lines in depth and consisted of six upprayons. The Germans concentrated 780,000 people here, including 200,000 Volkssturm troops, 8,200 guns and mortars, 700 tanks, and 775 aircraft. The power of our troops was much higher. The outcome of the battle would actually have been predetermined, but the fight was brutal. The Germans understood that hostilities had already begun on their territory, that the war had come to their home ...

At the front, all safety is land. Just a little - dug a trench, and nothing can take you. A shovel at the front is the main weapon of a soldier. I did not have time to dig in - and you are not there at the first shelling. Shovel, spoon, pot. I have never seen it - but I reached Berlin itself! - for a soldier to throw a shovel, spoon or bowler somewhere. Everything used to be thrown, but this - never.

In East Prussia, we, one might say, crawled on our belly. The Germans there resisted especially strongly.

Here, in East Prussia, I was struck by this. There are many cattle in every village, in every yard. One mistress may have 10 or 15 cows. Looks like cows were driven here from all over the Soviet Union. From all occupied territory. Our people worked on the farms. Stolen. Our little girls, fifteen or seventeen years old. From our Russian regions, Belarus, Ukraine. They were in slavery.

There were no men among the owners. Apparently, everyone was drafted into the army, everyone fought.

I remember how we entered East Prussia.

They went to the breakthrough in continuous fog. There was almost no possibility of using heavy equipment. Aviation was at the airfields. And tanks, and armored personnel carriers, and "Katyushas" were behind us. We will advance a kilometer or two, and they will follow us a kilometer or two. They were not brought into battle. And then, when we broke through to the full depth, the tanks went into this breakthrough in a continuous avalanche. At night, with the headlights on. In the fog They walked ahead of us for five or six hours. Almost all night. We looked at this roaring stream and thought: well, the colossus has gone, now you can’t stop it. In the morning we followed them.

This is how East Prussia was cut off from Central Germany.

We took the first village - there are only two old women, ancient, pre-ancient. "Where are the people?" - we ask them. And they told us: “They all left. We were told: the Russians would come, with horns, they would kill everyone and hang them. Go away. That's all they left. And we are already old, we are not afraid of death. They came up to us, touched us, made sure: don't go to hell, there are no horns. Further - more Germans began to appear. And young grandmothers were soon seen. But we are on this account - no, no. True, we were still given condoms. Just in case. Like gas masks at the beginning of the war. The guys are all young!

And once… We were standing somewhere, the fires were lit. The Germans are far away. The harmonica played. The guys immediately: “Gop, with a close! ..” A whirlwind has begun! All young! Perky! In medals! Who has two!

The Germans, civilians, were buried.

And there were, in East Prussia, the farms of the Poles. These are cheeky. As soon as we arrived, they are already trading. And they sell all sorts of nonsense that there is nothing to buy. Here is one polka walked-walked around us. Nobody buys anything from her. Emboldened, approached, pushed me: “You! Fart zholnezh! It's something like: you fucking soldier!

I turn around and she immediately: “Tso chebo perdolyudo dubu your uterus is also a whore asshole boova!” Her eyes immediately popped out - and how she rushed to run! Guys to me: “How do you know Polish?” I told them that before the war on farms near Kaluga we spoke four languages: Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian and Polish.

I was assigned to a reconnaissance platoon. Like a sniper. We rested. The lieutenant commander, the commander of the reconnaissance platoon, comes and says: “Who knows Polish?” - "I," I say, "I know a little." - "Went".

We come to the farm. And there already some Pole has pitched a tent, sells mash, pours it with a ladle. To me the lieutenant commander: “Ask what money he takes - ours or Polish?” I told him: “Yaki pan bere penenzy?” - "Ah, what difference does it make, what ports are, what is sloppy." Yeah, the Pole, we look, he got merry, you can deal with this about everything. Drank platoon brew. You see, I liked it. I see it's already been torn down a bit. And: "You tell him that we need two girls." I to a Pole: “Sir, two turks are required.” - “And why will I be a mother?” - Penenza. - “Welcome. Bandit hard." Then the lieutenant commander told me: “Tell him that the girls should be reliable. Well, this is ... So that you don’t catch any infection from them. And then here, after the Germans ... "I am a Pole. He laughed: "Better, better, pan officer."

I'm coming to the platoon. And the rumor has already spread. Intelligence service! And all the guys forgot my last name and began to call me: “Pan Kalinovsky! Pan Kalinovsky! That's what they called me until I was wounded on that cursed spit.

I went to the front as a volunteer. I, of Khokhlatsk and Cossack origin, wanted to get into the cavalry. Therefore, I spent a long time at the transit point in Solnechnogorsk. Everyone was waiting for the recruiters from the cavalry unit to arrive. Few of us remained there, fifteen people. Everyone was disassembled. And then a midshipman from the Baltic Fleet arrives. He came and started arguing with the commandant: why, he says, are there no people at the transit point? I, he says, should take 72 people from you, and here there are only 15! Commandant: shortage, they say, this and that ... "Well, make up a construction site." And then I was already a clerk at the transit point. There were few smart people. I make a list, but I don't include myself. Midshipman to me: “Where is your last name?” I told him: so, they say, and so, I decided to join the cavalry ... “Your head is stupid! - he - to me. - What cavalry?! Another war has begun! Do you know that any seedy sailor is head and shoulders above the best soldier?!"

I agreed.

Training crew in Peterhof. They taught me to be a battalion. This is the captain and assistant foreman. At the same time he studied medicine. Acquired the specialty of a medical instructor. In battle, he was supposed to provide first aid.

There was very little left for me. Already began to drive on ships. But soon they were expelled from the crew and sent to a separate airborne battalion marines. We were expelled for this: once, while on leave, we, several sailors, played a trick on a policewoman - we took away her revolver. She started crying. We returned the gun to her. They even apologized. And she take it and report the incident. I didn't get the joke...

In February 1945, we already stormed Insterburg. The town is small. Old fortress.

Before us, the Germans had already beaten off several attacks. A lot of ours got hurt. The infantry regiment advanced. Exhausted. The headquarters of the 87th division began to decide: who? Who? Come on half a day.

We raised our 88th combined airborne battalion. Summed up to the original. All the guys were smart. Not one battle has passed. They broke in. Oh, there was...

Melee. You won't tell it. Have you ever heard how bones break? And how do people growl like an animal? The entire pea coat is covered in blood, and only a dozen rounds of ammunition have been used up in the submachine gun disk. And they fired while they fled to the fortress.

I don't remember any of mine. Everything is like in a dream. Only then do my hands hurt. And whose blood is on the jacket, on the boots ... And whose blood? The one who gets in the way.

Another time, we, 750 paratroopers, were landed on the coast of the Frische-Nerung Spit in small ships. It was necessary to seize a bridgehead, cut the spit and prevent the Germans from using the spit when retreating from Brandenburg and Pilau to Danzig, so that they would not go to the Allies.

Four o'clock in the morning. We got out to the beach. It hasn't dawned yet. It was April 1945. The pier was not prepared and we jumped straight into the water. The boats supported us as best they could, firing heavy machine guns along the shore. And the Germans had artillery batteries buried there. They found us almost immediately. And how they gave shrapnel! And shrapnel is such a nasty thing. It breaks at the top. You can't hide from it anywhere, neither in a trench, nor in a funnel.

Our company commander was such a troubled lieutenant. It used to be that everyone was running ahead of us, the first to attack rose. In Insterburg, he was also the first to rush into the German trench. And as soon as he leaned out of the trench, he immediately hit his helmet with a fragment. The helmet fell apart. I crawled up to him. We put him at the bottom of the trench. He told us: “Guys, leave me. Bandaging is useless. Hold on. I won't let you leave." And then he died.

The command of the company was taken over by midshipman Kopyltsov.

For half a day we were thoroughly ground there. A little more than 80 people remained in the ranks. Many were injured. It is difficult to advance without the support of heavy weapons.

I was contused and wounded in the leg. I was so shell-shocked that I came to my senses only in August.

When we went to the landing, it was ordered not to take any documents with us. And so I, wounded and shell-shocked, was taken out of the spit and sent to a hospital in Druskininkai. My wound soon healed, but the concussion did not go away.

And once the hospital was attacked by a gang of Lithuanians, "forest brothers". Panic set in. The people all ran somewhere. Screams. It was as if hand-to-hand combat began ... And then, during this panic, I came to my senses. I woke up, I looked, on the back of my bunk there was a sign: "Unknown sailor."

And a notice went home from the battalion headquarters that, they say, so and so, your son, senior sailor Viktor Sumnikov, went missing during the battle ...

In August I wrote a letter home that I was alive and recovering.

And the "forest brothers" came to us for food. Starved in their forest. They did not touch the lying ones. But the battalion of convalescents, which immediately resisted, was laid down almost entirely. They also had machine guns and grenades. Many of the wounded jumped out through the windows and fled along the highway towards Kaunas. When I came to my senses, I also ran along this road. We were picked up by passing cars. Everyone who could, fled from the hospital. We didn't have any weapons. And towards Druskininkai, at high speed, a column of trucks with NKVD troops was already rushing. I remember this: they had numbers on their uniforms.

When I came to my senses, I asked the guys: what date is it today. They called. "What month?" - "August". It was my birthday. I am eighteen years old.

But for what I was awarded the Ushakov medal. In fact, I don't have it now. Stole. But the certificate is intact.

1945 East Prussia.

We went ahead. Reconnaissance in combat. Polundra immediately broke through the defenses, we trampled their trenches and trenches and rushed into the depths. Passed through a narrow wedge. And soon they were in the rear. What about the rear? There are no troops in the rear. There is no one to fight. We walked a little along the front and have already begun to draw close to the trenches. We had to go back to ours. We went to the valley. The valley is like a ditch. Me and a few other infantrymen are sent to reconnaissance. Went. We look: in that hollow the Germans stopped. Weapons in the pyramids. Breakfast is cooked, it smells like food. They're babbling something. I listened but didn't understand anything. And it was interesting to find out what they said - I have always been sensitive and curious about languages. We returned and reported.

So, our commanders were also dashing guys. We decided to take them, those Germans. Several platoons went around. We overlaid them on all sides. They didn't even feel anything. The outposts were silently withdrawn. Polundra skillfully worked with Finns. We got up on a prearranged signal: “Polundra!” They immediately perked up. They shouted: “Schwarzen Teufel! Schwarzen Teufel! And not a single shot. We were also ordered not to open fire - until the first shot from the other side. It's good that none of them had time to grab their weapons ... We have already installed machine guns. Some guys, I look, the Finns put them in their tops. Everyone would be put down to one. Only one officer drew a pistol and was about to shoot himself, but a sailor rushed towards him and knocked the pistol out of his hand with the butt of a machine gun. We took them all prisoner. They brought 250 people to the battalion.

When they took him, I ran up to one, kicked him, shoved him with the barrel of my machine gun. He, I see, immediately burst into tears, covered in soot ... I asked later: “Wifel yare?” And he showed me on his fingers that he was born in the twenty-eighth year. One year younger than me. No, there were already other Germans there, not as impudent as those who came to us here, near Kaluga, near Moscow. There were already remnants, zamukhryshki. The old and the intractable youth. They had no artillery. Small arms, mostly rifles.

Once, in front of Insterburg, they also went to reconnaissance in battle. All battalions. We were given a mortar company in support. There we cut them up nicely. Didn't give up. And when they don’t give up, the half-heart gets so much anger ...

I remember we became friends with one junior sergeant from the mortar crew. For two weeks we ate from the same pot. On April 14 he was wounded.

He kept wanting to find an accordion. Let's take some village, the houses are empty. He told me: "Let's go see if we can find an accordion." I told him: “Vasya, what is this - an accordion?” I did not know then what kind of thing this is - an accordion. On the farm, we only had an accordion. And he told me: “Yes, this is such a yellow accordion. Only with keys. We'll find it, I'll show you how to play it."

One day he climbed into the attic and was blown up by a mine.

Thirty-six years later, I find out that here we have a head of public utilities with the same last name. I come: "Vasily Ivanovich?" - "Yes". - "Was there in forty-five?" - "Was". Learned. Embraced. Gathered at my house. Noted.

Vetrov Vasily Ivanovich is my fighting comrade. In East Prussia, we gave them great food. Our chaps, the marines, and the mortars. If we lingered a little somewhere, their machine gun or cannon is there, the mortars immediately - a volley there. Everything, the passage is free, you can move on.

Last year I went to a dispensary, ours, the old man's, beyond Kaluga, it's not far from here. I come home, and my Yegorovna says to me: “They buried Vasily Ivanovich.”

The battles for Miskau were very difficult. In a few days we managed to drive the Germans out of only two trenches. It was not possible to take the city on the move. And again we have losses in the battalion. Meshvelyan was killed, Adylov and Erashov were wounded.

These days, in the middle of March, we saw American pilots. They made shuttle flights to bombard Germany. And then an American heavy bomber crashed. Either they shot him down, or they knocked him out somewhere else far in front of us. He started to fall. And the pilots from it fell like peas and soon hung on parachutes. We ran up to one, which landed at the location of our battalion. At first he was frightened, he thought that he had come to the Germans. And then he was very happy to learn that we are the Red Army.

We have lost again these days. Tulepov was blown up by a mine. And when the attacks on Miskau resumed, Adylbekov and Pilipenko died. Two are wounded: Likhov and Osechkin.

Too bad I didn't make it to Berlin. It didn't happen. I was sent to study at a military school.

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"January 24, 1945. Gumbinnen - We passed through the entire city, which was relatively undamaged during the battle. Some buildings are completely destroyed, others are still on fire. They are said to have been set on fire by our soldiers.
In this rather large town, furniture and other household utensils are scattered on the streets. On the walls of houses, inscriptions are visible everywhere: "Death to Bolshevism." Thus, the Fritz tried to campaign among their soldiers.
In the evening we talked in Gumbinnen with the prisoners. It turned out to be four Fritz and two Poles. Apparently, the mood in the German troops is not very good, they themselves surrendered and now they say: "We don't care where we work - in Germany or in Russia."
We quickly reached Insterburg. From the car window you can see the landscape typical of East Prussia: roads lined with trees, villages in which all the houses are covered with tiles, fields that are surrounded by barbed wire fences to protect against livestock.
Insterburg turned out to be bigger than Gumbinnen. The whole city is still in smoke. Houses are burning down. Endless columns of soldiers and trucks pass through the city: such a joyful picture for us, but so formidable for the enemy. This is retribution for everything the Germans have done to us. Now German cities are being destroyed, and their population will finally know what it is: war!


We drive further along the highway in the passenger car of the headquarters of the 11th army towards Königsberg to find the 5th artillery corps there. The highway is full of heavy trucks.
The villages we meet on our way are partly badly destroyed. It is striking that we come across very few wrecked Soviet tanks, not at all like it was in the first days of the offensive.
Along the way, we meet columns of the civilian population, which, under the protection of our submachine gunners, are sent to the rear, away from the front. Some Germans ride in large covered wagons. Teenagers, men, women and girls go on foot. All good clothes. It would be interesting to talk with them about the future.

Soon we stop for the night. Finally we got to a rich country! Everywhere you can see herds of livestock roaming the fields. Yesterday and today we boiled and fried two chickens a day.
Everything in the house is very well equipped. The Germans left almost all their household belongings. I am compelled to think again about what a great grief this war brings with it.
It passes like a fiery whirlwind through cities and villages, leaving behind smoking ruins, trucks and tanks mangled by explosions, and mountains of corpses of soldiers and civilians.
Now let the Germans see and feel what war is! How much grief is still in this world! I hope that Adolf Hitler does not have long to wait for the noose prepared for him.

January 26, 1945. Petersdorf near Velau. - Here, on this sector of the front, our troops were four kilometers from Koenigsberg. The 2nd Belorussian Front went to the sea near Danzig.
Thus, East Prussia is completely cut off. In fact, it is already almost in our hands. We are driving along Velau. The city is still burning, it is completely destroyed. Everywhere smoke and corpses of the Germans. On the streets you can see many guns abandoned by the Germans and the corpses of German soldiers in the sewers.
These are signs of the brutal defeat of the German troops. Everyone is celebrating the victory. Soldiers cook food on a fire. Fritz abandoned everything. Entire herds of livestock roam the fields. The surviving houses are full of excellent furniture and utensils. On the walls you can see paintings, mirrors, photographs.

Many houses were set on fire by our infantry. Everything happens as the Russian proverb says: "As it comes around, it will respond!" The Germans did this in Russia in 1941 and 1942, and now in 1945 it echoed here in East Prussia.
I see a weapon covered with a knitted blanket being carried past. Nice disguise! On another gun lies a mattress, and on the mattress, wrapped in a blanket, a Red Army soldier sleeps.
To the left of the highway, you can see an interesting picture: two camels are being led there. A captive Fritz with a bandaged head is led past us. Angry soldiers shout in his face: "Well, did you conquer Russia?" With their fists and the butts of their machine guns, they urge him on, pushing him in the back.

January 27, 1945. The village of Starkenberg. - The village looks very peaceful. The room of the house where we stayed is light and cozy. From afar comes the sound of cannonade. This is a battle in Koenigsberg. The position of the Germans is hopeless.
And now the time comes when we can pay for everything. Ours treated East Prussia no worse than the Germans did with the Smolensk region. We hate the Germans and Germany with all our heart.
For example, in one of the houses of the village, our guys saw a murdered woman with two children. And on the street you can often see dead civilians. The Germans themselves deserved this on our part, because they were the first to behave this way towards the civilian population of the occupied regions.
One only needs to remember Majdanek and the theory of the superman to understand why our soldiers bring East Prussia to such a state with such satisfaction. But German composure in Majdanek was a hundred times worse. In addition, the Germans glorified the war!

January 28, 1945. We played cards until two o'clock in the morning. The houses were abandoned by the Germans in a chaotic state. The Germans had a lot of all sorts of property. But now everything is in complete disarray. The furniture in the houses is just great. Each house is full of a variety of utensils. Most Germans lived quite well.
War, war - when will you end? For three years and seven months this destruction of human lives, the results of human labor and monuments of cultural heritage has been going on.
Towns and villages are burning, the treasures of thousands of years of labor are disappearing. And the nonentities in Berlin are doing their best to keep this one-of-a-kind battle in the history of mankind as long as possible. Therefore, hatred is born, which is poured out on Germany.
February 1, 1945. - In the village we saw a long column of modern slaves, whom the Germans drove to Germany from all over Europe. Our troops invaded Germany on a broad front. The allies are coming too. Yes, Hitler wanted to crush the whole world. Instead, he crushed Germany.

February 2, 1945. - We have arrived in Fuchsberg. Finally, we reached our destination - the headquarters of the 33rd Tank Brigade. I learned from a Red Army soldier from the 24th Tank Brigade that thirteen people from our brigade, including several officers, had been poisoned. They drank denatured alcohol. That's where the love of alcohol can lead!
On the way we met several columns of German civilians. Mostly women and children. Many carried their children in their arms. They looked pale and scared. When asked if they were Germans, they hastened to answer "Yes."
There was a clear stamp of fear on their faces. They had no reason to be glad that they were Germans. At the same time, quite nice faces could be seen among them.

Last night, the soldiers of the division told me about some things that can not be approved. In the house where the headquarters of the division was located, the evacuated women and children were placed at night.
Drunken soldiers began to come there one after another. They chose women for themselves, took them aside and raped them. There were several men for every woman.
Such behavior is unacceptable. Revenge, of course, is necessary, but not in this way, but with weapons. You can somehow understand those whose loved ones were killed by the Germans. But the rape of young girls - no, this is unacceptable!
In my opinion, the command must soon put an end to such crimes, as well as to the unnecessary destruction of property. For example, soldiers spend the night in some house, in the morning they leave and set fire to the house or recklessly break mirrors and break furniture.
After all, it is clear that all these things will one day be transported to Soviet Union. But while we live here and, carrying out soldier's service, we will continue to live. Such crimes only undermine the morale of the soldiers and weaken discipline, which leads to a decrease in combat capability."

September 1944 - February 1945

On January 19, 1945, he received an order by radio to remove posts, relocate a platoon to the village of T. and wait for further instructions.

Three months ago we already crossed the border of East Prussia.

One of the divisions of our army made a breach in the defensive barriers on the border.

The sappers filled up the ditch, destroyed five lines of barbed wire barriers and eliminated another ditch or rampart. Thus, a hole fifteen meters wide was formed in the barriers, inside which a country road from Poland to East Prussia passed ...

A hundred meters later the highway began, on the right and on the left there was a forest, a few kilometers - and the road to the Hollubien manor. It was a two-story, red-tiled house surrounded by all sorts of services.

Inside, the walls were decorated with carpets and tapestries from the 17th century.

In one of the offices, a picture of Rokotov hung on the wall, and next to and throughout the house there were many family photographs, daguerreotypes of the beginning of the century, generals, officers surrounded by smart ladies and children, then officers in helmets with shakos who returned from the war of 1914, and very recent photographs: boys with armbands with swastikas and their sisters, apparently students, and, finally, photographs of young SS lieutenants lost on the fronts of Russia, the last generation of this traditionally military aristocratic family.

Between the photographs hung family portraits of the Prussian barons, and suddenly again two paintings - one by Rokotov, and the other by Borovikovsky, trophy portraits of Russian generals, their children and wives.

Our infantrymen and tankers, who had visited this “museum” before us, did not remain indifferent to the hunting lodge of the Prussian kings: all the mirrors enclosed in gilded frames were broken by them, all the featherbeds and pillows were ripped open, all the furniture, all the floors were covered with a layer of fluff and feathers. In the corridor hung a tapestry reproducing the famous painting by Rubens "The Birth of Aphrodite from the Foam of the Sea." Someone, carrying out his revenge on the conquerors, wrote a popular word of three letters across with black oil paint.

Tapestry one and a half meters, with three letters, reminded me of my Moscow, pre-war passion for art. I rolled it up and put it in my captured German suitcase, which had served me as a pillow for three months.

Looked out the window.

The farmstead, which consisted of a traveling palace and brick service buildings, was surrounded by a cast-iron grating, and behind the grating, in the green meadows, as far as the eye could see, an incredible number of huge black-and-white thoroughbred cows wandered, groaned and mooed. A week has passed since the Germans - both the troops and the population - left without fighting. Nobody milked the cows.

Swollen udder, pain, moaning. Two of my telephone operators, formerly village girls, milked several buckets of milk, but it was bitter, and we did not drink it. Then I noticed the infernal fuss in the yard. One of the signalers found a chicken coop among the brick buildings, opened the iron gates, and hundreds of hungry thoroughbred chickens ran out into the yard. My soldiers seemed to go crazy. They ran and jumped like crazy, catching chickens and tearing off their heads. Then they found the boiler. Gutted and plucked.

There were already more than a hundred chickens in the cauldron, and there were forty-five people in my platoon. And so they cooked the broth and ate until, from fatigue, they fell down somewhere and fell asleep. It was the evening of our first day in East Prussia.

Two hours later, my entire platoon fell ill. They woke up, quickly jumped up and ran behind the chicken coop.

In the morning, a messenger from the company headquarters arrived in a truck and unfolded a topographic map.


A few kilometers from the border, and therefore, from us, was the rich East Prussian city of Goldap.

The day before, our divisions surrounded it, but there were no residents or German soldiers in the city, and when the regiments and divisions entered the city, the generals and officers completely lost control over them. Infantrymen and tankers fled to apartments and shops.

Through broken shop windows, all the contents of stores were dumped onto the sidewalks of the streets.

Thousands of pairs of shoes, dishes, radios, dinner sets, all kinds of household and pharmacy goods and products - all mixed up.

And clothes, linen, pillows, featherbeds, blankets, paintings, gramophones and musical instruments were thrown out of the windows of the apartments. Barricades were set up in the streets. And it was at this time that the German artillery and mortars began to work. Several German reserve divisions almost instantly threw our demoralized units out of the city. But at the request of the front headquarters, it was already reported to the Supreme Commander-in-Chief about the capture of the first German city. I had to take the city again. However, the Germans again knocked out ours, but did not enter it themselves. And the city became neutral.

We run behind the barn.

In the yard, two soldiers from a separate anti-aircraft artillery brigade say that the city has changed hands three times already, and this morning it has become neutral again, but the road is under fire. My God!

See the old German city with your own eyes! I get into the car with the former civilian driver Corporal Starikov. Hurry, hurry! We rush along the highway, mines are falling to the right and left of us. Just in case, I duck, but the firing zone is behind me. And in front, as on captured German postcards, covered with red tiles, between some marble fountains and monuments at crossroads, pointed houses with weather vanes.

We stop in the center of an almost empty city.

Europe! Everything is interesting!

But this is AWOL, we must immediately return to the unit.

All the doors of the apartments are open, and on the beds there are real pillows in pillowcases, blankets in duvet covers, and in the kitchen, in multi-colored tubes, aromatic spices. In the pantries - jars with homemade canned food, soups and a variety of main courses, and something that you never dreamed of in a dream - in corked half-liter jars (what kind of technology without heating?) the freshest butter. Own production of wine, and liqueurs, and tinctures, and Italian vermouths, and cognacs.

And in the wardrobes on hangers are new, different sizes, civil suits, troikas. Another ten minutes. We can't help but change our clothes and, like girls, we circle in front of the mirrors. God we are beautiful!

But time!

We quickly change clothes, throw pillows, blankets, feather beds, watches, lighters out of the windows. I'm tormented by thoughts. I remembered at that moment how a few months ago I came to Moscow for five days.

The shelves in the stores are empty, everything is on the cards. How happy my mother was about my additional officer's ration - a can of combined fat and two cans of American pork stew, and even every meal that I received on a ten-day travel certificate, somewhere in the officer's canteen in Syromyatniki and brought it home.

And the housemates are half-starved.

Why am I? And here. We, half-starved and tortured, are winning, and the Germans lost the war, but they do not need anything, they are full.

I thought about this when, with Starikov, I filled the back of the truck with pillows, feather beds, blankets in order to distribute them to all my soldiers so that they could sleep like a human for at least three nights. They haven't seen pillows for three, and some for all six years.

We are not alone in the city. Like us, several dozen soldiers and officers from other military units of our army collect trophies, and trucks of various systems from one and a half to Studebakers and Willis - either thirty, or already forty. And suddenly a German Focke-Wulf appears over the city - such a fidgety and terribly maneuverable German intelligence officer - and after about ten minutes the German batteries begin shelling the city. We move quickly. Shells explode ahead and behind us, and we are entangled in unfamiliar lanes and streets. But I have a compass, we keep heading east and, in the end, rushing past our burning abandoned trucks, we get onto the highway we came along, again we get under fire, but we are lucky, and in the evening we drive up to the headquarters of our company.

The commander of our separate company, instead of Captain Rozhitsky, who was promoted in rank and rank and sent to the east as part of several units of the 31st Army, was my friend, Senior Lieutenant Alexei Tarasov. For a whole year, one orderly for two, one dugout for two, a candidate of technical sciences, an artist. I remember how he mocked the cretin bosses.

He speaks with a colonel or general, stands at attention.

Yes, Comrade General!

And suddenly imperceptibly somehow bends. It happens in an instant, and it's like a different person. The figure, the face change, he is like two drops of water similar to the one he is talking to, but a complete idiot: the tongue falls out of his mouth and hangs out, a freak, but absolutely in character. It is he who parodies army arrogance, and sometimes stupid, stubborn straightforwardness. And I see everything, inside the hamstrings are shaking with laughter, with fear for him, because the whole performance is arranged for me. A second - and he again stands at attention, eats with his eyes, reports, and the authorities have no idea about anything.

However, he remembered almost all of Blok, Baratynsky, Tyutchev, I read my poems to him, and how much and what we didn’t talk about: everything about ourselves, everything about the country, everything about art, we couldn’t live without each other.

Our quartermaster, senior lieutenant Shcherbakov, stole food, uniforms, exchanged from the population for moonshine and wine, and supplied companies of higher commanders at the expense of soldiers. Tarasov and I terribly hated him. When Tarasov became a company commander, he called Shcherbakov and told him everything. And he stopped stealing, but decided to take revenge on us on occasion and restore everything as it was. By the way, it wasn't just us.

Suspecting nothing, we swung at the system. Tarasov was the commander, at his request I was already the commander of a control platoon for two weeks ...

But I'm going back.

We come under fire, but we are lucky, in the evening we drive up to the headquarters of our company. This is a large one-story house.

Officers, telephone operators and telephone operators run out. I distribute pillows and blankets. Delight! Blankets in duvet covers! Pillows! They slept for three years - a backpack under their heads, covered themselves with overcoats, in winter they wrapped them around themselves. The evening will catch on the way - they kindled a fire, lay down on the snow around the fire, very close to each other. Winter. One side freezes, and the side facing the fire lights up. The attendant will wake up. You turn over to the other side, and everything starts all over again.

I invite Tarasov, Shcherbakov, put five bottles of wine with foreign labels on the table. We drink to victory. Let's go to sleep.

At three o'clock in the morning my orderly wakes me up.

Urgently to Tarasov. I go to Tarasov, and he has Shcherbakov, the driver Lebedev, the driver Petrov, two female signalmen. It turns out that after we parted ways in the evening, Shcherbakov, in agreement with Tarasov, sent my Starikov to neutral Goldap for trophies, and with him three soldiers and two telephone operators. And as soon as they reached the city center, a random German mine exploded next to our lorry.

Shrapnel pierced three tires, and Starikov was wounded by one of the fragments.

Dark starless night.

A neutral city, where both our and German scouts move with caution.

By the light of a flashlight, the girls, as best they could, bandaged the raving Starikov, carried the wounded man to an empty two-story house opposite our damaged car.

Two remained with him, and the rest - a soldier and two telephone operators - on foot, after an hour of wandering, they reached one of our advanced units, from there they contacted the company headquarters by phone. The duty officer woke Captain Tarasov, Senior Lieutenant Shcherbakov, who decided to immediately send two cars to Goldap for rescue, transportation to the Starikov hospital and repair and removal of our damaged lorry.

Tarasov called me because only I knew the only road to the cleared passage or passage through the border, where the sappers of our army filled up a ditch for ten meters and cleared a passage in six lines of barbed wire, next to the border sign indicating the entrance to East Prussia.

I sit in the car next to the driver Lebedev. Everyone has two machine guns and several grenades. I do remember the road. In front of the city, a kilometer of the highway being shot through, we rush at full speed. The city is dark and scary, and now and then come across broken cars and the corpses of our trophy workers, who were less fortunate than me. With difficulty, by the number, we find our car. We scream. A soldier and a telephone operator come out of the house.

While Lebedev and Petrov rearrange the wheels on the damaged car, just in case, we take up defense in the house. Starikov groans. Apart from the wheels, Starikov's car is in perfect order. You can leave in an hour.

I go out into the street, ten meters away the silhouettes of several cars. I approach: people are killed, cabins and engines are damaged, and bodies are loaded to the top with trophies. I order to fit our empty cars to the broken ones and reload the trophies from the bodies.

Time moves fast, it starts to brighten. Hurry, Hurry! And here we are, in three cars, moving off and along the already familiar streets we leave for the highway. Shells and mines are exploding to the right and left of us, but we safely enter the forest at full speed, then follow the signs to find field hospital, and at about six in the morning we drive into the courtyard of our headquarters platoon. All sleep. I lie down on the pillow, I wake up at ten o'clock.

There are two sentries near the cars. I want to see what we brought, but they won't let me near the cars. I find Tarasov, I ask, what's the matter? And he turns away, then suddenly with an evil face, an icy voice:

- Lieutenant Rabichev! March all around!

- Are you out of your mind? I tell my best friend. But the friend is no more. There are trophies and Shcherbakov. Shocked, I can not find a place for myself. This has never happened before in the entire war.

I am writing a report - a statement with a request to transfer me to work, instead of the commander of a control platoon, as a commander of a linear platoon, in order to go with divisions and regiments, away from the company and army headquarters.

There is no friendship - there are trophies. Back to Poland.

And here I am again with my telephone operators and telephone operators, with the orderly Korolev, on horseback, on foot, in passing cars. Three months. Relations with Tarasov are purely official, I look at him with contempt, he looks away. My former chaste friend, now a bosom drinking companion of the disgusting thief Shcherbakov. Meanwhile, our troops are leaving East Prussia, retreating to the territory of the former Polish Corridor and going on the defensive for three months. The Poles are friendly, but the existence is semi-beggarly. I go into the kitchen. For some reason the walls are black. I want to lean against the wall, and a swarm of flies rises into the air. And there are fleas in the house. But I have a huge double bed and a separate room. And the old owner kept the memory of pre-revolutionary Russia and the pre-revolutionary Russian ruble. Korolev buys a pig from him for one ruble.

“What are you doing,” I tell him, “this is a blatant deception. He thinks that this is a pre-revolutionary gold ruble.

I explain to the owner, but he does not believe me, and remains convinced that I am joking. Oh, pan lieutenant, oh, ruble! The whole army is taking advantage of the situation, and the Poles will understand that the Russians deceived them, after a few months, they will remember this and will not forgive.

Meanwhile, somewhere at the end of the third month of the defense, Tarasov calls me and, as if nothing had happened between us, persuades me to return to the company headquarters. The fact is that as a specialist he appreciates me extremely, my original proposals for improving the entire system of intra-army communications were highly appreciated, and personally I was thanked in the order along the front, and the order to start the offensive had already been received. East Prussia is ahead again. I saw the former Tarasov, he turned to me for help, the matter was important, and the duty demanded it. And I agreed to return to the headquarters, again became the commander of the control platoon.


For two days, having deprived ourselves of sleep and rest, Tarasov and I developed eighteen routes for each group of our signalmen for the week ahead. In order not to get into trouble, they coordinated redeployment plans with generals, chiefs of staff of corps and divisions, as well as with the army artillery commander, with a separate anti-aircraft artillery brigade, consistently brought platoon commanders, foreman of the company up to date. This was a new thing for us, at the level of even a separate army company, never practiced by anyone, and it was so beautiful on topographic maps and on the charts that we invented, made with love and in pre-formulated, printed and pre-distributed orders, which we felt themselves either as Benigsons or as Bagrations.

On the eve of the offensive, Shcherbakov was invited and for several hours they acquainted him with their plans. He had six covered trucks at his disposal, and according to the schedule, he had to quickly transfer people, equipment, cable, radio stations, weapons, and food to the designated points on time.

We could not even imagine that in order to compromise us in the eyes of the army command that believed in us, and to the detriment of the whole cause of the offensive, he would change everything.

He will send vehicles with weapons and equipment to completely different places than people.

I do not remember all the details, but our company was put out of action for two days, with difficulty brought into working condition and lagged behind the advancing divisions and regiments by a hundred kilometers.

It was, after all, fixable.

Along the magnificent, completely cleared roads, in cars stuffed with signalmen, property, ammunition and food, in one column, without stopping, we swept through the burning cities and farms, through the burning city of Insterburg to the right and left of us. Swallowing hot air mixed with smoke, with scorched eyelashes, and in the middle of the second day, completely exhausted and starting to lose my bearings, I decided to stop in a surviving German cottage located fifty meters from the highway.

All six vehicles and the radio station of the RSB for communication with the headquarters of the army and the front were at my disposal. Tarasov and Shcherbakov on the company "Willis" lagged behind, and not by chance.

Shcherbakov, with an orderly and with his girlfriend Anya, captured another twenty-year-old telephone operator from the headquarters of the division, Rita, and a ten-liter bottle of vodka, and he and Tarasov stopped in some surviving cottage a day ago. In the evening they drank to the offensive, and at night Shcherbakov slipped the half-drunk Tarasov the luxurious and highly experienced girl Rita, with whom only she had already slept. Chaste, proud and talented, Tarasov could not live without her on the second day, and on the fifth day he found Rita in the attic with the soldier Sitsukov lying on her.

But this is a different story. By a whim of nature, the member of the frail degenerate Sitsukov was up to the knees. None of the signalers, snipers and nurses read Freud, but they all felt something. Curiosity, unbridledness, or something really was surreal, some kind of feeling incomparable to anything in life, but as soon as this long-nosed, lop-eared, with a small chin and pendulous lip gave a sign to any woman within my line of sight, she immediately walked behind him and forever remained the smitten dream of Sitsukov.

My former friend, my current boss, Captain Tarasov, having found Sitsukov on Rita in December 1944, climbs into the attic of the German cottage in which our headquarters is located, and cuts the veins in both his arms. His orderly saved him when he was already on the border of life and death. He bandaged his hands and took him to the hospital. And in the evening, Rita was pulled out of the noose, on which she was already hanging, and barely pumped out.

These are Romeo and Juliet who showed up in our unit. Returning from the hospital, Tarasov called me and ordered to enroll Rita in my platoon. I knew that I deliberately did not get close to my telephone operators.

We had many conversations on this topic.

I explained my position to him a long time ago. Yes, I liked many of them and dreamed at night. I secretly fell in love first with Katya, then with Nadia, then with Anya, who rushed to meet me, snuggled up, kissed me, and even invited me, pretending that this was a joke. But I knew that this was serious, and I knew myself that if I went forward, I would no longer be able to stop, all statutory relations would go to hell. I will wear it in my arms and I will no longer be able to be a self-respecting commander. If she is indulged, then already, in fairness, to everyone, but then how to work and fight?

I must say that the former Tarasov thought and acted the same way as I did. But there was another reason.

I understood how difficult it was for these eighteen-year-old girls to exist at the front in conditions of complete lack of hygiene, in clothes not adapted for combat operations, in stockings that either torn or slipped, in tarpaulin boots that either got wet or rubbed their legs, skirts that made it difficult to run and some were too long, while others were too short, when no one considered the fact that menstruation existed, when none of the soldiers and officers gave passage, and among them were not only boys in love, but also sophisticated sadists.

How stubbornly they defended their womanhood in the first months, and then fell in love first with a soldier, then with a lieutenant, and the senior scoundrel officer began to harass this soldier, and in the end this girl had to lie under this scoundrel, who, at best, threw, and at worst publicly mocked, and it happened, and beat. How then she walked from hand to hand, and could no longer stop, and learned to drink her forced crippled youth with her hundred grams of vodka ...

This is how a person is arranged, that everything bad is first forgotten, and subsequently romanticized, and who will remember that already six months later they left for the rear after pregnancy, some gave birth to children and remained in civilian life, while others, and there were much more of them, had abortions and returned to their units until the next abortion.

There were exceptions. There were exits.

The best thing is to become a PPJ, a general's field wife, worse - a colonel (the general will take it away) ...


In February 1944, the generals of the army headquarters heard a rumor about a signal lieutenant who, in modern terms, does not fuck his women.

And several PJs stubbornly cheated on their lovers, generals with green soldiers. And now, by order of the commander of the army, my platoon is given a new telephone center - six telephone operators who have made a mistake in the field of love, six PZH who have betrayed their generals: the chief of the political department of the army, the chief of staff, the commander of two corps, the chief quartermaster and I still don’t remember which military leaders.

All of them are depraved, spoiled by fate and at first helpless in the conditions of nomadic dugout life.

I appoint them as their head absolutely positive person heroic build, jack of all trades master, senior sergeant Polyansky. I know how much he misses his wife and four daughters. His assistant is an elderly family man Dobritsyn. Together they dig a dugout. They cut down trees. Bunks in two tiers, three reels, an iron barrel - an oven, a table for telephone sets, a rack for machine guns, shell casings, cartridges, grenades. All the villages around are burned, everything has to be done by hand.

The girls are swearing, but Polyansky's multi-stage hoarse obscenity conquers and pacifies them. A week passes, they seem to be fulfilling their mission, but under what conditions? How did the relationship develop? And I'm going and get to know each other, and check their professional suitability, and it's interesting to see, they say that they are beauties.

I ride about twelve kilometers along a fascinated road laid by army sappers through an impenetrable and continuous network of swamps. To the right and to the left is a stunted birch forest, water.

Every hundred meters there is a junction - a small log platform, somewhat reminiscent of a raft. Each log, two and a half meters long, is fastened with steel ropes to the adjacent front and adjacent rear ones, and on the sides there are vertical fixing logs that go deep into solid layers of earth lying under a layer of water and silt. Both the sidings and the road are laid through deep swamps, through a bog. You can’t drive off the road - you stumble and you won’t get out. And in the heated air, mosquitoes, midges, dragonflies. It is quite unpleasant to wait at the crossing until the next oncoming car passes. The horse is frightened, does not stand still.

If you pull on the bridle, it starts to back away, now and then you have to get off. However, the swamp chain ends. On a country road, higher, higher, I take out the compass, I look. According to the map, four hundred meters to the west of the former village.

Indeed, on the hill is a girl with a gun.

I announced my departure by phone, and they are waiting for me.

Polyansky comes out of the dugout, reports, five girls are getting out.

I get off the horse. Irka Mikheeva, who has already been in my platoon twice in two years, rushes to meet me, kisses me and hangs on my neck. This is both a bit of hooliganism and a desire to show our comrades-in-arms that we are friends. She has been indifferent to me for a long time, but I hide my pleasure from this public meeting with her. Even near Yartsevo, a year ago, she called me to the nearest forest:

Let's go, lieutenant! Why the fuck don't you want me?

“I can’t, Irina, and I don’t want to cheat on my bride,” I say, and I myself almost have a fever, and she shakes her head doubtfully:

- You're some kind of freak.

I go down the stairs to the dugout.

The girls dragged from somewhere feather beds, pillows, blankets. I check the machines, everything is lubricated, in order, they also understand telephone sets. Polyansky taught them how to pull the line, and how to eliminate breaks, and how to change batteries or accumulators.

They shot at empty cans. Well done Polyansky - and taught this.

In the evening I tell what is happening at the fronts and in the world, and they do not hesitate - who, how and with whom twisted novels, about whom - with regret and love, about whom with disgust.

Upstairs there are empty bunks, pine logs covered with a layer of spruce branches, I spread my raincoat, I want to climb in, and on the lower bunks below me, Irka, she threw off her tunic and skirt, and takes off her panties and stockings.

“Lieutenant,” he says, “you won’t fall asleep on the logs, come, b ..., to sleep with me!”

I am twenty-one years old, I am not made of iron or stone, and Polyansky adds fuel to the fire:

- What are you going to toil on the logs, go to Irka.

His eyes darkened with excitement. The thought flashes: “In front of everyone?”

And then Anya Gureeva, who studied as a ballerina as a civilian, cheated on the chief of staff of the army with my radio operator Bollot, crept up from behind, hugged her in the ear:

- Do not go to Irka, but to me!

- Girls, e ... your mother, stop, b ..., fool around! - And I break out of hot hands, pull myself up on my hands, and onto my cape, onto branches, onto my overcoat. And the heart beats, and in my thoughts a complete mess. And that I’m like a eunuch, let it all go to hell, I’ll count to twenty - if Irka calls again, then even if the whole world turns upside down - I’ll lie down and unite my life with her.

But the world is not upside down. I counted to twenty, and she was already sleeping, she got tired on duty and fell asleep instantly.

Until the morning I suffer on logs. What before my temptations of Saint Anthony?

At six in the morning it is already light. I'm leaving the dugout. Polyansky wakes up and helps me saddle the horse. Melancholy devours me, I drive along the fascinated road, after three hours I leave for the Minsk highway and fall under mortar shelling, but this shelling is not aimed, the mines fall forty meters from me, a couple of fragments rush past. Opposite Kornilov's post, there, in the dugout, there were only peasants and not a single coward. The Germans are eight hundred meters away. They have been working in this dugout for the third month.

Here both mines and shells burst, communication breaks every now and then, and you have to go to the line, but as long as everyone is alive, God has mercy. They greet me joyfully, but, as if knocked down, I fall on the bunk and fall asleep.

Sixty-five years have passed.

I am infinitely sorry that I did not sleep with either Irina, or Anna, or Nadia, or Polina, or Vera Peterson, or Masha Zakharova.

Polina was bandaging my legs when, in December 1942, I arrived from the school with deep, suppurating dystrophic ulcers, I was in pain, but I smiled, and she bandaged and smiled, and I kissed her, and she locked the dugout door on a hook, and I was like paralyzed. And so we sat, clinging to each other, on her greatcoat for three hours.

I was walking with Masha Zakharova on some urgent matter, and we did not notice how the day was over, and went into the house of the gunners, asked permission to spend the night, settled down on the floor, I laid out my overcoat, and covered ourselves with Machine's overcoat. The sweet, yearning girl Masha suddenly clung to me and began to kiss me. The duty sergeant was sitting at the table by the telephone, and I felt ashamed to surrender to the feeling that was devouring me in front of the sergeant.

What was it?


“A few days ago we entered Lithuania. In Poland, the population speaks Russian quite tolerably. Everything is blacker in Lithuania. And the floors are unwashed, and flies in droves, and packs of fleas. However, it seems to me that in a few days all this will be far behind ... True, now you have to sleep very little ... A new anniversary is approaching. Where will it have to be done? Allenstein ahead. Next door to me is a slightly early arrived unit. She was ordered to settle in Koenigsberg. Happy travels to her!

Today I received a salary in Polish money at the rate of one ruble - one zloty ... "


“Dear Lenechka! The fourth anniversary is coming, and the war is dragging on. We both dream of celebrating the New, forty-fifth year with you, but we will have to wait patiently. My dear! Be vigilant and circumspect.

The presumptuous beast is rabid, does not stop its villainy, and we will continue to hope that soon all disasters will end, that we will definitely meet. While we continue to write letters.

This is the only pleasure. We have nothing new, letters other than yours are also not received. You write that you have dirt, but we have a strong winter since November. In December it was 23 degrees of frost, but the weather is good, there is a lot of sun.

In our apartment it is much better than in previous winters - 10-12 degrees Celsius, and this is already tolerable, and if you close the kitchen, it is quite warm. On December 31, I will drink to your health (I can’t drink, but I will drink to your health). Hugs and kisses tightly, your mother.

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