Are you here: Respiratory

DEPARTMENTAL BUILDING REGULATIONS

ENGINEERING AND GEODETIC SURVEYS RAILWAYS AND ROADS

VSN 208-89

Ministry of Transport of the USSR

MOSCOW 1990

DevelopedTsNIIS of the Ministry of Transport of the USSR with the participation of Mosgiprotrans and Soyuzdorproekt.

ContributedTsNIIS Ministry of Transport of the USSR.

Prepared for approval Main Scientific and Technical Directorate of the USSR Ministry of Transport.

With the entry into force of VSN 208-89 "Engineering and geodetic surveys of railways and highways" become invalid:

"Instruction on the production of topographic-geodesic and airborne geodetic works in the survey of new railways" (M. Orgtransstroy, 1973);

“Guidelines for topographic survey of railway stations and junctions. GKINP-02-147-81 "(M., TsNIIS, 1982);

“Instruction for the production of aerial photo-topographic works during surveys of railways. GKINP-02-172-83 (Moscow, TsNIIS, 1984);

“Guidelines for the preparation of large-scale plans for railway stations and spans based on aerial photography. GKINP-02-184-84 "(M., TsNIIS, 1985);

“Guidelines for the production of topographic and geodetic works on surveys of the second routes. GKINP-02-200-85 "(M., TsNIIS, 1986).

AgreedGosstroy of the USSR, GUGK of the USSR, GUPiKS of the Ministry of Railways of the USSR, GUPiKS of the Ministry of Transport of the USSR.

Ministrytransport construction USSR (Ministry of transport of the USSR)	Departmentalbuilding codes	VSN 208-89 Ministry of Transport of the USSR
	Engineering and geodetic exploration of iron and highways	Introducedfor the first time

TOC o "1-3" h z 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS

2. COMPOSITION AND VOLUME OF ENGINEERING AND GEODETIC RESEARCH

New railways and roads

Research for the project

Operating railways

Surveys for pre-project documentation

Research for the project

Surveys for working documentation

3. FIELD WORK

Survey geodetic network

General requirements

Shooting justification moves

Leveling

Planned-altitude substantiation of aerial photography

topographic surveys

General requirements

Terrestrial topographic surveys

Aerial photography work

Interpretation of aerial photographs

Survey of underground communications and structures

Field tracing

Shooting transverse profiles

Shooting the plan of the railways

Picketage

Shooting curves

Artificial structures and drainage systems

Crossings of power lines and communication

moving

Overall distances

Sorting slides

Field papers

4. OFFICE WORKS

Ground shooting

Aerial photography

General requirements

Densification of the photogrammetric network

Preparation of engineering and topographic plans

Photogrammetric survey of station situation elements

These Departmental building codes apply to engineering and geodetic surveys carried out for the design of the construction of new railways and highways, second (third, fourth) tracks, expansion (reconstruction) of existing roads, railway stations and nodes of the general railway network of the USSR, as well as external access railways and access roads*, and establish requirements for the organization and production of engineering and geodetic surveys in accordance with the accepted design stages.

These standards do not apply to engineering and geodetic surveys for the design of the construction of internal access railways and highways of industrial enterprises.

1. GENERAL PROVISIONS

____________

* "Construction of new railways and roads, second (third, fourth) tracks, expansion (reconstruction) of existing railways, railway stations and nodes of the general railway network of the USSR, as well as external access railways and access roads" hereinafter referred to as construction of railroads and highways.

** "Engineering and geodetic surveys for construction design" are hereinafter referred to as "engineering and geodetic surveys".

1.2. Engineering and geodetic surveys should ensure the receipt of topographic and geodetic materials and data necessary for the development of:

pre-project documentation - feasibility studies (feasibility study) and feasibility studies (FEA) for the construction of railways and highways;

projects (working projects) for the construction of railways and highways;

working documentation for the construction of railways and highways.

A feature of engineering, including engineering and geodetic, surveys for the design of railways and roads is that the process of surveys and design is inseparable: survey materials are needed to develop and justify design solutions, and determining the composition and scope of surveys is impossible without preliminary design studies.

1.3. Engineering and geodetic surveys of railways and highways, as well as housing and civil engineering facilities, transport buildings and devices that are part of a comprehensive project of a railway or highway, must be carried out by design and survey organizations of the Ministry of Transport Construction (Ministry of Transport Construction of the USSR) and the Ministry of Railways ( Ministry of Railways of the USSR).

Engineering and geodetic surveys, as part of engineering surveys of railways and roads, should be carried out, as a rule, by complex expeditions consisting of parties (detachments), in accordance with the approved survey program.

To perform aerial photography and topographic and geodetic work, a design and survey organization - a general designer may subcontract specialized and other organizations.

1.4. The composition and scope of engineering and geodetic surveys of railways and highways should be established by the survey program in accordance with the design stage, natural conditions and the nature of the projected object.

The composition of engineering and geodetic surveys includes:

collection and analysis of available topographic and geodetic materials for the area (section) of surveys;

cameral tracing and selection of competitive options for design solutions for field surveys and surveys;

creation of a planned high-rise geodetic base;

topographic survey of the area on a scale of 1:5000 - 1 :500, including survey of underground and aboveground structures and communications, intersections of power lines (TL), communication lines (LS) and main pipelines;

field tracing of linear structures;

special works (surveying the plan of the existing railway track, longitudinal and transverse profiles, external measurements of buildings, structures and devices, coordinating the main elements of structures, determining the total and useful lengths of railway tracks at stations, the dimensions of the approximations of buildings, types of rails, etc.);

geodetic support of engineering-geological and engineering-hydrometeorological surveys;

drawing up and reproduction of engineering and topographic plans, creation of digital terrain models (DTM).

1.5. The work performed during engineering and geodetic surveys of railways and roads should be carried out, as a rule, in three stages: preparatory, field and cameral.

In the preparatory stage, the following should be performed: collection, analysis and generalization of available cartographic, geodetic and other materials for the survey area; design studies necessary to select competitive route options or design solutions for field surveys and surveys; work on organizing field surveys (participation, together with the customer, in the preparation of a design assignment, drawing up a program of engineering and geodetic surveys *, determining and agreeing with the customer on the price of surveys, obtaining permission to carry out work, forming and equipping field units, etc.); P.).

In the field stage, a complex of topographic and geodetic works and surveys, provided for by the survey program, as well as the necessary amount of cameral work to ensure quality control, completeness and accuracy of the work performed, are to be performed.

____________

The "program of engineering and geodetic surveys" is hereinafter referred to as the "survey program".

The customer (at his request) is given a technical report with attachments. The bodies that performed the registration of the work are provided with a cartogram of the work performed.

1.6. Drawing up a survey program should be preceded by prior agreement (together with the customer) with land users and regional, regional and district councils of people's deputies, as well as territorial committees for nature protection that control land use, the location of all competitive options for the route of the projected road, the approximate size of the areas planned to the withdrawal of land and natural resources and the conditions for compensation for damage caused to the environment and land users.

1.7. The survey program should be drawn up by the management of the survey department with the involvement of the authors of the sections of the project on the basis of the design assignment issued by the customer with the maximum use of available topographic and geodetic materials, as well as materials from previously completed engineering surveys and other information about the natural conditions of the survey area. The survey program must be approved by the chief engineer (author) of the project.

With small volumes of surveys (worth up to 2 thousand rubles) carried out for individual buildings and structures, it is allowed to draw up a short prescription instead of the program.

The integrated survey program is subject to approval by the chief engineer of the design and survey organization and agreement with the customer.

1.8. The initial data for the development of a program of engineering and geodetic surveys are:

assignment of the customer for the design of the object;

the deadlines for the submission of the project established by the assignment for the design;

materials of office tracing and design according to competitive options;

materials of geodetic knowledge of the survey area:

natural conditions in the area of field work, which determine, for a given start and end date of work, the most rational duration of the field season and the time for performing special types of work and observations.

1.9. The survey program should be compiled for the entire complex of surveys for each design stage. In cases where the assignment for the development of a project (working draft) provides for the implementation of construction in stages, the program of engineering and geodetic surveys is drawn up for the first stage of construction.

With the duration of the construction of an object or its turn up to two years, the program of engineering and geodetic surveys for the development of working documentation should be drawn up in a volume that ensures the development of documentation for the object as a whole. With a construction duration of more than two years, the scope of surveys and the timing of the submission of materials must be established in the survey program.

1.10. The research program should contain:

general information - the name of the survey object, the design stage and the objectives of the survey, the administrative affiliation of the survey area;

data to justify the types, volumes and methods of work - the purpose of the designed structure, the main technical parameters and other data that determine the scope of survey work; a brief physical and geographical description of the survey area based on survey materials, cartographic materials and literary sources; basic information about the development of the road network and other types of means of communication, means of communication, economic development of the area; knowledge of the survey area and analysis of the available funds of materials, previously performed survey, search and research work, assessment of the completeness, reliability and degree of suitability of the available materials;

goals and objectives of the survey - the composition and scope of field and cameral work; substantiation of volumes, methodology and requirements for the production of each type of work; organization of work; accepted system of coordinates and heights; technological sequence, planned duration and timing of the survey; the procedure for obtaining approvals, the system of technical control and acceptance of work;

provision of surveys - the need for geodetic instruments, equipment, external and internal transport, including the rental of special vehicles, the necessary volumes of construction of temporary structures;

environmental protection - a list of measures and scope of work for environmental protection in the course of surveys;

safety precautions and industrial sanitation - features of the application of the current rules at this survey site and the rationale for the additional amount of work required to ensure safety and compliance with industrial hygiene standards when performing survey work;

list of submitted materials.

The research program must be accompanied by:

a copy of the customer's task for the design of the facility;

plan or scheme of the object with plotted route options and indication of survey boundaries and topographic survey areas;

data on the geodetic knowledge of the survey area.

1.11. The survey program should not only provide for measures and work to preserve the environment and exclude its pollution directly in the process of engineering and geodetic surveys of railways and roads, but also provide the opportunity to obtain, in combination with engineering-geological and engineering-hydrometeorological surveys, data and information necessary to make a forecast of changes in the natural environment under the influence of the construction and operation of the designed structures, as well as to establish measures for the protection of the natural environment and determine, taking into account this factor, the cost of construction.

The composition and content of sections of the survey program and annexes to it are detailed in each specific case in accordance with the technical specifications of the customer and depending on the design stage and types (objects) of construction.

1.12. The requirements and methodology for the production of engineering and geodetic surveys of railways and highways, established by the survey program, should provide for the automation of topographic and geodetic work and office processing of materials. At the same time, modern geodetic instruments (electronic tacheometers and light range finders), means of automated registration of measurement results and computer technology should be used to the maximum.

1.13. The survey program should provide for such a volume of aerial photography that its materials can be used at subsequent stages of design. To reduce the aerial photography strip and prevent the route from going beyond its limits, aerial photography routes should be designed after cameral tracing using topographic maps at a scale of 1:25000 or 1:10000 (if they are available for the survey area).

The scale of aerial photography is assigned depending on the scale of engineering and topographic plans compiled on its basis and stereophotogrammetric instruments available to design and survey institutes.

1.14. The terms of reference for the production of aerial photography carried out by special units of the Ministry of Civil Aviation (MGA of the USSR), as well as for the performance of topographic and geodetic work on the territory of cities by engineering and construction survey trusts and other specialized organizations, must be signed by the chief engineer (author) of the project, the head of the lead department and approved by the chief engineer of the design and survey institute.

1.15. Engineering and geodetic surveys of new railways and roads should be carried out with permits obtained in accordance with the procedure established by SNiP 1.02.07-87 and the Instruction on State Geodetic Supervision.

Engineering and geodetic surveys for the design of the second (third, fourth) tracks, expansion (reconstruction) of existing railways, railway stations and nodes within the right of way of the railway are carried out according to permits obtained from the railway departments of the Ministry of Railways of the USSR.

1.16. A design decision that affects the interests of an organization must be agreed with this organization during the survey.

The implementation of approvals by designers in the process of engineering and geodetic surveys should be taken into account in the survey program.

Approval documents must be drawn up in the form of text and graphic documents (acts, protocols, certificates, letters, conclusions, decisions, inscriptions on plans, diagrams, etc.). These documents should contain the subjects of approval, the requirements of the coordinating organization, the location of structures, technical conditions for reorganization, etc., as well as the name of the coordinating organization, the date of approval, positions and names of the coordinating persons, certified by the seal of the organization.

1.17. Metrological support of geodetic measuring instruments in the production of engineering and geodetic surveys of railways and roads should be provided by departmental metrological services in accordance with the requirements of state standards.

Responsibility, rights and obligations of officials performing survey work are established by the relevant official positions approved by the management of the design and survey organization.

2. COMPOSITION AND VOLUME OF ENGINEERING AND GEODETICRESEARCH

New railways and roads

Surveys for pre-project documentation

2.2. The preparatory stage of the survey should include:

obtaining topographic maps and plans for the survey area, materials from aerial and space photography, as well as survey materials from previous years;

collection and study of stock, literary and specialized materials characterizing the features of the natural conditions of the survey area;

cameral tracing, evaluation, comparison and selection of competitive route options for the projected road for field surveys, identification of reference and complex (barrier) sections of competing route options;

preliminary coordination of the location of competitive options for the route with the Councils of People's Deputies, through whose territory the projected road passes;

2.3. To select the possible directions of the projected railway or highway and determine the boundaries of the survey area, topographic maps at a scale of 1:1000000-1:100000 should be used.

Cameral tracing to select the direction of the projected road should be carried out according to topographic maps at a scale of 1:25000 or plans at a scale of 1:10000 (if they are available for the entire survey area or part of it) using aerial and space photography and other materials collected for the survey area.

2.4. To select the route, develop the main design solutions and determine the estimated cost of building a railway and a highway based on competing options for the route of the designed road, reference and complex (barrier) sections should be identified, on which a topographic survey should be performed on the following scales:

in flat terrain 1:5000- 1 :2000;

in terrain with rugged terrain and in mountainous areas 1:2000-1:1000.

Reference sections include representative sections, the construction conditions of which (according to engineering and geological characteristics, hydrological regime, etc.) can be extended to other similar sections of the route.

The length of the reference section should not be less than 10 km.

Difficult (barrier) areas include:

places of distribution of geological processes, phenomena and formations that can have a significant impact on the choice of design solutions, technology, construction time and cost, the operational regime of road structures and their complexes (landslide slopes, clamps, screes, mudflows, areas of development of modern karst, underground ice , large icing, deep extended swamps, etc.);

sections of the route at the intersections of large lakes, sea bays, reservoirs, etc.;

large and out-of-class bridge crossings;

tunnels;

sections of the route near large settlements and industrial facilities.

2.5. Field surveys should include:

reconnaissance of competitive route options;

aerial photography, vertical reference and interpretation of aerial photographs according to the options adopted for field surveys;

creation of a survey justification and ground topographic survey of reference and complex (barrier) areas at a scale of 1:5000-1:1000 in cases where aerial photography is not provided for by the survey program;

identification of communications and other facilities subject to reconstruction or demolition in connection with the construction of the road;

For the development of a feasibility study (TER) in simple natural conditions, it is allowed, with appropriate justification in the survey program, to carry out engineering and geodetic surveys without field topographic and geodetic work.

2.6. In the process of reconnaissance of competitive options for the directions of the projected road, the compliance of the topographic materials used for cameral tracing with the current state of the relief and situation should be checked, the position and boundaries of the sections where topographic and geodetic work and surveys are required should be clarified.

2.7. In case of aerial topographic survey on competitive route options, ground topographic and geodetic work should include a plan-altitude substantiation and field interpretation of aerial photographs, taking into account the possible use of aerial photographic materials at subsequent design stages.

When conducting surveys by ground methods, survey justification and tacheometric survey on a scale of 1: 5000-1 1000 are performed only on reference and complex (barrier) areas.

The width of the tacheometric survey strip along the route is set in the survey program, depending on the specific conditions, and should not exceed, as a rule, 300 m.

2.8. The cameral stage of the survey should include the processing of field materials and the preparation of reporting documents provided for by the survey program.

engineering and topographic plans of reference and complex (barrier) sections of the route;

longitudinal profiles according to route options;

lists of coordinates and heights of survey substantiation points (planned-altitude substantiation of aerial photographs);

documents of preliminary coordination of route options with the Councils of People's Deputies;

Research for the project

2.10. The preparatory stage of the survey should include:

analysis of feasibility study materials (TER);

identification and tracing of local options and sub-options of the route within the direction of the projected road, adopted in the feasibility study (TER), their assessment, comparison and selection of route options for field surveys;

drawing up a survey program and contractual documentation;

2.11. For tracing local options and sub-options of the route, as a rule, engineering and topographic plans of scales 1: 5000- 1 :1000, compiled during the development of the feasibility study (TER).

2.12. The field stage of the survey should include:

reconnaissance of route options;

aerial photography (if it was not carried out during surveys for the development of a feasibility study);

vertical reference and interpretation of aerial photographs;

creation of a survey justification and ground topographic surveys in those sections of the route where the scale of previous surveys does not meet the design requirements, and aerial photography is not performed, as well as topographic surveys of sections of individual design of subgrades, medium and large bridge crossings, sites for quarries of building materials, etc. P.;

field tracing (removal of the route in nature);

topographic survey of the intersections of all underground and above-ground communications;

geodetic support of other types of engineering surveys.

2.13. Reconnaissance of route options should provide:

identification of the conformity of real natural conditions with those adopted in cameral tracing and evaluation of route options;

clarification of areas where it is necessary to conduct detailed surveys;

clarification of the volumes and technology of performing topographic and geodetic works provided for by the survey program.

Reconnaissance should be carried out on all options subject to field surveys.

The reconnaissance must be ground based and carried out along the entire length of the variants.

Aerovisual reconnaissance is allowed only for general familiarization with the area.

2.14. The scale of topographic surveys should be set depending on the characteristics of the survey areas and the types of structures being designed according to Table. 1. The height of the relief section by contour lines is taken in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 1.02.07-87.

Table 1

Characteristics of the survey site (structure)	Shooting scale
Railway and highway route:

in difficult mountain conditions
in built-up area
in areas with reclaimed land or with valuable crops
Railway junctions
Railway stations	1:1000-1:500
Traveling to hauls
Sites for small artificial structures:
in flat and rough terrain
on slopes
Medium and large bridge crossings
Portal sections of tunnels
Sites for service and technical buildings, residential settlements, water supply, sewerage facilities, etc.
Intersections with roads of all categories, pipelines, overhead power lines and communications
Ground pits and quarries of local building materials

2.15. The boundaries and areas of areas subject to topographic survey should be established in the survey program, taking into account the needs of other types of engineering surveys.

The width of the strip of terrain along the route of a new railway or highway, subject to ground topographic survey, should ensure the design of the subgrade, artificial structures, road facilities, drainage systems, forest protection strips, longitudinal communication lines and power supply, and, if necessary, the road by the road.

The width of the tacheometric survey strip should be taken in accordance with the requirements of clause 2.7.

2.16. Field tracing (layout of the route in nature) should be performed, if necessary, in areas of individual design of the subgrade, as well as for geodetic support of detailed engineering-geological and engineering-hydrometeorological surveys.

2.17 . Cross-sectional profile surveys and topographic surveys of individual areas of the terrain (sites for small artificial structures, etc.) should be carried out from the route laid in kind.

Cross profiles should be removed:

in areas of individual design of subgrade on slopes steeper than 1:5;

in the presence of nearby existing objects;

in the case when the subgrade will cover heterogeneous areas of the terrain (the route runs at the foot of the slope, along the edge of the swamp, etc.);

under difficult conditions for organizing a longitudinal drainage system (bypasses, etc.);

on sites for separate points.

The width of the strip of terrain removed from the route by transverse profiles should be assigned taking into account the design of longitudinal power supply, communication lines, roadside road, protective forest plantations, etc.

2.18. The cameral stage of the survey should include the processing of field materials and the preparation of reporting documents provided for by the survey program.

Reporting documents include:

route plan indicating all options, main passages and routes of previous surveys;

engineering and topographic plans of the strip of terrain along the options for the route and sites for the design of bridges, stations, settlements, etc.;

longitudinal and transverse profiles according to route options;

survey materials of underground and overground utilities intersected by the road route;

sheets of coordinates and heights of points of survey justification, approval certificates (in accordance with the survey program);

technical report on the work performed.

2.19. The composition and scope of surveys for the working draft should be taken into account, taking into account the instructions on the composition and scope of surveys for the project and working documentation.

2.20. During the production of engineering and geodetic surveys, a set of works must be performed to ensure the receipt of topographic and geodetic materials and data necessary for the development of working drawings for all sections of the project, the binding of individual typical structures to the terrain and the preparation of local estimates for construction projects.

2.21. The preparatory stage of the survey should include an analysis of the project materials and a desk study of improving options, taking into account all the comments of the authority that approved the project and changes that have occurred since the development of the project, as well as work on the preparation of field surveys.

2.22. The field stage of the survey should include:

field tracing (layout of the route in nature) of improving options, as well as in those areas where the route was not laid out in nature during surveys for the development of the project, with a breakdown of the stationing along the route, longitudinal leveling and fixing the route and the axes of artificial structures on it;

topographic survey of newly appeared (after surveys for the development of the project) engineering communications;

breakdown and binding of engineering-geological workings along the route and structures;

topographic survey of sites for quarries of building materials;

tracing of highway roads and railway detours (if they are provided for by the survey program).

Along the route of improving options, the following must be performed:

shooting transverse profiles;

additional large-scale survey of places of individual design of subgrade and drainage structures;

topographic survey of sites for artificial structures and service and technical buildings in the areas of rerouting;

additional survey of sections of large bridge crossings, overpasses, portals of tunnels, intersections with railways and highways, power lines, LS and main pipelines.

2.23. The scale of topographic surveys is assumed to be the same as for surveys for project development (see paragraph 2.14).

Surveying of transverse profiles should be carried out in the same cases as during surveys for the development of the project (see paragraph 2.17).

In addition, transverse profiles must be removed within zero places (100 m in each direction).

2.24. The geodetic basis for field tracing (removal of the final route in nature) should, as a rule, be the main passages laid during surveys for the development of the project.

All subsequent topographical and stakeout works are carried out from the laid out route.

2.25. The fixing of the route is carried out in accordance with the data in Table. 2.

2.26. The cameral stage of the survey should include the final processing of field materials, the preparation of engineering and topographic plans, longitudinal and transverse profiles and other reporting materials provided for by the survey program.

table 2

Places for installation of anchorage marks and benchmarks	Sign types	Number of signs
The vertices of the turn angles of the route and tie-in traverses		Clogged in each vertex is not the angle of rotation in level with the ground
	corner posts	They are installed on the outside of each angle of rotation in the direction of the continuation of the bisector or tangents outside the excavation zone
Long straight lines:
on preliminary tracks	Collapsible pillars	Installed 2 km apart
on final tracks		Same after 1 km
the same in rough terrain		The same after 0.5 km
Crossings of medium and large watercourses, viaducts and tunnel crossings on the preliminary route		Two - one post on each side of the crossing or crossings along the axis of the route
Same on the final track		Four - two posts on each side of the transition or intersection along the axis of the route
Final routes of railways and roads		Every 2 km and at watercourse crossings and intersections of linear structures, at long-term observation watercourses
Crossings over large watercourses along the final route		Two - one on each side of the watercourse
construction sites		One benchmark at small sites along the track

Notes. 1. In inhabited and treeless areas, concrete poles should be used, in the rest - wooden ones.

2. Benchmarks are installed outside the work area.

Operating railways

Research for pre-project document tions

2.27. During the production of engineering and geodetic surveys for the development of a feasibility study (FER), a set of works must be performed to ensure the receipt of topographic and geodetic materials and data necessary to select an option for strengthening the capacity of an existing railway (construction of second (third, fourth) tracks * or reconstruction of spans and railway stations), development of basic design solutions and technical and economic indicators, including the determination of the estimated cost of construction (reconstruction), as well as for the production of other types of engineering surveys.

2.28. Surveys for the development of a feasibility study (FER) should be carried out, as a rule, without field work on the basis of data collected in railway departments and other organizations. In particularly difficult cases, in the absence or apparent insufficiency of the collected data, aerial photography and field engineering and geodetic surveys should be carried out with a minimum amount of topographic and geodetic work.

2.29. The preparatory stage of the survey should include:

collection, systematization and analysis of data on the existing railway line, available in the road administration (departments, distances), in design, archival and other organizations;

analysis of options for strengthening the existing railway;

drawing up a survey program and contractual documentation;

registration of permits for the production of surveys and aerial photography;

organization of field surveys.

2.30. The field stage of the survey should include a field inspection of the section of the existing railway, the capacity of which is supposed to be increased. Difficult places on hauls are subject to inspection, where special measures are required or the removal of a second track to a new route, existing track development of stations in areas of additional development and placement of individual structures, large and medium bridges and approaches to them, as well as intersections with pipelines, Power lines with a voltage of 35 kV and above and other communications.

If the survey program provides for field surveys, the following must be performed:

topographic (aerial phototopographic or ground) survey of railway stations and spans on a scale of 1:5000-1:2000;

topographic survey on a scale of 1:2000-1:500 sections of the railway passing through the territory of large cities in difficult, cramped conditions with a large number of underground communications;

survey of underground communications;

shooting longitudinal profiles along the main tracks and transverse profiles along artificial structures and in some difficult areas;

survey of railway track intersections with power transmission lines and LS, main pipelines, etc.

____________

* "Second (third, fourth) ways" hereinafter "second ways".

2.31. The cameral stage of the survey should include the processing of the collected materials, materials of field surveys and surveys, as well as the preparation of reporting documents provided for by the survey program.

Reporting documents include:

engineering and topographic plan or scheme of the railway line with the boundaries of the right of way;

longitudinal profiles along the main paths and branches, as well as transverse profiles in characteristic places;

engineering and topographic plans of railway stations, copies of schemes for technical and administrative acts (TRA) of stations;

plans or layouts of contact network supports;

materials on the device of water supply and sewerage;

data on other existing railway facilities and devices;

technical report on the work performed.

Research for the project

2.32. During engineering and geodetic surveys for the project, a set of works must be performed to ensure the receipt of topographic and geodetic materials and data necessary for finalizing and detailing the design decisions adopted in the feasibility study (TER), clarifying the main technical and economic indicators and calculating the cost of building second tracks or reconstruction of the existing railway and stations, as well as for the production of other types of engineering surveys.

2.33. The preparatory stage of the survey should include:

study and analysis of the materials of the feasibility study (TER), taking into account all the comments of the authority that approved the feasibility study (TER);

drawing up a survey program and contractual documentation;

execution (extension) of permits for the production of surveys and aerial photography;

organization of field surveys.

2.34. The field stage of the survey should include:

aerial photography (if it was not carried out during surveys for the development of a feasibility study) of railway stations and stages, vertical reference and interpretation of aerial photographs;

creation of a survey geodetic network and ground topographic survey of railway stations and spans in areas where aerial photography is not performed;

survey of the plan and profile of the existing railway track, survey of longitudinal profiles along branches and additional tracks at stations;

shooting transverse profiles; in areas where aerial photography has been performed, transverse profiles should be surveyed only within the main platform (edges) of the subgrade;

measurement and determination of the coordinates of the centers of turnouts, elements of track development, facilities and structures at stations;

determination of the dimensions of the approximation of buildings;

survey of underground communications;

topographic survey of sites for residential settlements, quarries, water intake sites and treatment facilities;

inspection and filming of crossings, intersections of the railway track with power lines, LS, main pipelines, etc.;

depositing, according to the act, points of basic passages at stations.

2.35. The office stage of the survey should include the processing of the received materials and the preparation of reporting documents provided for by the survey program.

Reporting documents include:

detailed longitudinal profile along the main railway tracks and branches;

engineering and topographic plans of railway stations, sidings and stages;

transverse profiles along the subgrade and artificial structures on hauls and separate points;

list of coordinates and heights of points of survey justification;

curve calculation sheets;

statements of tracks, turnouts, buildings and structures;

plans and profiles of communications intersections;

extracts from TRA stations;

DSM on machine storage media, as well as graphic documents;

technical report on the work performed.

2.36. When developing a working draft, topographic plans of artificial structures and crossings, sites for quarries, residential villages and communications to them should also be submitted.

The list of submitted documents and the scale of topographic plans are established in the survey program for each object in accordance with Table. one.

Surveys for working documentation

2.37. During the production of engineering and geodetic surveys, a set of works must be performed to ensure the receipt of topographic and geodetic materials and data necessary for the development of working drawings for all sections of the project, the binding of individual typical structures to the terrain and the preparation of local estimates for the construction of second tracks or the reconstruction of railway stations and races.

2.38. The preparatory stage of the survey should include:

analysis of project materials and conclusions of coordinating and exporting organizations;

drawing up a survey program and contractual documentation;

registration of a permit (or extension of its validity) for the production of surveys;

organization of field surveys.

2.39. The field stage of the survey should include:

additional topographic survey to the extent stipulated by the survey program;

survey of the plan and profile of the existing railway track (in case of a time gap between the previous surveys for the development of the project and the surveys for the development of working documentation for more than 4 years, and also in cases when the overhaul of the track was carried out during this time);

shooting transverse profiles, if after the completion of the survey for the project, the berms were powdered or the slopes of the subgrade were laid;

field tracing of the second path when it is located on a separate subgrade (bypass);

additional topographic and geodetic works provided for by the survey program.

2.40. The cameral stage of the survey should include the final processing of field materials, the preparation of engineering and topographic plans, longitudinal and transverse profiles, and other reporting documents provided for by the survey program.

3. FIELD WORK

Survey geodetic network

General requirements

3.1. The geodetic basis for performing all types of ground topographic and geodetic work in engineering and geodetic surveys of railways and roads and for geodetic support of other types of engineering surveys are points (points) of the survey geodetic network (survey justification).

The geodetic basis for aerial topographic survey is the plan-altitude substantiation of route aerial photography, consisting of points and benchmarks of the geodetic network, which are reliably identified on aerial photographs, plan-altitude and high-altitude identification marks and points (points) of main passages.

3.2. As a filming justification, you should use:

in engineering and geodetic surveys of new railways and highways and second tracks on bypasses - points (points) of main passages, and for shooting transverse profiles at the stage of working documentation - track points fixed on the ground;

during engineering and geodetic surveys of second tracks and for the reconstruction of railways on the stage - the axis of the existing track and the points of the main course, linked to the operational picketage;

in case of ground topographic survey of existing railway stations - points (points) of one or more basic passages within the track development and points of survey (theodolite) passages based on points of basic passages.

3.3. The survey geodetic network should be laid:

main - near the route of the projected road or along the subgrade of the existing railway track;

base - as a rule, along the main track or park of the railway station;

filming - in places convenient for geodetic measurements and providing survey of track development and near-station territory.

3.4. The main passages must be tied in plan and in height to the points of the state geodetic network at least every 30 km.

If the points of the state geodetic network are more than 5 km away from the route, it is allowed, instead of the planned reference, to determine the true azimuths of the sides of the course at least after 15 km.

Methods for determining the true azimuths of the sides of the course (by the zenith distance of the Sun, the hour angle of the Polar, etc.) and the requirements for measurement accuracy should be established in the survey program.

Base passages at railway stations should, as a rule, be tied to points of the geodetic base on the territory of cities (towns). The lengths of the base passages are determined by the lengths of the parks and are set in the survey program.

When topographical survey of intermediate stations and sidings with track development of up to 5 tracks and spans up to 25 km long in an undeveloped area, it is allowed to lay a basic (main) track along the main track without linking it to the points of the geodetic base on the territory of cities (towns).

The maximum length of shooting passages at railway stations and main passages on a stretch in a built-up area when using light rangefinders should not exceed 1.8 km. When laying theodolite passages, the requirements of SNiP 1.02.07-87 should be observed.

3.5. Altitude binding of the main passages to the marks and benchmarks of the state or departmental leveling network should be made in all cases when the indicated points are located no further than 5 km from the boundaries of the survey. With their greater removal, high-altitude passages should be tied to pre-installed time benchmarks.

Base moves at railway stations should be tied, as a rule, to at least two benchmarks of the city (village). Binding to one benchmark must be justified in the survey program. In this case, additional control of the height reference should be provided.

Temporary benchmarks should be installed at least every 2 km. During engineering and geodetic surveys of second tracks or the reconstruction of railway stations, it is recommended to use cordon stones of bridges, culvert heads, foundation plinths or other capital structures, as well as permanent signs of a planned survey geodetic network as temporary benchmarks.

3.6. The system of coordinates and heights of points of the survey network for the preparation of topographic plans during engineering and geodetic surveys of railways and roads must be established in the survey program and agreed with the authorities that issued the permit for the survey.

It is allowed to accept the local (station) coordinate system.

3.7. When surveying railway stations, the origin of the local (station) coordinate system should, as a rule, be taken as the point of intersection of the axis of the passenger building (axis X) with a main (basic) course laid along the main path (axis At).

When shooting railway stations with a dead-end location of the station for the axis X the geometric axis of any permanent building located, if possible, in the middle part of the station can be adopted.

3.8. Work on the creation of a survey geodetic network should be carried out in accordance with the survey justification project.

A project of a planned-altitude substantiation of aerial photography should, as a rule, be drawn up after completion of aerial photography work on block layout reproductions and contact prints, on which approximate areas for the location of identification marks, the position of main passages and passages for linking identification marks to points of the state geodetic network are outlined.

The position of the main passages used as a geodetic basis for ground topographic and geodetic works during engineering and geodetic surveys of new railways and roads, and the positions of the links to the points and benchmarks of the state geodetic network should be marked on topographic maps and plans, according to which cameral tracing was carried out.

The project of the survey substantiation of existing railway stations should be drawn up on the existing plans or diagrams of the station. In cases where the indicated materials are not available for the station being surveyed, the project should be drawn up on the basis of a preliminary reconnaissance of the area.

The shape of the survey geodetic network at the railway station is determined by:

the total size of the surveyed area and its configuration (type and scheme of the station);

location in terms of the passenger building (side or island), parks and station devices;

approaches of railway lines and sidings;

the presence of geodetic instruments.

3.9. Permissible residual values in the courses of the survey geodetic network should be taken in accordance with Table. 3.

Table 3

Types of jobs	Permissible measurement errors
Types of jobs	corner , min	linear	high-rise , mm
Laying the courses of the survey substantiation in the survey of new railways and highways Laying the courses of the survey geodetic network during surveys on existing roads :	"> The document has been shortened because it is very large. To view the full version of this document, please follow this link.

Useful:

Below is a sample document. The documents have been developed without taking into account your personal needs and possible legal risks. If you want to develop a functional and competent document, agreement or contract of any complexity, please contact professionals.

DEPARTMENTAL BUILDING REGULATIONS
ENGINEERING AND GEODETIC SURVEYS
RAILWAYS AND ROADS
VSN 208-89
Ministry of Transport of the USSR
MOSCOW 1990
Developed by TsNIIS of the Ministry of Transport of the USSR with the participation of Mosgiprotrans and Soyuzdorproekt.

Introduced by TsNIIS of the Ministry of Transport of the USSR.

Prepared for approval by the Main Scientific and Technical Directorate of the USSR Ministry of Transport.

With the entry into force of VSN 208-89 "Engineering and geodetic surveys of railways and highways" become invalid:
“Instruction on the production of topographic-geodesic and airborne geodetic works in the survey of new railways” (M. Orgtransstroy, 1973);
“Guidelines for Topographic Survey of Railway Stations and Junctions. GKINP-02-147-81” (Moscow, TsNIIS, 1982);
“Instruction for the production of aerial photo-topographic works during surveys of railways. GKINP-02-172-83” (Moscow, TsNIIS, 1984);
“Guidelines for the preparation of large-scale plans for railway stations and spans based on aerial photography. GKINP-02-184-84” (Moscow, TsNIIS, 1985);
“Guidelines for the production of topographic and geodetic works on surveys of the second routes. GKINP-02-200-85” (M. (TsNIIS, 1986).
Approved by Gosstroy of the USSR, GUGK of the USSR, GUPiKS of the Ministry of Railways of the USSR, GUPiKS of the Ministry of Transport of the USSR.
All-Union Order of the October Revolution
Research Institute
transport construction, 1990

Ministry
transport construction
Departmental
building codes
VSN 208-89
Ministry of Transport of the USSR
USSR (Ministry of transport of the USSR)
Engineering and geodetic
exploration of iron and
highways
Introduced
for the first time
These Departmental building codes apply to engineering and geodetic surveys carried out for the design of the construction of new railways and highways, second (third, fourth) tracks, expansion (reconstruction) of existing roads, railway stations and nodes of the general railway network of the USSR, as well as external access railways and access roads*, and establish requirements for the organization and production of engineering and geodetic surveys in accordance with the accepted design stages.
These standards do not apply to engineering and geodetic surveys for the design of the construction of internal access railways and highways of industrial enterprises.
1. GENERAL PROVISIONS

1.1. Engineering and geodetic surveys for the design of construction** of railways and roads should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 1.02.07-87, state standards and these norms, taking into account the requirements of regulatory and technical acts of the Main Directorate of Geodesy and Cartography under the Council of Ministers of the USSR (GUGK USSR) and the USSR State Committee for Nature Protection.
Contributed by TsNIIS of the Ministry of Transport of the USSR
Approved by the USSR Ministry of Transport and Construction on February 26, 1990 No. MO-116
Effective date June 1, 1990
____________
* “Construction of new railways and highways, second (third, fourth) tracks, expansion (reconstruction) of existing railways, railway stations and nodes of the general railway network of the USSR, as well as external access railways and access roads” hereinafter referred to as "construction of railways and highways".
** “Engineering and geodetic surveys for construction design” are hereinafter referred to as “engineering and geodetic surveys”.

1.2. Engineering and geodetic surveys should ensure the receipt of topographic and geodetic materials and data necessary for the development of:
pre-project documentation - feasibility studies (feasibility study) and feasibility studies (FEA) for the construction of railways and highways;
projects (working projects) for the construction of railways and highways;
working documentation for the construction of railways and highways.
A feature of engineering, including engineering and geodetic, surveys for the design of railways and roads is that the process of surveys and design is inseparable: survey materials are needed to develop and justify design solutions, and determining the composition and scope of surveys is impossible without preliminary design studies.
1.3. Engineering and geodetic surveys of railways and highways, as well as housing and civil engineering facilities, transport buildings and devices that are part of a comprehensive project of a railway or highway, must be carried out by design and survey organizations of the Ministry of Transport Construction (Ministry of Transport Construction of the USSR) and the Ministry of Railways ( Ministry of Railways of the USSR).
Engineering and geodetic surveys, as part of engineering surveys of railways and roads, should be carried out, as a rule, by complex expeditions consisting of parties (detachments), in accordance with the approved survey program.
To perform aerial photography and topographic and geodetic work, a design and survey organization - a general designer may subcontract specialized and other organizations.
1.4. The composition and scope of engineering and geodetic surveys of railways and highways should be established by the survey program in accordance with the design stage, natural conditions and the nature of the projected object.
The composition of engineering and geodetic surveys includes:
collection and analysis of available topographic and geodetic materials for the area (section) of surveys;
cameral tracing and selection of competitive options for design solutions for field surveys and surveys;
creation of a planned high-rise geodetic base;
topographic survey of the area on a scale of 1:5000 - 1:500, including survey of underground and above-ground structures and communications, intersections of power lines (TL), communication lines (LS) and main pipelines;
field tracing of linear structures;
special works (surveying the plan of the existing railway track, longitudinal and transverse profiles, external measurements of buildings, structures and devices, coordinating the main elements of structures, determining the total and useful lengths of railway tracks at stations, the dimensions of the approximations of buildings, types of rails, etc.);
geodetic support of engineering-geological and engineering-hydrometeorological surveys;
drawing up and reproduction of engineering and topographic plans, creation of digital terrain models (DTM).
1.5. The work performed during engineering and geodetic surveys of railways and roads should be carried out, as a rule, in three stages: preparatory, field and cameral.
In the preparatory stage, the following should be performed: collection, analysis and generalization of available cartographic, geodetic and other materials for the survey area; design studies necessary to select competitive route options or design solutions for field surveys and surveys; work on organizing field surveys (participation, together with the customer, in the preparation of a design assignment, drawing up a program of engineering and geodetic surveys *, determining and agreeing with the customer on the price of surveys, obtaining permission to carry out work, forming and equipping field units, etc.); P.).
In the field stage, a complex of topographic and geodetic works and surveys, provided for by the survey program, as well as the necessary amount of cameral work to ensure quality control, completeness and accuracy of the work performed, are to be performed.
____________
The “program of engineering and geodetic surveys” is hereinafter referred to as the “program of surveys”.

In the office stage, the following must be completed: final processing of field materials, design of all graphic and text materials, preparation of technical reports, submission of survey materials to the archive.
The customer (at his request) is given a technical report with attachments. The bodies that performed the registration of the work are provided with a cartogram of the work performed.
1.6. Drawing up a survey program should be preceded by prior agreement (together with the customer) with land users and regional, regional and district councils of people's deputies, as well as territorial committees for nature protection that control land use, the location of all competitive options for the route of the projected road, the approximate size of the areas planned to the withdrawal of land and natural resources and the conditions for compensation for damage caused to the environment and land users.
1.7. The survey program should be drawn up by the management of the survey department with the involvement of the authors of the sections of the project on the basis of the design assignment issued by the customer with the maximum use of available topographic and geodetic materials, as well as materials from previously completed engineering surveys and other information about the natural conditions of the survey area. The survey program must be approved by the chief engineer (author) of the project.
With small volumes of surveys (worth up to 2 thousand rubles) carried out for individual buildings and structures, it is allowed to draw up a short prescription instead of the program.
The integrated survey program is subject to approval by the chief engineer of the design and survey organization and agreement with the customer.
1.8. The initial data for the development of a program of engineering and geodetic surveys are:
assignment of the customer for the design of the object; the deadlines for the submission of the project established by the assignment for the design;
materials of office tracing and design according to competitive options;
materials of geodetic knowledge of the survey area: natural conditions in the area of field work, determining, for a given start and end date of work, the most rational duration of the field season and the time for performing special types of work and observations.
1.9. The survey program should be compiled for the entire complex of surveys for each design stage. In cases where the assignment for the development of a project (working draft) provides for the implementation of construction in stages, the program of engineering and geodetic surveys is drawn up for the first stage of construction.
With the duration of the construction of an object or its turn up to two years, the program of engineering and geodetic surveys for the development of working documentation should be drawn up in a volume that ensures the development of documentation for the object as a whole. With a construction duration of more than two years, the scope of the survey and the timing of the submission of materials should be set in the survey program.
1.10. The research program should contain:
general information - the name of the survey object, the design stage and the objectives of the survey, the administrative affiliation of the survey area;
data to justify the types, volumes and methods of work - the purpose of the designed structure, the main technical parameters and other data that determine the scope of survey work; a brief physical and geographical description of the survey area based on survey materials, cartographic materials and literary sources; basic information about the development of the road network and other types of means of communication, means of communication, economic development of the area; knowledge of the survey area and analysis of the available funds of materials, previously performed survey, search and research work, assessment of the completeness, reliability and degree of suitability of the available materials;
goals and objectives of the survey - the composition and scope of field and cameral work; substantiation of volumes, methodology and requirements for the production of each type of work; organization of work; accepted system of coordinates and heights; technological sequence, planned duration and timing of the survey; the procedure for obtaining approvals, the system of technical control and acceptance of work;
provision of surveys - the need for geodetic instruments, equipment, external and internal transport, including the rental of special vehicles, the necessary volumes of construction of temporary structures;
environmental protection - a list of measures and scope of work for environmental protection in the course of surveys;
safety precautions and industrial sanitation - features of the application of the current rules at this survey site and the rationale for the additional amount of work required to ensure safety and compliance with industrial hygiene standards when performing survey work;
list of submitted materials.
The research program must be accompanied by:
a copy of the customer's task for the design of the facility; plan or scheme of the object with plotted route options and indication of survey boundaries and topographic survey areas;
data on the geodetic knowledge of the survey area.
1.11. The survey program should not only provide for measures and work to preserve the environment and exclude its pollution directly in the process of engineering and geodetic surveys of railways and roads, but also provide the opportunity to obtain, in combination with engineering-geological and engineering-hydrometeorological surveys, data and information necessary to make a forecast of changes in the natural environment under the influence of the construction and operation of the designed structures, as well as to establish measures for the protection of the natural environment and determine, taking into account this factor, the cost of construction.
The composition and content of sections of the survey program and annexes to it are detailed in each specific case in accordance with the technical specifications of the customer and depending on the design stage and types (objects) of construction.
1.12. The requirements and methodology for the production of engineering and geodetic surveys of railways and highways, established by the survey program, should provide for the automation of topographic and geodetic work and office processing of materials. At the same time, modern geodetic instruments (electronic tacheometers and light range finders), means of automated registration of measurement results and computer technology should be used to the maximum.
1.13. The survey program should provide for such a volume of aerial photography that its materials can be used at subsequent stages of design. To reduce the aerial photography strip and prevent the route from going beyond its limits, aerial photography routes should be designed after cameral tracing using topographic maps at a scale of 1:25000 or 1:10000 (if they are available for the survey area).
The scale of aerial photography is assigned depending on the scale of engineering and topographic plans compiled on its basis and stereophotogrammetric instruments available to design and survey institutes.
1.14. The terms of reference for the production of aerial photography carried out by special units of the Ministry of Civil Aviation (MGA of the USSR), as well as for the performance of topographic and geodetic work on the territory of cities by engineering and construction survey trusts and other specialized organizations, must be signed by the chief engineer (author) of the project, the head of the lead department and approved by the chief engineer of the design and survey institute.
1.15. Engineering and geodetic surveys of new railways and roads should be carried out with permits obtained in accordance with the procedure established by SNiP 1.02.07-87 and the Instruction on State Geodetic Supervision.
Engineering and geodetic surveys for the design of the second (third, fourth) tracks, expansion (reconstruction) of existing railways, railway stations and nodes within the right of way of the railway are carried out according to permits obtained from the railway departments of the Ministry of Railways of the USSR.
1.16. A design decision that affects the interests of an organization must be agreed with this organization during the survey.
The implementation of approvals by designers in the process of engineering and geodetic surveys should be taken into account in the survey program.
Approval documents must be drawn up in the form of text and graphic documents (acts, protocols, certificates, letters, conclusions, decisions, inscriptions on plans, diagrams, etc.). These documents should contain the subjects of approval, the requirements of the coordinating organization, the location of structures, technical conditions for reorganization, etc., as well as the name of the coordinating organization, the date of approval, positions and names of the coordinating persons, certified by the seal of the organization.
1.17. Metrological support of geodetic measuring instruments in the production of engineering and geodetic surveys of railways and roads should be provided by departmental metrological services in accordance with the requirements of state standards.
1.18. The organization performing survey work is responsible for the production of engineering and geodetic surveys in accordance with the program and on time, the completeness and quality of the submitted materials. Responsibility, rights and obligations of officials performing survey work are established by the relevant official positions approved by the management of the design and survey organization.
2. COMPOSITION AND VOLUME OF ENGINEERING AND GEODETIC
RESEARCH
New railways and roads
Surveys for pre-project documentation

2.1. During the production of engineering and geodetic surveys for the development of a feasibility study (FER), a set of works must be performed to ensure the receipt of topographic and geodetic materials and data necessary for choosing a direction and route, developing basic design solutions and technical and economic indicators, including determining the estimated cost construction of the planned railway or highway, as well as for the production of other types of engineering surveys.
2.2. The preparatory stage of the survey should include:
obtaining topographic maps and plans for the survey area, materials from aerial and space photography, as well as survey materials from previous years;
collection and study of stock, literary and specialized materials characterizing the features of the natural conditions of the survey area;
cameral tracing, evaluation, comparison and selection of competitive route options for the projected road for field surveys, identification of reference and complex (barrier) sections of competing route options;
preliminary coordination of the location of competitive options for the route with the Councils of People's Deputies, through whose territory the projected road passes;

registration of permits for the production of surveys and aerial photography;
organization of field surveys.
2.3. To select the possible directions of the projected railway or highway and determine the boundaries of the survey area, topographic maps at a scale of 1:1000000-1:100000 should be used.
Cameral tracing to select the direction of the projected road should be carried out according to topographic maps at a scale of 1:25000 or plans at a scale of 1:10000 (if they are available for the entire survey area or part of it) using aerial and space photography and other materials collected for the survey area.
2.4. To select the route, develop the main design solutions and determine the estimated cost of building a railway and a highway based on competing options for the route of the designed road, reference and complex (barrier) sections should be identified, on which a topographic survey should be performed on the following scales:
in flat terrain 1:5000-1:2000;
in terrain with rugged terrain and in mountainous areas 1:2000-1:1000.
Reference sections include representative sections, the construction conditions of which (according to engineering and geological characteristics, hydrological regime, etc.) can be extended to other similar sections of the route.
The length of the reference section should not be less than 10 km.
Difficult (barrier) areas include:
places of distribution of geological processes, phenomena and formations that can have a significant impact on the choice of design solutions, technology, construction time and cost, the operational regime of road structures and their complexes (landslide slopes, clamps, screes, mudflows, areas of development of modern karst, underground ice , large icing, deep extended swamps, etc.);
sections of the route at the intersections of large lakes, sea bays, reservoirs, etc.;
large and out-of-class bridge crossings;
tunnels;
sections of the route near large settlements and industrial facilities.
2.5. Field surveys should include:
reconnaissance of competitive route options;
aerial photography, vertical reference and interpretation of aerial photographs according to the options adopted for field surveys;
creation of a survey justification and ground topographic survey of reference and complex (barrier) areas at a scale of 1:5000-1:1000 in cases where aerial photography is not provided for by the survey program (
identification of communications and other facilities subject to reconstruction or demolition in connection with the construction of the road;

For the development of a feasibility study (TER) in simple natural conditions, it is allowed, with appropriate justification in the survey program, to carry out engineering and geodetic surveys without field topographic and geodetic work.
2.6. In the process of reconnaissance of competitive options for the directions of the projected road, the compliance of the topographic materials used for cameral tracing with the current state of the relief and situation should be checked, the position and boundaries of the sections where topographic and geodetic work and surveys are required should be clarified.
2.7. In case of aerial topographic survey on competitive route options, ground topographic and geodetic work should include a plan-altitude substantiation and field interpretation of aerial photographs, taking into account the possible use of aerial photographic materials at subsequent design stages.
When conducting surveys by ground methods, survey justification and tacheometric survey on a scale of 1: 5000-1 1000 are performed only on reference and complex (barrier) areas.
The width of the tacheometric survey strip along the route is set in the survey program depending on the specific conditions and should not exceed, as a rule, 300 m.
2.8. The cameral stage of the survey should include the processing of field materials and the preparation of reporting documents provided for by the survey program.
Reporting documents include:
engineering and topographic plans of reference and complex (barrier) sections of the route;
longitudinal profiles according to route options;
lists of coordinates and heights of survey substantiation points (planned-altitude substantiation of aerial photographs);
documents of preliminary coordination of route options with the Councils of People's Deputies; technical report on the work performed.
Research for the project

2.9. During the production of engineering and geodetic surveys for the project, a set of works must be performed to ensure the receipt of topographic and geodetic materials and data necessary for finalizing and detailing the design decisions adopted in the feasibility study (TER), clarifying the main technical and economic indicators and calculating the cost of construction of the planned railway or highway, as well as for the production of other types of engineering surveys.
2.10. The preparatory stage of the survey should include:
analysis of feasibility study materials (TER);
identification and tracing of local options and sub-options of the route within the direction of the projected road, adopted in the feasibility study (TER), their assessment, comparison and selection of route options for field surveys;
drawing up a survey program and contractual documentation;
execution (extension) of permits for the production of surveys and aerial photography;
organization of field surveys.
2.11. For tracing of local options and sub-options of the route, as a rule, engineering and topographic plans of scales 1:5000-1:1000, drawn up during the development of the feasibility study (TER), should be used.
2.12. The field stage of the survey should include:
reconnaissance of route options;
aerial photography (if it was not carried out during surveys for the development of a feasibility study);
vertical reference and interpretation of aerial photographs;
creation of a survey justification and ground topographic surveys in those sections of the route where the scale of previous surveys does not meet the design requirements, and aerial photography is not performed, as well as topographic surveys of sections of individual design of subgrades, medium and large bridge crossings, sites for quarries of building materials, etc. P.;
field tracing (removal of the route in nature);
topographic survey of the intersections of all underground and above-ground communications;
geodetic support of other types of engineering surveys.
2.13. Reconnaissance of route options should provide:
identification of the conformity of real natural conditions with those adopted in cameral tracing and evaluation of route options;
clarification of areas where it is necessary to conduct detailed surveys;
clarification of the volumes and technology of performing topographic and geodetic works provided for by the survey program.
Reconnaissance should be carried out on all options subject to field surveys.
The reconnaissance must be ground based and carried out along the entire length of the variants.
Aerovisual reconnaissance is allowed only for general familiarization with the area.
2.14. The scale of topographic surveys should be set depending on the characteristics of the survey areas and the types of structures being designed according to Table. 1. The height of the relief section by contour lines is taken in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 1.02.07-87.
Table 1
Characteristics of the survey site (structure)
Shooting scale
Railway and highway route:

1:5000-1:2000
in difficult mountain conditions
1:2000-1:1000
in built-up area
1:1000-1:500
in areas with reclaimed land or with valuable crops
1:2000-1:1000
Railway junctions
1:5000-1:1000
Railway stations
1:1000-1:500
Traveling to hauls
1:2000-1:500
Sites for small artificial structures:

In flat and rough terrain
1:1000
on slopes
1:500
Medium and large bridge crossings
1:1000
Portal sections of tunnels
1:1000
Sites for service and technical buildings, residential settlements, water supply, sewerage facilities, etc.
1:1000-1:500
Intersections with roads of all categories, pipelines, overhead power lines and communications
1:1000-1:500
Ground pits and quarries of local building materials
1:2000
2.15. The boundaries and areas of areas subject to topographic survey should be established in the survey program, taking into account the needs of other types of engineering surveys.
The width of the strip of terrain along the route of a new railway or highway, subject to ground topographic survey, should ensure the design of the subgrade, artificial structures, road facilities, drainage systems, forest protection strips, longitudinal communication lines and power supply, and, if necessary, the road by the road.
The width of the tacheometric survey strip should be taken in accordance with the requirements of clause 2.7.
2.16. Field tracing (layout of the route in nature) should be performed, if necessary, in areas of individual design of the subgrade, as well as for geodetic support of detailed engineering-geological and engineering-hydrometeorological surveys.
2.17. Cross-sectional profile surveys and topographic surveys of individual areas of the terrain (sites for small artificial structures, etc.) should be carried out from the route laid in kind.
Cross profiles should be removed:
in areas of individual design of subgrade on slopes steeper than 1:5;
in the presence of nearby existing objects (
in the case when the subgrade will cover heterogeneous areas of the terrain (the route runs at the foot of the slope, along the edge of the swamp, etc.);
under difficult conditions for organizing a longitudinal drainage system (bypasses, etc.);
on sites for separate points.
The width of the strip of terrain removed from the route by transverse profiles should be assigned taking into account the design of longitudinal power supply, communication lines, roadside road, protective forest plantations, etc.
2.18. The cameral stage of research should include the processing of field materials and the preparation of reports ...

"Manual for the production of topographic-geodesic and aerogeodetic works in the survey of new railways" (M., Orgtransstroy, 1973);

"Guidelines for the preparation of large-scale plans for railway stations and spans based on aerial photography. GKINP-02-184-84" (M., TsNIIS, 1985);

* "Construction of new railways and highways, second (third, fourth) tracks, expansion (reconstruction) of existing railways, railway stations and junctions of the general railway network of the USSR, as well as external access railways and access roads" hereinafter referred to as "construction of railways and highways".

These standards do not apply to engineering and geodetic surveys for the design of the construction of internal access railways and highways of industrial enterprises.

1.1. Engineering and geodetic surveys for the design of construction * of railways and roads should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 1.02.07-87 **, state standards and these norms, taking into account the requirements of regulatory and technical acts of the Main Directorate of Geodesy and Cartography under the Council of Ministers of the USSR ( GUGK USSR) and the USSR State Committee for Nature Protection.

1.2. Engineering and geodetic surveys should ensure the receipt of topographic and geodetic materials and data necessary for the development of:

To perform aerial photography and topographic and geodetic work, a design and survey organization - a general designer may subcontract specialized and other organizations.

Topographic survey of the area at a scale of 1:5000-1:500, including survey of underground and above-ground structures and communications, intersections of power lines (TL), communication lines (LS) and main pipelines;

Special works (surveying the plan of the existing railway track, longitudinal and transverse profiles, external measurements of buildings, structures and devices, coordinating the main elements of structures, determining the total and useful lengths of railway tracks at stations, the dimensions of the approximations of buildings, types of rails, etc.);

1.5. The work performed during engineering and geodetic surveys of railways and roads should be carried out, as a rule, in three stages: preparatory, field and cameral.

Developed TsNIIS of the Ministry of Transport of the USSR with the participation of Mosgiprotrans and Soyuzdorproekt.

Contributed TsNIIS Ministry of Transport of the USSR.

Prepared for approval Main Scientific and Technical Directorate of the USSR Ministry of Transport.

With the entry into force of VSN 208-89 "Engineering and geodetic surveys of railways and highways" become invalid:

“Instruction on the production of topographic-geodesic and airborne geodetic works in the survey of new railways” (M. Orgtransstroy, 1973);

“Guidelines for Topographic Survey of Railway Stations and Junctions. GKINP-02-147-81” (Moscow, TsNIIS, 1982);

“Instruction for the production of aerial photo-topographic works during surveys of railways. GKINP-02-172-83” (Moscow, TsNIIS, 1984);

“Guidelines for the preparation of large-scale plans for railway stations and spans based on aerial photography. GKINP-02-184-84” (Moscow, TsNIIS, 1985);

“Guidelines for the production of topographic and geodetic works on surveys of the second routes. GKINP-02-200-85” (Moscow, TsNIIS, 1986).

Approved by Gosstroy of the USSR, GUGK of the USSR, GUPiKS of the Ministry of Railways of the USSR, GUPiKS of the Ministry of Transport of the USSR.

All-Union Order of the October Revolution

Research Institute

transport construction, 1990

These standards do not apply to engineering and geodetic surveys for the design of the construction of internal access railways and highways of industrial enterprises.

1. GENERAL PROVISIONS

* “Construction of new railways and highways, second (third, fourth) tracks, expansion (reconstruction) of existing railways, railway stations and nodes of the general railway network of the USSR, as well as external access railways and access roads” hereinafter referred to as "construction of railways and highways".

** “Engineering and geodetic surveys for construction design” are hereinafter referred to as “engineering and geodetic surveys”.

1.2. Engineering and geodetic surveys should ensure the receipt of topographic and geodetic materials and data necessary for the development of:

pre-project documentation - feasibility studies (feasibility study) and feasibility studies (FEA) for the construction of railways and highways;

projects (working projects) for the construction of railways and highways;

working documentation for the construction of railways and highways.

To perform aerial photography and topographic and geodetic works, the design and survey organization - the general designer may subcontract specialized and other organizations.

The composition of engineering and geodetic surveys includes:

collection and analysis of available topographic and geodetic materials for the area (section) of surveys;

cameral tracing and selection of competitive options for design solutions for field surveys and surveys;

creation of a planned high-rise geodetic base;

topographic survey of the area on a scale of 1:5000 - 1:500, including survey of underground and above-ground structures and communications, intersections of power lines (TL), communication lines (LS) and main pipelines;

field tracing of linear structures;

geodetic support of engineering-geological and engineering-hydrometeorological surveys;

drawing up and reproduction of engineering and topographic plans, creation of digital terrain models (DTM).

1.5. The work performed during engineering and geodetic surveys of railways and roads should be carried out, as a rule, in three stages: preparatory, field and cameral.

The “program of engineering and geodetic surveys” is hereinafter referred to as the “program of surveys”.

The customer (at his request) is given a technical report with attachments. The bodies that performed the registration of the work are provided with a cartogram of the work performed.

With small volumes of surveys (worth up to 2 thousand rubles) carried out for individual buildings and structures, it is allowed to draw up a short prescription instead of the program.

The integrated survey program is subject to approval by the chief engineer of the design and survey organization and agreement with the customer.

1.8. The initial data for the development of a program of engineering and geodetic surveys are:

assignment of the customer for the design of the object; the deadlines for the submission of the project established by the assignment for the design;

materials of office tracing and design according to competitive options;

materials of geodetic knowledge of the survey area: natural conditions in the area of field work, determining, for a given start and end date of work, the most rational duration of the field season and the time for performing special types of work and observations.

With the duration of the construction of an object or its turn up to two years, the program of engineering and geodetic surveys for the development of working documentation should be drawn up in a volume that ensures the development of documentation for the object as a whole. If the construction duration is more than two years, the scope of surveys and the timing of the submission of materials must be established in the survey program.

1.10. The research program should contain:

general information - the name of the survey object, the design stage and the tasks of the survey, the administrative affiliation of the survey area;

providing surveys - the need for geodetic instruments, equipment, external and internal transport, including the rental of special vehicles, the necessary volumes of construction of temporary structures;

environmental protection - a list of measures and scope of work for environmental protection in the course of surveys;

safety precautions and industrial sanitation - features of the application of the current rules at this survey site and the rationale for the additional amount of work required to ensure safety and comply with industrial sanitation standards when performing survey work;

list of submitted materials.

The research program must be accompanied by:

a copy of the customer's task for the design of the facility; plan or scheme of the object with plotted route options and indication of survey boundaries and topographic survey areas;

data on the geodetic knowledge of the survey area.

1.16. A design decision that affects the interests of an organization must be agreed with this organization during the survey.

The implementation of approvals by designers in the process of engineering and geodetic surveys should be taken into account in the survey program.

1.18. The organization performing survey work is responsible for the production of engineering and geodetic surveys in accordance with the program and on time, the completeness and quality of the submitted materials. Responsibility, rights and obligations of officials performing survey work are established by the relevant official positions approved by the management of the design and survey organization.

2. COMPOSITION AND VOLUME OF ENGINEERING AND GEODETIC

RESEARCH

New railways and roads

2.2. The preparatory stage of the survey should include:

obtaining topographic maps and plans for the survey area, materials from aerial and space photography, as well as survey materials from previous years;

collection and study of stock, literary and specialized materials characterizing the features of the natural conditions of the survey area;

preliminary coordination of the location of competitive options for the route with the Councils of People's Deputies, through whose territory the projected road passes;

2.3. To select the possible directions of the projected railway or highway and determine the boundaries of the survey area, topographic maps at a scale of 1:1000000-1:100000 should be used.

in flat terrain 1:5000-1:2000;

in terrain with rugged terrain and in mountainous areas 1:2000-1:1000.

The length of the reference section should not be less than 10 km.

Difficult (barrier) areas include:

sections of the route at the intersections of large lakes, sea bays, reservoirs, etc.;

large and out-of-class bridge crossings;

sections of the route near large settlements and industrial facilities.

2.5. Field surveys should include:

reconnaissance of competitive route options;

aerial photography, vertical reference and interpretation of aerial photographs according to the options adopted for field surveys;

identification of communications and other facilities subject to reconstruction or demolition in connection with the construction of the road;

When conducting surveys by ground methods, survey justification and tacheometric survey on a scale of 1: 5000-1 1000 are performed only on reference and complex (barrier) areas.

The width of the tacheometric survey strip along the route is set in the survey program depending on the specific conditions and should not exceed, as a rule, 300 m.

2.8. The cameral stage of the survey should include the processing of field materials and the preparation of reporting documents provided for by the survey program.

engineering and topographic plans of reference and complex (barrier) sections of the route;

longitudinal profiles according to route options;

lists of coordinates and heights of survey substantiation points (planned-altitude substantiation of aerial photographs);

documents of preliminary coordination of route options with the Councils of People's Deputies;

Research for the project

2.10. The preparatory stage of the survey should include:

analysis of feasibility study materials (TER);

drawing up a survey program and contractual documentation;

2.11. For tracing of local options and sub-options of the route, as a rule, engineering and topographic plans of scales 1:5000-1:1000, drawn up during the development of the feasibility study (TER), should be used.

2.12. The field stage of the survey should include:

reconnaissance of route options;

aerial photography (if it was not carried out during surveys for the development of a feasibility study);

vertical reference and interpretation of aerial photographs;

field tracing (removal of the route in nature);

topographic survey of the intersections of all underground and above-ground communications;

geodetic support of other types of engineering surveys.

2.13. Reconnaissance of route options should provide:

identification of the conformity of real natural conditions with those adopted in cameral tracing and evaluation of route options;

clarification of areas where it is necessary to conduct detailed surveys;

clarification of the volumes and technology of performing topographic and geodetic works provided for by the survey program.

Reconnaissance should be carried out on all options subject to field surveys.

The reconnaissance must be ground based and carried out along the entire length of the variants.

Aerovisual reconnaissance is allowed only for general familiarization with the area.

Table 1

Characteristics of the survey site (structure)	Shooting scale
Railway and highway route:
	1:5000-1:2000
in difficult mountain conditions	1:2000-1:1000
in built-up area	1:1000-1:500
in areas with reclaimed land or with valuable crops	1:2000-1:1000
Railway junctions	1:5000-1:1000
Railway stations	1:1000-1:500
Traveling to hauls	1:2000-1:500
Sites for small artificial structures:
in flat and rough terrain	1:1000
on slopes	1:500
Medium and large bridge crossings	1:1000
Portal sections of tunnels	1:1000
Sites for service and technical buildings, residential settlements, water supply, sewerage facilities, etc.	1:1000-1:500
Intersections with roads of all categories, pipelines, overhead power lines and communications	1:1000-1:500
Ground pits and quarries of local building materials	1:2000

2.15. The boundaries and areas of areas subject to topographic survey should be established in the survey program, taking into account the needs of other types of engineering surveys.

The width of the tacheometric survey strip should be taken in accordance with the requirements of clause 2.7.

2.17. Cross-sectional profile surveys and topographic surveys of individual areas of the terrain (sites for small artificial structures, etc.) should be carried out from the route laid in kind.

Cross profiles should be removed:

in areas of individual design of subgrade on slopes steeper than 1:5;

in the presence of nearby existing facilities;

in the case when the subgrade will cover heterogeneous areas of the terrain (the route runs at the foot of the slope, along the edge of the swamp, etc.);

under difficult conditions for organizing a longitudinal drainage system (bypasses, etc.);

on sites for separate points.

2.18. The cameral stage of the survey should include the processing of field materials and the preparation of reporting documents provided for by the survey program.

Reporting documents include:

route plan indicating all options, main passages and routes of previous surveys;

engineering and topographic plans of the strip of terrain along the options for the route and sites for the design of bridges, stations, settlements, etc.;

longitudinal and transverse profiles according to route options;

survey materials of underground and above-ground communications intersected by the road route;

sheets of coordinates and heights of points of survey justification, approval certificates (in accordance with the survey program);

technical report on the work performed.

2.20. During the production of engineering and geodetic surveys, a set of works must be performed to ensure the receipt of topographic and geodetic materials and data necessary for the development of working drawings for all sections of the project, linking individual typical structures to the terrain and compiling local estimates for construction projects.