"Formation of the ability to form related words." Training for preschool children. Lesson “Repetition of the past. Selection of related words Exercises on the topic of single-root words

From the experience of a Russian language teacher

PROGRAMMED TASKS FOR PRACTICAL MASTERING

STUDENTS SELECTION OF RELATED

AND SINGLE-ROOT WORDS

With the help of programmed tasks, when studying the topic “Related and root words”, children learn:

choose related words;

find the root and unstressed vowel in it;

find the place of stress in a word;

highlight words with stress in a particular position.

Solve puzzles. Write words. Designate a root.

Solve the riddle. Insert a guess word into the oval, read the resulting words.

Dressed in spring

undresses in autumn (...)

Nick -ok -noy - points -nobody

Write the resulting words, mark the root.

Insert into the oval according to the meaning of the wordgarden orthe weight , read semispoken words.

on-ka, under- - silt, on- -silt, ras- - a,

re- -it, vz- - silt, you- - to them, from-.

The game "Lotto of single-root words"

The speech therapist calls the roots of words (on small cards). Children cover words with these roots with chips. Until someone closes all 6 words. The winner reads his words, naming the root. Writing words. Making sentences with the words on the card. When performing this exercise, the student's active and passive vocabulary is enriched.

Small cards:

mountains-, friend-, sed-, garden-, water-, land-, late-, catching-, running-, quality-, whistling-, talking-, winter-, clean-, forest-, birch-, snow- , light-, air-, thunderstorm-, yellow-, guard-, frost-, green-, motley-, white-, cold-, black-, near-, color-, flight-, fish-, cargo-, rides -, cook-, elm-, skaz-, bottom-, years-, arrows-.

Game "Gorka".

Each student has a sign:

Fill in the missing letters in the empty cells to make related words. The beginning, which is common to all species, is indicated; only the end must be found. Pupils fill in the empty cells in their tablets. The winner is the one who correctly and quickly coped with his task.

Sample material:

sleigh, sled, sled, sled;

winter, wintry, winter, hibernate;

mountain, hill, hill, mountainous;

fish, fisherman, fish, fishing.

Distinguishing related words and words with homonymous roots.

Children are offered cards with words that need to be decomposed into two columns according to their meaning. These exercises improve reading skills, fill in the gaps in the development of vocabulary.

Determine which root is missing in the words.

Write the root words in two columns. Highlight the root.

Preview:

Card #3

To highlight the root in a word, you need ______________________

________________________________________________________________________.

Exercise number 1. What word is "extra"?

a) 1. Thunder 2. Huge 3. Loudness 4. Loud

b) 1. Mouse 2. Mouse 3. Mouse 4. Smart

c) 1. Get enough sleep 2. Rash 3. Loose 4. Sprinkle

d) 1. Pity 2. Complaint 3. Pathetic 4. Sting

e) 1. Tempering 2. Burying 3. Tempering 4. Incandescence

f) 1. Pusher 2. Push 3. Push 4. Push

g) 1. Turner 2. Inflow 3. Turning 4. Turning

Exercise number 2. Indicate the words in which FOR- is part of the root:

1. Care 6. Tomorrow

2. Harden 7. Lock

3. Dawn 8. Rear

4. Blow the trumpet 9. Volley

5. Delay 10. Riddle

Exercise number 3. Is it true that… Write YES or NO after the statement.

1. Are the words goose, caterpillar, gosling related? _____________
2. The root is the common part of related words? _______________
3. To find the root, you need to pick up related words and highlight the common part in them? ______________

Exercise number 5. Find words with the same root, highlight the root in them.

Exercise number 6. Your task is to write as many single-root words as possible.

1. Root -years-(-years-):_____________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

2. Root -run- (-beige-): __________________________________________________________

How to distinguish the form of a word from a single-root word?Exercise number 1. Fill in the table with signs

Exercise number 2. Write a series of words, draw a conclusion below:

1. Field, fields, on the field, ____________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

2. Warm, greenhouse, getting warmer, _________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________.

3. Mountain, gorochka, miner, __________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

4. At sea, by sea, beyond the seas, _______________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

Conclusion : the words in lines 1 and 4 are _________________________, and the words in lines 2 and 3 are ___________________________________.

Exercise number 3. Guess the crossword:

Horizontally:
2. Deciduous tree with white bark.
3. Grove or forest, consisting of some birches.
4. Young birch.
5. Sweetish drink formed from birch sap collected in spring.
6. An edible mushroom with a brown cap that grows in birch forests.

Vertically:
1. A word with a diminutive meaning, formed from the word "birch".
3. A related word denoting a sign of an object (adjective) and answering the question “what?”

(hints: boletus, birch, birch, birch, birch, birch, birch)

Work on related words.

Speech therapist Lukasheva N.A. TsRR- d / s "Rodnichok", Belomorsk.

Game - exercise "Family - the words of relatives"

Purpose: to show children that nouns (words denoting objects) can form verbs (words denoting actions) and other nouns. (author E.A. Levchuk)

Material: story "Promise", poem "Orchestra", ball.

Stroke: Speech therapist reads the story "Promise":

Petya asked dad: - Give me, please, a drum and a trumpet. - I would give it, son, but I'm afraid that you will either trumpet or drum and interfere with my work. -Honestly, daddy, I will be a drummer when you are resting, and a trumpeter when you are sleeping ”(according to F. Rau)

Questions for the child:

What did Petya ask for a gift? (drum and trumpet)

What was dad afraid of? (dad was afraid that Petya would trumpet and drum)

What did Peter promise? (Petya promised that he would be a drummer when dad is resting, and a trumpeter when he sleeps)

Task: “Name words similar to the word“ drum ”(drum, drummer); to the word “pipe” (trumpet, trumpeter) ”The speech therapist explains to the child that there are related words. They are similar, as if from the same family, which is why they are called so - related.

Exercise for fingers (imitating playing musical instruments)

Orchestra:

"I play guitar,

My friend Vasya is on the button accordion,

Tanya may on the pipe

You are ready to play.

You, I heard, are a pianist.

Let's play the twist together."

ball game

Throwing the ball, the speech therapist (educator) plays words with the child.

Who plays the accordion? - accordionist.

The pianist is on the piano.

On the guitar - guitarist.

On the double bass - double bassist.

The flutist is on the flute.

On the organ - an organist.

Trumpeter on the trumpet.

The violinist is on the violin.

On the drum is a drummer.

On the balalaika - a balalaika player.

The harpist is on the harp.

Offer to retell the story "The Promise" using related words: trumpet, trumpet, trumpeter; drummer, drummer, drummer.

To fix the material usegame "Loto" "(musical instruments, orchestra musicians - whoever needs what).

Game exercise "Name related words"

Purpose: to continue acquaintance with the words - relatives (related) on the topic "Winter" (author Tkachenko T.A.).

Move: The speech therapist tells the children a fairy tale, and at the same time puts pictures on the board, the names of the objects on which are related words.

“A long time ago, people lost the word “snow”, forgot about it. and the word fell into the ground and began to grow - sprouts appeared in it - there was the word "snow", the word "snow maiden" appeared, followed by "snowman", "snowball", "snowflake". People looked, listened, but the words are similar, dear. And people called these words ... (how?) Related. Name the common part that is repeated in each word (snow, snow). Children, together with a speech therapist, pronounce the words, the speech therapist simultaneously exposes diagrams under each picture - strips of the same length and color: part “snow”, “snow” and attaches rectangles of different colors to each next word, focusing on the repeating main part of the word and on the changing part new words, after which he explains the semantic commonality of the named words. Similarly, the words are understood - relatives of ICE - ICE - ICE - ICE - GLACIER. The speech therapist carefully analyzes the resulting chain of words, clarifying with the children their sound and semantic commonality.

In conclusion, in order to reinforce the concept of “related words”, the speech therapist reads a poem:

“Words, like native ones, are a little bit alike,

And if you put it in a row,

Listen a little and think about the essence -

they're talking about the same thing."

Game "Collect a family of words"

Purpose: selection of single-root words.

Game progress. The speech therapist offers the child: “Look at the picture. What time of the year is depicted on it? (Winter). Now pick up the words - "relatives" to the word "winter".

What is the best word for winter? (winter).

What do you call a day in winter? (winter).

What are the names of the birds that stay with us for the winter? (wintering).

How else can you say "live in winter"? (winter).

Here, it turns out, how many words - "relatives" the word "winter" has.

“Look at the picture again and tell yourself what can be called winter here.” (Winter forest, winter road, winter sun, winter sky, winter cold, winter time, winter weather).

“Now try to pick up a family of words for the word “snow” yourself. Look at the picture - it will help you. (Snow, snowflake, snowball, snowman, snowy, snowdrop ...).

Speech therapist: “Pick up related words to the word “forest”. (Forest, forest, forest, forester).

“Families” are also selected for the words:

mountain - hill, mountainous, mountainous, hillock, miner;

mushroom - fungus, mushroom picker, mushroom;

water - water, water, diver, flood;

leaf - leaf, leaf, leaflet, foliage, larch, deciduous;

hedgehog - hedgehog, hedgehog, hedgehog, hedgehog, hedgehog;

spring - spring, stonefly, freckle;

sugar - sugar, sugar bowl, sugar.

Game "Find a common"

Purpose: highlighting the root in related words.

The speech therapist suggests: “Name the common part of the words - “relatives” (naming the words, intonationally highlights the root part of the word in case the child has difficulty in isolating the root).

winter, hibernate, winter (winter);

animal, lives, alive (alive);

shepherd, graze, shepherdess (pas);

yard, janitor, yard (yard);

litter, rubbish, litter (litter);

call, call, ringing (ringing).

Exercise "Find related words"

Purpose: highlighting related words to the word bear.

Course of the exercise: The speech therapist offers to complete tasks from the bear - Potap. He asks to find and name words similar to the word bear. For each correct word, the child receives a chip.

1. First-aid post, bear cub, bear, bear, slowly.

2. Medusa, bear, bear, bear, medal.

3. Copper, bear, bear, honey, medicine.

The speech therapist clarifies with the children why the words first-aid post, slowly, jellyfish, medal, copper, honey, medicine are not suitable (the words have a different meaning).

Once again, they recall related words to the word bear. Teddy bear, bear, bear, bear, bear, bear, bear, bear cub.

Game exercise "Choose related words from the poem."

Purpose: to exercise in finding related words from the text.

Material: texts of poems.

Course: Speech therapist reads a poem.

1. Soap fragrant, white,soapy .

Soap looks at the dirty woman with a grin. Foaming.

If the dirty woman remembered the soap,

Soap it at lastlaundered .

Question to the children: “What words in the poem are repeated and similar?”

After the children look for related words, similar pictures are displayed by a speech therapist:

Soap in the soap dish - foamy soap - a clean boy.

SOAP - SOAP - WASHED.

The chain of related words is analyzed. A common part is found that is repeated in other words and has a common meaning.

2. Exercise proposed by author. T. Tkachenko:

“The fishermen have an unprecedented catch.

An old fisherman also caught a fish.

We will collect a fishing net,

Pour fish soup into bowls.

Selection of related words. Pictures are exhibited, a chain of related words is analyzed.

Exercise "Superfluous word".

Purpose: selection of single-root words among a group of words. similar in sound.

Assignment: “Find among these words the superfluous - the word is not from this “family”. Here, listen to an example: forest, forester, ladder (-).

The words "forest", "forester" and "forester" are relatives, they are all from the same family, they all come from the word "forest". But the word "ladder" has nothing to do with the forest - it is superfluous here.

Task: "Now try to find the extra word yourself."

Pain, hurt, hospital, big (-).

Water, lead (-), water. water.

Wrinkles (-), sea, marine, navigator.

Mountain, mountain, mountain (-), miner.

Neighbor (-), conversation, gazebo, interlocutor.

Game exercise "Find an unrelated word."

Purpose: to exercise in distinguishing between related and unrelated words.

Material: pictures in accordance with the speech material.

The course of the game exercise: The speech therapist reminds that related words have a similar sound and something in common in meaning. Then he says: “Now I will name the words, but among them not all words will be relatives. Find among the words that I will name a word that will not be related to other words. (1) Pictures are displayed on the board: horse, groom, stable, foal, cavalry.

The meaning and sound of the words are analyzed, the common part of the word is found, similar in sound to each of the named words. The unrelated word "colt" is chosen.

(2) Pictures are exhibited and named: lion, lion cub, lioness, lions, peck.

Similarly, the meaning and sound of words are analyzed, an unrelated word is selected.

Russian language lesson.

UMK "Zankov System".

Class: 2 class.

Lesson topic: "Exercises in recognizing single-root words"

Type of lesson: consolidation of knowledge.

During the classes.

1. Goal setting and motivation.

Read the sentences (slide 1):

To study will always come in handy.

Study and work will grind everything.

The root of the doctrine is bitter, but the fruit is sweet.

What did you read? (proverb)

What are they talking about? (about teaching)

What did you notice? (single-root words). Prove (general part, word root uch- and close in meaning)

Write out the words with the same root from the proverbs, highlight the root.

What will we talk about in class? Formulate a topic.

On the desk:Subject. Root words. (strip)

What proverb will we choose as the motto of the lesson?

(All opinions of children are heard, at the same time work is underway on the meaning of proverbs:

1 proverb: knowledge is never superfluous, without knowledge it is difficult to adapt in life;

2 proverb: If you are patient and work hard, you can achieve anything.

3 proverb: It's hard to learn, but you'll get a lot of benefits.

So, the topic is “Single-root words”. What knowledge do we need to repeat today in the lesson?

we need to fix what the root of the word is

correctly identify the root of the words

what words are called single-root.

The topic is formulated, the tasks are set, we set off on the path to the top of the Mountain of Knowledge (poster on the board).

3. main stage

(Video clip ) next №2

We watch a fragment of the m / f "Flying Ship", listen to the song of the Waterman.

Try to hear the same-root words that are in the song.

Who heard what the same-root words were in the song?

Let's simplify the task: find words with the same root in text this song.

(What words are called single-root? (having a common part and close in meaning)

I am a water, I am a water

Nobody hangs out with me.

There is water inside of me.

Well, what to do with such a thing!

So, what root words did you find? (work in tandem with a neighbor) - water, water.

Problem. And who thinks that the word "found" from the 2nd line is also suitable? (and also in the 4th - to be found) There, after all, there is the same part water-?(signal). Why not, prove your opinion (another meaning).

Let's write out the single-root words in a notebook.

Today you will often see the letter “Vv” in words (a poster with a letter on the board). Please pay attention to the spelling of this letter and the connections with it. We try to write in a notebook cleanly, neatly and competently.

Checking. (Slide number 4) - Water, water.

Highlight the root. What sound is heard in the root? (a) Why write about? (from the word water, root waters; in words with the same root, the root is the same). Check the spelling of the root. What would you call this spelling? (unstressed ch at the root)

You have on your desks text. Read it to yourself, get ready to read it aloud.

Story

Relatives gathered at the Water. The submariner is talking with Voditsa. A diver with a waterfall is basking in the sun. The driver plays the harmonica. Water strider with Algae played out. Vodicka jumps over pebbles on one leg. Even Vodyanoy himself complained. The wise Water came out onto the porch, looked at the guests, immediately noticed a stranger. She told him to go away to her family. The stranger went, got upset. Where can he find relatives?

What have you read? (fairy tale) What is the story about? How did you understand? (about the relatives of water - words with the same root) And who also spotted a stranger? (signal)

Find in the fairy tale only "relatives" of water (single-root words). (Performing this work, the rest of the students must find the “outsider”.

They work in pairs, underline with a pencil, write out words in a notebook with a capital letter (in a fairy tale these are proper names.) Will you write out the word-stranger?

We check which words were written out (slide number 4): Water, Submariner, Diver, Waterfall, Water Strider, Algae, Water, Water.

What is the root of all words? Select it. (slide number 5) Put the stress. Which word will be the test for the rest? (algae and submariner) - Everyone knows what algae are, and who is submariner?

(Explain the meaning of the words - Job over the lexical meaning of the word.)

(picture slide #4)

« Submariner" - a polysemantic word.

1. This is a sailor serving in the submarine fleet.

2. This is a specialist in underwater work.

What else can it be called? ( diver )

1. This is a specialist in underwater work in a waterproof suit with special equipment.

2. This is a strong, good swimming dog, rescuing drowning people.

What are words that have multiple meanings called? (disambiguation)

"Water strider » - Who is it?

It is an insect that moves on water.

What do we call the written words?

Conclusion: these words are monosyllabic.

Why do you consider these words the same root? (Prove based on the rule).

We checked our work. Who completed the task without errors, puts "+" in the margins.

What is the foreign word in the story? (Driver). Why did the guests not immediately notice the stranger? Prove (common part like everyone else - water-) Why "stranger"? (the meaning is different - “to drive a car”) Let's try to look for relatives of this word.

Work with the textbook.

We open the textbook on page 57 exercise 118 - on assignment - teamwork.

Divide the words into groups (by meaning - a group about water - words are synonyms, a group about a driver of a car - words - synonyms) - put the group number 1 or 2 in the kar-shom textbook. Recall what synonyms are (words that are close in meaning).

Water, driver, drives, water, water, liquid, driver, taxi driver, boiling water .

- Can this group be called single-root words? (no, not everyone has the same root)

Work individual - choose cognate words for the word "driver", write them in a notebook, highlight the root. Which group will you choose from? (from 2nd)

Mutual check- exchange notebooks, check the work of a neighbor. (driver, drives). If the task is completed without errors, put the neighbor "+" in the margins.

Is it possible to add a word - driving? What does it mean? (seat, place, certificate)

So, let's conclude: what words are called single-root? (rule!)

Fizminutka (didactic game - "yes-no")

Let's play and relax. I'll name a couple of words. Some have related words, while others do not. If I name a couple of related words, you nod your head - "yes." If I name a couple of words that are not related, you nod "no." Try to be careful!

forest - forester wall - nail snow - ice

river - raft cat - cat falcon - juice

son - son field - polyushko leaf - leaf

house - home, house - smoke mountain - hill

Make a few more exercises that set you up for further work.

Group work . Piggy bank game.

The class is divided into groups (4-5 people each). Each group receives a task - to collect (invent) as many single-root words as possible in their piggy bank in 2-3 minutes. The group with the most words wins.

Choose who will write the words. Representatives of each group receive (pull out without looking) a sheet with a task.

What task do you think you will be doing? (select single-root words with a given root)

1gr - with a root garden

2gr - forest

3g - feed

4g - feed

5gr- forest

6g - garden

Examination. Show me how many words you made up? We check with the representative of the group that has the most words. The student reads, everyone signals whether they agree or not. (Forms of words!) What other words does the 2nd group have that worked with the same root (we listen). The members of the group that came up with the most words put "+" in the margins of the notebook. Similarly, we check for other groups.

Conclusion: The root is the same everywhere - a bezud vowel! Different parts of speech! Do not write word forms!)

And now everyone has the opportunity to test their knowledge.

Slice ( independent work) - perform a test with tasks, as a result they must collect the word "plus".

Who got the word "plus", stand up. Well done! This is the third plus for the lesson. Put the test in your notebook.

Those who scored three plus signs for the lesson and completed all the tasks without errors will receive "5".

1. Find a group of words where the root is highlighted correctly:

o) cold, cold, cold;

n) bush, bush, shrub;

p) winter, hibernate, winter.

2. Find a group of words with the same root:

j) sick, swamp, talker;

k) move, walk, transition;

m) high, juice, falcon.

3. Find a group of non-single-root words:

e) rook, rook, rook;

j) paddle, spring, scales;

i) mushroom, mushroom picker, mushroom.

4. Find a group of words with the root mor- (e):

c) sailor, marine, seaside;

t) kill, overseas, morel;

y) humor, comedian, humorous.

The result of the lesson, d / s

, reflection.

For those who didn’t get the word, think about what’s wrong? What should be done to fix it? What else needs to be worked on?

(D/z - optionally(on stripes of different colors):

I suggest that you determine for yourself what needs to be repeated at home, what else to work on. To do this, select the desired strip with d / s (raise the strips).

1c- ex. 115 (recognition of one-word words)

2c- ex. 113 (selection of single-root words)

3c- *** creative task - prepare (find or come up with it yourself) for your classmates your task on the topic “Single-root words” (for those who understand everything, who succeeded in everything in the lesson)

So our lesson has come to an end. What have we learned today?

CONCLUSION: they learned to select and recognize words with the same root among others, to highlight the root.

Did you understand everything? Have you learned everything?

Did you like the lesson?

Well done! They worked together, carefully and diligently! Moved high! The lesson is over.