Soil quicksand what foundation. When the ground slips from under your feet. What to do with quicksand on the site. Quicksand under the foundation. Quicksands are true and false

True quicksand

Often, silty sands and sandy loams saturated with water, containing a large number of very small particles (clay and colloidal), which begin to play the role of a lubricant between large soil particles, often exhibit quicksand properties. Due to the presence of clayey and smaller colloidal particles, these soils have hydrophilic properties and give little water. Even with a small hydraulic gradient, they go into a free-flowing state and move with water into the workings. The filtration coefficient of such soils is usually less than 0.5 m/day.

When freezing, the true quicksand undergoes strong heaving, weakly filters water. As it dries, it becomes cohesive. Microorganisms play an important role in the formation of true quicksand.

False quicksand

False quicksand - fine porous sand saturated with water. Since the reservoir is at a depth, the water in the pores of the quicksand is under pressure greater than atmospheric pressure. During the opening, the reservoir is exposed, and water under pressure enters the pit and carries sand with it.

The floating properties of soils are manifested in the presence of hydrodynamic pressure in underground water, which arises as a result of the development of a hydraulic gradient. The hydraulic gradient occurs when aquifers are exposed.

Literature

• Stroyizdat, Leningrad branch. 1988. Soil mechanics. ISBN 5-274-00374-5.

see also

Links

• TSB Quicksand. - article in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia.

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See what "Quicksand" is in other dictionaries:

Quicksand, swim, etc., see swim. Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary. IN AND. Dal. 1863 1866 ... Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary

Soil, sediment, floater Dictionary of Russian synonyms. quicksand n., number of synonyms: 4 soil (12) deposit ... Synonym dictionary

Loose soil saturated with water. As a result of the pressure of the overlying strata and other mechanical influences, the quicksand passes into a fluid state. Source: Dictionary of architectural construction terms layer of loose, usually sandy, soil, saturated ... ... Construction dictionary

Quicksand- loose soil saturated with water. As a result of the pressure of the overlying strata and other mechanical influences, the quicksand passes into a fluid state ... Builder's Dictionary

Quicksand, loose rock saturated with water, capable of flowing under the influence of its own weight or small loads. Represents a serious danger in underground mining. Protection measures: special shields, caissons, freezing, etc… Modern Encyclopedia

Loose deposits saturated with water, capable of passing into a fluid state as a result of pressure from the overlying strata and other mechanical influences. The fight against quicksand comes down to draining them. When driving tunnels, mine workings, etc. ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

- (a. drift sand, floating sand, running sand, quicksand; n. Schwimmsand; f. terrain coulant, sable aquifere; and. arena movedliza, roca pastosa, fluidez de suelo) saturated with water, loose, slightly lithified, ch. arr. sandy rocks, ... ... Geological Encyclopedia

Quicksand, quicksand, husband. Same as floating. Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov. D.N. Ushakov. 1935 1940 ... Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov

Quicksand, a, husband. Muddy, sandy or loamy subsoil, abundant in water. Quicksands. Drying of quicksand. | adj. floating, oh, oh. Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 ... Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov

- (northern) separate, easily bypassed ice floes of floating ice. Samoilov K.I. Marine Dictionary. M. L .: State Naval Publishing House of the NKVMF of the USSR, 1941 ... Marine Dictionary

Very fine, abundantly water-saturated sand with an admixture of clay, which has high mobility. Particle size P. 0.01 0.06 mm; its mobility is the greater, the rounder the grains and the looser the occurrence of P. When building foundations or cutting ... ... Technical railway dictionary

Books

• Stairs. Quicksand, Alexander Zhitinsky. The new work by Alexander Zhitinsky "Quicksnapper" was written as a kind of continuation of the famous story "Ladder", created forty years ago and circulating in samizdat, later ...

A foundation on a quicksand is a building on the ground, which has fluidity. That's where the word "quicksand" comes from. Such plots of land are very fragile and are able to liquefy when exposed to various workings.

Quicksand has a variety of impurities and is saturated with moisture. It is a soil of sand or loose rocks - sandy loam.

Types of quicksand and quicksand properties

Depending on what kind of soil, quicksand shows quicksand properties. They are due to the density of the rock, the size and shape of the particles, the mineral and granulometric composition.

Swimming pools can be:

1. True (clay sands, loams, sandy loams);
2. Pseudo quicksand or false (gravelly sands).

In true quicksand, clay particles have high hydrophilic properties. These soils absorb moisture well and are characterized by the molecular intensity of interaction. When floating, a wet film forms around the particles. The filtration coefficient is minimal (0.005 -0.0001 cm/s).

The true composition can sometimes be determined by external signs. At the bottom of the well, “cement milk” accumulates. The earth, taken from the bottom, spreads into a cake. There is another way to determine the floating ability. Water-sand plugs are being drilled. High porosity will cause the holes to fill with water. The most accurate floating ability can be determined in the laboratory.

With true floating soil, the pit is filled with dirty milky water. Clay gives it this color. When they dry, the clay particles stick together and create a very strong mass.

The floating layer greatly complicates the installation work during construction. During workings, a layer of earth tries to fill the empty space. Creating a closed loop is very hard. If it were possible, the deposition would be a solid foundation. In the event that the floater goes beyond the base area, failures and landslides occur.

Open drainage is dangerous, as this can cause subsidence of the soil.

In false quicksand particles of gravel, as well as sand, do not have structural bonds. They go into a liquefied state from the pressure of water. The water at the bottom will be light, slightly cloudy. False quicksand easily give up water. And when they dry, a loose mass is created from them.

Before you make a house on a quicksand, you need to carefully find out the content of the soil in order to find out the type of floating land, as well as its properties.

Quicksand fight

The fight against a floating layer is a complex process, from which a positive result is not always obtained.

Methods of dealing with the layer:

1. Method of artificial drainage;
2. Creation of sheet piling fences;
3. Transformation of physical properties from quicksand fastening.

Artificial drainage is carried out by open pumping of water. If it is necessary to drain the earth to a depth of 6 meters, wellpoints are used, and to a depth of more than 15 meters, special parts with electric drainage are used.

When fencing with sheet pile walls, they cut the entire layer of quicksand. This allows all the pressure to pass through. A wooden sheet pile is driven to a depth of 5-9 m, and a metal sheet pile is driven to a depth of up to 30 m. If there is a layer of dense soil, it will not be possible to hammer a sheet pile.

The interlayer is fixed by means of cementation, freezing and silicification.

Freezing is an unreliable method. With this method, frosty weather conditions or special installations are used.

Silicization is a very effective method. It consists in pumping liquid glass into the soil.

With true fragile layers, only the following fastenings are used:

• Electrochemical;
• Freezing;
• Fencing.

Floating land is most often located in swampy areas. It is difficult to work in such places. Therefore, the walls are strengthened when a pit or trench is dug. These jobs are mandatory.

Types of foundations on quicksand

The depth of occurrence and the thickness of the fragile layer play a role in choosing the type of construction foundation.

Distinguish:

• strip foundation on soils with a layer of quicksand;
• pile with grillage;
• monolithic.

A shallow base is the most commonly used type for a shallow floating layer. Excess water is removed by drainage. In some cases, the slope of the terrain is used.

For the erection of heavy houses, a monolithic base is used. The plate thickness is calculated in a specific example. The essence of this method lies in the constant pouring of concrete. Reinforcing bars are used in the formwork to give strength to the structure.

If the quicksand under the foundation has a small width, then piles are used under the structure.

At a shallow occurrence, the bulk method is sometimes used. Sand or gravel is brought to the territory and the site is covered. Then the building is erected on this foundation.

During installation work, safety precautions must be observed. The interlayer can manifest itself unpredictably as soon as the layers that held it back are disturbed.

Foundation planning

You can explore the land yourself. To do this, you need to dig the soil with your own hands or drill wells with the help of equipment. If a mushy mixture appears at the bottom in the pit, and you can see how the walls are crawling, this will indicate the presence of a creeper in the soil. For help, you can turn to the owners who have a house nearby and already know the characteristics of the soil.

To determine the exact composition of the sediment in the soil, one will have to turn to specialized studies. And only after that you can start laying the foundation of the house on quicksand.

A pit is being dug, soil is being excavated. If the pit is filled with a large amount of water, then it is pumped out using pumps. If there is little water, then resort to a drainage system.

As soon as the well is dry, it is necessary to immediately thinly concrete the base. Then it is covered with a draining composition (crushed stone, screenings). After these works, everything is concreted. This will prevent subsidence of the soil after the construction of the structure. Within a week, the concrete will harden and you can start waterproofing.

Foundation for a shallow quicksand

If the quicksand lies at a shallow depth of up to 2 meters, then a strip foundation on a quicksand is used for construction.

The construction of the foundation takes place in stages:

• Foundation preparation. Clearing the surface of the soil, digging, arrangement of the drainage system. The pit is dug to a depth of up to a meter, then it is covered with drainage. Everything is filled with water, rammed;
• Laying formwork with a height of not more than half a meter;
• Pouring concrete. Hardening it within a month;
• Carrying out work on waterproofing, insulation of the base.

To calculate a shallow foundation, you need to know the deformation and bearing capacity of the earth.

Pile foundation with grillage on quicksand

Such a foundation of a quicksand house is used in those territorial areas that are often flooded. The pile method with a grillage will allow you to raise the structure to a height of up to 3 meters from the ground. Therefore, during the flood, the first floors are not flooded.

There is a bored and driven way of laying. With the driving method, a construction drill pierces the funnel. Depending on the loads on the building, the required number of pillars is calculated. It is advisable to maintain a distance of up to 1 meter between the pillars.

At a height of more than 2.5 meters, a grillage is laid. Its width should not extend beyond the outer wall by more than 50 cm. The tape is reinforced using long rods. Their size should cover the entire wall.

The pile foundation on quicksand is very reliable and durable. It is also erected in unfavorable geological regions, where there are landslides and karsts.

Features of building a house from foam blocks on a quicksand

Often the house is built of porous artificial stone. The construction of such a house is inexpensive.

The foundation on a quicksand for a house made of foam blocks can be tape and pile. With non-rocky soil, a shallow base is laid. Choose this type to reduce the cost of concrete. It is important that the entire surface of both the tape base and the ends of the pillars are on the same plane.

The blocks have a porous structure, and at the slightest slope they will begin to crack. Depending on which foundation is suitable, the proportion of concrete is calculated. When drilling, earth samples are examined with a frequency of 15 cm. Drilling should be carried out in several places. This will allow you to more accurately determine the location of fragile deposits in the ground.

quicksand called water-saturated loose rocks, usually sands, which, when opened by various mine workings, liquefy, set in motion and behave like a heavy viscous liquid.

Quickening properties, in addition to sands, under certain conditions, silty loams, sandy loams, i.e., rocks with significant porosity, can exhibit.

The main reason for the manifestation of quicksand properties in rocks is hydrodynamic pore water pressure, which is created as a result of a difference (gradient) in groundwater pressure when opening a pit (trenches, etc.). Due to the usually low water permeability of quicksand rocks, the hydraulic gradient causes filtration pressure on the rock particles, causing them to move in the direction of the gradient or, in other words, in the direction of discharge, into the pit. To determine the critical value of the filtration gradient / kr, at which the rock passes into a quicksand state, the formula is recommended

where p is the density of the rock; P- porosity.

In the floating state, the rocks lose all structural bonds. The particles move into a suspended position, i.e. in essence, quicksands have at this moment the density of a certain viscous liquid.

The intensity of quicksand phenomena in rocks depends on the magnitude of the gradient, the granulometric and mineral composition of the particle shape, the density of the rock, and a number of other factors.

Quicksands, which are at rest, weakly give off water and are poorly permeable.

Quicksands are divided into false (pseudo quicksands) and true.

False quicksand- these are rocks that do not have structural bonds, usually in the form of various sands. The transition to the quicksand state occurs under the action of high hydrodynamic pressure of the groundwater flow. The filtration coefficient reaches 1-2 m/day and more. Rock particles are in suspension. The friction between them is reduced to zero. The sands of this type of quicksand swim very easily. The density in the anhydrous state ranges from 1.5 to 1.75 t/m 3 . The water is clear or slightly cloudy. The weighing effect of water under certain conditions is also manifested in the sands of some sea coasts, forming the so-called quicksand sands. Under the action of hydrodynamic pressure, not only sands, but some other loose rocks can pass into suspension.

A characteristic feature of false quicksands is their rather easy return of water. When dried, they form a loose or weakly cemented mass.

True quicksand- these are rocks with coagulation or mixed bonds in the form of clayey sands, as well as sandy loams, loams. Structural bonds are due to the presence of clay (less than 0.001 mm) particles with high hydrophilic properties. The transition to the quicksand state is determined by the low hydrodynamic pressure and the presence of moisture-attracting (hydrophilic) clay particles. Films of bound water form around these particles, which weakens the structural cohesion and reduces the water permeability of the rocks. Filtration coefficient values ​​are very low - from 0.005 to 0.0001 cm/s.

The density of true quicksand in an anhydrous state is 1.8-2.2 t / m 3. Liquefaction of quicksand occurs at a moisture content less than the full capacity. Clay particles paint the water in a grayish-milky color. When dried, true quicksands, due to the gluing action of clay particles, form

rather strongly cemented masses. A characteristic feature of true quicksand is a weak return of water. They "float" mainly due to physically bound water.

There is some evidence (V.V. Radina, 1975) that in true quicksand, on the organics present in them, colonies of microorganisms are developed, the waste products of which contribute to the manifestation of quicksand properties.

In construction practice, it is important to determine the ability of the rock to move into a quicksand state and the type of quicksand. This can be done by a number of external signs and on the basis of laboratory tests.

The tendency of the rock to move into a free-flowing state can be established by the value of water loss, high porosity (more than 43%), by the hydrophilicity of clay particles and other factors. In field conditions, the ability to flowability of rocks is established by the formation of water-sand “plugs” in wells during drilling.

The most difficult to determine the type of quicksand. To do this, it is necessary to study the whole complex of engineering-geological and hydrogeological conditions. You can also use some external signs. So, the true quicksand in the pits gives the accumulation of water in the form of "cement" milk. The sand taken from the pit looks like a low-moisture soil, does not give up water and gradually sinks into a cake.

Quicksands complicate construction. They create great difficulties in driving construction workings, trying to fill the worked-out space. Under the condition of a closed space, quicksands can be reliable bases, but it is difficult to create such a contour. It is possible for quicksands to bulge out from under the foundations, which causes landslides, surface failures, deformation of buildings and structures. Open drainage from pits is dangerous due to the manifestation of suffusion in the surrounding area. Dangerous trimming of the slope, giving way to quicksand. An example is the case with a 100-meter springboard on Sparrow Hills in Moscow. After the ski jump was built, builders began to cut the ground at the bottom of the slope to give it the necessary curvature for skiers to land safely. Quicksands were opened, which quickly filled the recess and flooded the excavator and caused the slope to subside. Quicksand is very sensitive to vibration and dynamic impacts, even at significant distances from the place of disturbance.

The fight against quicksand is difficult and not always the measures taken give the desired results. In such cases, it is necessary to refuse

from pit devices and use a pile version of foundations or do not bring the base of the foundation to a layer of quicksand. In choosing a method of struggle, the appearance of a quicksand is of paramount importance.

All methods of dealing with quicksand can be divided into 3 groups:

• artificial drainage of quicksand during the construction period (open pumping of water from pits, wellpoints, etc.);
• quicksand fencing by creating sheet pile walls (Fig. 164);
• fixing quicksand by changing their physical properties (silicification, cementation, freezing, etc.).

For false quicksand, all methods of struggle are applicable. In the fight against true quicksand, you can use fencing, freezing and electrochemical fastening. When driving underground workings, increased pressure is used to balance the water pressure of the quicksand.

The ability to drain quicksand depends on their filtration coefficient. At to f > 1 m/day pumping of water is carried out from wells; at to f 1.0 ... 0.2 m / day, special installations should be used - wellpoints that allow drainage to a depth of 5-6 m, and with wellpoints of a special configuration - up to 12-15 m and more. At to f

The construction pit can be protected from quicksand sheet piling, whose task is to cut through the layer of quicksand rock and take on its pressure. Driving a wooden sheet pile is limited to a depth of 6-8 m, metal - 20-25 m. In the presence of pebbles and interlayers of dense soils (marls, etc.), it is not possible to immerse the sheet pile.

Rice. 164.

Freezing quicksand is a temporary and unreliable measure. To do this, use either the frosty season, or special refrigeration units. In winter, excavation of pits is carried out in stages, after each period of soil freezing to a depth of 20-30 cm. Artificial freezing is carried out around the pit by circulating CaCl 2 solution cooled to -20-40 ° C in the wells. This creates a zone of frozen permeable soil around the pit.

Silicization- injection of liquid glass into quicksand. This is possible with a sufficiently high water permeability of quicksand (cf > 0.5 m/day). Silicization is costly but highly effective.

The correct and timely application of certain measures to combat quicksand allows you to successfully carry out construction work.

The construction of a foundation on a quicksand is a complex process, since here it is necessary to take into account the specifics of the deep occurrence of soil layers oversaturated with moisture. It is necessary to design construction works in such a way as not to disturb extremely unstable formations.

This special type of soil is based on water and fine sand, this floating mass (which leads to the name) is not suitable for heavy loads. If the foundation is not designed correctly, the house can pretty much sag. There are true and false quicksands.

true origin

Such soil consists of loam, clayey sand, sandy loam, it exhibits high hydrophobic properties. The soil quickly and abundantly absorbs water, the particles are characterized by molecular interaction. Quicksands can be recognized by a specific film that has a minimum degree of purification. To determine the nature of the soil, external signs can be used: “cement milk” appears at the bottom of the well, when a sample is taken from there, the latter immediately blurs. In order to accurately verify the presence of such soil on the site, the sample must be examined in the laboratory.

A hole dug in such a territory will quickly fill with water, moreover, the liquid will have a reddish tint. As it dries, it forms a dense, viscous mass. Such a floating layer can complicate the installation work, since during the construction process the soil is able to penetrate into any recesses. Under such conditions, it is more difficult to form a closed loop.

false origin

The main component in this case is gravel sand. The formations are not as dangerous as in the previous case, since strong molecular bonds are not present in the composition. The liquid that appears at the bottom is usually light, it quickly evaporates, resulting in the formation of a loose mass.

Types of acceptable foundations for quicksand

In such difficult conditions, specialists design tape, slab and pile foundations. Each of the varieties is appropriate in specific situations, which will be discussed below.

Tape

If the quicksand is no deeper than 1.5 m in a slightly heaving type of soil, a shallow strip foundation will be the best solution. In the event that a full-fledged basement is provided for in the building project, the basement is equipped in such a way that it rises above ground level (additional structures cannot be immersed in the soil here).

slab

Such a base is advisable in a wet and heaving area, if the unstable layer is deep enough. The cost of materials and installation work in the case of a slab foundation will be significantly higher compared to a strip foundation. But such a solution is characterized by high stability and impressive operational capabilities.

The second name of the construction technique is a floating base. During frosts and heaving of the soil, such a foundation can withstand serious loads, as it is able to move along with the structure without causing damage to the latter.

pile

If the quicksand is close to the surface, the only safe way out is to install a pile foundation. This option will be appropriate only if there is a dense stable layer under the water-saturated layer. Conditions correspond to wet silty sandy loams, they are extremely difficult to drain, so it is easier to install piles.

Solution advantages:

• versatility - the ability to use in all types of soil;
• the possibility of organizing work without reference to weather conditions;
• high bearing characteristics;
• a limited list of necessary earthworks.

Compared to a strip foundation, the cost of a pile foundation is almost half that.

How to make a foundation on a quicksand: technologies and rules

The erection instructions are completely dependent on the type of foundation chosen, and therefore it is worth providing a detailed guide for each option.

Construction of a strip foundation

After examining the site, drawings of the future structure are drawn up, in which the thickness, dimensions of the segments, and the features of the fill are indicated. The site is cleared of debris and vegetation, leveled, and a foundation pit is laid on it.

To prevent capillary rise of water from below, a horizontal drainage system is introduced. The maximum allowable depth of the pit is 70 cm, a crushed stone pillow is created at the bottom, it is covered with coarse sand on top, moistening and ramming it.

The height of the formwork should correspond to the future plinth, it is made of metal, laminated boards or plastic, it is most convenient to use collapsible variations. The cavity is filled with roofing felt or waterproofing film, reinforcement is performed.

For pouring, high-quality concrete is required; when it is introduced, vibrators are used to get rid of air bubbles. The surface is leveled and left to thicken for at least 26 days. The foundation must be covered with a film to prevent the destructive effects of the sun and precipitation.

When the concrete dries, you can proceed to waterproofing and insulation measures. Next, the pit is covered with sandy soil.

Technology for creating a slab foundation

The design drawing is drawn up taking into account the specifics of the site. The thickness and size of the optimal slab, the method and location of its placement are calculated. The working area is cleared, leveled and covered with a 50-cm layer of rubble. The workpiece is carefully rammed and impregnated with water. The site is marked with a cord and stakes.

Lay underground sections of sewer and water communications. Before pouring the base, all heat-insulating and waterproofing measures are performed. The backfill, consisting of expanded polystyrene and insulation, is laid on the workpiece, it is covered with rolled waterproofing.

The formwork is formed from panel boards or boards with a height of at least 50 cm. The material must be durable, able to withstand heavy loads due to the weight of concrete. The prepared surface is covered with polyethylene so that the joints can be fixed with adhesive tape. Thanks to the film, the concrete solution will remain inside the formwork and will not leak out. Such a plate in case of heaving of the soil will be movable.

Reinforcement is performed using corrugated rods, the diameter of which is in the range of 1.2-1.6 cm. The material is laid in the form of a grid, the joint zones are strengthened with wire. The fittings are laid on plastic guides, it must be completely immersed in the solution.

The formwork is filled with concrete, after leveling it is acted upon by a vibrator. The rule will help straighten the surface. If the weather is dry and warm, the mortar will dry within 3-4 weeks, in cold conditions it will take up to 6 weeks. To prevent wetting, the foundation is covered with polyethylene.

The top layer is removed from the site by about 10 cm, markings are created on it in accordance with the previously drawn up drawing. Depending on the type of quicksand, the future weight and dimensions of the building, the optimal number of piles to be introduced is calculated.

Experts suggest using metal or concrete structures, the first option is most often used. The installation of metal piles is simpler, has a lower cost, moreover, their efficiency and reliability are not inferior to concrete ones. Steel piles are mounted without the involvement of special equipment, all manipulations can be completed in a couple of days.

Screw modifications do not need pre-drilling, in the process of screwing them into the soil there is no risk of flooding, there is no need to pump out water. All penetration points are written in the drawing, special attention is paid to corner zones, sections that form the intersection of walls, load-bearing structures.

The screwing of steel variations can be carried out by 2 workers using a special swivel lever. In the process, the evenness of the introduction is constantly monitored. Concrete piles involve the use of technology.

After a solid layer is reached, the pile is immersed another 1 meter. As necessary, you can build up the structure. To remove excess, you need a grinder. For the introduced piles, at the final stage, a harness is arranged.

Quicksand Precautions

In case of accidental damage to a water-saturated reservoir, there is a high risk of its breakthrough, in which case the foundation pit is likely to flood. The essence of a quicksand resembles a balloon into which water is poured - in a sealed form, the product is not dangerous, but during the break the flow cannot be controlled.

To minimize adverse effects, it is necessary to adhere to the recommendations of professionals:

• strengthen with the help of wooden shields the slopes of trenches and pits;
• instruct one of the workers to monitor all stages of work on the site from an elevation so that he can take emergency measures in case of an emergency;
• install a ladder in a convenient place that will allow you to quickly climb to the surface if a gap occurs.

To prevent problems later on, it is necessary to carefully examine the site to be built. Professional study will help to reveal the soil conditions, based on the information received, an economically viable and safe construction algorithm is chosen.

Ways to deal with quicksand

To build the foundation of a house on a quicksand, you need to choose the best of three methods:

• formation of fences from sheet pile walls;
• fixation of the zone of occurrence of unstable soil;
• artificial drying.

In the latter case, an open pumping of water is organized. If the reservoir is at a depth of no more than 600 cm, it is better to adopt wellpoints, if the level is lower, electric drainage devices will be needed.

Sheet pile walls are able to cover the layer of quicksand, they create pressure leading to containment of the load. The grooved board is introduced into the soil up to 10 m, if metal products are used, it can be placed up to a mark of 35 m. This method cannot be used if there are dense layers of soil near the quicksand.

Fixation of quicksand can be organized by three methods - freezing, silicification or cementation. The most effective silicification - in this case, liquid glass is pumped into the soil, which helps to increase the strength of the base, eliminate the mobility of the soil. Freezing is extremely unreliable, even after exposure to powerful refrigeration units, the quicksand will soon thaw.

A mandatory step is the creation of a full-fledged drainage system that lies below the problem level. Quicksand consists of fine particles combined with water, drainage contributes to the drainage of this area, the soil structure gains strength. During the operation of the building, it is important to periodically revise the system - this is a key security measure.

If the quicksand is below the freezing level of the soil, it is permissible to install a tape monolithic base with a shallow backfill, gravel backfill will become an obligatory element here. If the quicksand is located below 50 cm from the surface and has a slight thickness, a pile foundation can be installed (there must be solid soil under the aquifer).