Tulips. Myths, stories and legends. Tulips: history, cultivation and care Red and yellow tulips origin

Borrowing from Italian, where tulipano, apparently, is formed from the Turkish borrowing tultent - "turban". The shape of the flower and the turban are similar.

1. A plant of the lily family, ornamental, bulbous.
2. The official flower of the city of Ottawa.
3. Superhero Bruce Willis had such a flowery nickname in the comedy The Nine Yards.
4. What flower festival is usually held in mid-May in the American city of Holland?
5. The Turks called this plant kaffa, from where it came to Europe, borrowing its name from the Turkish word "turban", which it resembled in shape, but what did it become called now?
6. Nickname of Fanfan (movie).
7. Holland flower.
8. Garden flower.

Tulip

tulip,

tulips,

tulip,

tulips

tulip,

tulips

tulip,

tulips,

tulip,

tulips

tulip,

tulips

(Source: "Full accentuated paradigm according to A. A. Zaliznyak")

Tulip

– a piston for fastening the door trim 2105.

tulip tulip tulpan, tulipan - the same (Dal). The first form is from the French. tulipan, modern tulipe - the same, and the rest, probably - through the old. new-in.-n. Tulipan (1586; see Kluge-Götze 634) or it. tulipano from pers.-tour. tülbend "turban", literally "nettle cloth"; see Littman 115 ff.; Mi. TEl. I, 287; 2, 181; Nachtr. I, 60; EW 365. Etymological dictionary of the Russian language. - M.: Progress M. R. Vasmer 1964-1973

tulip, m. (It. tulipano). 1. Bulbous ornamental plant of this family. lily, with beautiful cap-shaped flowers. 2. Tree family. magnoliaceae with flowers similar to tulip flowers (bot.). 3. Glass cap for an electric lamp (special). 4. Marine animal of the barnacle category, intermediate between slugs and crustaceans (zool.).

Persian symbol of perfect love. Emblem of the Turkish house of the Ottomans and Holland.

(Tulipa), a genus of bulbous herbs in the lily family (Liliaceae) native to the Mediterranean and Asia, numbering about a hundred species. Erect plants with thick basal and stem leaves and cup-shaped or goblet-shaped, usually upward-pointing single flowers. The ease of cultivation, the variety of colors and perianth shapes, as well as the long flowering period and low price have led to the fact that for many centuries tulips have been the most popular spring-flowering bulbous species among gardeners. Garden tulips are the result of a long and complex hybridization, so their exact origin is unknown. There are thousands of varieties with a rather complex division into groups. Among the most common types are simple early ones, used mainly for winter forcing in greenhouses; blooming in May cottage with a wide range of colors of a monophonic perianth; Darwinian - late varieties, characterized by long stems and large flowers; breeder's with dim...

m. 1) Bulbous ornamental plant of the lily family with large beautiful flowers. 2) The flower of such a plant.

A, m. Bulbous plant of this family. lily with large bright flowers. II adj. tulip, th, th. Tulip bulb..

Tulip

TULIP a, m. tulipe germ. Tulpe, Tulpian, etc. tulipano pers. tulbend turban. bulbous plant. lily with large beautiful flowers; bred as an ornamental. BAS-1. A faded valley under old plane trees, Dried springs and ditches Dotted with purple tulips And gold foliage. Bunin farewell.- Lex. Lex. 1762: tulip; SAN 1847: Tulip; Dal-3: tulipan, tulipan, tulipan; PPE: tulle(s) pan 10s 18th century, tulip 1730.

Historical Dictionary of Gal...

Tulip (Tulipa)

genus of perennial herbaceous plants of the lily family. Bulb ovoid, rarely oblong-ovate or round-ovate, membranous. Stem cylindrical, erect, height from 6 to 50 cm, with 2-6 leaves; ends with one brightly colored flower (rarely several flowers), opening on a sunny day and closing at night and in cloudy weather. The fruit is a 3-sided box, the seeds are flat, brown-yellow. Cross pollinated. Propagated by seeds, in culture - by seeds and daughter bulbs, which are formed in the axils of the scales of the mother bulb. There are about 140 species in the genus, growing mainly in Southern Europe, Asia Minor, East and Western Asia; in the USSR - 83 species, mainly in Central Asia, from ...

tulip

noun, number of synonyms: (8)

Ring (35)

Perennial (40)

Petticoat (2)

Plant (4012)

Tulip (1)

Florosa (1)

Flower (234)

Ephemeroid (8)

(from Persian dulbend - turban). Bulbous plant of the lily family.

(Source: "Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language". Chudinov A.N., 1910)

1) rast. family lily, equipped with a bulb. There are about 50 types. Wild t. with yellow flowers - avg. and southern Europe. Garden t. - an ornamental plant; 2) glass. caps into which electric light bulbs are inserted.

(Source: "Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language". Pavlenkov F., 1907)

bulbous plant with beautiful long-lived flowers.

(Source: "The Complete Dictionary of Foreign Words Used in the Russian Language". Popov M., 1907)

German

Tulip `Biological Encyclopedic Dictionary`

(Tulipa), a genus of perennial herbs of the family. lily. Stem high 6-50 cm, with 2-3 (5) leaves and 1 (rarely several) bright flower. Propagated by seeds. OK. 100 species, in the temperate zone of Eurasia (main sample in Central Asia). In the USSR - approx. 80 species, in Wed. Asia, south and the center, districts of Europe. parts, in the Caucasus and in southern Siberia. Grow in semi-deserts, deserts, steppes, rarely among shrubs and broad-leaved. forests, in all belts of mountains. Mn. T. - decor, plants. Bloom in spring. Cultivars (more than 4000) are combined into a combined view of T. Gesner (T. gesneriana). In culture since the 16th century. (in Turkey). T. Albert (T. albertii), T. Calle (T. sallieri), T. Greig (T. greigii), T. Kaufman (T. kaufmanniana) - in the Red Book of the USSR.

tulip

TULIP-a; m.[ital. tulipano] Bulbous plant of this family. lily with large beautiful flowers (cultivated as an ornamental). Steppe, mountain tulips. Breed varieties of tulips. early tulips. The cups of tulips opened. Bouquet of tulips. / About smth. shaped like a tulip flower. Sink-tulip. Tulip skirt.

◁ Tulip (see). Tulip, th, th. T trees.

Tulip genus of perennial bulbous plants of the lily family. OK. 100 species, in the south of Europe, in Asia. Varieties (more than 4000) with flowers of various shapes and colors are used in ornamental gardening, for winter forcing.

Tulip (Tulipa), a genus of perennial bulbous districts of this family. lilac, decor. district. OK. 100 species, in Eurasia, in the USSR - approx. 80 species, Ch. arr. on Wednesday. Asia. T. - one of the main. cultures prom. floriculture in many countries, especially the Netherlands. Numerous cultivars (about 2500 industrial varieties only), with large flowers of various shapes (goblet, cup-shaped, spherical, lily, peony, parrot, etc.) and colors (red of all shades to almost black [black], orange, yellow [ yellow], brown, purple, white), belong to the species of T. Gesner (T. gesnerana), T. Foster (T. fosterana), T. Kaufman (T. kaufmanuana) and others; they are usually combined into a combined view of T. hybrid (G. hibridum). T. is propagated by daughter bulbs, which are planted in the ground at a depth. 8-15 cm in September-October. Color...

TULIP(lat. Tulipa). The origin of the name "tulip" according to one version is associated with a headdress - a turban (from the Persian "toliban", "tulipam"), moreover, some philologists believe that it was not the Turks who called it that, but the Europeans. According to another, on the contrary, the headdress was named after this flower for its resemblance to the shape of its bud.

It is a symbol of love, happiness, success, wealth.

Wild tulips have been known for a long time, but, "No matter how beautiful the tulip is in its color, no matter how original its shape ... strangely, for some reason, neither Greek nor Roman mythology created any legend about it." (N.F. Zolotnitsky, "Flowers in Legends and Traditions". Moscow, 1913). But its history, perhaps like no other flower, is shrouded in amazing legends and myths.

The first country where tulips were introduced into culture was Persia, from there they came to Turkey, and in 1554, despite the ban under pain of death to export tulip bulbs, the Austrian ambassador brought them to Vienna, from there they go to Holland, from which to In 1702, Peter I brought them to Russia.

In Holland, the fever for quick and easy money, called tulip mania, swept through all segments of the population, since the demand for these fashionable flowers was huge.

The most expensive tulip - "August forever"

A document has been preserved on the sale of a tulip bulb of the “Vice-roi” (vice-king) variety for one silver cup, 12 sheep, 8 pigs, 4 fat bulls, 4 pounds of cheese, 4 barrels of beer, 2 barrels of oil, 2 barrels of wine, 48 quarters of rye, 24 quarters of wheat, and a bunch of dresses. The most expensive tulip, "Semper Augustus" (August Forever), was sold for 13,000 guilders - the cost of almost five hectares of land.

And for those who grow a black tulip, a prize of 100,000 guilders was announced (for this amount at that time you could buy several houses). And in 1637, on May 15, a black tulip was paraded in a crystal vase. In honor of him, a magnificent celebration was held with the participation of royal people. True, it was rather a dark shade of burgundy or purple, and a truly black tulip was bred only 300 years later.

In Russia, wild tulips were known as early as the 12th century, they were called "lazoriki". And although azure is a bright blue, “heavenly” color, in the old days azure was often called plants with pink, scarlet and red flowers, such as adonis, peony, tar, in consonance with the words “dawn”, “dawn” . And the Don legend had its own explanation for this name.

The shoemaker Grigory lived in the village. He was not rich, but he did not ask for alms either. Everything was fine in the house, the children were growing up. The elder Lazar fell in love with Zorka, the daughter of the village chieftain, and she reciprocated. But the ataman was a domineering and stern man. And although he knew about their love, but in his thoughts he did not hold his daughter to marry the son of a shoemaker. He had in mind the son of the captain of the military, he planned to play a wedding in the fall. The girl told her boyfriend about it. Lazar fell at the feet of his father, began to ask to send matchmakers to Zaryanka, the chieftain would suddenly soften. But the father flatly refused: “It’s not good to chop a tree! I will not be ashamed before the Cossacks of the unevenness of my son in marriage. Then they decided to run away to a distant village and get married there. And although anxiety overcame them due to the fact that they went against their parental will, happiness and youth took their toll. From the love that overwhelmed them, everything around them seemed beautiful: flowers, and singing birds, and the blue spring sky. The girl ran ahead of her beloved, singing an old wedding song. And suddenly Lazar noticed that under the feet of his sweetheart flowers of extraordinary beauty were growing, which had never been here before. He froze in bewilderment, and then picked several huge red flowers with a yellow center, gave them to his beloved, who immediately wove them into a wreath. This wreath became her main wedding decoration. The young people got married in a small church in a distant village. A year later, they had a son, and a year later, a daughter. Here the grandfathers could not stand it, they wanted to see their grandchildren. And, seeing how happy their children were, they took them back to the village, forgiving their disobedience. And where the lovers once walked, flowers of amazing beauty have been blooming since then, which the locals call in honor of Lazar and Zoryanka - lapis lazoriki.

Since ancient times, there has been a belief in the villages that the souls of Cossacks who died in battles in the spring move into the scarlet heads of steppe tulips and burn with drops of scarlet blood. And therefore, from time immemorial, the lazorik flower has never been torn, because it is their souls that look at us, reminding us of themselves.

The tulip is a symbol of the Kalmyk steppe, which is the main growing area of ​​wild tulips in our country. The Kalmyk legend says that the souls of dead ancestors return once a year in the form of tulips to breathe in the clean air of their native steppe. By picking a tulip, we deprive one of them of the opportunity to be on their native land.

According to an old Uzbek belief, a blue tulip blooms high in the mountains on sheer cliffs every year in spring. The one who finds this beautiful flower will be happy all his life, in all matters he will be lucky.

You can also find a black tulip in the steppe that blooms once every nine years. Anyone who sees a black flower should in no case touch it. You just need to stand by and make a wish. You can meet a magic flower only once in your life, and this meeting will bring happiness, but on one condition - in no case should you reveal to others the place where the black tulip grows. And in European countries, the black tulip was a symbol of royalty, a sign of nobility.

In the language of flowers, a red tulip means a declaration of passionate love, pink is a sign of happiness, joy, white symbolizes tenderness, purity, sincere love. Yellow tulips, contrary to popular belief, are not at all a sign of separation and betrayal. According to legend, the bud of a yellow tulip contains happiness, it is a symbol of a happy smile of a loved one, joy; lilac tulips are given as a sign of affection, warmth.

Tulips, in comparison with other flowers, are characterized by an extraordinary growth rate - up to two centimeters per day!

The name TULIP comes from the Persian word toliban ("turban"), and this name is given to the flower for the similarity of its buds with an oriental headdress that resembled a turban.

Tulip Legends

The story of the tulip... And the second flower was a tulip, sitting right on its stem and completely alone, but it was not a tulip of some royal flower garden, but an old tulip that grew out of the blood of a dragon, a tulip of the kind that bloomed in Iran, and the color of which said to the goblet of old wine: "I intoxicate without touching the lips!" - and to the blazing hearth: "I burn, but I do not burn out!" ("Thousand and One Nights")

The first written mention of the tulip dates back to the 11th-12th centuries. His images were found in the handwritten Bible of the time. In ancient literary Persian works, the flower was called "dulbash" - a turban, as the headdress was called in the East, resembling a flower in shape.

Tulip flowers were very fond of Turkish sultans, wishing to have carpets of natural flowers in their gardens. At the time of night feasts in the open air, at the behest of the lords, tortoises with lighted candles attached to the shell were released into the vast flower beds. The will-o'-the-wisps among the beautiful flowers were magnificent. The Persian poet Hafiz wrote about the tulip: "Even the rose itself cannot compare with its virgin charm." One old manuscript says: "This flower has no smell, like a beautiful peacock - songs. But the tulip became famous for its colorful petals, and the important peacock for its unusual plumage."

The legend about the tulip says that it was in the bud of the yellow tulip that happiness was concluded, but no one could get to it, since the bud did not open, but one day a little boy took a yellow flower in his hands and the tulip opened itself. A child's soul, carefree happiness and laughter opened a bud.

In the language of flowers, a tulip means a declaration of love., and this is also preceded by the legend of the Persian king Farhad. Unrememberedly in love with the beautiful girl Shirin, the prince dreamed of a happy life with his beloved. However, envious rivals started a rumor that his beloved was killed. Mad with grief, Farhad drove his frisky horse onto the rocks and crashed to death. It was in the place where the blood of the unfortunate prince hit the ground that bright red flowers grew, from now on the symbol of passionate love is tulips.

The first country where tulips were introduced into culture, most likely, was Persia. Now it is difficult to establish which species were the ancestors of the first plants, but it is possible that they were wild-growing tulips of Gesner (Tulipa gesneriana) and Schrenk (Tulipa schrenkii), common in Asia Minor and Central Asia. From Persia, tulips came to Turkey, where they were called "lale". The name Lale is still the most popular female name in the countries of the East. By the 16th century, about 300 varieties of tulips were already known.

Europeans first met the tulip in Byzantium, where this flower is still one of the symbols of the successor of the Byzantine Empire - Turkey. In 1554, the envoy of the Austrian emperor in Turkey, Ollie de Busbecome, sent a large consignment of bulbs and seeds to Vienna. At first they were grown in the Vienna Garden of Medicinal Plants, the director of which was Professor of Botany K. Clusius. Engaged in selection, Clusius sent seeds and bulbs to all his friends and acquaintances. In the 60s of the 16th century, merchants and merchants brought them to Austria, France, and Germany. Since that time, the triumphant conquest of Europe by tulips began. Initially, tulips were bred at the royal courts, they became a symbol of wealth and nobility, they began to be collected. Passionate lovers of tulips were Richelieu, Voltaire, the Austrian emperor Franz II, the French king Louis XVIII.

In Holland, the first copies of "Tulipa gesneriana" appeared in 1570, when C. Clusius came to work in Holland by invitation and, along with other plants, captured tulip bulbs. This was the beginning of a mad passion for tulips of an entire people, known as tulip mania. For rare specimens of this flower, they paid from 2000 to 4000 florins. There is a story about one copy, for which the buyer gave an entire beer hall for 30,000 florins. Prices were set on the exchange, where these flowers became the subject of speculation.

At the beginning of the 16th century, over three years, transactions were made for more than 10 million floris. Many industrialists abandoned their production and took up their breeding. As a result, collapses occurred, fortunes perished, and the government was forced to take measures against this mania. And in society, immoderate enthusiasm gave rise to a reaction; persons appeared who could not bear the sight of tulips indifferently and exterminated them mercilessly. This mania finally stopped when English gardens and various new flowers began to spread.

In Russia, wild types of tulips were known as early as the 12th century, but bulbs of garden varieties were first brought to Russia during the reign of Peter I in 1702 from Holland. In Russia, Prince Vyazemsky, Countess Zubova, P. A. Demidov, Count Razumovsky were passionate lovers and collectors of flowers. Tulip bulbs were expensive at that time, since they were imported from abroad until the end of the 19th century and were grown in the estates of only wealthy people. From the end of the 19th century, their industrial production was organized directly in Russia, on the coast of the Caucasus, in Sukhumi. However, their culture in Russia has not received such great development as in the countries of Western Europe.

The study of wild tulips in their natural habitats began in the 15th century. In Greece, Italy and southern France, Didier tulips (Tulipa didieri) and green-flowered tulips (Tulipa viridiflora) are found. From them came the original lily-colored tulips. In 1571, the Swiss botanist K. Gesner made the first description of garden tulips. Later, in 1773, garden tulips in his honor were united by C. Linnaeus under the collective name Tulipa gesneriana "Gesner's Tulip".

The widespread introduction of wild species into culture began following the discovery and study of them in nature at the beginning of the 18th century. The Russian scientists A. I. Vvedensky, V. I. Taliev, Z. P. Bochantseva, Z. M. Silina, and others deserve a great merit in this. However, real selection work with tulips began only at the end of the 19th century. A huge role in this belongs to the director of the St. Petersburg Botanical Garden E. A. Regel (1815-1892). From his travels in Central Asia, he brought many species to St. Petersburg and described them in the book Flora of Gardens. Thanks to him, the species of Central Asian tulips first came to Holland, England, France, Germany and America, where they attracted the attention of breeders, becoming the progenitors of most modern varieties.

The origin of the black tulip is associated with the order of black residents of Harlem for just such a variety, which was supposed to personify the beauty of people with black skin. A very worthy reward was announced to the one who brings out such a flower. They fought over this order for a long time, and in 1637, on May 15, a black tulip appeared. On the occasion of his birth, a magnificent ceremony was held with the participation of royal people, botanists and flower growers from all over the world were invited to the celebration. The holiday was accompanied by a carnival procession, and the flower was paraded in a crystal vase. After this event, bulbs of rare varieties began to be worth their weight in gold. Following the Netherlands, all of Europe was carried away by the cultivation of tulips and the breeding of new varieties. Alexandre Dumas, in the Vicomte de Bragelonne, describes how Louis XIV presented his mistress with "a Harlem tulip with grayish-purple petals, which cost the gardener five years of labor, and the king five thousand livres."

There is a tale in Devonshire which tells that the fairies, having no cradles for their little ones, place them at night in tulip flowers, where the wind shakes and cradles them.

One day, the tale says, one woman, going at night with a lantern to her garden, where many tulips grew, saw in them several of these lovely crumbs asleep. She was so delighted with this unusual spectacle that in the same autumn she planted more tulips in her garden, so that soon there were enough of them to accommodate the babies of all the surrounding sorceresses. Then, on bright moonlit nights, she went there and admired these tiny creatures for hours, sleeping sweetly in satin cups of tulips gently swaying in a light breeze.

At first, the fairies were alarmed, fearing that this unknown woman would harm their little ones, but then, seeing with what love she treats them, they calmed down and, wanting to thank her in turn for such kindness, gave her tulips the brightest color and wonderful, like roses, scent. And they blessed this woman and her house, so that she was accompanied in everything by happiness and success until her death. But this joy lasted for the fairies while she was alive; when she died, a very miserly relative inherited the house and garden. A greedy and heartless man, he first of all destroyed the garden, finding it unprofitable to plant flowers, and then planted a garden in it and planted it with parsley. Such a rude act greatly angered the little creatures, and every night, as soon as complete darkness came, they flocked in crowds from the neighboring forest and danced on vegetables, tearing and breaking their roots and covering their flowers with clouds of dust, so that for many years the vegetables could not grow, and even in parsley, all the leaves, as soon as they appeared, were always frayed, torn to tatters.

Meanwhile, the grave where their former benefactress was buried was always wonderfully green and was covered with luxurious flowers. The splendid tulips, which were placed at the very head of it, shone with the brightest color, emitted a wonderful smell and bloomed until late autumn, when all other flowers had long since wilted. A few more years passed, and the stingy man was replaced by an even more callous, completely unaware of beauty, relative. He cut down all the surrounding forests and completely abandoned the grave. She was trampled under the feet of passers-by, the tulips were torn, broken, and the fairies had to move far from their native place.

And since that time, the tale adds, all tulips have lost their outstanding color and smell and have retained them only so much as not to be completely abandoned by gardeners.

Interesting Facts

In the final months of World War II, the Nazis imposed a water blockade on the west of the Netherlands, cutting off all food supplies. The consequences were disastrous. According to eyewitnesses, at least 10,000 civilians died of malnutrition during the "hungry winter" of 1944-1945. Typically, a person consumes approximately 1,600–2,800 calories per day. But in April 1945, some residents of Amsterdam, Delft, The Hague, Leiden, Rotterdam and Utrecht had to be content with only 500-600 calories.

Tulip bulbs themselves are very tough, no matter how much you boil them. In addition, the bulbs cause irritation of the mouth and throat. To reduce irritation, a little carrot or sugar beet was added to the bulbs, if any. 100 grams of tulip bulbs - that's about 148 calories - contains 3 grams of protein, 0.2 grams of fat and 32 grams of carbohydrates. So not very tasty tulip bulbs saved many Dutch people from starvation.

During the years of the Afghan war (1979-1989), a hearse plane was called a black tulip, and a painful execution was called a red tulip.

In 1998, a mosque was built in Bashkiria, in the name of which the name Tulip is used.

In 2005, a revolution took place in Kyrgyzstan, which received the name of Tyulpanova.

In the 1990s, the song from the album of the same name by Natasha Koroleva "Yellow Tulips" was popular in the USSR.

In 1952, director Christian-Jacques made a film called Fanfan Tulip, and in 2003 Gerard Krawczyk remake it with the same name.

The history of the appearance of tulips

People started breeding many years ago. For example, archaeologists recently discovered a silver dish. It turned out that these were made in the 3rd - 7th centuries AD. On it was applied the image of flowers popular in those days: saffron, rose, poppy. In addition, there was also a tulip in the picture. During excavations of the tombs of Chinese emperors, an embroidered cape with many tulips was found.

The first literary references to these flowers were found in Persian legends dating back to the 11th-12th centuries. That is why it is believed that the Persians first included tulips in the culture. The word "tulip" is consonant with the word "turban". Many people know that this was the name of the famous Asian headdress, which is very similar to a flower.

Later, the Turks brought a lot of tulips from Persia. In general, in Turkey, the plant is considered a symbol of beauty and is revered like a shrine. Every year the Turks hold a Tulip Festival. Local sultans set up a whole tulip garden, which is located near Top Kapu. This is the residence of the rulers, located near the Bosphorus. Under Sultan Ahmed III, the court nobility was very fond of these flowers, Turkish artists used tulip flowers as decorations for their works. In general, the beginning of the 1700s is considered the “Years of Tulips” in Turkey.

However, chic became famous in Europe much more than in Asia. Violent passions boiled around tulips.

For the first time, a chic bouquet was brought to Europe by Ogier de Besbeck, who served as the representative of Austria in Constantinople.

Tulip ( lat. Tulipa - a genus of perennial bulbous plants of the family Liliaceae (Liliaceae).

The name comes from the Persian word "toliban" ("turban"), and this name was given to the flower for the similarity of its buds with an oriental headdress that resembled a turban.

The birthplace of tulips is arid and mountainous regions of Central Asia: steppes, sandy and rocky deserts. Wild tulips are found in nature in Eastern Europe and Kazakhstan (southern regions). A significant number of species grow in Iran, Turkey, and northern India.

Plant height varies depending on the species and variety from 10-20 to 65-100 cm.

The root system of a tulip consists of annually dying adventitious roots located on the horseshoe-shaped lower part of the bottom. In young bulbs (before the first flowering), stolons are formed - hollow structures, at the bottom of which the daughter bulb is located. Usually stolons grow vertically down, rarely to the side.

The stem of a tulip is represented by three forms: a bottom, a stolon, and a generative shoot bearing flowers and leaves. The stem is erect, cylindrical, 5-20 to 85-100 cm high.

Tulip leaves are elongated-lanceolate, green or bluish, with smooth or wavy edges and a slight wax coating. The venation is arcuate. Arranged alternately and cover the stem. The bottom sheet is the largest, the top one, the so-called flag sheet, is the smallest. At the tulips Kaufman (Tulipa kaufmanniana), Greig (Tulipa greigii), Micheli (Tulipa micheliana) and their garden forms, the upper side of the leaves is decorated with purple-brown, purple spots or strokes, stripes, which gives the plants a special decorative effect. An adult flowering plant most often has 2-4 (5) leaves, which are located at the bottom of the stem. In young plants (before the first flowering), a single leaf develops by the end of the growing season. The leaf buds are laid in the replacement bulb of an adult plant during the growing season, and growth continues into the next season.

A tulip flower is usually one, but there are also many-flowered species. (Tulipa praenstas, Tulipa turkestanica) and varieties from them, on the peduncle of which there are 3-5 flowers or more. The flower is regular, bisexual, perianth of six free leaves, six stamens, with elongated anthers; pistil with an upper three-celled ovary, a short style and a three-lobed stigma. The flowers of specific tulips are often red, yellow, less often white. The color of varietal tulips is the most diverse: from pure white, yellow, red, purple, purple and almost black to a combination of two, three or more colors. Often the base of the petals is colored in a different color than the main one, which forms the so-called "bottom" of the flower. The shape of the flower is also diverse: goblet, cup-shaped, oval, lily-shaped, double (peony-shaped), fringed, star-shaped, parrot. The flowers are large, up to 12 cm long, 3 to 10 cm in diameter, and in full disclosure in specific tulips up to 20 cm. Tulip flowers open wide in the sun and close at night and in cloudy weather.

The fruit of a tulip is a multi-seeded trihedral box. Seeds are flat, triangular, brownish-yellow, arranged horizontally in two rows in each nest of the capsule.

In nature, there are up to 110 species of tulips.

The genus is divided into two subgenera, Tulipa and Eriostemones(after L. W. D. van Raamsdonk).

A fairly large number of varieties, forms and hybrids are known. Most cultivated tulips are of the species Tulipa gesneriana, wildly growing in the east of Russia, in Altai, in Armenia; in culture there are varieties of this species with simple and double flowers, all kinds of colors, one-color and variegated. In culture, there are other types: Tulipa suaveolens with numerous varieties "Duc van Thol", "Rex rubrorum" other), Tulipa greigii, Tulipa pubescens, Tulipa eichleri and etc.

Tulips are mainly used in landscaping, home decorations and holiday decorations.

Tulip species

In accordance with the International Register of Tulip Names, adopted in Holland in 1981, the modern Unified Tulip Classification System is divided into 4 groups (depending on the timing of flowering), including 15 classes:

- I group - early flowering
Class 1.
Class 2

- II group - mid-flowering
Class 3.
Class 4. Darwin hybrids

- III group - late flowering
Class 5.
Class 6.
Class 7.
Class 8.
Class 9.
Class 10.
Class 11.

- IV group - types of tulips and their hybrids
Class 12. Tulip Kaufman, its varieties and hybrids
Class 13. Tulip Foster, its varieties and hybrids
Class 14. Tulip Greiga, its varieties and hybrids
Class 15. D spawning types of tulips, their varieties and hybrids

Class I Simple early tulips. These tulips have been known since the end of the 17th century. They are characterized by low peduncles (25-40 cm), strong and durable, which are not afraid of rain and wind. The flowers are goblet, cup-shaped, mostly warm colors (yellow and red). Tulips of this class are characterized by early flowering (end of April). In sunny weather, their flowers open wide. Varieties of this class are used mainly for growing in containers, pots, for planting in borders. Tulips of this class are of little use for cutting due to the small height of the peduncles, but many varieties are used for forcing in January-February. This class of tulips is quite rare and accounts for 5.1% of the total range of tulips.

Class 2 Terry earlytulips. They have been known since the 17th century, but are still loved by flower growers due to their bright colors and early flowering. Tulips of this class are distinguished by a small height - 20-30 cm. Terry flowers, mostly warm tones, in a fully opened state can reach a diameter of 8 cm, do not fade for a long time. The peduncles of tulips of this class are strong, but despite this, after heavy rain, too heavy flowers can tend to the ground. Terry early tulips bloom almost simultaneously with Simple early tulips and also have a low multiplication factor. Tulips of this class are used mainly for pot culture, forcing in January-February and planting in open ground in the foreground. The class makes up 5.5% of the entire range of tulips.

Class 3. . Released at the beginning of the 20th century. by crossing varieties from the classes Darwin hybrids and Simple early. Tulips of this class are characterized by large goblet flowers, fairly tall peduncles (40-70 cm) and a good reproduction rate. The color of flowers in tulips of this class is the most diverse: from pure white to dark purple. Triumph tulips bloom in late April - early May, for quite a long time and retain the shape of a glass well. Tulips of this class are used quite widely: for cutting, for decorating gardens and parks, for forcing in the middle and late periods. Currently, this is the most numerous class of tulips, it makes up 25% of the entire range.

Class 4. Darwin hybridstulip. Separated into a separate class in 1960. Plants of this class are very large in size: they reach a height of 60-80 cm, and the diameter of flowers of some varieties can exceed 10 cm. Tulips of this class have large goblet flowers, mostly red, but currently time they are being replaced by varieties with a two-color color. Violet tones in the color of these tulips are absent. Darwin hybrids bloom in early May. Varieties of this class are distinguished by a high multiplication factor. The disadvantage of Darwin hybrids is considered to be a strong opening of flowers, like a poppy, especially in hot, sunny weather. Many varieties are very similar in appearance. But they also have certain advantages - the flowers tolerate spring frosts well, are resistant to the variegated-petal virus, and remain cut for a long time. And despite the fact that the class of Darwin hybrids covers only 4.5% of the entire range, tulips of this class are widely used in floriculture. They are used for decorating plots, for forcing in February-March, and cutting tulips of this class is of high quality.

Class 5. Simple latetulips. Plants of this class are quite tall (60-75 cm) and powerful, have large goblet-shaped flowers with a square base and wide blunt petals. The color of tulips of this class can be very diverse: from white to black, from pale pink to purple, many varieties have a two-tone color. This class also includes multi-flowered tulips, which have up to 3-5 flowers on one peduncle. Blooming Simple late tulips in mid-May, have a high reproduction rate. Widely used in landscaping, some varieties lend themselves well to forcing, and thanks to strong flower stalks, they are good for cutting. The class makes up 20.3% of the varieties of the entire range.

Class 6. lilyflowerstulips. They have been grown in culture since the middle of the 16th century, but modern varieties are very different from the first ones. Tulips of this class are easily recognizable, as their shape resembles a lily flower - graceful glasses with petals folded outward and pointed at the ends. Lily-colored tulips are quite tall (up to 50-60 cm in height), have strong peduncles and flowers of various colors. Lily-flowered tulips bloom in the second half of May and, despite their scarcity, are widely used for landscaping gardens and parks, for cutting, and some varieties are suitable for forcing. Only 3% of tulips are included in the Liliaceae class.

Class 7. fringedtulips. The first fringed tulip was registered in 1930. A distinctive feature of these tulips is a needle fringe on the edges of the petals, reminiscent of frost. The height of Fringed tulips can vary from 50 to 80 cm. The color of the flowers is very diverse: from white to purple, except for black. Depending on which classes of tulips were used in breeding a particular variety of fringed tulip, the size of the flower, the timing of flowering and the purpose of the plants differ. So, varieties obtained from crossing with Darwin hybrids have the same flowering time and are often used for forcing. And Fringed tulips, obtained from crossing late tulips, make an excellent cut. Fringed tulips were singled out as a separate class only in 1981, and at the moment the class includes 2.5% of the world's assortment of tulips and is constantly updated with new varieties.

Class 8. green-coloredtulips. Since 1981, tulips that have a green color on the back of the petals and retain it throughout the entire flowering period have been separated into a separate class. The color contrast of the green middle and edges of the petals, painted in different colors (depending on the variety) - white, pink, red, yellow and others - looks very unusual. Currently, green-colored tulips are considered very fashionable. The height of tulips in this class can vary from medium to high. Flowers 5-7 cm tall, leaves are medium-sized, narrow. The middle of the petals, which has a green color, is usually thickened. Green-colored tulips bloom from mid-May, are used mainly for decorating gardens and parks, and are also grown for cutting. The class of Green-colored tulips makes up 1.6% of the world's assortment.

Class 9. . This class combines all variegated tulips. A variety of strokes and spots on the field of petals in these varieties have been genetically fixed over the years, although the bulk of variegated tulips is affected by the variegation virus. Tulips of this class have goblet-shaped flowers, rather large, with strokes and spots on a red, yellow or white background. Plant height ranges from 40 to 70 cm. Rembrandt tulips bloom from mid-May, can be used for decorating plots and for cutting. It is currently the smallest class of tulips.

Class 10. parrotstulips. Tulips of this class have been known since the 17th century. They have the most unusual and exotic appearance: their petals have deeply indented edges, sometimes wavy, which resembles disheveled bird feathers. A wide-open flower can reach a diameter of 20 cm. The color of the Parroted Tulips is the most diverse: from snow-white to purple-black. Plant height can be, depending on the variety, from 40 to 65 cm. Parroted tulips bloom late, in the second half of May. Often rather weak flower stalks do not withstand large flowers, and they droop. Parroted tulips reproduce quite well. They are used mainly for decoration of gardens and parks, while they should be placed separately from other tulips, closer to the paths, in order to fully appreciate their unusual appearance.

Class 11. Terry latetulips. Known in culture since the 17th century. They have dense double flowers that look like peony flowers, so they are often called peony. Terry late tulips have strong peduncles 45-60 cm high. These tulips differ from early Terry tulips in the larger size of the whole plant and late flowering period. Terry late tulips have one drawback: their heavy flowers often break off from rain and wind. This must be taken into account when planting such tulips and give them well-protected areas or tie them up. The color of tulips of this class varies from pure white to black, and can be two-tone. Terry late tulips are used mainly for growing in gardens and parks. They reproduce quite well. The number of this class is 3.2% of the entire world assortment.

Class 12. their varieties and hybrids. Separated into a separate class in 1960. This class also includes hybrids of Kaufman's tulip with Greig's, Foster's tulips and other species. These tulips are distinguished by the earliest flowering time (sometimes as early as early April), resistance to variegation and low height (15-25 cm). The flowers of Kaufman's tulips are quite large, elongated, and in a fully opened state - star-shaped. The color can be very diverse: red, yellow, pink, more often it is two-tone. The leaves of many Kaufmann tulips are purple-striped and speckled. Kaufman's tulips are used mainly for growing on alpine hills, in rockeries, for planting in borders and under trees. The class includes 2.9% of the varieties of the world assortment.

Class 13., their varieties and hybrids. This class includes varieties and hybrids of Foster's tulip with other species and varieties of other classes. Foster tulips have larger flowers than Kaufman tulips. The flowers are usually goblet or cup-shaped, very elongated, they can reach a height of up to 15 cm. The color is predominantly red tones, sometimes pink or yellow. Plant height - from 30 to 50 cm. Foster's tulips bloom a little later than Kaufman's tulips - in late April - early May. Some varieties have decorative leaves with purple spots and stripes. This class makes up 3.5% of the world's tulip range.

Class 14. their varieties and hybrids. This class includes Greig's tulips, their hybrids with Foster's, Kaufman's and other tulips. Greig's tulips are rather undersized (20-35 cm), have large flowers with a wide base and tips of the petals slightly bent outwards. The color of the flowers is predominantly red tones, orange or two-tone. Greig's tulips have their characteristic decorative speckled leaves. They bloom after the Kaufman tulips, in late April - early May, their flowers do not fade for a long time. They are used in the same way as Foster and Kaufman tulips - for growing in gardens, in borders, on alpine slides, etc.

Class 15., their varieties and hybrids. This class united all wild-growing types of tulips. They are usually stunted, bloom early, the color of the flowers (depending on the species) can be varied. Among wild-growing tulips there are many-flowered species. Indispensable for alpine slides and rockeries.

The International Registration Authority (ICRA) for new varieties is the Royal General Bulb Growers "Association (KAVB). The association's website includes a database of registered varieties.

Forcing and caring for tulips

Lighting. Lighting should be bright, because. with a lack of light, the stems of tulips stretch, bend and lie down, the color of the flowers will be paler. Tulips normally tolerate direct sunlight. The main thing is that when watering, water does not fall on their leaves, because. it may cause burns.

Temperature. Tulips, being typical ephemeroids, are very sensitive to temperature. Tulips vegetate in a wide temperature range - from 2 to 30 0 C. At the beginning of growth, they withstand frosts down to minus 18 0 C, but later, in the budding and flowering phase, only down to minus 5-6 0 C. Temperatures above 25 0 C shorten the period vegetation. After the leaves die off at the beginning of the summer dormant period, the bulbs endure without consequences a short-term increase in temperature to 35 0 C (during distillation, the effect of high temperature is used to accelerate organ-forming processes). The optimal storage conditions for planting material are 17-20 0 C. Low temperatures in the range of 5-9 0 C (up to 2 0 C) accelerate the growth of a flowering shoot in the bulb, but only when the tissues of all flower organs are already laid in it. Untimely exposure to cold and heat leads to the formation of blind buds. The optimum temperature for the normal development of a tulip is 17-20 0 C.

Bloom. The duration of flowering depends on the air temperature. In most plants, it is 12-14 days.

Landing. Before planting, tulip bulbs are carefully sorted out, the sick are selected. One diseased bulb can infect neighbors and the soil in the area. Bulbs are best planted by variety, this greatly facilitates the care of tulips and their digging (different varieties finish the growing season at different times). If this is not possible, small bulbs should be planted on the south side so that they are not obscured by large ones. Immediately before planting, the bulbs can be pickled in a 0.5% solution of potassium permanganate (30-60 minutes) or soaked in a growth stimulator.

Boarding times. It is important to choose the optimal time for planting tulips. Before the onset of stable cold weather, tulips should take root. Under optimal conditions (soil temperature 5-7°C and sufficient moisture) it takes 20-30 days. If tulips are planted late, they will leave poorly rooted before winter, lag behind in growth in spring, bloom poorly, and produce smaller bulbs. Planting too early is also dangerous - tulips will germinate ahead of time (especially in a very warm winter) and freeze. It is believed that the time for planting has come if the soil temperature at a depth of 10-12 cm has dropped to +10 0 C. Usually this is the middle - the end of September, in more southern regions - October.

Important! If you missed all the dates for planting tulips and dare to experiment, then you can plant tulips even in early December. This is not correct, it will reflect badly on the bulb, but still there is hope to see flowers in the spring.

The depth of planting tulip bulbs depends on its size. The “golden rule” for bulb crops is that the planting depth is equal to three bulb diameters on a light kidney and two diameters on a heavy one. The distance between the bulbs also depends on their size. Large bulbs are planted in rows at a distance of 8-10 cm, and between rows 20-25. When planting, do not press the bulbs into the ground - you can damage the root roller, and the bulb will get sick. After planting, the site must be leveled so that rainwater does not stagnate in the holes.

With the onset of persistent frosts, planting tulips is desirable to be mulched (with peat, compost, dry leaves or straw). Although tulips are frost-resistant, winter shelter affects them favorably: the yield of bulbs increases, flower stalks become stronger, and flowers become larger.

Tulips should be planted at least 10 pieces per square 25 by 25 cm and at least 50 pieces per square. m. In Holland, it is customary to plant about 100 tulips per 1 sq. m. m, every 10 cm in a checkerboard pattern. Now pallets for planting tulips of different sizes have appeared on sale, which then makes it very easy to dig them out, just pull the pallet and that's it. Such baskets for planting tulips can be bought in garden centers, in the New Line, in places where tulip bulbs are sold.

The soil. Tulips prefer neutral to slightly alkaline soil. On acidic soil, the number of "blind" buds increases. Soil cultivation should be carried out 1-2 months before planting to a depth of 30 cm. When digging, the soil should be filled with fertilizers. You can not bring fresh or insufficiently rotted manure under tulips, this can cause an outbreak of fungal diseases.

Fertilizer. The tulip is a plant of active growth, it reacts quickly to fertilization, but absorbs nutrients that are only in the immediate vicinity of the roots, so it is advisable to use easily soluble fertilizers for top dressing. The most effective top dressing is fertilizers previously dissolved in water. You can feed by simply scattering mineral fertilizers over tulip plantings, but it is important to follow two rules. First, the leaves of tulips must be dry, otherwise burns may occur if fertilizers get on them. And secondly, after such a “dry” top dressing, it is imperative to carry out abundant watering so that the nutrients get into the root layer of the soil, or top dressing before rain.

Florists have different opinions about the number of top dressings: it is usually recommended to carry out from 3 to 5 top dressings during the growing season. But practice shows that an increase in the number of top dressings does not give a special effect, while the labor intensity of growing tulips increases significantly. Therefore, most flower growers believe that 3-time top dressing is optimal when growing adult bulbs. For baby bulbs, a double feeding is sufficient, as they have a shorter development period.

The first top dressing is carried out during the melting of snow, when sprouts appear during this period, you can carry out a “dry” top dressing by scattering fertilizers over the snow. The fertilizer should contain nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in a ratio of 2:2:1. At this time, tulips need an increased dose of nitrogen, which has a major effect on the growth and formation of leaves. Fertilizer is applied at the rate of 40-50 g/m2.

The second top dressing is carried out during budding. During this period, as well as during flowering, tulips absorb nutrients most efficiently and experience a greater need for phosphorus-potassium nutrition. Phosphorus and potassium have a beneficial effect on the formation of the flower stem and the flower itself. At the second feeding, the dose of nitrogen decreases and the content of phosphorus and potassium increases in a ratio of 1:2:2.

The third top dressing is carried out during the period of mass flowering or immediately after it. At the same time, the nitrogen content is significantly reduced or not added at all. Phosphorus and potassium contribute in a ratio of 1:1. The approximate dose of fertilizer application for the second and third top dressing is 30-35 g/m 2 .

Good results are obtained by fertilizing with mineral fertilizers, which include trace elements: manganese, zinc, boron and others. Tulips are especially sensitive to the introduction of boron and zinc. They improve the condition of plants in general and the development of daughter bulbs.

When setting the doses of fertilizers, one should take into account the state and degree of soil preparation before planting, its structure and fertility, as well as the target orientation of growing tulips. For each specific case, the rate of fertilizer application should be different. At the same time, one should not forget that the measure should be observed in everything. “Overfed” bulbs subsequently ripen worse, and are easily exposed to diseases during storage. It is easy to notice such bulbs: their integumentary scales crack horizontally, and pathogenic organisms usually penetrate through this crack.

Watering. Due to the structural features of the tulip root system, its roots cannot use moisture from the depths. Therefore, when growing tulips, optimal soil moisture should be maintained. The frequency of watering depends on the weather, soil structure and the degree of moisture in the area where tulips are grown. During budding, flowering and two weeks after flowering, watering should be regular and plentiful.

The rate of water consumption during irrigation should be such that moisture penetrates into the zone of occurrence of the main mass of roots. On average, each watering consumes from 10 to 40 liters of water per 1 m 2. In sunny weather, it is advisable to avoid getting moisture on the leaves of tulips so as not to cause burns.

When maintaining the required soil moisture, the flower stalks of plants are formed longer, the flowers are larger, and the duration of flowering increases. In addition, studies have found that the yield of bulbs directly depends on the temperature and soil moisture during the growing season. With timely and proper watering, the bulbs grow properly formed and large, and the accumulation of nutrients in them is more intense. At the end of flowering, watering is gradually stopped.

Growing features. The tulip is not one of those plants that, by developing a strong leaf mass, shade the weeds and inhibit their growth. Therefore, weed control in tulip plantings should be carried out regularly. Weeds should be removed not only on tulip beds, but also near them, as they serve as a refuge for pests and are carriers of diseases. Not to mention the fact that they deplete the soil, taking away nutrients and moisture from it, which are so necessary for cultivated plants. In large floricultural farms, various chemicals (herbicides) are usually used to control weeds, in a small area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe personal plot this is not necessary, and weeding is best done mechanically.

Weeding is usually combined with loosening the soil. The first loosening is carried out in early spring, as soon as tulip sprouts appear from the ground and the winter shelter is removed from them, and then the ground is loosened every time after watering or rain and continues until the tulip leaves close. Tulips grow quickly, and this makes loosening difficult (the plant can be easily damaged), so it is important to loosen in a timely manner and not put off for later. It contributes to the destruction of the soil crust, the preservation of moisture and better air exchange in the soil, in addition, loosening is one of the measures to combat weeds.

If the goal of growing tulips is to obtain large bulbs or if a rare variety needs to be propagated faster, then they resort to such a technique as plant decapitation (removal of flower heads). When growing small bulbs, decapitation is required. When the flower head is removed, the tulip begins to intensively increase the mass of bulbs, in this case, the yield of bulbs increases by 30-40%. A significant part of the nutrient reserves in the bulb is preserved and goes to vegetative reproduction. It is best to decapitate 3-4 days after the opening of the bud, when you can confidently judge the health and varietal affiliation of the plant. Removed flowers must be removed from the site, as they can serve as a source of soil contamination with gray rot and other diseases.

Transfer. It is recommended to transplant tulips annually, since the bulbs grow deeper year after year. The deep occurrence of the bulbs does not contribute to the formation of flower buds - the sun cannot warm the bulb well enough. It is advisable to return to previous landing sites no earlier than after 4-5 years. During this period, the vital activity of microorganisms and fungi pathogenic for tulips no longer threatens tulips with diseases.

Growing a tulip at home

Tulips can be used not only for planting in open ground, but also for planting in containers, flowerpots, for decorating balconies, and also for forcing. To do this, from autumn (from October 10 to October 20), containers are filled with soil and large, healthy bulbs are planted in them.

They are planted in 13 cm pots. Three bulbs of the same variety are usually planted in a pot so that they do not touch, and the tops are not covered with earth.

When planting bulbs, make sure that the flat side of it is facing the wall of the pot. In this case, the first grown leaf will be turned outward and give the plant a more decorative look.
The earth mixture is prepared from turf and humus earth (two parts each) and sand (one part). After planting the bulbs, the soil in pots is moistened.

In winter, containers with bulbs are stored in a dark, cold room. So that the soil in containers does not dry out, moisten it from time to time. Pots with planted bulbs can be kept on the balcony in boxes, filling them with wet peat or sawdust on top. You can also bury them in the front garden in the ground to a depth of 30-40 cm. A layer of peat or sawdust is poured under the pots and on top, so that it is easy to dig out in winter. To this end, some amateurs put a board on top of peat and sawdust, on which a layer of sawdust is poured on top. The best temperature for successful rooting of the bulbs is 8-9°C.

In the spring in March - early April, when the first shoots appear above the ground, the containers are placed in a permanent place. In general, the time of digging out pots with bulbs and bringing them into the forcing room is determined by the desired flowering time for tulips. It has been established that the greatest need for flowers falls on March 8th. In this regard, the timing of forcing tulips has already been checked. Pots with rooted bulbs are brought into the room for 25 days, that is, February 10-11. They are placed in the kitchen, covered with a black cloth and watered regularly. In such conditions, the sprouts are stretched. When they reach 8-10 cm, the plants are transferred to the windows. Shade from direct sunlight. For longer flowering of tulips, flowering plants must be kept at a lower temperature. After the tulips have faded, other plants are planted in their place. It is very important when growing plants in containers to avoid waterlogging the soil, so good drainage must be made at the bottom of each container.

Feed with a complete mineral fertilizer.

All faded flowers must be cut off, as their natural death leads to the depletion of the bulb. Never try to pick off a flower, as this can damage the bulb.

In the summer in June - July, after flowering is completed, when the mother bulb dies off completely, the tulips have a dormant period. At this time, no action is taken - you just need to wait until the leaves completely wither, dry, and only then carefully dig out all the bulbs. If you leave the bulbs in the ground, then next year they will give a much weaker, small flower and gradually stop blooming altogether. The exception is wild species.

It is known that for the normal flowering of bulbous plants during forcing, especially tulips, the temperature conditions for storing the bulbs after digging up have a great influence. Under what conditions the acquired bulbs were stored is unknown. Therefore, it is advisable to purchase them immediately after digging and drying. They must be stored in a dry, dark place at first at a temperature of 17 ° C, and from August until planting in pots - at 9 ° C (at the bottom of the refrigerator or in a cool place in the room).

To obtain lush, well-developed flowers as a result of distillation, only large bulbs 5-6 cm in diameter are planted. Bulbs selected for forcing should have flower buds. For testing, test bulbs are cut lengthwise.

Possible difficulties

Bulb rot in summer and freezing in winter- the area on which tulips grow is uneven, and water stagnates in the pits.

The stems of tulips are stretched, twisted and lodged, the color of the flowers is paler than usual.- insufficient lighting.

Yellow and brown spots on leaves– Moisture has got on the leaves in direct sunlight

Damaged

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