Trichomonas prevention. Symptoms of trichomoniasis in women and men, treatment of the disease. Where does Trichomonas live in the body?

Urogenital trichomoniasis, or trichomoniasis, is caused by Trichomonas vaginalis (Trichomonas vaginalis). In most cases, the pathogen enters a person sexually, especially through casual sexual contact. There are known cases of infection through personal belongings that have already been used by a previously infected person.

Trichomonas is a microorganism belonging to the type of Protozoa, capable of all the main life types of organization: movement, reproduction, metabolism, nutrition, etc. The shape of a microbe resembles a pear in its appearance, but is constantly changing due to movement and the encounter of obstacles. The usual size of Trichomonas vaginalis is up to 20 microns, sometimes individuals up to 35 microns come across.

Note:larger forms are characteristic of the chronic stage of the disease.

The causative agent of the disease feeds by phagocytosis. Reproduction proceeds by longitudinal or multiple division. Trichomonas is able to move into an immobile stage, resistant to adverse environmental conditions, since the active form is very sensitive to changes in temperature parameters of habitat. Sunlight is also detrimental to the microbe.

The chemical composition of the medium (acidic, neutral, slightly alkaline) is well tolerated by the pathogen.

Trichomonas vaginalis lives in the human genitourinary system. When penetrating, it does not always cause clinical manifestations of the disease, since immunity successfully resists it. In this case, we are dealing with Trichomonas carriers.

Inflammation of the urethra - trichomoniasis, occurs with increased activity (virulence) and weakening of the body. The latter include hypothermia, severe illness, malnutrition.

Note:in an isolated form, trichomoniasis is not so common. Usually several infections are combined at the same time (,).

Where does Trichomonas live in the body?

The clinical picture of trichomoniasis lesions is nonspecific. Manifestations of urethritis are the same for different types of pathogen (gonococcus, chlamydia, Trichomonas).

Immunity to trichomoniasis does not develop.

The incubation period (from infection to manifestations) lasts an average of 10 days, sometimes up to a month.

Symptoms of trichomoniasis in men

The patient complains of symptoms of urethritis:

• pain during urination;
• increased urge to urinate;
• the appearance of secretions (mucous, watery, foamy, purulent) from the urethra;

The trichomoniasis process can spread to:

• the prostate gland;
• seminal vesicles;
• epididymis;
• bulbourethral glands;
• paraurethral ducts;
• foreskin glands;
• bladder;
• renal pelvis;
• skin of the head of the penis (balanoposthitis);
• foreskin.

The most common complications of trichomoniasis are inflammation of the prostate gland (prostatitis) and inflammation of the epididymis (epididymitis).

With the development of trichomoniasis in women, characteristic complaints appear:

Often along the way there are genital warts.

The pathological process develops in:

• urethra;
• cervix;
• glands of the vestibule of the vagina;
• uterine cavity;
• fallopian tubes.

In the glands of the vestibule of the vagina, the excretory ducts overlap due to edema, and a “false” abscess is formed.

If the disease affects the cervix (), then swelling of the cervix occurs, accompanied by copious discharge. Erosion often occurs.

Note: the chronic variant of the disease is asymptomatic, or with a "blurred" picture.

Methods for determining the disease, laboratory diagnostics

The diagnosis of trichomoniasis is made on the basis of a comprehensive examination of the patient, including:

• collection of patient complaints;
• inspection data;
• laboratory diagnostics.

Trichomoniasis does not give any specific manifestations. The symptoms are the same for most. Therefore, in the diagnosis of primary importance are the data of laboratory studies.

Laboratory diagnosis of trichomoniasis

Native preparations are being studied to determine live Trichomonas. A drop of human excreta is placed on a microscope slide with two drops of saline. A cover slip is placed on the mixture and analyzed under a microscope.

Detection of Trichomonas should be carried out as soon as possible after sampling, to prevent exposure to high or low temperatures, drying, as under these conditions, microorganisms quickly die.

Important:a specific feature of Trichomonas is their movement. At the same time, one can observe rocking, jerky jerks,

If the patient does not have pathogens in the analysis, but with severe clinical symptoms, an additional variant of microscopy is performed: the first stream of urine is subjected to centrifugation, and after the appearance of threads, flakes, crumbs in it, these elements are selected with a pipette. In them, it is often possible to detect and identify the pathogen.

It is necessary to observe the temperature regime of the study:

• keep the test tube with the material in a glass of warm water;
• use a warm glass slide.

The detection of pathogenic Trichomonas is facilitated by the use of staining methods for biomaterials.

In cases of asymptomatic course, a culture method can be used.

It is necessary to be treated both in the case of existing complaints and without them, but when a pathogen is detected, since an asymptomatic carrier can be a source of infection.

Prophylactic therapy for carriers is also necessary to avoid disease recurrence in asymptomatic treated patients.

Antibiotics and sulfa drugs used to treat most urogenital infections are ineffective against trichomoniasis.

In therapy, Metronidazole (Flagyl, Trichopolum) is used. Developed schemes for taking the drug depending on the form of the disease.

Note:in 90-98% of cases, it is possible to achieve recovery after a course of treatment for trichomoniasis.

To alleviate inflammatory processes, a local effect is applied by washing the urethra with solutions of silver nitrate, mercury oxycyanide, ethacridine. Then Osarsol with Boric acid and Glucose is introduced into the canal.

Effectively manifests itself Hexamethylenetetramine, Levomycetin with Boric acid. These formulations are injected into the urethra and into the vagina.

Treatment of trichomoniasis is supplemented by the use of Tinidazoda, Nitasol.

The criterion of cure is considered to be negative laboratory tests with repeated repetitions within 2 months.

Physiotherapeutic procedures can be applied until the discomfort disappears completely.

It is important to remember that trichomoniasis is sexually transmitted, so the best way to protect against infection is to keep the relationship clean. Casual, promiscuous sex never ends well for health.

To date, trichomoniasis occupies a leading position in the world of all sexually transmitted diseases. Trichomoniasis (trichomoniasis) is an inflammatory urogenital infection. The disease is very serious, capable of developing into severe complications without timely and adequate treatment.

According to statistics, in most cases trichomoniasis is diagnosed in women of reproductive age. In particular, because in the female body trichomoniasis causes pronounced symptoms. It also leaves its mark on the number of diagnostic signs of trichomoniasis in women and the fact that the check is carried out at each visit to the gynecologist. Careless attitude to the disease, non-compliance with the prescribed treatment or complete neglect of it leads to a rapid transition of trichomoniasis into a chronic form.

Ways of infection with trichomoniasis

Trichomoniasis is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases. The causative agent is a single-celled microbe that lives in an airless environment. There are 170 million more people infected with Trichomonas every year in the world.

The main route of transmission of Trichomonas is sexual contact. It will become infected by household means, or in some other way, it is almost impossible, since Trichomonas quickly die in the air. In order for them to retain their viability, they need a humid environment, a comfortable temperature and the absence of direct sunlight.

Rare cases of trichomoniasis infection have been recorded when wearing someone else's underwear and visiting public toilets. But they are so rare that they are not worth attention. An ideal habitat for Trichomonas with a pH of 5.5 - 5.6.

Factors contributing to human infection and disease development

The most likely infection with Trichomonas in the following cases:

• Days of menstrual bleeding and the first days after its end. At this time, the acidity of the vaginal microflora changes in women, which allows Trichomonas to quickly and comfortably settle down there.
• Childbirth and. In the process, natural protection is violated, since the cervix expands significantly.
• Orgasm during intercourse. The nature of orgasm is such that Trichomonas are absorbed by the uterus itself.

According to the characteristics of the course, duration and severity of symptoms of trichomoniasis, three forms of the course are distinguished:

• Fresh (initial) trichomoniasis. During the first two months from the moment of infection, the disease goes through acute, subacute and sluggish (torpid) stages. Symptoms of the disease appear on the 5-7th day after infection, but may also not appear at all. After a 2-month period, in the absence of proper treatment, all symptoms subside on their own, but this is not a cure. The disease moves to a new, more dangerous stage of the course.
• Chronic trichomoniasis. Developing in the body for more than 2 months, trichomoniasis becomes chronic, which can occur for a long time. Outbreaks during this period of symptoms are followed by long periods of remission.
• Carrying. The asymptomatic course of the disease, in which the patient remains contagious to others. Infection with trichomoniasis from a carrier can develop both as a carrier state and as the primary phase of the disease.

Trichomoniasis "does not like" loneliness and as a separate disease occurs very rarely, in only 10% of cases. In the vast majority, Trichomonas collect a group of diseases such as:

• gonorrhea,
• ureaplasmosis.

Diagnosis of trichomoniasis

To make an accurate diagnosis and determine the type of pathogen, the doctor is helped by such types of tests as:

• examination of a native unstained smear;
• microscopic examination of a stained smear - according to Gram, the Romanovsky-Giemsa method and methylene blue.
• sowing on nutrient media;
• RIFA.

• Abundant whitish discharge from the vagina.
• The nature of the discharge can vary in color from light yellow to greenish. Sometimes there are foamy discharge with a pungent odor (see).
• Possible (dyspareunia).
• Discomfort, expressed in pain,. This is accompanied by frequent urges to urinate, mostly false (see).
• Women experience redness and swelling of the tissues of the vulva, while they complain about.
• The appearance is also possible.

During a gynecological examination, a doctor notes a strong reddening of the mucous membrane, which is covered with a large amount of foam. The surface of the cervix is ​​so sensitive that it bleeds at the slightest touch. Contact with whites on the perineum and inner thighs causes irritation of the skin, on which sores appear.

Be sure to refrain from sexual activity for the entire period of treatment until satisfactory results are obtained. As well as avoiding alcohol and spicy foods.

The course of therapy and the choice of drugs is carried out only by a doctor. Self-appointment of treatment based on information from the Internet can lead to sad consequences. How to treat trichomoniasis the doctor decides individually, based on the patient's condition, the characteristics of the course of the disease and concomitant diseases.

In the fight against Trichomonas effective drugs such as:

• Metronidazole and derivatives (Ornidazole, Trichopolum, Tinidazole, Flagyl, Ternidazole).
• Antitrichomonas oral preparations are effective when used in combination with local ones, for example, Metrogyl-gel. Candles Terzhinan, Betadine or Klion-D are also prescribed intravaginally once a day for 7-10 days
• If it is impossible to use oral medications, Osarcid or Oosarbon are prescribed in the form of suppositories. They include osarsol, which adversely affects the enzyme system of Trichomonas, and streptocide, an effective antimicrobial drug.

When diagnosing a chronic form, immunomodulators, adaptogens and vitamins are included in the therapy regimen. At the end of treatment, it is necessary to take tests three times with an interval of 1 month after each menstruation.

Prevention of trichomoniasis

The main measure for the prevention of trichomoniasis is the rejection of promiscuity and the presence of only one sexual partner, in which there is complete confidence. Also, preventive measures include the following:

• Compulsory use of condoms during sexual intercourse.
• Strict adherence to personal hygiene standards. Under no circumstances should you use someone else's linen, and in baths or public toilets sits on untreated surfaces without protection.
• Regular testing and examination by a gynecologist every six months.

In case of accidental sexual intercourse without the use of a condom, Miramistin or Betadine can be used to treat the vaginal cavity and external genitalia. If the treatment is performed no later than 2 hours after sexual intercourse, the risk of infection will be reduced by 70%.

A solution of Miramistin, in a volume of 5 ml, is introduced into the vagina using a medical syringe. Betadine is used in the same volume. In addition, a weak solution of potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate) helps. The dry matter must be thoroughly mixed and filtered through a layer of gauze to avoid burns.

It is better to disinfect the external genital organs with any antiseptics, for example, such as Chlorgesidin or Miramistin.

All these measures are not a guaranteed way of protection, so they should be used only in the most extreme cases. It is advisable to pass the appropriate tests 1.5-2 weeks after the accidental connection.

FAQ

After a person has been ill with trichomoniasis, is immunity developed against this infection?

No, the human immune system does not develop permanent immunity to Trichomonas. And infection can occur repeatedly, even during treatment if the ban on sexual intercourse is not observed.

After taking smears, it turned out that I have trichomonas, but my partner does not have them, and there are no symptoms of the disease. Does he need to undergo treatment?

Necessarily. The absence of Trichomonas in a smear and signs of trichomoniasis does not guarantee that there is no infection. Both partners should be treated.

How to use vaginal suppositories during menstruation?

At the time of menstruation, it is better to interrupt the treatment or not start the course until it ends. Be sure to administer vaginal suppositories simultaneously with oral medications.

Why is it forbidden to drink alcohol for the entire period of treatment?

The main means of treating trichomoniasis are antitrichomoniasis drugs. All of them have an antabuse action (a substance used in coding). Taking alcohol together with these drugs will cause a sharp deterioration in the general condition, severe nausea and vomiting, loss of consciousness and impaired liver function are possible.

Is it possible to treat trichomoniasis during pregnancy or is it necessary to terminate it?

There is no need to terminate a pregnancy. A sufficient number of effective methods for the treatment of trichomoniasis at various times have been developed that will not harm the growth and development of the fetus. It is imperative to get rid of Trichomonas at any time in life.

Among sexually transmitted diseases, trichomoniasis is the most insidious. Symptoms of infection do not appear immediately and make themselves felt when pathogenic microorganisms have entered the active phase of development. The only way not to become a victim of trichomoniasis is the correct prevention of the disease, that is, a lifestyle in which neither infection nor the development of pathology become possible.

What do you need to know about infection?

Such a complex disease as trichomoniasis develops as a result of infection with Trichomonas - the simplest unicellular organism. Despite the apparent primitiveness, this infectious agent has learned to adapt not only to the conditions of life inside the genital organs, but also to the effects of drugs. Therefore, not only to provide effective treatment, but also to immediately make an accurate diagnosis is not always possible even for experienced physicians.

Infection with Trichomonas in most cases occurs during unprotected intercourse. The pathogen lives on the mucous membrane of the organs of the genitourinary system and enters the body of another person only through direct contact with the epithelium of his genital organs.

With unprotected intercourse, infection occurs in 90% of cases.

Theoretically, it is possible that you can become infected by using objects and things that contain infectious microorganisms. Trichomonas cells can be found on wet linen, towels, washcloths, toilet seats, and even on the walls of showers and pools.

However, household infection is extremely rare, since the microorganism is not able to maintain vital functions outside the human body. In the external environment and in the presence of an optimal level of humidity, Trichomonas remain viable for 5 hours. Whereas in conditions of heat and dryness they die instantly.

The effects of infection do not appear immediately. In some cases, a month or more may pass from the moment of infection until the first symptoms of trichomoniasis appear. Especially often asymptomatic carriage of the infection is observed in men.

The insidious microorganism proceeds to active development only in the presence of favorable conditions - a change in the level of acidity of the mucosa, a weakening of immunity. In women, the pathology enters the stage of development with the onset of pregnancy or menopause.

The risk level of trichomoniasis is equally high for men and women, and for the fetus during pregnancy. In adults, as a result of infection, multiple inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary system develop, and the risk of other infections, including HIV and hepatitis, increases. For the fetus, Trichomonas damage can result in miscarriage and birth with developmental pathologies.

Therefore, the prevention of trichomoniasis is extremely important for maintaining human health.

be careful

Among women: pain and inflammation of the ovaries. Fibroma, myoma, fibrocystic mastopathy, inflammation of the adrenal glands, bladder and kidneys develop.

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Types of preventive measures

Prevention of infectious diseases is a complex of therapeutic measures aimed at preventing their development, as well as eliminating factors that provoke the occurrence of pathologies.

Be sure to use contraceptive methods and do not be promiscuous!

You can prevent infection with Trichomonas by taking care of such prevention methods as correction of sexual relations, nutrition, and lifestyle.

Prevention of trichomoniasis should begin with a change in attitude towards sexual life:

• Under any circumstances, it is necessary to observe the rules of personal hygiene.
• Promiscuous sexual relations in most cases lead to infection with sexually transmitted diseases. Sex with a trusted partner minimizes the risk of infection.
• If you are unsure about your sexual partner, it is best to protect yourself by using a condom.
• With increased sexual activity, it is worth periodically visiting a venereologist or gynecologist, even if you are confident in your partner.
• It must be remembered that pathologies of the genitourinary system can return. If there is a history of urinary tract infections, it makes sense to periodically undergo an examination.

If the diagnosis of trichomoniasis confirmed the presence of infection, both partners must undergo a full course of treatment.

Self-treatment or replacement of some drugs with others is unacceptable. Both the types of medicines and the scheme for taking them are determined by the attending physician, based on data on the course of the disease and the patient's state of health.

Attempts to cope with the malaise on their own often lead to the transition of microorganisms to another form of development, in which the disease is asymptomatic. A late visit to the doctor is fraught with the development of a chronic disease. In both cases, treatment is complicated and may be delayed.

Pathogen Development Prevention

With trichomoniasis, there may be no symptoms, but the absence of visible signs of the disease does not exclude the possibility of infecting another person. The intensity of the manifestations of the infection depends on the potential of the body's defenses - a strong immune system is able to successfully resist pathogenic microorganisms, preventing them from developing and multiplying.

This means that you can stop the infection even after infection, if you take care of strengthening the body. In addition, it is much easier to completely eliminate the pathogen if the disease did not have time to go into an active form and did not lead to complications.

Drug therapy can partially cope with Trichomonas, but in order to get rid of pathogens completely, it is necessary to strengthen the protective functions of the immune system, pay attention to nutrition and lifestyle.

In the process of development and reproduction, Trichomonas release a large amount of waste products into the human body. Including, "bad" cholesterol, which is deposited on the walls of blood vessels, clogging the lumen, and lactic acid, which contributes to the appearance of muscle weakness.

As a result of the activity of microorganisms, the hormonal background changes, tissue and microflora are destroyed, vitamin deficiency appears.

A balanced diet will help remove harmful toxins from the body and restore health.

Lifestyle as a means of preventing infection

Everyone knows that a healthy lifestyle implies a good diet, physical activity and the absence of bad habits. These are the three pillars on which a strong immune system rests.

One of the ways to prevent illness is a healthy diet!

Changes in the diet include the use of the following foods:

• All types of fermented milk products are necessary to restore the affected microflora of the genital organs. Bifidobacteria and lactobacilli, which are found in whey, yogurt, kefir, sour cream and ryazhenka, not only populate the epithelium with friendly microorganisms, but also contribute to the improvement of the body as a whole.
• It is important that the daily diet includes a variety of foods rich in valuable trace elements and vitamins. Such products include hard cheeses, nuts, sea fish and shrimp, liver, poultry meat.
• All kinds of vegetables and fruits must be present on the table every day - legumes, broccoli, spinach, seaweed, currants, oranges, dried fruits.
• Cereals are a source of minerals necessary to restore hormonal levels. Especially useful is the use of buckwheat, oats, peas.

Along with this, meat, any fatty foods, factory-made ketchups and mayonnaises, smoked meats, flour and fast food should be excluded from the diet, limit the intake of sweets, refuse carbonated water and alcohol - these are the products that provoke the intensive reproduction of Trichomonas and other pathogenic microorganisms.

Proper preventive measures are the key to restoring health and life without infections and diseases.

It is believed that trichomoniasis is one of the most common diseases of the genitourinary system, as well as diseases that are sexually transmitted.

The disease is dangerous with complications that can provoke infertility, pathologies of fetal formation during pregnancy, and in men - prostatitis.

In fact, 90% of the population are carriers of Trichomonas, but in most people it does not manifest itself in any way.

• with weakened immunity;
• in the event of inflammatory processes;
• during prolonged menstruation.

Trichomoniasis is dangerous, first of all, infertility, pathologies of pregnancy. In the course of the experiments, it was noticed that Trichomonas significantly reduces the viability and mobility of spermatozoa.

Outside the human body, the causative agent of Trichomonas infection cannot live, therefore, infection is possible only through sexual contact. If acute trichomoniasis is not completely cured, it becomes chronic, and can manifest itself after a few years.

The incubation period in men is not pronounced, once in the female body, the causative agent of the disease does not at first betray its presence with clinical symptoms. The latent stage of trichomoniasis is called incubation.

Studies conducted during this period for the presence of the pathogen often do not give positive results, their presence is detected later.

The duration of the incubation period of trichomoniasis can be different, it lasts from 2 to 20 days (less often up to 60 days). The disease begins to progress faster in women in cases where:

• there are inflammatory, infectious and viral diseases, against the background of which the protective properties of the body are reduced and its immune defense is weakened;
• a large amount of the causative agent of trichomoniasis has entered the female genital tract.

There are reasons on which the long latent period of trichomaniosis depends:

• if a patient infected with trichomoniasis takes antibacterial drugs to treat existing diseases;
• conditions of the vaginal microflora - the predominance of lactic acid bacteria contribute to an increase in the period of incubation of trichomoniasis.

Venereologists insist that a woman should come to them at the first suspicion of trichomoniasis - uncertainty about the health of her partner, the appearance of itching and burning during urination, the presence of purulent or yellowish vaginal discharge, and an unpleasant odor.

Trichomoniasis often affects women from the age of 18. It cannot be said that men are not infected with this pathology, they just do not always have symptoms. The disease is inherent in those persons who resort to promiscuous sexual intercourse, suffer from venereal diseases.

In women, the infection gets:

• during menstruation or after them;
• during childbirth or disposal of the fetus;
• absorbed into the uterus during orgasm.

You can get trichomoniasis by touching your partner's genitals with your hands. The route of transmission often comes from men, since they may not be aware of the presence of the infection, since they do not notice any signs of it. The cause of infection is genital contact. Also, a genital infection can get from medical instruments.

Trichomoniasis is transmitted along with semen, blood, the secret of the female genital organ. A baby can become infected with a pathology when it moves from the womb through the birth canal. Girls are at risk of having such a problem.

In order not to be treated, and often unsuccessfully, from infertility, you should know how you can infect with trichomoniasis. The infection can be transmitted by household means - from someone else's towel, through a bed, a washcloth. Infection is possible from linen that the partner wore.

Single-celled creatures can settle on the walls of a bath or pool, cling to the toilet lid. This route of transmission is also not excluded.

Once in the natural environment, Trichomonas will not die for another couple of hours if the temperature is not higher than 40 degrees. Once in the body, the pathogens do not manifest themselves for 4 days, sometimes the signs are invisible for a whole month.

Vaginal protozoa enter the urogenitals, attach to the integumentary cells. At unfavorable pH values, they take the form of an amoeba and freeze. Because of this, the diagnosis of trichomoniasis is complicated, and the pathology becomes chronic. Its carriers are the male sex, because he does not feel the signs of the disease. Very rarely, infection can be transmitted by the anal route.

Trichomoniasis, like gonorrhea, is almost impossible to recognize on its own, except for frequent discharge from the genitals. A transparent, large drop is the only symptom inherent in everyone with trichomoniasis.

Not direct signs of trichomoniasis:

• pain when passing urine (as in gonorrhea);
• severe periodic burning;
• pain in the lower back of the body.

In the acute phase of trichomoniasis, the symptoms begin to appear quite pronounced in the form of:

• temperature rise;
• increase in ESR;
• development of leukocytosis.

A few months later, as the sexual infection occurs, due to contact with the patient's objects, the pathology can become chronic. Its signs are no longer so bright, other sexual infections are often found.

At this phase of development, trichomoniasis may be latent, show no signs. In secretions, scrapings obtained from the urethra or vagina, they find protozoa that cause trichomoniasis. Ways of infection start from here. If you do not resort to the treatment of pathology at this stage, you can expect an exacerbation.

The severity of symptoms is affected by:

• the state of the cells that form the membrane of the urethra;
• microflora;
• acidity in the vagina.

The incubation period after infection with trichomoniasis can last from 2 days to 2 months, and if trichomoniasis is not pronounced, the first signs may appear after a few months, in case of reduced immunity or in combination with other sexually transmitted diseases.

Trichomoniasis in different patients occurs in an acute, chronic or latent form in the form of Trichomonas carriers. The asymptomatic form of the disease is the main cause of the spread of trichomoniasis.

In men, the asymptomatic course of trichomoniasis prevails, in which clinical signs are not expressed, but the pathogen is present in the body and can be spread sexually.

Symptoms of trichomoniasis - clinical manifestation:

• itching of the penis;
• discharge from the urethra;
• burning sensation accompanying ejaculation and urination;
• pain during urination;
• sometimes the disease can cause prostatitis.

With inflammation of the prostate, a man whose trichomoniasis has become chronic may experience: fever, temperature, pain in the back, abdomen, pelvis, groin, scrotum, anus, muscles, joints, as well as weakness, headache. In addition, the man suffers from constipation, increased urge to urinate caused by trichomoniasis.

In women, the clinical signs of trichomoniasis are more pronounced, asymptomatic course is rarely diagnosed.

• The first symptoms of the disease are yellow or green discharge, they may contain foam impurities, have an unpleasant odor.
• Itching and burning sensations are expressed, irritation of the mucous membrane of the genitals is noticeable, small ulcers and erosion may occur.
• A common symptom of trichomoniasis can be pain during urination or sexual intercourse.
• Swelling of the groin is noticeable, sometimes the disease spreads to the surrounding tissues in the form of dermatitis of the skin of the thighs.
• pain during sex.
• bloody discharge.

The sexually transmitted disease trichomoniasis is dangerous with the possibility of complications that pose a great danger to pregnant women. Doctors note:

1. Increased risk of amniotic fluid leakage and the possibility of premature birth;
2. Development of infertility;
3. Cervical cancer.

A microscopic organism, trichomonas vaginalis, being the causative agent of an infectious disease of the genitourinary system, has been causing mankind many problems for thousands of years.

1. According to statistics provided by WHO, 1/10 of the world's population are carriers of the chronic form of trichomoniasis, infecting 200 million people annually.
2. Infection occurs in 90% of sexual contact. However, infection of the child from a sick mother during birth is possible.
3. Once in the body, the pathogen affects the squamous epithelium, affecting only the genitourinary system. As a result of its development, urethritis and prostatitis are detected in men, and in women, the pathology captures the vagina and urinary tract.
4. The incubation period and the rate of development of the colony depends on the human immune system and ranges from 2 to 14 days.
5. The destruction process goes through several stages. Before the growth of the colony, the disease is oligosymptomatic. The main complaints are the same in men and women.

The first stage is characterized by:

• itching, burning, discomfort in the urethra;
• purulent mucous discharge from the urethra.

For subsequent development is typical:

• discharge becomes white-yellow, yellow-green;
• the color of the urine is dark, an admixture of blood is possible;
• frequent, ineffectual urge to urinate;
• at the time of urination, sharp cutting pains that do not allow the process to be completed.

• in women, it involves the vestibular, paraurethral glands, cervix;
• in men, the prostate gland is affected, the narrowing of the urethra.

If the development of the pathogen is not stopped within a two-month period, then the disease becomes chronic.

Chronic trichomoniasis

Running, not fully treated trichomoniasis, turning into a chronic form, becomes oligosymptomatic. It is characterized by exacerbations caused by the intake of drinks containing alcohol, hypothermia, colds.

In men, the cause of exacerbation can be sexual overexcitation. For women, symptoms typically increase during menstruation.

1. For the main number of sick men, running trichomoniasis does not cause concern. Patients often do not realize they are carrying the virus until they are tested. For the chronic form in moments of exacerbation, it is characteristic:

• copious purulent discharge from the penis;
• the secreted mucopurulent masses contain blood;
• swelling of the genitals, severe burning, pain at the time of urination;
• periodic tingling in the urination canal, followed by itching.

• frequent urges, burning pain during hygienic processes;
• yellow-green frothy discharge with a pungent smell of spoiled fish from the vagina;
• irritation and swelling of the external genitalia, the appearance of sores;
• painful sensations during intimate contacts;
• uterine bleeding during menstruation.

In the chronic form of trichomoniasis in carriers of the disease, there is:

1. Weakened immune system:

• fast fatiguability;
• frequent colds;
• occurrence of allergic reactions.

• men complain of decreased erection, pain during it;
• women note vaginal dryness, a decrease in interest in intimate relationships.

It is impossible to hope for an independent cure for trichomoniasis, that the chronic form is not dangerous for the body.

It threatens the strong half of humanity with changes in the prostate gland, the formation of cysts in it and cicatricial-dystrophic tissue changes. This can result in impotence, a decrease in the efficiency of the kidneys, and lead to oncological diseases.

For women, running trichomoniasis threatens with miscarriages, an increased likelihood of ectopic pregnancy, infertility, cyst development and cervical erosion.

For a complete and correct treatment, an accurate diagnosis of the disease is necessary.

A sexually transmitted disease caused by trichomonas vaginalis rarely manifests itself in an open, pronounced form. An infected person has a complete absence of symptoms or the similarity of the symptoms manifested with diseases of the genitourinary system.

The doctor, having examined the patient, if there is a suspicion of a virus carrier, draws up a brief history of the disease, directs him to take laboratory tests and more accurate diagnosis.

An accurate diagnosis is made after a series of studies.

Simultaneously with the cultivation of microbes, antibiotics are added to their colonies in order to identify the drug that affects them.

The use of these diagnostic methods one by one will not bring the desired result. To establish an accurate diagnosis requires the simultaneous use of several methods.

Treatment of trichomoniasis

Regardless of the presence or absence of clinical signs of trichomoniasis, both partners are involved in the treatment of the disease.

With the disease, complex treatment of trichomoniasis is used. The patient is prescribed drugs for trichomoniasis with antibacterial effects in the form of tablets, injections or suppositories for trichomoniasis, which are used for general and local therapy.

The full course of therapy is 10-12 days, depending on the severity of the disease. In severe or chronic form, a longer or repeated regimen may be required, as well as additional medications.

According to the scheme, the treatment of trichomodiosis includes following several recommendations prescribed by the doctor, namely:

• abstaining from sexual activity for the entire course of treatment. This is due to the fact that in the presence of a disease, infection of a partner is possible even with the use of protective equipment;
• refraining from taking alcoholic beverages. Tablets prescribed for the treatment of trichomoniasis are not combined with alcohol, which will lead to ineffective therapy;
• personal hygiene, including showering and changing underwear;
• for the proper functioning of the gastrointestinal tract, which is important for the normalization of the vaginal microflora, the doctor may prescribe the use of fermented milk products with bifidobacteria, plus the use of auxiliary medications;
• in order to increase immunity, drugs with immunomodulating and general strengthening effects are prescribed.

In this case, it is important to inform the sexual partner about the problem and convince him to undergo an examination and subsequent treatment regimen, because the disease can proceed in an asymptomatic form.

Trichomoniasis is considered cured if the causative agent of trichomoniasis is absent during the re-examination of smears.

Treatment of the disease is required for any symptomatology. There are no single schemes for the treatment course. The causative agent is completely insensitive to antibiotics.

The main tested drug is Metronidazole. Specialists prescribe its reception according to different schemes, depending on the degree of damage to the patient's body.

1. With advanced form of trichomoniasis:

• several drugs of similar action and antifungal drugs are added to the drug;
• antibiotics are included to destroy side infections that enter the body with Trichomonas;
• vitamin-mineral complex and trace elements necessary to restore the immune system.

Be sure to wash the urethra with the bladder by douching, the introduction of suppositories.

A side effect of both types of treatments are disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, liver and an allergic reaction. After each course, it is necessary to carry out restorative and diet therapy.

Positive results are brought by the use of drugs similar or similar to Metronidazole:

The causative agent of trichomoniasis dies after taking 2 grams of the drug. An incorrectly selected drug will not bring positive results. Trichomonas quickly adapt to the drugs used against them and stop responding to them.

Treatment at home - folk remedies

There are reasons that prevent the patient from contacting specialists for a timely course of therapy.

When deciding on self-treatment, the sick person must understand that it is possible to guarantee a complete cure only by checking the analysis for the presence of microorganisms. A visit to the venereologist's office is necessary.

Traditional medicine can be used on the advice of a specialist to reduce the unpleasant symptoms characteristic of trichomoniasis.

1. To relieve itching and burning, onion gruel compresses are used:

• a medium-sized onion head is scalded with boiling water and the surface layer is removed from it;
• passed through a meat grinder;
• placed in a sterile container.

Apply to the genitals for 2-3 minutes.

• take 1 tbsp. dried pharmacy collection pour warm boiled water;
• put on the stove and bring to a boil;
• remove, let it brew for half an hour;
• strain, cool to a comfortable temperature and use as directed.

The drug must be prepared immediately before use.

• 1 tbsp chamomile, 0.5 tbsp calendula, 1.5 tbsp eucalyptus leaves, 1 tbsp bird cherry flowers put in a thermos;
• pour boiling water over;
• insist for 8 hours;
• strain and use.

Take orally for 1 hour. l 3 r / day. For external use, a swab is impregnated with infusion.

The use of traditional medicine is not the main method of getting rid of the pathogen, and cannot cure.

Venereal diseases are specific diseases. The main percentage of infections occurs due to promiscuity and non-compliance with basic rules of personal hygiene.

To exclude infection, you need to use your own personal hygiene products when visiting baths, saunas, showers and bathrooms. Use your own towels and never wear someone else's underwear.

Trichomoniasis may be asymptomatic. The sexual partner is often unaware of his virus carrier. You can protect yourself from infection only by observing the necessary precautions during intimacy.

Prevention of this disease is typical for all sexually transmitted diseases:

1. Observance of monogamous sexual relations.
2. When contacts with little-known partners, the use of a condom is necessary.
3. Discharge or discomfort that appears around the genital area should be an alarm and a reason to visit a specialized room for testing.
4. Self-medication can make the pathogen insensitive to the drug. All therapeutic measures should be carried out under the supervision of specialists with additional control over the delivery of tests.
5. When treating trichomoniasis, a complete refusal to take alcohol-containing drinks is required.
6. The scheme for taking medicines and undergoing procedures drawn up by a doctor must be strictly observed.
7. The passage of a course of treatment does not guarantee against subsequent infections. Immunity to venereal diseases is not developed. They are not vaccinated.

The main principle of prevention is cleanliness in everything. For the purpose of prevention after intercourse with an unfamiliar partner, it is recommended that the genitals be treated with special antiseptics.

This disease is common among the population of all countries of the world. The disease occurs in both sexes, both at a young and old age, and spreads through unprotected sexual intercourse. Although in medical practice there have been cases of transmission of infection in everyday life.

Trichomoniasis in women

This is a protozoal-bacterial disease, and there may be several reasons contributing to the development of this disease. Initially, mention should be made of the natural and healthy microflora of the vagina.

Trichomonas penetrate the vaginal mucosa and are firmly fixed there. Under such circumstances, a kind of immune response develops - an inflammatory process, which is characterized by: swelling and hyperemia, hemorrhages of the small-point type, an increase in local temperature, and even detachment of the cell layer, which is located superficially.

Trichomoniasis in women is often accompanied by disorders in the functioning of the nervous system. The clinical picture of the disease affects the quality of human life. Mucus from the vagina, an unpleasant odor, discomfort bring only grief, and sexual contact becomes completely painful and does not give pleasure. As a result, with trichomoniasis, a woman may develop frigidity, emotional discomfort worries.

It has been proven that trichomoniasis has a negative impact on the entire course of the gestation period. This type of infection can cause premature abortion and miscarriage. The risks are due to the fact that Trichomonas protozoa provoke inflammatory changes, due to which prostaglandins are released into the blood. These special substances provoke contractions of the uterine muscles, which can lead to premature birth.

Complications during pregnancy

During natural delivery, the infection can spread to the internal genital organs. In addition, it has been proven that the protozoa that cause trichomoniasis can attach to themselves other pathogens that also provoke various pathological processes. That is why doctors highlight high risks of complications if a woman is diagnosed with trichomoniasis during the period of gestation.

It is worth noting the fact that temporary infertility may be the result of trichomoniasis, which occurs in a chronic form. And among the main complications, it is worth noting the termination of pregnancy and the transmission of infection to the child during childbirth.

Trichomoniasis and menopause

The climatic period in women is accompanied by a failure of the hormonal background. There is little estrogen, which thins the walls of the vagina, reduces the function of the mucosa. As a result, local immunity is lost, the normal microflora of the vagina is inhibited, therefore ideal conditions are created for the reproduction and life of pathogens. Symptoms of diseases of the genitourinary system in women over 50 years old can be different: vaginal discharge, itching and burning, pain during intercourse or emptying the bladder, slight bleeding after intimacy.

In the representatives of the stronger sex, trichomoniasis most often progresses precisely in the urethra. The gland is affected infrequently, although there are plenty of cases in medical practice.

If a man has chronic trichomoniasis, then there are high risks of infection spreading, in particular to the prostate gland, which causes its inflammation.

Trichomoniasis in children

In adolescence, when the reproductive system begins to mature, hormones begin to be actively produced. And it's about progesterone and estrogen. An ideal environment for the life of Dederlein sticks appears.

Trichomoniasis in a child who does not have sexual intercourse may develop due to non-compliance with the rules of personal hygiene. For example, if he uses a towel of a sick person.

The clinical picture of the disease concerns the vagina and cervix, or rather its vaginal part. As a complication, endometritis, vestibulitis and other diseases can be further diagnosed. Therefore, in the advanced stage of trichomoniasis, the signs can be varied.

The first symptoms of trichomoniasis

The first symptoms of trichomoniasis may appear spontaneously. With inflammation of the upper layers of the mucosa, itching occurs in the area of ​​the labia and vagina. Hyperemia and scratching appear. There are discharges of pathological fluids, which may have a different shade (white, yellow, gray brown), and an unpleasant odor. Mucus can be secreted sparingly or abundantly, depending on the stage of development of the disease.

If the immune system is fully functioning, then the first symptoms of trichomoniasis in women may not appear for a long time. Most often, doctors talk about a latent form of the disease, in which the signs are insignificant and there is practically no inflammation of the mucosa. But such trichomoniasis in women can be exacerbated by periods. Mostly this fact is observed before the onset of menstruation (at the end of the cycle).

In the fairer sex, Trichomonas invasion has a more vivid clinical picture than in men. There is swelling of the vaginal mucosa and its redness. May be disturbed by constant or periodic discharge of a foamy consistency with a purulent component, an unpleasant odor, itching and burning.

In women, trichomoniasis occurs at different ages, but mostly the problem is diagnosed in those who are promiscuous.

Trichomoniasis: symptoms in men

In representatives of the stronger sex, the disease often occurs with a minimum number of symptoms. If the inflammatory process is localized in the urethra, then the patient may complain of itchy discomfort and soreness. Pathological fluids from the channel in men with trichomoniasis are most often released in minimal quantities, and their consistency is predominantly purulent-mucous.

Sometimes, if the disease proceeds sluggishly and for a long time, the infection can additionally affect the prostate, bladder, seminal vesicles and posterior urethra. Protracted trichomoniasis, which provoked an inflammatory process on the urethral mucosa, can lead to deformities, that is, to scarring (narrowing) of the urethra.

Symptoms of trichomoniasis in men can be total discharge of pus in the urine (pyuria), increased urge to urinate, painful discomfort when emptying the bladder, especially at the end of the process.

If a woman is concerned about the inflammatory process on the mucous membranes of the vulva and vagina, discharge, itching or burning, then the attending gynecologist will prescribe a comprehensive diagnosis without fail. Laboratory tests will help identify the infection that triggered the development of inflammation.

Microscopic laboratory analysis is a good modern diagnostic method. To confirm or refute the presence of Trichomonas, a smear is taken, and in women from three different areas - the cervical canal, urethra and posterior vaginal fornix. In men, semen and prostate fluid are examined for the presence of pathological agents. Scraping from the urethra is also performed.

Often, in the chronic form of the disease, it is difficult to identify Trichomonas, because modern medicine practices the polymerase chain reaction method, when genetic material is determined. And saliva, and blood, and even mucus from the urethra is suitable for research. Efficiency - 100%, moreover, most often the results of the analysis are known within a day.

How to treat trichomoniasis

If trichomoniasis is diagnosed, then only a competent specialist should deal with the treatment of this infection. Any self-treatment or correction of the treatment regimen prescribed by a specialist is unacceptable, because there are high risks of developing complications and worsening the general condition of the patient.

Therapy for trichomoniasis must be necessarily comprehensive, especially since there are important and mandatory rules that must be followed.

• Having a regular sexual partner is important to be treated together to avoid re-infection.
• During therapy, it is best to completely refrain from intimacy, do not drink alcoholic beverages.
• Compliance with hygiene rules is especially important during the treatment period. Recommended washing with the addition of antiseptic solutions, constant (every day) change of linen. Toiletries must be provided, including soap.
• Doctors recommend in the complex to carry out therapy aimed at eliminating concomitant diseases of the genitourinary system.

When treating trichomoniasis, it is important to strictly follow the recommendations of the attending physician. Changing the treatment regimen for trichomoniasis is too risky, because even minor errors can cause complications and side effects.

Medical professionals are often asked how to treat trichomoniasis? But no one can answer this question unambiguously. Only after a comprehensive diagnosis and taking into account the age of a particular patient, the doctor will be able to choose the optimal treatment regimen for trichomoniasis. Also, the specialist will take into account the presence of concomitant diseases in the patient that occur in a chronic form.

As for folk remedies, the treatment of trichomoniasis in men and the fair sex with decoctions and infusions can only be of an auxiliary nature. Such therapy may be prescribed by the treating specialist as an adjunct, for example in the form of antiseptic washings. Among the medicinal plants in this case, we can distinguish:

• chamomile, forest mallow;
• sage, sweet clover, bird mountaineer;
• yarrow, sophora, tansy, calamus;
• leaves of celandine, calendula, bird cherry inflorescences.

Oak bark, sea buckthorn oil, honey and other natural ingredients are used for inflammatory processes in the vagina. But how exactly to treat trichomoniasis with traditional medicine recipes will only be told by the attending physician. Experimenting and following the advice of friends and acquaintances is dangerous for health. It is important to know that a timely visit to the doctor is already half the success, and at the first suspicion of trichomoniasis, you should not hesitate.

Treatment of trichomoniasis in men

Therapy for Trichomonas invasions cannot be unambiguous for everyone. All medicines are selected individually, taking into account numerous factors (age, presence of concomitant diseases).

The attending physician will definitely prescribe a whole range of drugs, but only after a thorough diagnosis of the patient's condition. Nitroimidazole derivatives are recommended for such an infection. Tinidazole, Ornidazole, or Metronidazole may be prescribed.

Therapy for trichomonas invasions in the fair sex is also carried out with medicines of the nitroimidazole group. For local treatment of trichomoniasis in women, suppositories are often used that have an antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effect. The attending physician may recommend washing with antiseptic solutions.

It is important during treatment to refuse intimacy, eat right, and follow the rules of personal hygiene. It is necessary to remember the risks of re-infection, so you need to be treated together with a partner. Do not forget about the strict observance of the rules for taking medications. Changing the treatment regimen for trichomoniasis or adjusting it yourself is dangerous.

The scheme of treatment of trichomoniasis Klion - D

Therapy with the combined remedy Klion - D for trichomoniasis is prescribed in frequent cases. The drug contains the antifungal component miconazole and the antimicrobial agent metronidazole. Klionom - D demonstrates excellent therapeutic results in mixed forms of infection that affects the genitourinary system. Recommend the drug for use in the form of vaginal suppositories. Trichomoniasis treatment regimen - 1 suppository at bedtime every day for 10 days.

The scheme of treatment of trichomoniasis Trichopolum

Treatment of trichomoniasis in any case should be comprehensive. Sometimes therapy involves the use of metronidazole - Trichopolum. This is a good remedy that has an antimicrobial and antiprotozoal effect. From the digestive tract, the active substance is absorbed almost completely and quickly. If the stomach is full of food, then the absorption process slows down significantly. Approximately 15-20% of the drug binds to serum proteins.

Trichopolum is prescribed not only for the treatment of trichomoniasis, but also for giardiasis, as well as bacterial vaginosis. Among the contraindications of this remedy, it is worth highlighting hypersensitivity to the active substance of the drug, the period of breastfeeding, the early periods of the gestation period (up to 12 weeks). Also, Trichopol is not prescribed for children under 36 months and patients with liver failure. In any case, only a doctor can prescribe treatment for trichomoniasis.

With trochomonas invasions, a certain diet should be followed. Although the features of the diet in this case are associated, first of all, not with trichomoniasis, but with anti-trichomoniasis medications that the patient takes. Such drugs have an antibacterial effect, which entails the need to eat fully.

A complete and completely balanced diet during treatment is essential (as in the case of taking almost any). If it is not observed, the patient may experience a number of unpleasant side effects, such as digestive problems, nausea, an unpleasant aftertaste in the mouth, and so on. It is especially important to have a hearty and satisfying breakfast. For breakfast, it is better to eat cereals as a source of complex carbohydrates and other useful substances.

As soon as the first signs of trichomoniasis appear, you should consult a doctor and immediately begin a course of treatment. During treatment, it is recommended to take any drugs based on pancreatic enzymes, such as Mezim-Forte. In addition, funds that contain bifidobacteria necessary for the body will be useful. This is due to the fact that antibiotics destroy not only harmful, but also beneficial microorganisms and can thus provoke dysbacteriosis. Before taking any drugs, you should consult with your doctor and get his recommendations.

And one more important point: for several days after taking metronidazole and tinidazole, respectively, it is forbidden to drink alcoholic beverages. These medicines can cause a certain reaction to ethyl alcohol, something like "coding" from alcohol dependence. As a result, a person will feel bad: nausea and vomiting will appear, as well as other far from the most pleasant symptoms.

Prevention of diseases such as gonorrhea, trichomoniasis, chlamydia involves a set of measures, the purpose of which is to provide protection from potential infection.

The main preventive measures include the following:

• refusal of promiscuous sexual contacts and relationships with only one sexual partner;
• use of barrier contraceptives (condom) during sexual intercourse;
• the strictest observance of the rules of personal hygiene;
• treatment of concomitant diseases of the genitourinary system;
• regular gynecological examinations and testing.

However, to minimize the risk of getting sick, you should start with the most important thing - educational activities. People should know:

• what methods of contraception exist and how important it is to use them, especially condoms;
• about the need to lead a healthy lifestyle and eat right;
• how exactly are transmitted and what are the infections that provoke inflammation of the genital tract;
• What are the consequences of such diseases?

It should be noted that such measures are aimed primarily at preventing diseases of the genitourinary system in adolescents. This is the category of people that is more exposed to the relevant risks than others, and the main reason for this is illiteracy in this matter. Educational activities should be carried out not only by parents, but also by teachers and medical personnel of schools, lyceums and other educational institutions. In universities, colleges, technical schools, schools, it is advisable to conduct appropriate conversations and thematic lessons in order to equip adolescents and young people with the necessary knowledge.

Middle-aged people and young people who are actively sexually active should be very careful and careful when choosing a sexual partner for themselves. It is necessary to avoid promiscuity and contacts with several partners. Also, one should not forget about contraception if there is no certainty that the partner is healthy. Condoms not only protect against infection, but also prevent unwanted pregnancy. The ideal solution is an intimate relationship with only one partner.

Trichomoniasis, chlamydia and other infectious diseases should be treated promptly as soon as the first signs of trichomoniasis appear. In order to be confident in your health and not to start the situation in case of problems, it is necessary to undergo a preventive examination by a gynecologist at least once a year, with mandatory testing. For this, smears are taken from the vagina, urethra, cervix. The contents are sent to a laboratory for microscopic examination. In this way, it is possible to determine exactly whether an infection is present and how “clean” the vagina is.

To prevent trichomoniasis and other sexually infectious diseases, it is extremely important to provide a comprehensive and complete treatment of all concomitant diseases of the genitourinary system, which are caused by other types of harmful microorganisms. Pathogenic agents not only significantly reduce local immunity, but also increase the body's susceptibility to Trichomonas and other infections.

Of great importance in the spread of Trichomonas in the vagina is hygiene. This is not only about mandatory personal hygiene, but first of all about the simultaneous use of towels, washcloths and other toiletries by two or more people when one of them is ill with trichomoniasis or another disease of the genital organs. Each person should have their own personal body care products and not allow anyone to use them.

Personal hygiene must be respected at all times and in all places. This means that you should never wear someone else's underwear, and in public baths or toilets, never sit on surfaces without protection.

Chlamydia, trichomoniasis, and other sexually transmitted diseases are especially dangerous during pregnancy. When planning the conception of a child, it is imperative to visit a doctor and pass the appropriate tests to make sure that there is no hidden infection of the urinary tract. This applies to both partners - both women and men. In case of any problems, you should immediately consult a specialist and start an appropriate treatment for trichomoniasis. Preparing for pregnancy also involves the complete cure of all possible foci of infection that are present in the body.

We should not forget that the prevention of sexual infections is always relevant. If a person has been ill with any of the sexually transmitted diseases, he can become infected again and again (even during treatment): the immune system does not develop stable immunity to pathogens.

All of the above measures will prevent trichomoniasis and other sexual diseases. The prevention of such diseases should be taken extremely seriously, since they can have the most unfortunate consequences, for example, lead to pathologies of other organs and infertility. And again, it all starts with educational events - the main guarantee of health and a happy intimate life.