Belarus, Davyd-Haradok, history of origin, ancient settlement of David-Haradok, David-Gorodetsky castle, flowers, David-Haradok from a bird's eye view.

History of occurrence

No one can name the exact date of the city's foundation. According to archeology, this is the end of the 11th or the beginning of the 12th century. Scientists are of the opinion that the city was founded in 1100, although this is very conditional. The city is ancient, although now it is small, and it cannot proudly boast of a lot of sights, but is it not enough that there is? ..
There are usually legends about the founding of a city. Like, for example, Princess Olga herself founded. And here David-Haradok founded was the grandson of Yaroslav the Wise, Prince David. The city has not always been called that way. At first it was called simply - "Gorodok" (maybe that's why the inhabitants still call themselves gorodchuks, or more precisely gorochuks?), later already in the 15th century - Gorodok Davydov, well, since the 17th century it has completely received its modern name - David-Gorodo to.

During its long history, Gorodok was included in different principalities, belonged to different countries: at the end of the 14th century it was part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, in 1509 it belonged to the Pinsk principality, in 1523 Queen Bona Sforza became its mistress, since 1551 Radzivils owned Gorodok. In 1655, the governor Prince F.F. Volkonsky defeated the Poles here, and captured D.-G. and burned the place. After the 2nd partition of the Commonwealth, in 1793 he went to Russia. On January 22, 1796, the city received its own coat of arms. From 1921 to 1939 it was part of Poland.

Settlement

What to see when visiting David-Gorodo to tourists? Probably, the central square, around which both the museum of local lore, and the monument to the prince - the founder of the city, and the Castle Hill itself are concentrated. When you climb it, you understand that a long time ago life was in full swing here. Already in the XI century, here, on this small hill, people lived, were engaged in crafts, raised animals, and fished. As it often happens, you are surprised to understand that such a small area had its own streets, and a temple, and residential buildings, at this point the thought breaks off, and I involuntarily turn around to the drawn-out lowing of a cow grazing in the middle of the settlement. However, everything is in order. Here, a man passed through the former citadel, holding his bicycle behind the wheel, the sky over the mountain frowns, not allowing a single ray of sunshine to warm this ancient settlement.

Now only a memorial stone is installed on the mountain, which says that the first settlement was here - the city on the Goryn River originated from here. In 1937-1938, Polish archaeologists under the leadership of R. Yakimovich, and in 1967 under the leadership of P.F. Lysenko, unearthed the remains of log cabins of residential buildings, a wooden church, pavements, and outbuildings - the Zarubinets settlement. From the northwest to the southeast, as well as from the northeast to the southwest, two intersecting wooden pavements stretched. The church stood among residential buildings, consisting of a rectangular main frame and a smaller frame - the altar. Near the church, 25 graves of the first owners of the ancient city and their commanders were found. Detinets was fortified with a rampart and a moat. Also, during excavations on the citadel, many fragments of clay vessels were found (some had the mark of a master). Wooden handicrafts were found (for example, maple wood mace tops ornamented with spiral patterns, combs with a circular ornament, etc.), bone awls, needles for weaving nets, as well as numerous handicrafts made of iron and bronze. Finds of glass bracelets and slate whorls confirm urban character of the settlement David-Haradka in the XI-XII centuries.

Wooden David-Gorodets Castle

In 1655, during the Russian-Polish war, the city was destroyed and burned. Castle Hill rose only 3-5 meters above the water level in Horyn. In the XVII-XVIII centuries, a wooden castle was erected on the site of the ancient settlement, which included the Upper and Lower Castles. The upper castle was surrounded by a high rampart and surrounded by water. The lower castle had a parkan fence. The total length of the line of fortifications of both castles was 980 meters, of which 466 meters fell on the Upper Castle, and 534 meters on the lower one. In front of it was a garden and a wooden church (built in 1649), which burned down in 1839. The lower castle was connected by a bridge to the market square. The entrance to the bridge was closed by a gate. A bridge led from the Lower Castle to the Upper Castle through an oak gate. From the castle and the square, the main streets are laid in radial directions.
Gradually, the castles dilapidated and turned from fortifications into the residence of the Radzivils.

Flowers? Flowers! :)

"The roads took me to a small Davyd-Haradok market town, which is above the river Gorynya, in Polissya. Great place, by the way. Occupation of the inhabitants - flowers. There is not much land, because summer floods often flood the area. therefore, each dry piece is for roses, gillyflowers, matthiola, sweet peas, dahlias, gramophones, asters, terry rose hips and thousands and thousands of other varieties. Seeds, tubers, flowers are sold all the way to Siberia, and therefore every house has a sign of the sun, and the houses themselves go crazy, suffocate in an ocean of flowers.
This is how V. S. Korotkevich wrote in his book "The Earth Fallen with White Wings". It is hard to believe that the seeds from this small town were dispersed at one time throughout the Union and were in such great demand. If you drive to the central square to the monument to Prince David, nothing unusual or anything that would speak of such an important occupation of the gorodchuks is striking, although ... Maybe it's just the beginning of October? :) Although at the beginning of October, the foot of the Castle Hill, illuminated by the sun, pleases with late forbs.

David-Gorodok from a bird's eye view.

Residents of the city not only love their city, they love it very much. Upon arrival in David-Gorodok, I inherited a cloudy sky from the beginning of October, which never once smiled with a single ray of sunshine ... Horyn and Zamkovaya Hill did not seem very beautiful - after all, the blue sky and the trees carefully embraced by the sun mean for I have a lot of moods... Arriving in different cities, the tradition of riding in the parks of culture and recreation on the "Ferris Wheel", if it exists, was also quickly forgotten, but in vain! The extraordinary beauty of the city and the river is revealed in photographs Alexander Kuzmich, judge for yourself ...

David-Haradok, Horyn,bird's-eye.

The town of David-Gorodok is located on the Goryn River and at the intersection of the Stolin - David-Gorodok - Turov - Zhitkovichi highway, 35 km northeast of Stolin, 280 km from Brest, 39 km from the Goryn railway station on the Luninets-Sarny line . On October 6, 2000, David-Haradok, where 7200 inhabitants lived, celebrated its 900th anniversary. By this date, a monument to Prince David was erected in the city.

As of September 2017, 5892 residents live in the city. Its administrative area is 1239 hectares.

David-Haradok arose at the beginning of the 12th century and had cultural and trade ties with Kyiv, Volhynia and the Northern Black Sea region.

It was first mentioned at the end of the 14th century, as part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Since 1523 it belonged to Queen Bona, and since 1551 - to the princes Radziwills.

In the middle of the 16th century, it appears on the map of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania under the name of the Town of David. In 1793, David-Gorodok was annexed to Russia, and from 1921 to 1939 was part of Poland.

From January 15, 1940 to January 19, 1961 - the district center of the David-Gorodok district, and then the city as part of the Stolin district of the Brest region.

History of the city of David Gorodok

David-Gorodok is not mentioned in Russian chronicles. It is believed that the name David-Haradok comes from the name of the grandson of Yaroslav the Wise, Prince of Volynand the founder of TurovDavid Igorevich, who received possession of Pogorynya instead of the Vladimir principality taken from him.

But there are other legends about the founding of the city. One of them, for example, says: “Davydgorodites are Kiev evacuees who, as a military squad, went to fight in the Turov principality together with their prince Davyd from the tribe of the Kiev inheritance: what kind of prince it was is not defined in the privileges, but it is certain that after various military failures he and his squad exchanged a sword for a quiet life and founded a town not far from Turov.

D.Z. Shendrik and A. P. Sapunov associate the name and foundation of the city with a historical figure, but they see more authenticity in the legend of the Yatvingian Prince David Igorevich, who blinded Vasilko, Prince Terebovskiy. But according to local legends, David-Haradok is incomparably older and was built by the prince of Turov, who was baptized under the name of David.

In 1936, excavations began in the city after numerous and well-preserved remains of wooden structures were found deep in the ground in the foundation pit for the foundation of the church, which was being built to replace the burned-out one.

In the course of archaeological work, in 1937-1938, a significant area of ​​the settlement was unearthed, a trench was cut through the entire settlement, and the structure of defensive ramparts on the territory of the so-called Castle (Church) mountain was studied.

In 1967, the Turov detachment of the archaeological expedition of the Institute of History of the Academy of Sciences of the BSSR conducted excavations, the materials of which became the main source confirming the ancient history of David-Gorodok. " The characteristic round shape of the settlement with a rampart in diameter makes it possible to date it to the 12th century.- considers the famous Belarusian archaeologist Petr Fedorovich Lysenko.

Until the 14th century, David-Haradok was a city of the Principality of Turov, then it became part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. At the end of the 14th century, the Yaroslavichi again became the owners of the city with the consent of the Polish king Casimir IV - the city again passed into the possession of the Rurikovich.After the death of the Yaroslavichs, their possessions of Pinsk, Gorodok Davydov, Kletsk and Rogachev pass to the Polish crown.

The Grand Duke of Lithuania and the Polish king Sigismund I transfers these rich lands to his wife, Polish Queen Bona Sforza, a representative of the powerful family of the Medici. Queen Bona is carrying out a number of administrative and economic reforms that contribute to the development of the entire Polesye region.

During her reign, the Tatars more than once undertook predatory raids on the Polissya lands. It is known that in 1527 Prince Konstantin Ostrozhsky defeated the Tatars 40 kilometers from Pinsk on the Pripyat River. After this victory, Queen Bona allowed the captive Tatars to settle in David-Gorodok and its environs. The Tatars were granted the right to marry local girls, subject to the adoption of Orthodoxy.

Since 1551, the city has become the property of the princely family of the Radziwills, who fortified the old castle and surrounded the city with wooden walls. According to the atlas published in 1554 in Holland by the cartographer G. Merkat, David-Haradok was quite large locality. According to the administrative reform of 1566, the city with its environs entered the Pinsk district of the Beresteysky voivodeship.

According to the revision of 1559 in Gorodok, as the city was then called, there were 4 churches: Dmitrievskaya, Voskresenskaya, Nikolaevskaya, Kozma-Demianovskaya.

In the 17th century, David-Haradok would have been a developed handicraft and trade center. Information has been preserved that at that time 29 artisans of 17 specialties worked in the city, there were craft workshops. In the inventory of 1665 there are 35 artisans, at the end of the 17th century. 32 handicraft specialties are already mentioned.

David-Haradok has never been a major craft center, although geographically it was located in the center of the Radziwill's possessions in Polissya.

Metalworking and weapons trade were carried out by castle craftsmen, who worked mainly for the needs of the magnate court. Later, some types of crafts acquired a guild organization. The inventory of 1670 mentions a shoemaker's shop, and 1692 - a fisherman's shop.

Trading activity in the life of David-Haradok played an important role, since it is conveniently located on the waterway. Already at the beginning of the 16th century, the city became the trading center of the Volyn-Podolsk region.They traded mainly grain, fish, chalk, mushrooms, berries, game, poultry, livestock, handicrafts.

Among the merchants were merchants, dealers and shinkari. In a document of 1760, it is recorded that the shops in David-Gorodok are located close to each other in the middle of the market square and in the form of a square, into which four gates lead. In total there were 50 shops built by the magnate administration, sold or rented to the townspeople. More than half of the inhabitants of the city were engaged in trade. This is confirmed by the inventory of 1753, where it is written: "All the people in this city are removed by the merchants and trade, and from the trip by canoes they are looking for the most income for themselves."

The craving for trade has also been preserved among the current gorodchuks, as the locals call themselves. Driving through the city in the summer, you can see plantations of various flowers in the backyards, as well as greenhouses where cucumbers and tomatoes are grown for sale.

Since 1793, David-Gorodok has been ceded to the Russian Empire. It becomes the center of the county of the Minsk province. The Senate, having given it the status of a city, on January 22, 1796, presents the city coat of arms, on which, on a black background, a silver river with a pier, gates and a golden vessel with goods.

In 1836, the trade and economic importance of David-Haradok increased significantly. This was facilitated by the transfer of its inhabitants to the class of philistines. A shipyard and storage facilities are under construction. The population conducts active trade with Warsaw, Danzig, Vilnius, Kenisberg and other cities.

In the next decade, the townspeople of Gorodets were engaged in trade, fishing, carpentry, weaving, shipbuilding, shoemaking, tailoring and blacksmithing, and rafting timber.

In addition, local craftsmen were well known for skillful weaving for half-cat carriages. From here, by the way, the name Polukoshko came from.

In the 19th century, industrial enterprises and workshops began to be created in David-Gorodok. Two water mills were erected on the old river (the left side of the Goryn River), therefore the left bank of the city is still called Melniki, and the tract between the current Krasnaya and Severnaya streets, where the mills were located, is called Gamaria.

In the report of the Minsk governor in 1860, a brewery was mentioned, which produced the famous "Peysakhovskaya" vodka.

In 1886, the township of David-Haradok was part of the Khorskaya volost of the Mozyr district of the Minsk province. At that time, there were 35 shops in the city, a Catholic church, 3 synagogues, Orthodox Church, post station, zemstvo public school, opened in 1863.

In 1897, 7385 people lived in Gorodok.

In the second half of the XIX century. On the banks of the Gorynya in the Ukhabishche (Khabishche) tract, a sawmill was built with a steam engine that set in motion a sawmill, circular and woodworking machines. The plant mainly produced parts for making oak barrels and shingles for roofs. Manufactured products were sent to England. During the First World War, the plant burned down and was no longer restored.

An important role in the life of the city at the end of the XIX century. played r. Goryn and the local marina. For rafting and navigation, the river was convenient only in spring and autumn. In summer, this was prevented by shoals, blockages, mill dams. Along the Goryn and further along the Pripyat and the Dnieper, timber was rafted, bread, agricultural products, resin, tar and other goods were transported from the Volyn province to Kyiv, and through the Oginsky water system - through the Neman and further to the Baltic. Therefore, the transport of goods was under the strict control of the chamber (customs), which was located at the confluence of the Sezhka River with Goryn.

Soviet power in David-Gorodok was established in November 1917. In 1918-1920. David-Haradok was occupied by German and later by Polish troops. From 1921 to 1939 it was part of Poland. In 1939, 11.5 thousand people lived in David-Gorodok.

In the interwar period, David-Haradok continued to be an important trade and economic center of the Stolin region and was part of the Chora commune. There were a court, a police station, a private bank, 2 schools, 5 libraries, 5 hotels for several places, 2 restaurants. A brick factory (since 1905) and a tannery of Finkelstein operated here. Many residents worked at the local shipyard of the large industrialist Moch. Several mills worked here, which served not only David-Haradok, but also nearby villages.

David-Gorodok became part of the Byelorussian SSR in 1939. Since 1940, it received the status of a city, and since January 1940, David-Gorodok has been the center of the Pinsk region of the Byelorussian SSR.

From July 7, 1941 to July 8, 1944, David-Gorodok was occupied by Nazi troops. On July 9, 1944, he was liberated by the troops of the First Belorussian Front.

Today in David-Gorodok there are OJSC "David-Gorodok Electromechanical Plant" and a bakery - a branch of OJSC "Beresteyskiy Pekar".

There are also 2 secondary schools, a kindergarten-nursery, a children's and youth sports school, a House of Culture, a post office, a hospital, as well as a branch of Belagroprombank OJSC and Belarusbank ASB.

September 2, 2017 the regional festival-fair "Dozhinki-2017" was held in David-Gorodok . By this holiday, the city has changed. About 7 billion rubles were allocated for construction and reconstruction.

David-Gorodok (Belarusian: Davyd-Garadok) is a city (since 1940) in the Stolin district of the Brest region of Belarus. Located on the river Goryn. 6,700 inhabitants (2009).

Notable natives and residents

• Misko, Pavel Andreevich (1931-2011) - Belarusian writer, author of prose books for children, science fiction writer.

Jewish community

In 1521 1551. David-Haradok is the property of the Polish Queen Bona Sforza. With her favor, Jews from Western Europe began to arrive and settle in D-Gorodok and its environs. They were engaged in crafts and trade.

In the Lithuanian-Polish Principality, Jews enjoyed significant benefits in the economic sphere, had their own self-government - they lived in Kagal, professed Judaism. So it was in D-Gorodok. There was a rabbi, there were two synagogues, Jewish schools. The legal status of the Jews was legalized in the Constitution of 1588.

After the Second Partition of the Commonwealth in 1793, D-Gorodok became part of Russia and became the center of the district of the Minsk province.

Soviet power in D-Gorodok was established in November 1917. In 1918-1920 D-Gorodok was occupied by German and later by Polish troops. From 1921 to 1939 it was part of Poland. The Jews of D-Gorodok lived along the central Yuryevskaya (now Sovetskaya) street in houses with direct access to the street.

After the advent of Soviet power, Jews took an active part in elections to local authorities.

Since January 1940, the D-town has been the center of the district of the Pinsk region, the Belarusian Republic.

July 7, 1941 David-Haradok was occupied by Nazi troops. The Germans created a ghetto in Davyd-Haradok for local Jews. Jewish women and children, about 1,200 people, were expelled from the city by local residents (philistines), and their property was looted by local residents [source not specified 122 days]. Subsequently, almost all of them died during the destruction of the Stolin ghetto in the Stasino tract.

The Nazis were strictly forbidden local residents hide Jews in their homes, for disobedience, the whole family was shot, hiding a Jew in their house. The Jews offered the inhabitants money and gold to be hidden or taken to the partisans. Some, risking their own lives and the lives of their relatives, agreed to this and helped the Jews.

Heraldry

On January 22, 1796 (Law No. 17435), the emblem of the town of Davydogorodka was approved (together with other emblems of the Minsk governorate).

“In the upper part of the shield is the coat of arms of Minsk. At the bottom, in a black field, is the Pripyat River, on the banks of which there is a silver pier with two gates and a mooring golden ship, loaded with goods, tied in three bales.

The coat of arms of David-Gorodok was approved on June 28, 1997 by Decision No. 17 of the David-Gorodok City Executive Committee. The coat of arms was included in the Coat of Arms of the Republic of Belarus on December 1, 1997 under No. 10:

“in the black field of the “Russian”, or “French”, shield, the river Goryn, on the banks of which there is a silver pier with two gates, a golden ship with bales of goods moored to it.

Story

Arose at the end of XI or beginning. XII centuries. Vladimir-Volyn prince David Igorevich is considered to be the founder of the city, it was in his honor that the city got its name. According to local tradition, D.-G. was built by some prince of Turov, who adopted the name Davyd in Orthodoxy. First, the area around D.-G. belonged to Kievan Rus, then Volyn principality. In the XII-XIII centuries it was the center of a specific principality, then the city became part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. In 1509 he was part of the Pinsk prince-va.

David-Haradok is a city of district subordination in the Stolin district of the Brest region. It is located on the Goryn River, 99 km from Pinsk, 273 km from Brest, 292 km from Minsk. The distance to the border with Ukraine is 48 km. Through David-Haradok passes the road of republican significance Zhitkovichi - David-Haradok - the border of Ukraine.

History of development - Davyd-Haradok

P> It is believed that David-Gorodok was founded in 1100 by the Volyn prince David Igorevich, from whom the name of the settlement, previously called simply "Gorodok", came from. From the 15th century, the name changed somewhat to Gorodok Davydov, and from the 17th century. the city received its modern name - David-Haradok.

From the middle of the 14th century, David-Haradok became part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and became the possession of the Lithuanian princes. In the XVI century. The Grand Duke of Lithuania and Poland, King Sigismund I, transfers his Polesye possessions, including David-Haradok, to his wife, Queen Bona Sforza, who is carrying out a number of administrative and economic reforms that contribute to the development of the region. During the reign of Bona Sforza, David-Haradok was often attacked by the Tatars. So, in 1527, the great Lithuanian hetman Konstantin Ostrozhsky defeated the Tatar army near Pinsk, after which the captured Tatars were allowed to settle in David-Gorodok and, having converted to Orthodoxy, marry local girls.

In the middle of the 16th century, King Sigismund II Augustus granted the place to the Vilna governor, Prince Nikolai Radziwill the Black. Subsequently, David-Haradok was transformed into a majorate and was inherited by the eldest of the sons of the family. The Radziwills owned the town until the beginning of the 20th century.

In the 16th century, David-Gorodok became a major trading center specializing in the trade of grain, fish, honey, mushrooms, berries, game, poultry, livestock, and handicrafts. More than half of the city's population was engaged in trade. It is known that the city had the Magdeburg Law, which it received at the end of the 16th century from Albrecht Radziwill, although no documents proving this have been preserved. The independence of the city is indicated by the data on the presence of the bourgeois class in David-Haradok, the election of the governing bodies, as well as independence in economic life.

In 1793, as a result of the Second Partition of the Commonwealth, David-Haradok became part of the Russian Empire. In the 19th century, industry actively developed in the town: a distillery and a tannery, a shipyard, an oil mill, mills, and a sawmill functioned. In November 1917, a Soviet authority, and already in the 1918-1920s. the city was occupied first by German and later by Polish troops.

According to the terms of the Riga Peace Treaty of 1921, David-Haradok, as part of Western Belarus, became part of Poland, where it was until the start of World War II in 1939. In the autumn of the same year Soviet troops entered the territory of Western Belarus, which, from that moment, became part of the BSSR. On July 7, 1941, David-Gorodok was abandoned by the Red Army and occupied by the Nazi troops. Released on July 9, 1944 by troops of the 1st Belorussian Front during the Belorussian Strategic offensive operation. During the Great Patriotic War a Jewish ghetto was organized in the town, in which almost the entire Jewish population of the town was destroyed.

Today David-Haradok is a modern city with industrial enterprises, cultural and educational institutions.

Tourism potential - Davyd-Haradok

Of greatest interest to tourists in David-Gorodok is the wooden three-frame building, erected in 1724 and being the prototype of many religious buildings of the 18th century. The external decoration of the church is quite modest, however, the wooden carving in the altar part of the temple is a wonderful example of folk art.

In the center of the city rises - to Prince David. In addition, nearby ancient castle. The headquarters of the Polish border battalion, where the soldiers' barracks and the old Jewish cemetery were located, have also been preserved in the city. An excellent example of the retrospective Russian style is the five-dome building built in 1913.

David-Haradok is a small town in the Stolin district, Brest region of Belarus. The main architectural landmark of David-Haradok is the wooden church of St. George, built in the second half of the 17th century and somewhat rebuilt in 1724. There are no complex architectural elements in the external and internal decoration of this temple, everything is done quite simply and restrainedly, which is very typical for such ancient wooden religious buildings. To date, this temple in David-Haradok is in excellent condition and is a very interesting architectural monument of Belarusian wooden architecture, cultural and historical value and landmark of Belarus. On the example of this temple, you can try to imagine what typical wooden churches looked like in the distant 17th century. Near the Church of St. George in David-Haradok there is also a small bell tower built in the 19th century.

Another attraction of David-Gorodok is the Church of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God. This temple was erected in David-Gorodok relatively recently, in 1913. Near the church there is also a small chapel and a beautiful gate built in the same year. This beautiful temple is also currently in excellent condition and is an architectural monument and cultural and historical value of Belarus.

A kind of business card, symbol and most recognizable object of David-Gorodok is the monument to Prince David, the founder of David-Gorodok, after whom this town got its name. Other attractions of David-Haradok include: firstly, the building of the former church, originally built in 1936, and now rebuilt as a club; and secondly, several other buildings dating mainly from the beginning of the 20th century, led by the building of the former headquarters of the Polish border battalion, which can be attributed to the city's historical buildings.

David-Haradok is one of the oldest settlements on the territory of modern Belarus. There is an ancient settlement or, in other words, a castle dating back to the 12th century. Now this archaeological monument is just a small hill of a characteristic shape. But under a small layer of soil there really are the remains of ancient wooden buildings and fences, adobe stoves and cobbled streets.