Treatment of inflammation of the appendages in women

Gynecologists around the world note that recently the most common disease among the female population is adnexitis or salpingo-oophoritis. In other words, it is an inflammation of the appendages - the ovaries and fallopian tubes. The causative agents of this disease are not only pathogenic or conditionally pathogenic microflora (gonococci and streptococci), but also certain living conditions.

Doctors emphasize that one of the causes of inflammation of the appendages is reduced immunity. Frequent stress, problems at work, and physical activity affect the overall health of a woman. This suppresses the immune system, thereby creating favorable conditions for the development of various inflammatory processes, including adnexitis.

Types of inflammation

An inflammatory process called adnexitis most often occurs due to the spread of pathogenic bacteria in the genitals. Pathogenic microbes, getting into the fallopian tube, spread further to the ovaries. At the same time, edema is formed immediately - the pipe lengthens and thickens.

Cause inflammation of the appendages:

• specific microorganisms, which include causative agents of sexually transmitted diseases;
• non-specific, these include various streptococcal, staphylococcal, enterobacteria, etc.

Microbes infiltrate the walls of the ovaries and fallopian tube, forming serous (inflammatory fluid with a high content of leukocytes). It violates the integrity of the epithelial cover of the uterine walls and, as a result, solders them with the ovaries, forming a single inflammation. Adnexitis in severe form can be purulent.

Inflammation of the appendages is classified according to several criteria - by formation, by localization and by the nature of the course. We will review these classifications below.

Acute, chronic and unspecified

Spicy adnexitis usually develops rapidly with pronounced symptoms. The body temperature rises to 39-40 degrees, there are also strong sharp pains in the lower third of the abdomen, which can spread to the entire peritoneum. Also, acute inflammation is divided into subforms - toxic and septic.

Chronic adnexitis not strong pulling pains in the lower abdomen are characteristic. The temperature can rise to 37-38. After 7-10 days it subsides before the next relapse.

unspecified adnexitis may be completely asymptomatic. It is revealed quite by accident, for example, when contacting a gynecologist for a completely different reason.

Single sided and double sided

Unilateral adnexitis- this is an inflammatory process of the appendages, occurring either on the right or on the left side. According to statistics, left-sided is more often found.

Bilateral adnexitis- a process in which both parties are affected by the infection. It is the most severe form of the disease and requires immediate medical attention.

secondary or primary

Primary- an independent disease in which the infection enters the appendages along one of the paths and is localized there. This may be an infection introduced from outside or conditionally pathogenic microflora, subject to reduced immunity.

Secondary is an inflammation that develops on the basis of other diseases. For example, the infection passes from nearby organs in which pathological processes occur, such as appendicitis or enteritis.

Serous or purulent

Serous adnexitis characterized by the fact that there is an accumulation of serous fluid in a large volume, which leads to swelling and inflammation of the appendages. Fluid accumulates in the cavity of the uterus and fallopian tubes and prevents the normal outflow of fluid into the vagina.

Purulent adnexitis accumulation of purulent fluid or purulent formations is characteristic. A purulent formation is dangerous because it can open up and lead to peritonitis. This condition requires immediate consultation and treatment.

Causes

The main causes of inflammation of the pelvic organs are, of course, pathogenic and opportunistic organisms, as well as various inflammations in the body and reduced immunity. Often, various fungal infections, especially of the genus Candida, become the causative agents of inflammation, or a mixed infection is detected.

Below is a list of the most common infections leading to inflammation of the appendages in women:

There are several ways of penetration of pathogenic microflora. These include the following.

Ascending. The infection enters the uterus from the vagina, into the tubes, and then into the ovaries. In other words, it is called urinogenic. This is the most common route of infection.

Descending (lymphogenic). The infection enters the appendages due to the existing inflammation of nearby organs in the abdominal cavity with lymph outflow.

Hematogenous. The infection enters with the blood stream. For example, diseases such as tonsillitis, tonsillitis, caries contribute to the occurrence of adnexitis.

Knowing the ways of infection, it is possible to prevent further harmful consequences.

Risk factors that provoke inflammation of the appendages

Experts in the field of gynecology say that at the present time, when there are practically no moral restrictions, adnexitis and a number of other diseases, especially sexually transmitted diseases, are haunting modern society.

Factors that provoke inflammation of the appendages:

• unprotected intercourse;
• Frequent change of partners or relationship with a partner who has several of them;
• Abortions and childbirth with complications;
• Sexual infections in the past;
• hypothermia;
• Stress and depression;
• Intrauterine contraception;
• Non-compliance with intimate hygiene;
• Non-standard sexual intercourse;
• Cervical erosion;
• SARS and ARI.

Symptoms

Often women confuse the symptoms of inflammation of the appendages with symptoms of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract or appendicitis. They try to relieve the pain syndrome with the help of various analgesics or endure pain, which can lead to complications. For any ailment, you should contact a specialist to establish an accurate diagnosis and treatment.

Symptoms of inflammation of the appendages differ depending on the nature of the course of the disease.

Ostroy Adnexitis is characterized by pronounced symptoms:

• an increase in body temperature up to 40 degrees;
• sharp sharp pain in the lower abdomen, which can spread throughout the abdominal cavity and radiate to the lumbar region;
• general lethargy, headaches and nausea;
• various discharges from the vagina, both watery or cheesy, and purulent with a sharp unpleasant odor;
• there may be blood impurities.

At chronic the course of the disease:

• a short-term increase in temperature to 37-38 degrees, accompanied by mild pulling pains in the lower abdomen;
• violation of the menstrual cycle;
• various concomitant diseases of the urinary-genital system: cystitis, urethritis, pyelonephritis, etc.

Unrevealed adnexitis is almost asymptomatic, in an erased form. Usually nothing to worry about. It depends on the state of the immune system and the type of pathogen. The main danger is the transition to a chronic form, since a woman does not seek medical help.

With any form of adnexitis, the most severe consequences can be infertility, ectopic pregnancy and purulent complications that require immediate surgery, which can lead to the removal of the fallopian (fallopian) tubes.

Diagnostics

Diseases of the pelvic organs are characterized by a long course with relapses and are not always treatable. If you do not pay attention to the symptoms of inflammation of the appendages in time, this can lead to infertility and ovarian dysfunction.

It should be noted that the risk group includes women aged 16 to 30. This is due to the active period of sexual activity, as well as general living conditions.

If symptoms of inflammation of the appendages appear, you should consult a therapist. After the survey is assigned:

• Gynecological examination;
• Ultrasound examination of the pelvic organs;
• transvaginal examination;
• General blood analysis;
• General urine analysis;
• A smear to detect pathogenic microflora.

If the information obtained is insufficient, the underlying cause of the disease is not clear, or there are any comorbidities that are not compatible with the standard treatment regimen for inflammation of the appendages, the attending physician may order additional tests.

Treatment Methods

The treatment regimen is selected by a specialist individually, depending on the form of the disease and the presence of concomitant diseases.

Basically, women undergo complex treatment, since in most cases, the causative agent of the infection is not detected alone. Complex treatment means not only the destruction of the infection that caused inflammation, but also the treatment of diseases of adjacent abdominal organs or other diseases that were the root cause.

There are several approaches to the treatment of inflammation of the appendages:

• Medical;
• Physiotherapy;
• Surgical;
• Alternative.

Gynecologists categorically do not recommend self-medication, especially when it comes to the selection of medicines. An ineffective method can lead to a chronic course of the disease. In order for the treatment to be effective and not lead to relapses, it is recommended that both partners be examined, since the causative agent may be a genital tract infection.

Medication treatment

The most common treatment for inflammation of the appendages with timely treatment is medication. Treatment with a single drug is used very rarely. Basically, a combination of several drugs is prescribed, and sometimes, in combination, physiotherapy.

First of all, an antibiotic is selected to destroy the pathogenic flora. Commonly used groups include:

• Penicillins;
• Fluoroquinolines;
• macrolides;
• Aminoglycosides;
• Nitroimidazoles;
• Lincosamides.

Also, along with an antibiotic, analgesics, antipyretics, antihistamines and immunomodulators can be prescribed. Douching, suppositories and vaginal ointments are locally prescribed.

When taking antibiotics, it is necessary to take some kind of probiotic to preserve the normal microflora of the gastrointestinal tract, since dysbacteriosis can also lead to a relapse of inflammation of the appendages.

Consider the most common drugs used as monotherapy in the treatment of adnexitis, depending on the type of infection.

Metronidazole 500 ml

With inflammation of the appendages caused by Trichomonas, 3 p. per day for a week. In severe cases of the disease, 1 gr. per day intravenously. This drug is antibacterial and antiprotozoal. Able to act on the simplest: Trichomonas, Pneumocystis, Toxoplasma, etc.

Erythromycin 500 ml

Chlamydial adnexitis is applied 4 r. a day before meals. This antibiotic belongs to the group of macrolides. Acts bacteriostatically. The spectrum of action includes gram-positive and some gram-negative microorganisms.

Co-trimoxazole 480 ml

With gonococcal inflammation of the appendages - 2 p. in a day. It is a broad-spectrum combined antimicrobial drug.

Tetracycline 250 ml

Doctors often prescribe a combination of drugs, as this is a more effective approach.

ethnoscience

For the treatment of inflammation of the appendages, you can turn to traditional medicine as a natural supplement. But, treatment with folk remedies is used only for the chronic form of adnexitis or as a preventive measure. With an exacerbation, alternative methods will not be effective and may bring the opposite negative result.

Basically, for the treatment of adnexitis, decoctions and infusions of medicinal herbs with anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects are used.

Tampon based on a decoction of chamomile do to eliminate pain symptoms and as an antibacterial agent: 2 tbsp. dry raw chamomile, pour a glass of boiling water. Leave for 1 hour and strain. Store in the refrigerator for no more than 3 days. In the prepared decoction, moisten the swab and insert it into the vagina as deeply as possible. Take out in the morning. The course of treatment is designed for 2 weeks.

Potentilla goose infusion drink in order to remove the inflammatory process from the inside. Prepare it like this: 2 tbsp. dry raw cinquefoil goose pour 2 tbsp. boiling water. Leave for 1 hour and filter. Take orally 1 time per day before meals, 250 ml. The course is designed for 3 weeks.

Kale juice and aloe tampon helps to reduce the symptoms of the inflammatory process and eliminate the sensation of pain and itching. It is necessary to 1 tbsp. aloe juice add 1 tbsp. cabbage juice. Soak a tampon, insert into the vagina before going to bed. Take out in the morning. Carry out the procedure for two weeks.

Oat infusion improves immunity and cleanses the blood, which contributes to the fastest recovery from adnexitis. For half a liter of boiling water, add 2 tbsp. oats, 2 tbsp. peppermint, 3 tbsp. dry birch leaves. Let cool. Add 1 tbsp. honey and lemon juice. Take 100 ml 4-5 r. in a day.

Alternative methods of treating inflammation of the appendages should be consulted after consulting a doctor. With adnexitis, treatment with traditional medicine, excluding medication, will be ineffective.

Prevention

Gynecologists say that if you follow simple rules for maintaining health, you can easily avoid the risk of diseases of the pelvic organs.

Preventive measures include:

• You should strengthen your immunity, not be subjected to stress and stress;
• Eat enough vegetables and fruits, or drink multivitamins;
• Reduce consumption of spicy foods and alcohol;
• Once every six months, any woman needs to visit a gynecologist for a preventive examination;
• Give preference to only protected sexual intercourse;
• Observe the rules of intimate hygiene and do not overcool.

It is also important to treat any gynecological diseases to the end, in order to avoid inflammatory processes in the pelvic organs.