Presentation on the topic of methods of teaching stylistics. Presentation on the topic "stylistics" Official - business style

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Stylistics

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Russian language styles

Scientific style is a style whose main function is to convey information and prove its truth. This is the style of a monograph (a scientific work developing one topic, one range of issues), an article, a report, an abstract (a summary of the content scientific work), annotations (brief characteristics of a book, article), lectures, etc. The peculiarity of the style is accuracy, consistency of speech, inadmissibility of expressive means. Formal business style is a style whose main function is information. This is the style of official documents, laws, charters, regulations, orders, business papers, etc. Features of the style are extreme precision, standard means of expression, inadmissibility of emotional, colloquial vocabulary. Journalistic style is a style whose main function is information and influence: journalism is designed to actively intervene in life and shape public opinion. This is the style of newspaper and magazine articles, radio and television journalism materials, lectures, speeches by speakers at meetings, rallies, congresses, etc. Peculiarities style - social evaluativeness, which is manifested in the selection of facts, in the use of expressive language means. Artistic style is style fiction. In the artistic style, all linguistic means are used to create images. Colloquial style - style everyday speech.

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Expressive means of language

Among the expressive means, the following should be highlighted. Vocabulary of various stylistic colors: both solemn words (power, rise up) and colloquial vocabulary (phraseologisms - beat your thumbs, disservice) are widely used. Tropes, that is, figures of speech in which a word or expression is used figuratively in order to achieve greater expressiveness.

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Types of tropes

Metaphor is the use of a word in a figurative meaning based on the similarity of two objects or phenomena. The similarity can be in shape: apple (fruit) - apple (eye); by color: gold item- Golden autumn; by location: human nose - boat bow; by function: janitor (worker) - janitor (car windshield wiper) Find metaphors in the sentences. 1) It’s fun to make your way along a narrow path between two walls of tall rye. 2) Stately aspens babble high above you. 3) The golden voice of the robin sounds with innocent, chatty joy. 4) The air shook all around. 5) The memory silently develops its long scroll in front of me. 6) You have come to terms with the high-flown dreams of my spring.

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Metonymy is the use of the name of one object instead of the name of another object on the basis of an external or internal connection between them. The connection can be between: an object and the material from which the object is made: either on silver or gold. (A. Griboedov) content and containing: Well, eat another plate, my dear. (I. Krylov) action and the instrument of this action: His pen breathes revenge. (A. Tolstoy) by the author and his work: I read Apuleius willingly, but did not read Cicero. (A. Pushkin) between the place and the people located in this place: But our open bivouac was quiet (M. Lermontov). Find metonymy in sentences. 1) No, my Moscow did not go to him with a guilty head. 2) Here the wild nobility, without feelings, without law, has appropriated to itself with a violent vine the labor, property, and time of the farmer. 3) He condemned their villages and fields to swords and fires for the violent raid. 4) The audience listened to every word of the lecturer. 5) She took off all the gold and put it in the box.

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Synecdoche - the name of a part of an object is transferred to the entire object, and vice versa - the name of the whole is used instead of the name of the part. In synecdoche it is used: part instead of the whole: All flags will visit us. (A. Pushkin) Flags are ships; singular instead of plural: And it was heard until dawn how the Frenchman rejoiced. (M. Lermontov); plural instead of singular: We are all looking at Napoleons (A. Pushkin) Find synecdoche in the sentences. 1) The only visitor, high thin back with long hair, argued with a local worker. 2) The skinny back with a sobbing voice repelled the attack 3) Everyone is sleeping - man, beast, and bird. 4) I want a little: a roof over my head and a piece of bread. 5) Only a reckless mind could decide to do this. 6) The Russian land can give birth to its own Platos and quick-witted Newtons.

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Epithet is an artistic, figurative definition: a cheerful wind, dead silence, hoary antiquity. An epithet refers not only to an adjective, but also to a noun-adjunct: tramp - wind, old man ocean, as well as an adverb that metaphorically defines the verb: Petrograd lived tensely, excitedly, frantically on those nights. (A. Tolstoy.) Find epithets in sentences. 1) I was illuminated by the helpless sun of September. 2) Behind the fence in the garden, the watchman was snoring peacefully. 3) His voice was quite pleasant and sweet. 4) This fluttering, ringing sound had a strange effect on all of us. 5) The old man, the ocean seemed to be silent. 6) If some landowner goose comes to them, the bear will come straight into the living room.

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Comparison is the likening of one object to another based on a common characteristic. The comparison is expressed: in the instrumental case: Dust stands in a column in the air (B. Gorbatov.); form of the comparative degree of an adjective or adverb: You are dearer to me than everyone else, dearer than everyone else; in turns with comparative conjunctions: Below, like a mirror, lies a lake; lexically, using the words similar, similar: Her love for her son was like madness (M. Gorky). Find comparisons in sentences. 1) Your heart will flutter like a bird. 2) The air nearby is somehow especially transparent, like glass. 3) Whiter than the snowy mountains, the clouds are moving to the west. 4) Yakov’s eyes became as hot as coals, and he trembled all over like a leaf, and smiled randomly. 5) A damp breeze occasionally comes in a light wave.

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Periphrasis - replacing the name of a person, object or phenomenon with a description of their essential features or an indication of their character traits: king of beasts - lion, Peter's creation - Petersburg. Find paraphrases in these sentences. 1) Friends of Lyudmila and Ruslan! Without delay, let me introduce you to the hero of my novel right now. 2) Under the sky of Schiller and Goethe, their soul ignited in him with their poetic fire. 3) But more often passions occupied the minds of my hermits. 4) Returned to his penates, Vladimir Lensky visited his neighbor’s humble monument. 5) With his own syllable in an important mood, it happened that the fiery creator showed us his hero as a model of perfection. 6) He orders Lepage’s servant to carry the fatal trunks behind him.

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Allegory is an allegorical depiction of an abstract concept using a concrete, life-like image: in fables and fairy tales, cowardice is shown in the form of a hare, deceit in the form of a snake. Hyperbole is a figurative expression containing an exorbitant exaggeration of the size, strength, meaning, etc. of some object, phenomenon: The sunset burned at one hundred and forty suns. (V. Mayakovsky.) Find hyperboles in sentences. 1) A rare bird will fly to the middle of the Dnieper. 2) The stars burn and shine over the world and all at once radiate into the Dnieper. 3) Patsyuk lived like a real Cossack: he did not work, slept three-quarters of the day, ate for six mowers and drank almost a whole bucket at a time. 4) Wind, wind - all over God's world. 5) Some houses are as long as the stars, others as long as the moon.

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Litota is a figurative expression containing an incomplete understatement of the size, strength, significance, etc. of any object, phenomenon: Your Pomeranian, lovely Pomeranian, no more than a thimble. (A. Griboyedov.) Find the litotes in the sentences. 1) You have to bow your head below the thin blade of grass. 2) Our world is wonderfully designed... He has an excellent cook, but, unfortunately, such a small mouth that he can’t miss more than two pieces. 3) There was not a crumb of bread or a drop of water in the house. 4) The mayor was so short in stature that he could not carry out the laws.

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Personification is the endowment of inanimate objects with the signs and properties of a person: Nature was waiting for winter. (A. Pushkin.) Find personifications in sentences. 1) Silent sadness will be consoled, and joy will begin to reflect. 2) Enveloped in drowsiness, the half-naked forest is sad. 3) The autumn night burst into tears of icy tears. 4) The forest shed its peaks, the garden bared its brow, September breathed, and the dahlias were scorched by the breath of the night. 5) The steamer ate coal until twelve and fresh water drank.

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Expressive syntax and figures of speech A figure of speech is a figure of speech, a syntactic structure used to enhance the expressiveness of a statement. Antithesis is a stylistic figure that serves to enhance the expressiveness of speech by sharply contrasting concepts, thoughts, images: You are rich, I am very poor. You are a prose writer, I am a poet. (A. Pushkin.) Find the antithesis in each of these sentences. 1) Who is created from stone, who is created from clay - and I silver and sparkle. 2) This path is light and darkness, the whistle of a bandit in the clearings. 3) And her tears are water, and her blood is water, she washed herself in blood, in tears! Not a mother, but a stepmother Love: do not expect either judgment or mercy. 4) I look into centuries, I live in minutes. 5) From others, praise to me is nothing but praise from you and blasphemy.

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Gradation is a stylistic figure consisting of such an arrangement of parts of a statement in which each subsequent one contains an increasing or decreasing semantic or emotional-expressive meaning, due to which an increase or decrease in the impression they make is created: I came, I saw, I conquered. (Julius Caesar.) I don’t regret, I don’t call, I don’t cry... (S. Yesenin.) Find the gradation in the sentences. 1) In autumn, the feather grass steppes completely change and take on their own special, original appearance, unlike anything else. 2) I swear to the wounds of Leningrad, to the first devastated hearths: I will not break, I will not falter, I will not get tired, I will not forgive a grain to the enemies. 3) I knew beauties that were inaccessible, cold, pure as winter, implacable, incorruptible, incomprehensible to the mind. 4) Huge blue eyes glowed, burned, shone. 5) I hope, I believe: shameful prudence will never come to me. 6) Something was rustling somewhere, crawling, making its way.

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Inversion is a stylistic figure consisting of a violation of the usual word order; the rearrangement of parts of the phrase gives it a peculiar expressive tone: past the doorman, he flew up the marble steps like an arrow. (A. Pushkin.) Find inversion in sentences. 1) He replaced the ancient corvée with a light quitrent for the yoke. 2) I experienced a joyless, insane anxiety in love. 3) He gave excellent lunches. 4) He gave me his hand in farewell. 5) His intelligence and subtlety of instinct amazed me. 6) Here my friend burned out of shame.

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A rhetorical question is a stylistic figure, a structure of speech in which a statement is expressed in the form of a question. A rhetorical question does not presuppose an answer, it only enhances the emotionality of the statement, its expressiveness: Who is not affected by novelty? (A. Chekhov.) Polyunion is a stylistic figure. Slowing down speech with forced pauses, polyunion emphasizes individual words and enhances its expressiveness: I will either burst into tears, or scream, or faint. (A. Chekhov.) An oxymoron is a stylistic figure consisting of a combination of two concepts that contradict each other, logically excluding one another: bitter joy, ringing silence, eloquent silence. Find examples of oxymorons in the following sentences. 1) And the impossible is possible, the long road is easy. 2) But I soon comprehended the mystery of their ugly beauty. 3) Silence rumbles, not hearing my words.

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Parallelism is the same syntactic construction of neighboring sentences or segments of speech: Your mind is as deep as the sea. Your spirit is as high as the mountains. (V. Bryusov.) Find examples of parallelism in the following sentences. 1) These poor villages, this meager nature, are the native land of long-suffering, the land of the Russian people. 2) The stars pray, they twinkle and thin out, the month prays, floating on the azure, light clouds, curling, do not dare to attract storms from the dark earth to them. 3) The hazy afternoon lazily breathes, the river lazily rolls, and the fiery and pure firmament lazily melts the clouds. 4) I look at the future with fear, I look at the past with longing. Parcellation is a division of a sentence in which the content of the utterance is divided into several speech units, following one after another after a dividing pause: He soon quarreled with the girl. And here's why. (G. Uspensky.) Mitrofanov grinned and stirred the coffee. He narrowed his eyes. (N. Ilyina.)

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Types of texts

Types of texts: description, narration, reasoning. The main purpose of the description is to examine an object, a natural phenomenon, or the human condition more carefully, from all sides. The purpose of the narrative is to tell about an event and show the characters. The purpose of reasoning is to explore the causes and consequences of events, phenomena of social life, to give an assessment, and to express one’s point of view on this issue.

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Types of stylistic errors

Unmotivated repetition in a narrow context of the same word or words with the same root: A difficult situation has developed in the region with water supply to the population of the region. Pleonasms, that is, phrases containing a semantically redundant component: leading leader, gesturing with hands. Tautology, that is, repetition of what was said in other words: to connect together; the blow is sudden and unexpected. The use of cliches, that is, hackneyed expressions with a faded lexical meaning: the theme runs like a red thread. Monotony in the construction of sentences, in the choice of structures: the table is standing by the window. The chair is in the right corner. The sofa is against the wall. Mixing vocabulary of different styles: Seryozha imagines himself to be the strongest and is now friends with all kinds of punks.

• Scientific style
• Official business style.
• Journalistic style.
• Art style.
• Conversational style.

Scientific style- This is a style whose main function is to convey information and prove its truth. This is the style of a monograph (a scientific work developing one topic, one range of issues), an article, a report, an abstract (a brief summary of the content of a scientific work), an annotation (a brief description of a book, article), a lecture, etc.

The peculiarity of the style is accuracy, consistency of speech, inadmissibility of expressive means.

Official - business style - it is a style whose main function is information. This is the style of official documents, laws, charters, regulations, orders, business papers, etc.

Features of the style are extreme precision, standard means of expression, inadmissibility of emotional, colloquial vocabulary.

Journalistic style- This is a style whose main function is information and influence: journalism is designed to actively intervene in life and shape public opinion. This is the style of newspaper and magazine articles, radio and television journalism materials, lectures, speeches by speakers at meetings, rallies, congresses, etc.

Features of style are social assessment, which is manifested in the selection of facts and the use of expressive language means.

Art style- This is a style of fiction. In the artistic style, all linguistic means are used to create images.

Conversational style- style of everyday speech.

Among the expressive means, the following should be highlighted.

Vocabulary of various stylistic colors : both solemn words (power, rise up) and colloquial vocabulary (phraseologisms - kick your ass, disservice) are widely used.

Trails , that is, figures of speech in which a word or expression is used in a figurative meaning in order to achieve greater expressiveness.

Metaphor - the use of a word in a figurative meaning based on the similarity of two objects or phenomena. The similarity can be in shape: apple (fruit) - apple (eye); by color: golden thing - golden autumn; by location: human nose - boat bow; by function: janitor (worker) - janitor (car windshield wiper)

Find metaphors in sentences.

1. It’s fun to make your way along a narrow path between two walls of tall rye.

2. Stately aspens babble high above you.

4. The air shook all around.

5. The memory silently develops its long scroll in front of me.

6. You have come to terms with the high-flown dreams of my spring.

Metonymy - using the name of one object instead of the name of another object based on an external or internal connection between them. The connection can be between:

• the object and the material from which the object is made: either on silver or gold. (A. Griboyedov)

• content and containing: Well, eat another plate, my dear. (I. Krylov)

• action and the instrument of this action: His pen breathes vengeance. (A. Tolstoy)

• the author and his work: I read Apuleius willingly, but did not read Cicero. (A. Pushkin)

• between the place and the people located in this place: But our open bivouac was quiet (M. Lermontov).

Find metonymy in sentences

1. No, my Moscow did not go to him with a guilty head.

2. Here the wild nobility, without feelings, without law, has appropriated to itself with a violent vine the labor, property, and time of the farmer.

3. Because of the violent raid, he doomed their villages and fields to swords and fires.

4. The audience listened to every word of the lecturer.

5. She took off all the gold and put it in the box.

Synecdoche- the name of a part of an object is transferred to the entire object, and vice versa - the name of the whole is used instead of the name of the part. In synecdoche we use:

• part instead of whole: All flags will visit us. (A. Pushkin) Flags are ships;

• singular instead of plural: And you could hear the Frenchman rejoicing until dawn. (M. Lermontov);

• plural instead of singular: We all look at Napoleons (A. Pushkin)

Find synecdoche in sentences

1 . The only visitor, a tall thin back with long hair, was arguing with a local worker.

3. Everything is sleeping - man, beast, and bird.

4. I want a little: a roof over my head and a piece of bread.

5. Only a reckless head could decide to do this.

6. The Russian land can give birth to its own Platos and quick-witted Newtons.

Epithet - artistic, figurative definition: cheerful wind, dead silence, hoary antiquity. An epithet refers not only to an adjective, but also to a noun-adjunct: tramp - wind, old man ocean, as well as an adverb that metaphorically defines the verb: Petrograd lived tensely, excitedly, frantically on those nights. (A. Tolstoy.)

Find epithets in sentences

1. I was illuminated by the helpless September sun.

2. Behind the fence in the garden, the watchman was snoring peacefully.

4. This trembling, ringing sound had a strange effect on all of us.

5. The old man, the ocean seemed to be silent.

6. If some landowner goose comes to them, the bear will rush right into living room

Comparison - the likening of one object to another based on a common characteristic. The comparison is expressed:

• instrumental case : Dust stands in a column in the air (B. Gorbatov.);
• comparative form of an adjective or adverb : You are dearer to me than everyone else, dearest to me;
• turnovers with comparative unions : Below, like a mirror, lies the lake;
• lexically, using words similar, similar : Her love for her son was like madness (M. Gorky).

Find comparisons in sentences

1. Your heart will flutter like a bird.

2. The air nearby is somehow especially transparent, like glass.

3. Whiter than the snowy mountains, the clouds are moving to the west.

4. Yakov’s eyes became as hot as coals, and he trembled all over like a leaf, and smiled randomly.

5. A damp breeze occasionally comes in a light wave.

Periphrase - replacing the name of a person, object or phenomenon with a description of their essential features or an indication of their characteristic features: the king of beasts - the lion, Peter's creation - Petersburg.

Find paraphrases in these sentences

1. Friends of Lyudmila and Ruslan! Without delay, let me introduce you to the hero of my novel right now.

2. Under the sky of Schiller and Goethe, their poetic fire ignited his soul.

3. But more often passions occupied the minds of my hermits.

4. Returned to his penates, Vladimir Lensky visited his neighbor’s humble monument.

5. In his own style, in an important mood, the fiery creator used to show us his hero as a model of perfection.

6. He tells Lepage’s servant to carry the fatal trunks behind him.

Allegory - an allegorical depiction of an abstract concept using a concrete, life-like image: in fables and fairy tales, cowardice is shown in the form of a hare, deceit in the form of a snake.

Hyperbola - a figurative expression containing an exorbitant exaggeration of the size, strength, significance, etc. of some object, phenomenon: At one hundred and forty suns, the sunset burned. (V. Mayakovsky.)

Find hyperboles in sentences

1. A rare bird will fly to the middle of the Dnieper.

2. The stars burn and shine over the world and all at once give off in the Dnieper.

3. Patsyuk lived like a real Cossack: he did not work, slept three-quarters of the day, ate for six mowers and drank almost a whole bucket at a time.

4. Wind, wind - all over God's world.

5. Some houses are as long as the stars, others as long as the moon.

Litotes- a figurative expression containing an incomplete understatement of the size, strength, meaning, etc. of any object, phenomenon: Your Pomeranian, lovely Pomeranian, is no more than a thimble. (A. Griboedov.)

Find litotes in sentences

1. You have to bow your head below the thin blade of grass.

2. Our world is wonderfully designed... He has an excellent cook, but, unfortunately, such a small mouth that he can’t miss more than two pieces.

3. There was not a crumb of bread or a drop of water in the house.

4. The mayor was so short in stature that he could not carry out the laws.

Personification - endowing inanimate objects with the signs and properties of a person: Nature waited, waited for winter. (A. Pushkin.)

Find personifications in sentences

1. Silent sadness will be consoled, and joy will be playful and reflective.

2. Enveloped in drowsiness, the half-naked forest is sad.

3. The autumn night burst into tears of icy tears.

4. The forest shed its peaks, the garden exposed its brow, September breathed, and the dahlias were scorched by the breath of the night.

5. The steamer ate coal and drank fresh water until twelve.

Expressive syntax and figures of speech

Figure of speech - figure of speech, syntactic construction used to enhance the expressiveness of a statement.

Antithesis - a stylistic figure that serves to enhance the expressiveness of speech by sharply contrasting concepts, thoughts, images: You are rich, I am very poor. You are a prose writer, I am a poet. (A. Pushkin.)

Find the antithesis in each of these sentences

1. Who is created from stone, who is created from clay - but I silver and sparkle.

2. This path is light and darkness, the whistle of a bandit in the clearings.

3. And her tears are water, and her blood is water, she washed herself in blood, in tears! Not a mother, but a stepmother Love: do not expect either judgment or mercy.

4. I look into centuries, I live in minutes.

5. From others, praise is nothing but ash, from you and blasphemy is praise.

Gradation - a stylistic figure consisting of such an arrangement of parts of a statement in which each subsequent one contains an increasing or decreasing semantic or emotional-expressive meaning, due to which an increase or decrease in the impression they produce is created: I came, I saw, I conquered. (Julius Caesar.) I don’t regret, I don’t call, I don’t cry... (S. Yesenin.)

Find gradation in sentences

1. In autumn, the feather grass steppes completely change and take on their own special, original appearance, unlike anything else.

2. I swear to the wounds of Leningrad, to the first devastated hearths: I will not break, I will not falter, I will not get tired, I will not forgive a grain to the enemies.

3. I knew beauties that were inaccessible, cold, pure as winter, implacable, incorruptible, incomprehensible to the mind.

4. Huge blue eyes glowed, burned, shone.

5. I hope and believe that shameful prudence will never come to me.

6. Something was rustling, crawling, making its way somewhere.

Inversion - a stylistic figure consisting of a violation of the usual word order; the rearrangement of parts of the phrase gives it a peculiar expressive tone: past the doorman, he flew up the marble steps like an arrow. (A. Pushkin.)

Find inversion in sentences

1. He replaced the ancient corvée with a light quitrent for the yoke.

2. I experienced a joyless, insane anxiety in love.

3. He gave excellent lunches.

4. He gave me his hand in farewell.

5. His intelligence and subtlety of instinct amazed me.

6. Here my friend burned out of shame.

A rhetorical question - a stylistic figure, a structure of speech in which a statement is expressed in the form of a question. A rhetorical question does not presuppose an answer, it only enhances the emotionality of the statement, its expressiveness: Who is not affected by novelty? (A. Chekhov.)

Multi-Union - stylistic figure. Slowing down speech with forced pauses, polyunion emphasizes individual words and enhances its expressiveness: I will either burst into tears, or scream, or faint. (A. Chekhov.)

Oxymoron - a stylistic figure consisting of a combination of two concepts that contradict each other, logically excluding one another: bitter joy, ringing silence, eloquent silence.

Find examples of oxymorons in the following sentences

1 . And the impossible is possible, the long road is easy.

2. But I soon comprehended the mystery of their ugly beauty.

3. Silence rumbles, not hearing my words.

Find examples of parallelism in the following sentences

1. These poor villages, this meager nature, are the native land of long-suffering, the land of the Russian people.

2. The stars pray, they twinkle and thin, the moon prays, floating on the azure, light clouds, curling, do not dare to attract storms from the dark earth to them.

3. The hazy afternoon lazily breathes, the river lazily rolls, and the fiery and pure firmament lazily melts the clouds.

4. I look at the future with fear, I look at the past with longing.

Parallelism- identical syntactic structure of adjacent sentences or segments of speech: Your mind is as deep as the sea. Your spirit is as high as the mountains. (V. Bryusov.)

Parcellation - such a division of a sentence in which the content of the utterance is divided into several speech units, following one after another after a dividing pause: He soon quarreled with the girl. And here's why. (G. Uspensky.) Mitrofanov grinned and stirred the coffee. He narrowed his eyes. (N. Ilyina.)

Types of texts : description, narration, reasoning.

The main purpose of the description is consider an object, a natural phenomenon, or the human condition more carefully, from all sides.

The purpose of the story is talk about some event, show the heroes.

The purpose of the reasoning is explore the causes, consequences of events, phenomena of social life, give an assessment, express your point of view on this issue.

TYPES OF STYLISTIC ERRORS

Unmotivated repetition in the narrow context of the same word or words with the same root: A difficult situation has developed in the region with water supply to the population of the region.

Pleonasms , that is, phrases containing a semantically redundant component: leading leader, gesturing with hands.

Tautology , that is, repeating what was said in other words: connect together; the blow is sudden and unexpected.

Use of stamps , that is, hackneyed expressions with a faded lexical meaning: the theme runs like a red thread.

Monotony in the construction of sentences, in the choice of structures: the table is standing by the window. The chair is in the right corner. The sofa is against the wall.

Mixing vocabulary different styles: Seryozha imagines himself to be the strongest and is now friends with all kinds of punks.

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Slide captions:

Are we speaking correctly? Stylistics will help

Semenenko Larisa Vladimirovna, teacher of Russian language and literature at Kvitokskaya secondary school No. 1 (Taishetsky district, Irkutsk region) 2012 Author of the work:

Goal: The role of stylistics as a science. Increasing the level of speech culture. Application of acquired knowledge and skills in your own speech practice. Love your native Russian language. Be able to: Exercise speech control. Edit text. Create oral and written monologue and dialogic statements. Read and speak expressively.

“And the way he speaks, it’s like a river babbling.” (A. Pushkin) A science that studies speech styles and the use of linguistic means in them. Meet: Stylistics.

This is stylistically incorrect speech. "Toothache" speech

Speech is clear and expressive, logically coherent and convincing, clean and lively, understandable and interesting. Correct speech is the basis of speech culture, that is, the ability to master language norms and use expressive means of language. Correct speech

A powerful movie by A. Barto... And so the brother began his story: -They crawl, And he tells them! And just then She was crawling, And how he would give him out of spite! She told them - once! They give her one! But then he saved Her, He was at one with her. Wow, powerful movie! Half a minute for a joke

What can you say about the “narrator”? What weed words interfere with the normal speech of the hapless “hero”? Could the sister understand the content of the film? Do you understand? Shall we talk?

Find and correct 8 stylistic errors in the student's story. “In one... this, what’s his... well... estate lived one landowner Troekurov. Troekurov was very rich, and he didn’t listen to anyone, he did everything the way he wanted, and everyone was afraid of him...” “Eloquence”

1 . In one of his estates (or estates). 2. There lived a master (let’s get rid of the repetition of the estate, landowner). 3. “One landowner” is one extra. 4. These words, what’s his name, well, are weeds. 5 . The surname Troyekurov has synonyms: Kirila Petrovich, he, this gentleman. 6. Healthy rich - colloquialism. I must say: very rich. 7. The first union is not in place. Throw out the 2nd he. 8. Tyrant - a characteristic of a landowner. Did you fix it?

“In one... this, what’s his name... well... estate lived one landowner Troekurov. Troekurov was very rich, and he didn’t listen to anyone, he did everything the way he wanted, and everyone was afraid of him...” “The landowner Troekurov lived on one of his estates. He was a rich tyrant, whom everyone was afraid of.” Let's compare

Who is an editor? The editor corrects and improves the style of the text of a book or article. (Edit - check and correct the text.) 1. A vegetable base that amazes with its splendor has been erected. 2. My sister and I greeted my grandmother with thunderous applause. 3. The entire public of the class was outraged by Kostya’s behavior. Be an editor!

1. A large vegetable base has been built. 2. My sister and I joyfully met our grandmother. 3. The class was outraged by Kostya’s behavior. Good job!

Repetition of the same words in short sections of text, choice of an inaccurate word from two or more similar ones, carelessness in constructing a statement - all this is usually classified as stylistic errors. Remember!

1. We were amazed at his amazing memory. 2. He overtook his closest rival, but he failed to overtake the others. 3. First the forester appeared, and soon all our guys appeared. Be an editor!

1. We were amazed at his amazing memory. (More options?) 2. He overtook his closest rival, but he failed to get ahead of the others. 3. First the forester appeared, and soon all our guys appeared. Well done!

The danger that stylistic errors pose is poverty and inexpressiveness of speech. But they can also lead to ambiguity, ambiguity, or simply distort the meaning of what is said or written: Vitriol grows green in the distance (instead of cypress trees). Carefully! Danger!..

From the poem “The Story of a School Bag” (Yu. Timyansky). “Kolidor”, “dealer”, “shop”, “glasses”, “cuts beets”, “bakes pancakes”, “portfolio”. Is my tongue my friend?

Which is correct? Why does this Pete say that? From ignorance of the rules literary language or as a result of a careless attitude to the word? Fix it!

Physical education lesson “Right - Wrong” Vanka-Vstanka

the corridor is burring ringing and luggage (not boxes!) hang up the light more beautifully, bakes, cuts the means to copy plywood, overcoat Speak correctly !

The danger that threatens the language is the distortion of words as a result of ignorance, incorrect use, incorrect stress and pronunciation. Words mutilated in this way clog the language. The most important requirement of stylistics is correctness, precision and clarity, i.e. complete correspondence of words to the concepts that you must express. Mangled words

Laconism (brevity, conciseness of speech) “Brevity is the sister of talent.” (A. Chekhov) Pleonasm (extra words) Ice icebergs appeared on the horizon. This is interesting!

Find the extra words. 1. Mumu became very attached to Gerasim. 2. The caravan moved along sand dunes. 3.We resumed correspondence with them again. 4. I didn’t have time to finish this work. 5.My autobiography fits on the page. 6. The horsemen were already approaching closer to the village. 7. There are many hot geysers in Kamchatka. Fedot, but not that one

1. Strong 2. Sandy 3. Again 4. Until the end 5. Mine 6. Closer 7. Hot Extra Fedot

Individual work Be an editor!

For homework 1. Approaching the house, a heavy downpour overtook us. 2. At the zoo we saw various birds, monkeys, squirrels, lions and other predators happily flying from branch to branch. 3. The fishermen returned home with a rich catch. They caught seven perch, five crucian carp, four roach, a small puppy and many other smaller fish. Half a minute for a joke

How will stylistics help? What is the role of stylistics? Has this science helped you? Are we speaking correctly? What is the moral role of stylistics? The end is the crown of the matter

Take care of our language!

What does it mean to “take care” of the language? From whom or from what? Does language have enemies and is it in danger?

I.S. Turgenev: “Take care of our language, our beautiful Russian language, this treasure, this heritage passed on to us by our predecessors...” Writers about the Russian language

Take care of him! don't spoil it! don't distort it! do not litter with rude words and cliches! our language is a great treasure of the people! Russian language is a living organism

Selections from the book “Song of the Soul” (poems by students of the Nevelsk school) Dedicated to...

“Take care of your native speech...” “Don’t forget about me! About correct, good speech...” “My Russia is the best! And the language in it is the most native!..” A. Spiridonova “We love the Russian language, We will preserve it forever!..” “Russia, the Russian word! How familiar this is to us!” A. Matveeva

“We will preserve, save and cherish you, Our dear Russian speech!..” I. Sandrigailo “Russian speech is our wealth! How many beautiful Russian words there are!..” “Oh Russian speech, we are worthy of you! Let’s save our speech from any fire!” O. Drozdova “Is it possible not to love your native language!..” L. Goncharova

“The Russian language is spoken everywhere, even in the most distant country! He is famous throughout Russia. He is our father, and the Earth is our home! We live on Earth, We speak Russian, We will forever preserve our Russian language! We will never forget him, He will help us everywhere and always!” A. Matveeva

D.S. Likhachev: “... Our language is the most important part of our general behavior in life. And by the way a person speaks, we can immediately and easily judge who we are dealing with... You need to learn good intelligent speech for a long time and carefully - listening, remembering, noticing, reading and studying. But even though it’s difficult, it’s necessary, necessary.” "Letters about the good and the beautiful"

We need Stylistics! And it is important for us! Stylistics will teach everyone, It will teach you correct speech! L. Semenenko We need Stylistics!

Description of the presentation by individual slides:

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Speech situation - who are we talking to? – with one person (1 -1) - with many people (1 – many) - where? – in an informal setting (n/o) - in an official setting (o/o) for what purpose? – communication - message - impact - image

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Conversational style For what purpose are we speaking? – communication, exchange of thoughts, expression of feelings, transmission of information. In what setting? - informal, relaxed. Speech genres – friendly conversation, conversation, notes, private letters. Language means – colloquial and colloquial vocabulary. Stylistic features of speech are emotionality, imagery, concreteness, simplicity.

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Scientific style For what purpose? – reporting information, explaining facts. In what setting? - official. Speech genres – article, report, abstract, dissertation, etc. Linguistic means - terms of science, professional words. Style features - logic, objectivity, accuracy, abstraction, generalization.

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Official - business style For what purpose? – message, information. In what setting? – official (legislation, office work, legal activity). Speech genres - laws, orders, decrees, resolutions, protocols, certificates, business papers: announcement, statement, characterization, etc. Language means - clericalism, standard stable figures of speech. Style features are precision, not allowing for any other interpretation.

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Journalistic style For what purpose? – message and impact. In what setting? – in the official, through the media (newspapers, magazines, radio, television), at rallies, meetings. Speech genres - article, essay, report, feuilleton, interview, oratorical speech. Linguistic means – socio-political vocabulary. Style features – logic, imagery, emotionality, evaluativeness, appeal.

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Artistic style For what purpose? – image and impact. Speech genres - novel, story, story, poem, fable, poem, drama, comedy, tragedy. Linguistic means are the entire wealth of vocabulary. Style features - imagery, emotionality, concreteness, all the possibilities of other styles.

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From a conversation before the district OVIR. The typical situation is communication, dialogue, short and incomplete sentences, inversion, vernacular, appeal, imagery - metaphor - “the tour is on fire”, expressiveness (exclamatory intonation, intensifying particle “yes”. 1. “- My tour is on fire, take the documents! - I can’t, honey, I’m no longer the boss - I’m unemployed. - Who came up with that?”

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Newspaper " TVNZ", May 17, 2004. 2. A meeting of G8 foreign ministers took place in Washington. Traditionally, it precedes the summit, which this time will be held on Sea Island off the coast of Georgia. The foreign ministers were called to the White House, where Sergei Lavrov was imprisoned right hand from Bush. However, these were more like protocol gatherings. The main topics on the agenda of the June summit, at which Putin will meet with the leaders of the other seven leading countries of the world, were discussed by the ministers in their own circle.

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From the Dictionary of the Russian Language edited by A.P. Evgenieva Logic, accuracy, consistency of presentation, emphasized by repetition, demonstrative words; syntactic parallelism (“These restrictions.”); complex sentence structure (participial phrases, subordinate clauses, homogeneous members, introductory words); special vocabulary, terms. The text is emotionally neutral. 3. Stylistic notes in the Dictionary serve to characterize that part of the vocabulary of the modern literary language that is limited in its use. These restrictions have a different nature and different reasons: a) restrictions due to the word belonging to those layers of vocabulary that are outside the boundaries of the literary language or stand on its border (regional, colloquial words); b) restrictions due to the highly specialized nature of the terms of science, technology, craft, art, etc.

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The purpose of the lesson:

Formation of linguistic and communicative competence; improving coherent speech skills; nurturing love and respect for the Russian language.

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Orthoepic dictation.

Cement, parterre, convocation, pamper, beets, quarter, hyphen, blinds, expert, immediately, on time, catalogue, leisure, scoop, kitchen, before dark, put, understood, watered, arrived, received, started, calling, calling, will get through, let's turn on, understanding, understanding, pouring, more beautiful, scarves.

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A1. Which word has stress on the first syllable?

1) litter 2) borrowed Z) wholesale 4) importance 1) quarter 2) steal 3) scoop 4) call 1) stroke 2) drought Z) alcohol 4) created 1) call 2) wholesale Z) (kind) well done 4) cement 1)scoop 2)stroke 3)ring 4)quarter

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A1. Which word has stress on the second syllable?

1) cakes 2) departed Z) importance 4) wholesale 1) click 2) was Z) poured 4) glue 1) tarred 2) obliquely Z) for a long time 4) arrived 1) immediately 2) leisure Z) on time 4) poured 1) bent 2) started 3) sideways 4) arrived

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Classification of functional styles

1) scientific style is the language of science. Its significance is to give an accurate and clear idea of ​​scientific concepts. Its peculiarity is its terminological vocabulary.

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2) Conversational style

It is distinguished by its large semantic capacity and colorfulness, giving liveliness and expressiveness to speech. It is based on spoken language. The main function is communication.

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3) Formal – business style.

Official correspondence, government acts, speeches. Vocabulary is used that reflects official business relations (plenum, session, decision, decree, resolution).

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4) Journalistic style.

Performs the function of influence. Implemented in the media. This is the language of newspapers, radio, television. Words with socio-political meaning are typical.

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5)Artistic style.

Fiction style. I is an instrument of artistic creativity and combines the linguistic means of all other styles of speech.

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Determine your speaking style. To the director of school No. 937 of the North-Eastern District of Moscow E. D. Deeva, student of class 11 “A” Afanasyev N., living at the address: Moscow, st. Lipovaya, house 11, building 3, apt. 46 application. I ask you to excuse me from classes on February 10 due to my participation in city athletics competitions. February 8, 2008. Afanasiev. A) official business; B) artistic; B) journalistic; D) scientific.

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Determine your speaking style. Gogol is dead! What Russian soul would not be shocked by these two words?.. Yes, he died, this man whom we now have the right, the bitter right given to us by death, to call great. A man who, with his name, signified an era in the history of our literature; a man whom we are proud of as one of our glories! He died, struck down in the prime of his life, at the height of his strength, without finishing the work he began, like the noblest of his predecessors. A) conversational; B) artistic; B) journalistic; D) scientific.

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3. Determine your speaking style. The spelling reform of 1918 brought writing closer to living speech (i.e., it abolished a whole series of traditional, rather than phonemic, spellings). The approach of spelling to living speech usually causes a movement in the other direction: the desire to bring pronunciation closer to spelling. However, the influence of writing was controlled by the development of internal phonetic tendencies. Only those spelling features had a strong influence on literary pronunciation that helped develop the Russian phonetic system according to the law of I. A. Baudouin de Courtenay or contributed to the elimination of phraseological units in this system. At the same time, it must be emphasized that, firstly, these features were known at the end of the 19th century and that, secondly, they cannot now be considered completely victorious in modern Russian literary pronunciation. Old literary norms compete with them. A) conversational; B) artistic; B) journalistic; D) scientific.

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4. Determine your speaking style. The origin of this style dates back to XVI century, in Russia it is associated with the pamphlets of Ivan Peresvetov, the correspondence of Tsar Ivan IV with Prince Kurbsky. It received further development in the 18th century in the works of N. I. Novikov, A. P. Sumarokov, D. I. Fonvizin. The style was finally formed in Russia in the 19th century; V. G. Belinsky, A. I. Herzen, N. G. Chernyshevsky, N. A. Dobrolyubov played a significant role in this. A) conversational; B) artistic; B) journalistic; D) scientific.

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Homework

Page 383, paragraph 112. Exercise 519, lesson notes.

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