Maintenance service rza. Repair and maintenance of relay protection devices. Maintenance interval

Good day, dear friends.

There are a lot of questions on the topic: Relay protection and automation, but easier RZA.

I devoted today's article to the organization of maintenance of relay protection devices, and it will be just that, regardless of the complexity of the electrical equipment you use.

Let's start with the fact that the period of operation of the device or its service life before decommissioning is determined by the wear of the device to such a state when its restoration becomes unprofitable.

The service life of the device, starting from the check at a new start, usually includes several overhaul periods, each of which can be subdivided into characteristic ones in terms of reliability ( Reliability is the property of the device to keep in time within the established limits the values ​​of the parameters that characterize the ability to perform the required functions in the specified modes and conditions of use, maintenance, repairs, storage and transportation) stages:

- run-in period;

- the period of normal operation.

The following types of maintenance of relay protection and automation devices of electrical networks 0.4-35 kV are installed:

— check at new inclusion (adjustment);

— the first preventive control;

— preventive control;

— preventive restoration (repair);

- testing (test control);

- technical inspection.

In addition, an extraordinary or post-accident inspection may be carried out during operation.

Check (adjustment) RPA devices at a new inclusion should be carried out when a newly installed, separate connection is put into operation or during the reconstruction of RPA devices at an existing facility. This is necessary to assess the health of the equipment and secondary circuits, the correctness of the connection diagrams, adjust the relay, check the performance of devices ( working condition such a state of devices is called, in which the values ​​of parameters characterizing the ability to perform specified functions comply with the requirements of regulatory, technical and design documentation.) RZA as a whole. Checking at a new start must be carried out by the personnel of the RPA service or a specialized commissioning organization.

If the check during the new inclusion was carried out by a third-party commissioning organization, then the inclusion of new and reconstructed devices is carried out after their acceptance by the RPA service.

Preventive control RPA devices are carried out in order to identify and eliminate possible malfunctions of its elements that occur during operation, which can cause excessive operation or failures of operation of RPA devices.

The first preventive control after the RPA device is put into operation is carried out mainly in order to identify and eliminate running-in failures ( Burn-in failures occur in the initial period of operation, are caused mainly by the shortcomings of the production technology and insufficient quality control of the components of the devices during manufacture. For RPA devices, the causes of running-in failures can also be errors during installation and commissioning, poor-quality commissioning.) arising in the initial period of operation.

Preventive Recovery it is carried out in order to check the serviceability of equipment and circuits, the compliance of the settings and characteristics of the relay with the given ones, the restoration of worn-out equipment and its parts, and the check of the RPA device as a whole.

Preventive restoration is also carried out in order to restore individual less reliable (having a small resource or a high rate of resource development) device elements: relays RT-80, RT-90, IT-80, IT-90, ET-500, EH-500, EV- 100, EV-200, RTV, RVM, RP-341, etc. Depending on the environmental conditions and the state of the equipment, the volume of partial restoration of relay protection and automation devices located in outdoor cabinets can be expanded.

Testing is carried out in order to check the operability of relay protection devices.

Testing can be carried out using the built-in testing elements or by simulating the operation of the starting elements of the RPA devices.

Test control is carried out for devices with built-in means of manual test control.

The necessity and frequency of testing or test control are determined by local conditions and approved by the chief engineer of the enterprise.

Proper operation of RPA devices for 6 months. before the testing period is equivalent to testing.

Extraordinary check is carried out in case of partial changes in circuits or reconstruction of relay protection and automation devices, if it is necessary to change the settings or characteristics of relays and devices, as well as to eliminate the shortcomings found during testing.

Post-accident check is performed to find out the causes of failures in functioning or unclear actions of relay protection devices. Extraordinary and post-accident inspections are carried out according to the programs compiled by the MS RZA, approved by the chief engineer of the enterprise.

A little disclaimer:

failure is called a violation of the working state of the device. There are typical failure modes that differ:

if possible, predicting the onset of failure - gradual and sudden failures;

according to the time of occurrence of failure - running-in failures, failures of the period of normal operation and degradation failures.

In this case, failures can be either gradual or sudden.

Gradual failures occur as a result of a change in one or more parameters of the device or the state of its elements due to various physical and chemical processes that occur as a result of prolonged operation.

In RPA devices, these processes include: dusting of internal parts of relays and devices, formation of soot and shells on contacts, misalignment of the mechanical part of the relay, loosening of screw contact connections, reduction of insulation resistance, change in the characteristics of the device or its individual elements. When timely preventive measures are taken, the indicated changes in the parameters or state of the device and its elements can be detected by monitoring and diagnostic methods, and possible failures can be prevented by adjusting, replacing or restoring the elements.

Sudden failures characterized by an abrupt change in the values ​​of one or more device parameters. The causes of sudden failures are physical and chemical processes that proceed slowly over time.

Normal operation failures occur after the end of the run-in period, but before the onset of the degradation failure period. This is the longest period of the total operating time, in which the number of failures is approximately constant and has the smallest value.

degradation failures are caused by the natural processes of aging, wear and corrosion, subject to established rules, standards for design, manufacture and operation. These failures occur when the device as a whole or its individual elements approach the limit state for aging or wear conditions at the end of a full or overhaul life. With the right organization of maintenance, these failures can be prevented by timely replacement or restoration of elements. In this case, the replacement period should be less than the average wear time of the element. If timely replacement is not performed, the number of degradation failures increases.

Burn-in failures, failures of the normal operation period and degradation failures are random events, but they are subject to general patterns.

It is necessary to distinguish between the failure of a protection device as an event of loss of operability and the failure of operation as an event of failure to perform a given function when a corresponding requirement arises..

Periodic technical inspections are carried out in order to check the condition of the equipment and circuits of the RPA, as well as the compliance of the position of the overlays and switching devices with the operating mode of the equipment.

Now let's talk about frequency of maintenance of RPA devices.

For RPA devices, the maintenance cycle is set from three to twelve years old .

The maintenance cycle is understood as the period of operation of the device between the next two preventive restorations, during which the established types of maintenance are performed in a certain sequence.

What determines the duration of the maintenance cycle? From the degree of influence of various factors on the RPA devices.

According to the degree of influence of various environmental factors on devices in electrical networks of 0.4-35 kV, two categories of premises can be distinguished.

Co. II category include rooms with a wide range of ambient temperature fluctuations, in which there is relatively free access to outside air (metal rooms, cells of the KRUN type, complete transformer substations, etc.), as well as rooms located in areas with increased aggressiveness of the environment.

The maintenance cycle for RPA devices installed in category I premises is assumed to be 12, 8 or 6 years, and for relay protection and automation devices installed in category II premises, it is assumed to be 6 or 3 years, depending on the type of relay protection devices and local conditions affecting to accelerate the wear of devices (see table).

The maintenance cycle for RPA devices is established by the order of the chief engineer of the enterprise.

For irresponsible connections in rooms of category II, the duration of the maintenance cycle of relay protection and automation devices can be increased, but not more than twice. In order to combine the maintenance of RPA devices with the repair of the main equipment, it is allowed to postpone the planned type of maintenance for a period of up to one year. In certain justified cases, the duration of the RPA device maintenance cycle can be reduced.

The maintenance cycles indicated in the table refer to the period of operation of the RPA devices, corresponding to the full service life of the devices. According to the experience of operating RPA devices on an electromechanical element base installed in category I premises, their full average service life is 25 years and for devices installed in category II premises, 20 years.

In the technical documentation for RPA devices on a microelectronic and electronic basis, the full average service life is set, as a rule, to 12 years. The operation of relay protection and automation devices on an electromechanical, microprocessor and electronic base beyond the specified periods can only be allowed if the condition is satisfactory and the maintenance cycle is reduced, established by the management of the enterprise.

The greatest number of failures of electronic equipment occurs at the beginning and at the end of the service life, therefore it is recommended to set for these devices shortened periods between checks in the first two to three years and after 10 to 12 years of operation. The operating periods between the next two preventive maintenance for these devices in the first years of operation are recommended to be set to no more than 6 years. As operating experience is gained, the maintenance cycle can be extended up to 12 years.

The maintenance cycle of 0.4 kV circuit breakers is recommended to be taken equal to 3 or 6 years.

Scheduled maintenance of RPA devices of 0.4-35 kV electrical networks should, if possible, be combined with the repair of the main electrical equipment.

The first preventive control of RPA devices should be carried out after 10-18 months. after turning on the device.

The frequency of maintenance of equipment and secondary circuits of remote control and signaling devices is assumed to be the same as for the corresponding RPA devices.

The frequency of technical inspections of equipment and circuits is established in accordance with local conditions.

Test control (testing) of devices based on microelectronics is recommended to be carried out weekly at substations with on-duty personnel, and at substations without on-duty personnel - as far as possible, but at least once every 12 months.

For microelectronic and microprocessor relay protection devices, before a new switch-on, as a rule, training should be carried out by supplying the device with an operational current for 3-4 days and, if possible, operating currents and voltages with switching on the device with an effect on the signal. After the expiration of the training period, a test control is carried out and in the absence of any malfunctions, the RPA device is transferred with the action to turn off.

Removing dust from external surfaces, checking the reliability of contact connections, checking the integrity of glasses, the condition of casing seals, etc. microprocessor and electromechanical relay protection devices are performed in the usual way. Dust cleaning of internal modules of RPA microprocessor devices during internal inspection should be carried out with a vacuum cleaner to prevent damage to devices by static discharge. It should be taken into account that manufacturers guarantee the normal operation of electronic devices and the performance of warranty repairs of the relay protection and automation equipment for a limited period of operation, with the seals of the factory intact. With this in mind, it is not recommended to open the casings of these RPA devices during the warranty period of operation.

In case of failure of RPA devices on a microelectronic basis, the repair of the device during the warranty period of operation must be carried out at the manufacturer. In the subsequent period of operation, repairs are carried out under an agreement with the manufacturer or in basic laboratories by qualified specialists.

Methods for testing microprocessor relay protection and automation devices are given in the technical descriptions and operating instructions of manufacturers.

I'll stop there today.

RUSSIANJOINT STOCKSOCIETYENERGY
AndELECTRIFICATION « EECRUSSIA»

REGULATIONS
TECHNICAL SERVICE
DEVICES RELAYPROTECTION,
ELECTRIC AUTOMATICS ,
REMOTEMANAGEMENT
AndALARMSPOWER PLANTS
And SUBSTATIONS 110 - 750 kV

RD 153-34.0-35.617-2001

3- e edition ,
recycled and augmented

SERVICEADVANCEDEXPERIENCEORGRES

Moscow2001

DevelopedOpen Joint Stock Company "Firm for adjustment, improvement of technology and operation of power plants and networks ORGRES"

Performers V.A. BORUKHMAN, V.S. GONCHAROV, A.V. GRIGORIEV, N.P. SANTURYAN

ApprovedDepartment of Scientific and Technical Policy and Development of RAO "UES of Russia" 20.01.2001

First Deputy Chief A.P. LIVINSKY

Coming into effect

from 01.03.2001

These Rules are obligatory for employees involved in the adjustment and operation of relay protection and electric automation (RPA) devices at enterprises of Intersystem Electric Networks (MES) and AO-energos, at power plants of RAO UES of Russia.

The rules determine the types, frequency, programs and volumes of maintenance of relay protection and automation devices, remote control and signaling (hereinafter referred to as relay protection devices), high-frequency relay protection channels, current and voltage transformers.

When compiling these Rules, the "Rules for the maintenance of relay protection devices, electric automation, remote control and signaling of power plants and substations 110 - 750 kV: RD 34.35.617-89" were used, as well as proposals and materials from a number of power systems, power plants, electrical network enterprises, organizations-developers and manufacturers of RPA devices.

With the release of these Rules, the “Rules for the maintenance of relay protection devices, electrical automation, remote control and signaling of power plants and substations 110 - 750 kV: RD 34.35.617-89” (M .: SPO Soyuztekhenergo, 1989) are considered invalid.

one . GENERAL PROVISIONS

1.1 . These Rules are obligatory for employees involved in the adjustment and operation of relay protection and electric automation (RPA) devices at enterprises of Intersystem Electric Networks (MES) and AO-energos, at power plants of RAO UES of Russia.

1.2 . The rules determine the types, frequency and programs of maintenance of relay protection and automation devices, remote control and signaling (hereinafter referred to as relay protection devices), as well as the scope of maintenance of typical panels, cabinets, kits, blocks and devices of relay protection devices, high-frequency relay protection channels, current and voltage transformers .

1.3 . Methods for checking and testing devices and apparatuses are given in the guidelines and instructions that should be used during maintenance (Appendix ).

2. MAINTENANCE SYSTEM FOR RPA DEVICES

2.1. Basic concepts and terms in the field of relay protection and automation reliability

2.1.1 . Reliability is the property of an object to keep in time within the established limits the values ​​of all parameters that characterize the ability to perform the required functions in specified modes and conditions of use, maintenance, repairs, storage and transportation.

2.1.2 . working condition such a state of an object is called, in which the values ​​of all parameters characterizing the ability to perform specified functions comply with the requirements of regulatory and technical and (or) design (project) documentation.

2.1.3 . failure An event is called an event that violates the healthy state of an object.

If there are no failures, then the object is 100% reliable. However, any real object, regardless of the adopted maintenance system, is subject to failures.

It is advisable to single out the following typical types of object failures, dividing them into two groups:

if possible, predict the onset of failure - gradual failures and sudden failures;

according to the time of occurrence of failure - running-in failures, failures of the period of normal operation and degradation failures.

In this case, failures of the second group can be both gradual and sudden.

Gradual failures arise as a result of a gradual change in one or more parameters of an object or the state of its elements due to the occurrence of various mechanical, physical and chemical processes over time.

In RPA devices, these processes include: dusting of the internal parts of the relay, the formation of soot and shells on the contacts, misalignment of the mechanical part of the relay, loosening of screw contact connections, reduction of insulation resistance, loss of device characteristics or its individual components and elements, etc. When timely preventive measures are taken, the indicated changes in the parameters or state of the device and its elements can be detected by the accepted methods of monitoring and diagnostics, and possible failures can be prevented by adjusting, replacing or restoring the elements.

Sudden failures characterized by an abrupt change in the values ​​of one or more parameters of the object. The causes of sudden failures can be hidden defects, as well as mechanical, physical and chemical processes that can proceed quite slowly in time, but unlike gradual failures, the onset of a sudden failure cannot be predicted by the accepted methods of control and diagnostics.

A characteristic reason for such a failure may be, for example, a decrease in the resistance of the interturn insulation of the relay winding.

Burn-in failures occurring in the initial period of operation are caused mainly by the shortcomings of the production technology and insufficient quality control of components and objects in general during their manufacture. For RPA devices, the causes of running-in failures can also be errors during installation and commissioning, poor-quality commissioning, etc.

Burn-in failures for continuous equipment are usually eliminated during the running-in process, i.e. operation of the equipment for a certain time under conditions close to operational. For devices that operate rather infrequently, which include RPA devices, the run-in period can be long. As defective elements are identified and eliminated, the number of running-in failures per unit of time decreases.

Normal operation failures occur after the end of the run-in period, but before the onset of the degradation failure period. This is the longest period of the total operating time, in which the number of failures per unit of time is almost constant and has the smallest value.

degradation failures are caused by the natural processes of aging, wear, corrosion and fatigue when all established rules and regulations for design, manufacture and operation are observed. These failures occur when the object as a whole or its individual elements approach the limit state under the conditions of aging or wear at the end of the full or overhaul life. With the right organization of maintenance, these failures can generally be prevented by timely replacement or restoration of elements. In this case, the replacement (recovery) period must be less than the average aging (wear) time of the element. If timely replacement (recovery) is not performed, then the number of degradation failures per unit of time begins to increase.

Loss of device performance can also occur due to personnel errors during their technical or operational maintenance, as well as be a consequence of the impact of external factors, the value of which goes beyond the limits established by the regulatory and technical documentation, or the simultaneous impact of several external factors not provided for by this documentation, the value of each of which does not go beyond the established limits. In this case, the loss of efficiency can have the character of both sudden and gradual failure in any period of operation.

2.1.4 . Burn-in failures, normal operation failures and degradation failures are random events, but are subject to various general patterns of random events.

The sequence of random events over time is called the flow of events. Therefore, the failure sequence is called failure stream. One of the characteristics of the failure flow for repaired products, which include relay protection devices, is bounce flow parameter- probable number of failures per unit of time.

During the initial period of operation, during the run-in period, the failure rate parameter decreases as defects are identified and eliminated.

After the end of the run-in period, normal operation period, in which the failure rate parameter is practically constant. After the period of normal operation comes degradation period(aging and wear), in which the failure rate parameter begins to increase.

Running-in failures are eliminated during the running-in period by replacing failed elements and eliminating the identified malfunctions.

To prevent degradation failures, timely preventive replacement (recovery) of the element is necessary, even if it has not failed, at the end of the normal operation period.

Sudden failures generally cannot be prevented by replacing components during normal operation. On the contrary, the replacement of serviceable elements can increaseto read the failure flow parameter due to the occurrence of running-in failures in newly installed elements. It should be noted that a number of the following features of relay protection in terms of reliability determine a specific approach to the prevention of sudden failures of relay protection devices.

2.1.5 . Relay protection devices (as opposed to continuous devices) can be classified as devices with static readiness for action. Relay protection performs its functions on demand, which is a short circuit or other violation of the normal mode of the protected equipment. Therefore, it is necessary to distinguish device failure protection as a downtime event and failure of functioning as an event of non-execution of a given function when a corresponding requirement arises. The failure of the device usually does not occur simultaneously with the occurrence of the requirement for operation and, therefore, the failure of the operation can be prevented if preventive work is carried out in the interval between the moment of the failure and the moment of the requirement. Therefore, the flow of operational failures depends not only on the flow of device failures, but also on the organization of maintenance, as well as on the quality of its implementation.

In addition, since a device failure can only turn into a performance failure when a performance requirement occurs, the flow of performance failures also depends on performance requirements flow.

2.2. Types of maintenance of relay protection devices

2.2.1 . The period of operation or service life of the device before decommissioning is determined by the moral or physical deterioration of the device to such a state when its restoration becomes unprofitable. The service life of the device, starting from the test at a new start, usually includes several overhaul periods, each of which can be divided into stages that are characteristic in terms of reliability: the run-in period, the normal operation period and the wear period.

The following types of scheduled maintenance of RPA devices are established:

check when switching on again (adjustment);

first preventive control;

preventive control;

preventive restoration (repair);

test control;

sampling ;

technical inspection.

In addition, the following types of unscheduled maintenance may be carried out during operation:

extraordinary check;

post-accident check.

2.2.2 . Checks during the new switching on of relay protection and automation devices, including secondary circuits, measuring transformers and drive elements of switching devices related to relay protection devices, are carried out:

before switching on newly mounted devices;

after the reconstruction of existing devices associated with the installation of new additional equipment, alteration of the equipment in operation, or after the installation of new secondary circuits.

If the check during the new inclusion was carried out by a third-party commissioning organization, the inclusion of new and reconstructed devices without acceptance by the RZAI service is prohibited.

2.2.3 . The task of maintenance during the running-in period, taking into account the peculiarities of relay protection, is to detect running-in failures as quickly as possible and prevent failures of operation due to this reason.

For RPA devices, running-in failures are most typical in the initial period of operation. In other overhaul periods, they occur much less frequently.

The running-in period of the relay protection device begins with adjustment work before switching ondevices into operation, which, when carefully performed, ensure the identification and elimination of most of the running-in failures. However, there is always a possibility that some defects will not be detected or will appear after the adjustment. In addition, during adjustment, hidden defects of the elements may not appear, which will come to light some time after the device is put into operation. These may include, for example, weakened interturn insulation of relay and transformer windings, the presence of breaks in wire resistances, hidden defects in electronic equipment.

Thus, with the completion of the adjustment work and the commissioning of the device, the running-in period cannot be considered completed. It is necessary to carry out some time after the adjustment of another check, after which, with It can be assumed that the running-in failures are identified and eliminated with a sufficiently high probability. This check is called the first preventive control. The duration of this control is determined mainly by two conflicting factors. On the one hand, some time is needed for the manifestation of latent defects and, therefore, the longer this time, the more likely their manifestation. On the other hand, with an increase in the interval between putting the device into operation and the first preventive control, the probability of device failure increases.

2.2.4 . The task of maintenance during the degradation period is the timely preventive restoration or replacement of worn-out elements of the device in order to prevent a sharp increase in the failure rate parameter. The corresponding type of maintenance, taking into account the maintainability of the vast majority of elements of relay protection devices, is called preventive maintenance.

The frequency of preventive restoration of the device is determined by the frequency of restoration of its elements, which in turn is determined by the resource of these elements. The resource of various elements is not the same, however, taking into account the specifics of the operating conditions of relay protection devices, it is necessary to combine the terms of preventive restoration of different elements subject to aging (wear) processes of different speeds.

It is advisable to determine the frequency of preventive restoration of the RPA device by the resource of most of the equipment and elements of this device.

For fast-wearing electromechanical relays (having a small resource), restoration is also carried out during the next preventive control. The list of equipment with a reduced resource is given in note 2 to the table (see paragraph ).

2.2.5 . The task of maintenance during normal operation, i.e. between two restorations, is the identification and elimination of failures that have occurred and changes in device parameters in order to prevent possible failures of operation. The respective types of maintenance are called preventive control and test control.

Preventive control consists in checking the operability of the entire RPA device.

Test control as an additional type of maintenance is used for microelectronic and microprocessor devices with appropriate built-in tools. During test control, as a rule, the operability of a part of the device is checked.

The frequency of preventive and test control is determined by a number of factors:

failure flow parameter;

performance requirement flow parameter;

damage from the failure of the functioning of the RPA device;

costs of preventive control;

the probability of personnel errors in the process of preventive control.

In addition to preventive control, during the period of normal operation, it is provided, if necessary, to carry out periodic sampling(see p.).

The purpose of periodic tests is to additionally check the operability of the least reliable elements of relay protection and automation devices: time relays with clockwork, process sensors, drives of switching devices (actuators).

2.2.6 . In case of a partial change in circuits or reconstruction of relay protection and automation devices, in case of restoration of circuits broken due to the repair of other equipment, if necessary, changes in the settings or characteristics of relays and devices are carried out extraordinary checks.

Post-accident checks are carried out to find out the causes of failures in functioning or unclear actions of relay protection devices.

Periodically, external technical inspections equipment and secondary circuits, checking the position of switching devices and test blocks.

2.3. Frequency of maintenance of relay protection devices

2.3.1 . All RPA devices, including secondary circuits, instrument transformers and drive elements of switching devices related to RPA devices, must be periodically subjected to maintenance.

Depending on the type of RPA devices and their operating conditions in terms of the impact of various environmental factors, the maintenance cycle is set from three to eight years.

The maintenance cycle is understood as the period of operation of devices between the next two preventive restorations, during which the established types of maintenance provided for by these Rules are performed in a certain sequence.

2.3.2 . For RPA devices of substations 110 - 750 kV, including step-up substations of power plants, the maintenance cycle is taken equal to eight years for devices on an electromechanical element base and six years - on a microelectronic and microprocessor base 1 .

1 Devices based on microelectronics include devices whose measuring and logical parts are mainly or completely made on integrated circuits.

2.3.3 . For RPA devices of power plants, the maintenance cycle depends on the categories of premises in which they are installed.

K I categories include dry heated rooms with slight vibration and dust content, in which there are no shock effects (main control room, main control room, relay boards).

Premises II categories are characterized by a wide range of ambient temperature fluctuations, slight vibration, the presence of single shocks, the possibility of significant dusting (0.4 kV RUSN panels, 6 kV switchgear relay compartments).

Premises III categories are characterized by the presence of constant high vibration (AGP chamber, areas near rotating machines).

The maintenance cycle of RPA devices, depending on the category of the room where the device is installed, is taken equal to eight, six and three years, respectively.

The maintenance cycle of the releases of automatic switches of all types is assumed to be six years.

For non-critical connections with a voltage of 0.4 - 6 kV of power plants, the duration of the maintenance cycle of remote control and signaling devices can be doubled compared to the duration of the maintenance cycle of relay protection and automation devices of these connections (but not more than eight years).

2.3.4 . Established in paragraphs. and the duration of the maintenance cycle of relay protection and automation devices by the decision of the chief engineer of the enterprise can be increased or reduced depending on the specific operating conditions, the duration of operation from the moment of commissioning, the actual state of each specific device, as well as the qualifications of the maintenance personnel of the MS relay protection and automation equipment. For RPA devices of the main circuit of power plants, equipment and transmission lines of substations that are under the authority or control of the power system dispatcher, this decision must be agreed with the RPA service of AO-energo, for other RPA devices such coordination is not required.

2.3.5 . In order to combine the maintenance of RPA devices with the repair of the main equipment, it is allowed to postpone the planned type of maintenance for a period of up to two years.

2.3.6 . With a three-year maintenance cycle, preventive checks between preventive restorations should generally not be carried out.

2.3.7 . The first preventive control of RPA, remote control and signaling devices should be carried out in 10 - 15 months. after putting the device into operation. For RPA devices of power units, the first preventive control is combined with the first overhaul of equipment.

2.3.8 . For such devices of secondary connections as remote control, signaling, blocking, only preventive restoration, testing and inspections are carried out at the intervals established for the corresponding RPA devices.

2.3.9 . Test control for devices based on microelectronics should be carried out at least once every 12 months.

2.3.10 . For RPA devices based on microelectronics, the built-in test control means, as a rule, should provide for training before the first commissioning. Training consists in applying to the device for 3-5 days. operating current and, if possible, operating currents and voltages; the device must be turned on with an action on the signal. After the expiration of the training period, a test control of the device should be carried out, and in the absence of any malfunctions, the RPA device should be switched off.

If training is not possible, the first test control must be carried out within two weeks after commissioning.

2.3.11 . The frequency of technical inspections of equipment and secondary circuits is established by MS RZAI in accordance with local conditions, but at least twice a year.

2.3.12 . Testing of ATS devices of SN TPP mechanisms should be carried out by operational personnel at least once every six months, and ATS devices of SN power inputs - at least once a year. Testing of automatic reclosing devices of power lines should be carried out at least once a year.

The necessity and frequency of testing other RPA devices are determined by local conditions and approved by the decision of the chief engineer of the enterprise.

The correct operation of the devices in the three-month period before the scheduled date can be counted for the next test.

2.3.13 . The frequency of carrying out the types of maintenance provided for by these Rules is given in the table.

The maintenance cycles indicated in the table refer to the period of operation of relay protection and automation devices within the full service life. The technical specifications for relay protection and automation devices based on electromechanical and microelectronic base set the average full service life equal to 12 years.

Based on operating experience, the actual service life of RPA devices based on electromechanical element base under normal operating conditions and carrying out the established maintenance is at least 25 years. There is no such experience with microelectronic devices yet.

The operation of RPA devices beyond the established service life is possible if the equipment and connecting wires of these devices are in a satisfactory condition and, if necessary, the maintenance cycle is reduced (see p. ).

1.1. The rules determine the types, frequency, programs and scope of maintenance of all RPA devices, current and voltage transformers, power supplies and other components of RPA devices used in 0.4-35 kV electrical networks.

1.3. The rules provide for an increase in the duration of the maintenance cycle and a reduction in the volume of operational checks of relay protection devices in 0.4-35 kV networks.

1.4. The methodology for checking and testing specific RPA devices is given in the relevant instructions and guidelines that should be used during maintenance.

2.1.1. Reliability is the property of a device to keep in time within the established limits the values ​​of parameters that characterize the ability to perform the required functions in given modes and conditions of use, maintenance, repairs, storage and transportation.

2.1.2. A working state is such a state of devices, in which the values ​​of the parameters characterizing the ability to perform the specified functions comply with the requirements of regulatory, technical and design documentation.

Gradual failures occur as a result of a change in one or more device parameters or the state of its elements due to various physical and chemical processes that occur as a result of prolonged operation.

In RPA devices, these processes include: dusting of internal parts of relays and devices, formation of soot and shells on contacts, misalignment of the mechanical part of the relay, loosening of screw contact connections, reduction of insulation resistance, change in the characteristics of the device or its individual elements. When timely preventive measures are taken, the indicated changes in the parameters or state of the device and its elements can be detected by monitoring and diagnostic methods, and possible failures can be prevented by adjusting, replacing or restoring the elements.

Sudden failures are characterized by an abrupt change in the values ​​of one or more device parameters. The causes of sudden failures are physical and chemical processes that proceed slowly over time.

Burn-in failures occur in the initial period of operation, are caused mainly by the shortcomings of the production technology and insufficient quality control of the components of the devices during manufacture. For RPA devices, the causes of running-in failures can also be errors during installation and commissioning, poor-quality commissioning.

Failures of the normal operation period occur after the end of the run-in period, but before the onset of the degradation failure period. This is the longest period of the total operating time, in which the number of failures is approximately constant and has the smallest value.

Degradation failures are caused by the natural processes of aging, wear and corrosion in compliance with the established rules, standards for design, manufacture and operation. These failures occur when the device as a whole or its individual elements approach the limit state for aging or wear conditions at the end of a full or overhaul life. With the right organization of maintenance, these failures can be prevented by timely replacement or restoration of elements. In this case, the replacement period should be less than the average wear time of the element. If timely replacement is not performed, the number of degradation failures increases.

2.1.4. Burn-in failures, failures of the normal operation period and degradation failures are random events, but they are subject to general patterns.

2.1.5. It is necessary to distinguish between the failure of a protection device as a loss of operability event and the failure of operation as an event of failure to perform a given function when a corresponding requirement arises.

2.2.1. The period of operation of the device or its service life before decommissioning is determined by the wear of the device to such a state when its restoration becomes unprofitable.

The service life of the device, starting from the check at the new start, usually includes several overhaul periods, each of which can be subdivided into stages that are characteristic in terms of reliability: the run-in period and the period of normal operation.

2.2.2. Checking (adjustment) of RPA devices at a new start-up should be carried out when a newly installed, separate connection is put into operation or during the reconstruction of RPA devices at an existing facility. This is necessary to assess the serviceability of the equipment and secondary circuits, the correctness of the connection diagrams, adjust the relay, and check the performance of relay protection and automation devices in general. Checking when switching on again must be carried out by MS RPA personnel or a specialized commissioning organization.

If the check during the new inclusion was carried out by a third-party commissioning organization, then the inclusion of new and reconstructed devices is carried out after their acceptance by the RPA service.

2.2.3. Preventive control of RPA devices is carried out in order to identify and eliminate possible malfunctions of its elements that occur during operation, which can cause excessive operation or failures of operation of RPA devices.

The first preventive control after the RPA device is put into operation is carried out mainly in order to identify and eliminate running-in failures that occur during the initial period of operation.

This section provides documentation (norms, rules and instructions) on relay protection and automation (RPA)

This "Instruction for the organization and performance of work in relay protection devices and electrical automation of power plants and substations" (hereinafter referred to as the Instruction) determines the organization, methodology and sequence of work during the maintenance of relay protection devices and electrical automation of power plants and substations.
With the release of this Instruction, the "Standard Instruction for the Organization and Production of Work in Relay Protection Devices and Electrical Automation of Power Plants and Substations" (M: SPO ORGRES, 1991) becomes invalid.

The time standards for maintenance of relay protection devices based on ICs are recommended for use at the enterprises of the Ministry of Fuel and Energy. The time standards are given in man-hours and are set for the full scope of work provided for by their content and to be performed by the link of performers. The maintenance of relay protection devices includes the main operations, secondary operations in most cases are not indicated, but are taken into account by the time standards. When performing work by a link, the labor costs between the performers are distributed equally for all types of maintenance.

Calculation of the effective values ​​of short circuit currents (short circuit) in networks with a voltage of 3000 (3300) V is carried out in order to determine the maximum value of the three-phase short circuit current necessary to check the switching equipment for breaking capacity and cables for thermal resistance, as well as the minimum current value two-phase short circuit, necessary to check the settings of protective equipment.

These Standards apply to relay protection devices in the automation of thermal power plants and include consumption rates for Western relays and spare parts for them to restore the working condition of relay equipment.
The standards are drawn up for relays of mass use, as well as for protective automatic switches AP-50, control keys, test blocks and switching devices.

In compiling the Norms, data from questionnaires were used, as well as the results of a survey of a number of power plants and power systems.

The standards are intended to be used in the preparation of annual applications for spare relays and spare parts for them.
Temporarily, until the development of special standards, these Standards can also be used for relay protection equipment and substation automation.

These Consumption Rates for spare relays and spare parts apply to devices of relay protection, electric automation and emergency automation (hereinafter referred to as RPA devices) of enterprises of electrical networks and substations with a voltage of 35 kV and higher of the Ministry of Energy of the USSR and establish annual consumption rates for spare panels, protection relays and electric automation, equipment remote control and spare parts for them for repair and maintenance needs when:

failure of RPA devices during operation or detected during scheduled maintenance;

carrying out reconstructions according to the instructions of the Main Technical Department, Feasibility Study, POEE;

replacement of worn-out and discontinued RPA devices.

The standards are intended for personnel of relay protection and electric automation services of electric grid enterprises, when drawing up annual applications for spare relays and spare parts for them.

Temporarily, until the development of special norms, the norms indicated in Table. 4-6 can be used in electrical networks with voltages below 35 kV.

This instruction is based on the "Guidelines for the adjustment, verification and operation of the relay part of the differential-phase high-frequency protection type DFZ-2", Gosenergoizdat, 1957 (authors V.V. Kochetov, E.D. Sapir, G.G. Yakubson) . A number of additions and clarifications have been made to the used text of the Guidelines, providing for a reduction in the volume of checks and a simplification of test procedures based on operating experience. These simplifications do not fundamentally change the basis of the test procedure laid down in the above Guidelines.

In addition, descriptions are also given of typical variants of protection on lines with branches and instructions for its verification, technical data and instructions for the features of verification of protection of a one-ampere version of protection of the DFZ-2/1 type.

Instructions for setting up and testing instructions are linked to directive materials * (in terms of types, scope and timing of testing), with the "General Instructions for Testing Relay Protection Devices, Electrical Automation and Secondary Circuits" (Gosenergoizdat, 1961) and with other instructions for testing devices and individual elements of relay protection. In order to link this, some instructions on checking individual security elements of the DFZ-2 are replaced by links to these instructions.

Accounting for the equipment of power systems with devices for relay protection, electric automatics and emergency automatics (RPA), as well as accounting, analysis and evaluation of their work make it possible to:

evaluate the compliance of RPA devices with the requirements, their reliability and suitability for operation;

identify the characteristic causes of their incorrect operation and operation failures in order to develop organizational and technical measures to improve the operation of relay protection devices, make claims to design, installation, commissioning organizations, development organizations and supplying plants;

identify and eliminate shortcomings in the implementation and operation of these devices;

determine the main performance indicators of the operation of certain types of relay protection and automation devices (the percentage of correct operation, the success of automatic reclosure and automatic transfer, the frequency or frequency of operation of relay protection and automation devices, etc.) and evaluate the number and load indicators of the personnel of the relay protection and automation services of electric grid enterprises and ETL power plants (hereinafter referred to as the relay protection and automation service).

THIS DOCUMENT IS DEVELOPED:

State Institute for Design and Research in the Oil Industry "Giprovostokneft"
Director of the Institute B.P. Usachev September 8, 1988

Head of the Department of Reliability of Power Supply I.V. Christov September 8, 1988
Head of the sector A.T. Subochev September 8, 1988

AGREED:
Head of the Department for the operation of power-mechanical equipment V.A. Romanov September 15, 1988

INSTEAD OF RD 39-0148311-601-85 "Regulations on the system of maintenance and repair of electrical installations in oil production and drilling"

The provision includes:
part 1. General provisions. Electrical equipment and power lines;
part 2. Relay protection and automation devices. preventive testing. Electrical measuring instruments.

This Model Regulation applies to relay protection and electric automation services at all levels of management of the Russian electric power industry. The model provision is the basis for the preparation of local regulations on relay protection and electric automation services of the Central Control Department of the UES of Russia, ODU of the integrated systems (IPS), intersystem electrical networks (MES), AO-energos, power plants, cascades of hydroelectric power plants, enterprises of electrical networks, enterprises of the MES (PMES) .

The Model Provision reflects the issues of organizational and technical maintenance of relay protection devices, electrical automation, remote control and signaling.

With the release of this Model Provision, the "Model Provision on Relay Protection and Electric Automation Services" (M.: SPO Soyuztekhenergo, 1981) and the "Model Provision on the Relay Protection and Electric Automation Service PEO: RD 34.04.418-88" (M .: Management labor and wages of the Ministry of Energy of the USSR, 1988).

The current local regulations at their next revision should be brought into line with this Model Regulation, taking into account the existing organizational structure and relationships between divisions.

The instruction contains instructions for testing current transformers (CTs) used for relay protection, automation and measurement, as well as instructions for testing secondary current circuits up to the input terminals of protection, automation and measurement devices.
Checking the current circuits inside these devices, as well as checking the CT in the complete circuit of the device, must be carried out in accordance with the standard instructions for organizing and performing work in relay protection devices and electric automation of power plants and substations.

When preparing the third edition, the comments of a number of power systems to the previous edition of the Instruction and the changes that have appeared since then in electrical engineering, organization and economics of the energy industry were taken into account.

This edition of the Manual includes a section on methods for checking CT errors for various options for their use in relay protection, which lists the currently existing methods for determining CT errors and gives a brief summary of the two most simple of them.

These Rules are obligatory for employees involved in the adjustment and operation of relay protection and electric automation (RPA) devices at enterprises of Intersystem Electric Networks (MES) and AO-energos, at power plants of RAO "UES of Russia".

The rules determine the types, frequency, programs and volumes of maintenance of relay protection and automation devices, remote control and signaling (hereinafter referred to as relay protection devices), high-frequency relay protection channels, current and voltage transformers.

These Recommendations are intended to assist power systems in the reconstruction and replacement of relay protection devices that have expired or are obsolete. Specialists of JSC "ChEAZ" G.P. took part in the development of the Recommendations. Varganov, A..A. Klimov and R.Z. Rosenblum, materials of the report by K.M. Dobrodeeva (Nizhegorodskenergosetproekt) at a meeting of the senior personnel of the relay protection and automation services of the power systems of the IPS of the Middle Volga and the MES of the Volga in October 1999, as well as reviews from a number of organizations on the first edition of the Recommendations.

These Rules are mandatory for employees involved in the adjustment and operation of relay protection and electric automation (RPA) devices for 0.4-35 kV electrical networks in the power systems of the Russian Federation.

The rules determine the types, frequency, programs and volumes of maintenance of relay protection and automation devices, current and voltage transformers, power supplies and other relay protection devices used in 0.4-35 kV electrical networks.
With

With the release of these Rules, the previously existing "Rules for the maintenance of relay protection devices and electric automation of electrical networks 0.4-35 kV: RD 34.35.613-89" (M .: SPO Soyuztekhenergo, 1989) are considered invalid.

These Rules apply to relay protection and automation devices installed at nuclear power plants (NPPs) in electrical power distribution installations and auxiliary networks for controlling electrical equipment, as well as for relay protection and fault signaling. These relay protection and automation devices include low-voltage complete devices (panels, cabinets, blocks and consoles installed in them), auxiliary control and measurement circuits associated with them (current circuits and voltage circuits from measuring transformers.

This "Model Regulation on the Service of Relay Protection and Electrical Automation of Nuclear Power Plants" (hereinafter referred to as the Standard Regulation) establishes the main tasks and functions of the relay protection and automation service (hereinafter referred to as RPA) in the systems of operation, maintenance and repair of nuclear power plants (hereinafter referred to as NPP) and is the basis for the development of station regulations on the service of the RPA of a nuclear power plant.

This guiding document of the operating organization (hereinafter - RD) establishes the minimum technical requirements for relay protection devices and automation of electrical installations for auxiliary needs of nuclear power plants. The requirements of this RD must be applied when replacing relay protection and automation devices put into operation according to the original design.

This RD applies to systems and devices:
- relay protection of electrical equipment of the NPP auxiliary network (normal operation systems and emergency auxiliary power supply systems (EPS));
- devices for automatic transfer of a reserve (ATS) of electrical and technological equipment of nuclear power plants.

The requirements of this RD must be met by all subdivisions of Rosenergoatom Concern OJSC when developing design estimates for the replacement of relay protection and automation devices (URZA), when carrying out procedures for selecting manufacturers and (or) suppliers of hardware and software and hardware for relay protection devices and automation (URZA), as well as in the terms of reference of the contract for the manufacture and (or) supply.

This guidance document of the operating organization (hereinafter - RD) establishes the minimum technical requirements for relay protection devices and automation of electrical installations of nuclear power plants. This RD is intended for use when replacing relay protection and electric automation devices put into operation according to the original project.

This "Instruction for operational personnel on maintenance of relay protection devices and electric automation of power systems" (hereinafter referred to as the Instruction) defines the rights and obligations of operational personnel and contains general instructions for the operational management and maintenance of relay protection and automation devices, monitoring their serviceability and eliminating a number of malfunctions, and organizing work in these devices, as well as on the actions of operational personnel when they are triggered.

The Guidelines contain recommendations on the required volumes, methodology for conducting and duration of characterization of turbogenerator-transformer units and their relay protection and automation devices during complex electrical tests.

The guidelines are intended for personnel of commissioning organizations and operating personnel involved in testing electrical equipment and relay protection and automation devices before connecting the units put into operation into the network and after the completion of a major overhaul.

This collection contains departmental enlarged unit prices for the maintenance of relay protection and automation devices (circuit breakers, relays, protection kits, blocking devices).

Prices are intended for planning work and drawing up estimates for the maintenance of the specified relay protection and automation devices, performed by the personnel of electric grid operating and repair enterprises in a market economy, and are advisory in nature. The information of the collection is sufficient for the formation of normalized tasks for teams.

The standard establishes the principles for organizing interaction between RPA services (divisions) when they perform the functions of centralized control of RPA systems and devices in a hierarchical control structure and when they perform functions of non-centralized control of RPA systems and devices in the economic management structure and operation of RPA devices installed at power plants and substations of electric power industry entities of the UES of Russia, as well as entities of technologically isolated regional energy systems.

Standard norms of time for the overhaul of low-voltage electrical ballasts, relay protection and automation equipment are recommended for use in electromechanical workshops, sites of enterprises and specialized repair shops of sectors of the national economy, regardless of their departmental subordination.

The time standards are intended to normalize the work of electricians for the repair of electrical equipment with piecework and time-based wage systems.

The General Requirements for the Systems of Emergency and Regime Automation, Relay Protection and Automation, Telemetric Information and Technological Communication in the UES of Russia (hereinafter referred to as the General Requirements) are designed to meet the requirements of a unified technical policy in subsidiaries of OAO RAO "UES of Russia" when designing, reconstructing and construction of new energy facilities in the UES of Russia.

1.1.1. Preparatory work includes:

a) preparation of the necessary documentation (schemes accepted for execution, factory documentation for relays and equipment, instructions, protocol forms, protection and automation settings, programs, etc.);

c) permission to work;

d) disconnection of all communication circuits on the rows of terminals of the tested device (panel, cabinet, etc.) with other devices.

1.1.2. During an external examination, the casings of the equipment, mounting wires and rows of clamps are cleaned from dust.

During the inspection, check:

a) compliance with the requirements of the EMP, PTE and other guidance documents related to the device being adjusted and its individual components, as well as compliance with the project of the installed equipment and control cables;

b) reliability of fastening and correct installation of the panel, cabinet, drawer, equipment;

c) the absence of mechanical damage to the equipment, the condition of the insulation of the outputs of the relay and other equipment;

d) quality of painting panels, cabinets, drawers and other elements of the device;

e) the condition of the installation of wires and cables, contact connections on the rows of clamps, branches from the busbars, relay studs, test blocks, resistors, as well as the reliability of soldering of all elements;

f) correct execution of end cuts of control cables, seals of through holes;

g) the condition of the seals of cabinet doors, casings, secondary terminals of current and voltage transformers, etc.;

h) the condition and correctness of the grounding of the circuits of secondary connections and metal structures;

i) the state of control electromagnets and auxiliary contacts of disconnectors, switches, automatic machines and other switching equipment;

j) the presence and correctness of inscriptions on panels, cabinets, boxes and equipment, the presence and correctness of marking cables, cable cores, wires.

1.1.3. Verification of compliance with the project of mounted devices includes:

a) the actual execution of connections between cassettes, blocks, modules, relays, switches and other elements on panels, cabinets, boxes with simultaneous verification of the correctness of the marking.

Note. Checking the correctness of connections for nomenclature RPA devices manufactured by ChEAZ may not be carried out;

b) the actual performance of all communication circuits between the tested device and other RPA, control, signaling devices. At the same time, the correct marking of the cable cores is checked.

1.1.4. During internal inspection and verification of the mechanical part of the equipment, the following are performed:

b) checking the presence and integrity of parts, the correctness of their installation and reliability of fastening;

c) checking the condition of the insulation of the connecting wires and windings of the equipment;

g) checking the condition of contact surfaces;

h) checking the mechanical characteristics of the equipment (backlashes, gaps, dips, solutions, deflections, etc.).

1.1.5. A preliminary check of the insulation resistance consists of measuring the insulation resistance of individual units of relay protection and automation devices (current and voltage transformers, switching device drives, control cables, protection panels, etc.).

The measurement is made with a megaohmmeter at 1000 V:

a) relative to the ground;

b) between separate groups of electrically unconnected circuits (current, voltage, operating current, signaling);

c) between phases in current circuits where there are relays or devices with two or more primary windings;

d) between the cores of the gas protection cable;

e) between cable cores from voltage transformers to circuit breakers or fuses.

Notes.

1. Elements that are not designed for a test voltage of 1000 V when measured according to clause 1.1.5, a, b, are excluded from the circuit.

2. Measurement of the insulation resistance of circuits of 24 V and below of RPA devices on a microelectronic and microprocessor base is carried out in accordance with the instructions of the manufacturer. In the absence of such instructions, the absence of a short circuit of these circuits to ground is checked with an ohmmeter for a voltage of up to 15 V.

1.1.6. The scope of checking the electrical characteristics of specific devices, kits and devices during maintenance is given in section 4 of RD 153-34.3-35.613-00 or RD 153-34.3-35.617-2001. Work on checking the electrical characteristics should be completed by setting and checking the settings and modes set by the relay protection and protection services.

1.1.7. Checking the interaction of the device elements is carried out at an operating current voltage equal to 0.8 of the nominal value. The correctness of the interaction of the protection relay, electroautomatics, control and signaling is checked in accordance with the circuit diagram when the relay is triggered or returned (by hand).

Particular attention should be paid to the following checks:

a) the absence of bypass circuits;

b) the correct operation of the device at various positions of pads, switches, test blocks, knife switches, etc.;

c) exclusion of the possibility of affecting devices and switching devices of other connections.

For devices based on microelectronics checking the interaction of elements is carried out using a test control device.

After the test is completed, the conductors of the cables connecting the device under test with other devices are connected to the rows of clamps of the device under test, with the exception of communication circuits with devices in operation (see clause 1.1.10). Connectable cable cores on the opposite side must be disconnected.

1.1.8. Measuring and testing the insulation of devices in a complete circuit are carried out with closed casings, covers, doors, etc.

Before and after testing the dielectric strength of the insulation, the insulation resistance is measured with a 1000 V megohmmeter relative to the ground of each of the groups of electrically unconnected circuits of the secondary connection. The dielectric strength test is carried out with a voltage of 1000 V AC for 1 min relative to earth (see notes to clause 1.1.5).

1.1.9. A comprehensive check of the devices is carried out at the rated operating current voltage when the emergency mode parameters are supplied to the device from an external source and the device circuits are fully assembled with the relay covers closed, while the possibility of affecting other RPA devices and switching devices should be excluded.

During a comprehensive check, the total time of operation of each of the device steps, including the acceleration circuits, is measured, and the correctness of the alarm operation is checked.

The current and voltage corresponding to the emergency mode are applied to all stages and phases (or all combinations of phases) of the device under test and must comply with the following - given:

a) for protections of maximum action - 0.9 and 1.1 trip settings to control the failure of the protection in the first and trip in the second case; to control the action time - current or voltage equal to 1.3 of the trip setting.

For protection with dependent characteristic two or three points of the characteristic are checked.

For current directional protection the rated voltage is supplied with a phase that ensures the operation of the power direction relay.

For differential protection current is supplied alternately to each of the protection arms;

b) for minimum protection- 1.1 and 0.9 trip settings to control the failure of protection in the first case and trip in the second case; to control the action time - current or voltage equal to 0.8 of the trip setting.

For distance protection the time characteristic is removed for resistance values ​​equal to 0Z 1 ; 0.5Z 1 ; 0.9Z 1 ; 1.1Z 1 ; 0.9Z2; 1.1Z2; 0.9Z3; 1.1Z3. The regulation of the time delay of the second and third stages is carried out at resistances equal to 1.1Z 1 and 1.1Z 2, respectively. The time delay of the first stage (if necessary) is adjusted with a resistance of 0.5Z 1 .

The correct behavior of the devices is checked when simulating all possible types of short circuits in the zone and outside the zone of operation of the devices.

1.1.10. Checking the interaction of the tested device with other protection devices, electric automatics, control and signaling and the actions of the device on switching devices (at the rated voltage of the operating current), as well as the restoration of the communication circuits of the device under test with other devices in operation, are carried out according to the approved program.

After checking the action of the tested device on switching devices, work in its communication circuits with switching devices and other devices should not be carried out.

1.1.11. Testing devices with operating current and voltage is the final check of the AC circuit and voltage, correct switching on and behavior of devices.

Before checking devices, the following is performed:

inspection of all relays, blocks, modules, other devices, rows of terminals and jumpers on them;

checking the presence of groundings in the corresponding circuits;

installation of overlays, switches, test blocks and other operational elements in positions that exclude the effect of the device under test on other devices and switching devices;

checking the integrity of the current circuits (from load devices, from the generator to a short circuit, secondary currents, etc.), as well as the correct assembly of the current circuits of the differential protection of generators and transformers, current filter protections.

When checking the operating current and voltage, the following are carried out:

a) checking the serviceability of all current circuits by measuring the secondary load currents in the phases and the integrity of the neutral wire;

b) checking the serviceability and correctness of the connection of voltage circuits.

Voltage circuits are checked in the following scope:

measurement on a number of terminals of linear and phase voltages and zero sequence voltage (zero sequence voltage is additionally measured directly at the relay outputs);

voltage phase sequence check;

checking the phasing of the voltage circuits of the tested connection;

c) checking the correct connection of the current circuits of each group of current transformers by removing the vector diagram and checking it with the actual direction of power in the primary circuit;

d) checking the operation of blocking devices in case of voltage circuit failures by successively disconnecting each of the phases on a number of panel clamps, two and three phases simultaneously, as well as zero (for those types of blocking where it is required);

e) checking the correct operation and unbalances of current and voltage filters of direct, reverse and zero sequences, as well as combined filters;

f) checking the correctness of switching on the power direction relay and directional resistance relays;

g) checking the correctness of the assembly of current circuits of differential protection by measuring currents (voltages) of unbalances;

h) final verification of the correctness of the inclusion of differential-phase protection, protection with HF blocking, longitudinal-differential protection (in accordance with the scope of maintenance of specific types of devices).

A comprehensive check of relay protection and automation devices of generators and generator-transformer units is carried out in accordance with the current Instructions for conducting complex tests of generators and generator-transformer units at power plants.

1.1.12. When preparing relay protection devices, electric automation, remote control and signaling for switching on, the following is performed:

a) re-examination of the relay, the mode of which changed during the test with operating current and voltage;

d) instructing the on-duty personnel on the devices being put into operation and the features of their operation, handing over these devices and instructions for their maintenance to the on-duty personnel;

e) an entry in the relay protection log about the results of the test, the status of the tested devices and the possibility of putting them into operation. Registration of passports-protocols of the device.

1 .2. First preventive control

1.2.1. Preparatory work includes:

a) preparation of the necessary documentation (executive diagrams, current instructions, passport protocols, workbooks, maps of protection and automation settings, programs);

b) preparation of test devices, measuring instruments, connecting wires, spare parts and tools;

c) admission to work and taking measures against the possibility of the device under test affecting other devices.

1.2.2. During an external examination, the casings of the equipment, mounting wires and rows of clamps are cleaned from dust.

During the inspection, check:

c) the condition of the installation of wires and cables, the reliability of contact connections on the rows of clamps, branches from the busbars, relay studs, test blocks, resistors, as well as the reliability of soldering of all elements;

d) condition of seals of cabinet doors, casings of secondary outputs of current and voltage transformers, etc.;

e) the state of control electromagnets and auxiliary contacts of disconnectors, switches, automatic machines and other switching equipment;

f) state of grounding of secondary circuits;

g) the presence and correctness of inscriptions on panels and equipment, the presence of marking cables and wires.

3.2.3. Preliminary check of the given settings is carried out (with the casings closed) in order to determine the operability of the elements and the deviation of the values ​​of the settings from the given ones.

Permissible values ​​​​of maximum deviations of settings from the specified ones are given in Appendix 2, RD 153-34.3-35.613-00 or RD 153-34.3-35.617-2001 ..

If, when checking the settings, their values ​​​​are outside the tolerance limits, an analysis of the causes of the deviation and elimination of the malfunction are performed.

1.2.4. During internal inspection and verification of the mechanical part of the equipment, the following are performed:

a) checking the condition of the sealing of the casings and the integrity of the glasses;

c) cleaning from dust and foreign objects;

d) checking the reliability of contact connections;

e) checking the condition of the insulation of the connecting wires and windings of the equipment:

e) checking the condition of the contact surfaces; in the absence of mechanical damage, soot, shells, oxide film on them, cleaning is not performed;

g) checking and (if necessary) adjusting the mechanical characteristics of the equipment (backlashes, gaps, dips, solutions, deflections, etc.).

1.2.5. Checking the electrical characteristics of the elements is carried out in accordance with the instructions in Sec. 4

RD 153-34.3-35.613-00 or RD 153-34.3-35.617-2001.:

in the scope of preventive restoration, if no disassembly or replacement of elements was carried out;

in the volume of a new inclusion, if such disassembly (replacement) was carried out.

1.2.6. Checking the interactions of the device elements is carried out in accordance with clause 1.1.7.

1.2.7. Measurement and testing of insulation are carried out in accordance with clause 1.1.8; insulation testing is allowed to be carried out with a 2500 V megaohometer.

1.2.8. A comprehensive check of devices is performed in accordance with clause 1.1.9.

1.2.9. Checking the interaction of the tested device with other protection, electroautomatic, control and signaling devices and the action of the device on the switching equipment is carried out in accordance with clause 1.1.10. The action of the device on other devices or switching devices can be checked during the next maintenance or repair of these devices and devices.

1.2.10. Checking the device with operating current and voltage is carried out in accordance with clause 1.1.11.

1.2.11. When preparing relay protection devices, electrical automation, control and signaling for switching on are performed;

a) re-examination of relays, blocks, modules, the mode of which changed during the test with operating current and voltage;

b) checking the position of the signal elements of indicator relays, test blocks, overlays, knife switches, buttons, signal lamps and other devices operated by the duty personnel, as well as jumpers on the rows of clamps;

c) checking the readings of HF transceivers, control devices, etc.;

d) an entry in the relay protection log about the results of the test, the status of the tested devices and the possibility of putting them into operation.

1 .3. Preventive Recovery

1.3.1. Preparatory work is carried out in accordance with clause 1.2.1.

1.3.2. During an external inspection, the casing of the equipment, mounting wires and rows of clamps are cleaned from dust.

On examination, they check;

a) reliability of fastening of the panel, cabinet, drawer, equipment;

b) the absence of mechanical damage to the equipment, the condition of the insulation of the outputs of the relay and other equipment;

c) the state of painting of panels, cabinets, drawers and other elements of the device;

d) the condition of the installation of wires and cables, the reliability of contact connections on the rows of clamps, branches from the busbars, relay studs, test blocks, resistors, as well as the reliability of soldering of all elements;

e) condition of cable terminations of secondary connections;

f) state of sealing of cabinet doors, terminal covers on the side of secondary circuits of current and voltage transformers, etc.;

g) state of grounding of secondary circuits;

h) the state of control electromagnets and auxiliary contacts of disconnectors, switches, automatic machines and other switching equipment;

i) the presence of inscriptions on panels, cabinets, boxes and equipment, the presence of marking cables, cable cores and wires.

1.3.3. A preliminary check of the given settings is carried out in accordance with clause 1.2.3.

1.3.4. During internal inspection and verification of the mechanical part of the equipment, the following are performed:

a) checking the condition of the sealing of the casings and the integrity of the glasses;

b) checking the condition of the parts and the reliability of their fastening;

c) cleaning from dust;

d) checking the reliability of contact connections and rations (which can be checked without disassembling the elements, assembly);

e) checking the tightening of bolts tightening the cores of transformers, chokes, etc.;

f) checking the condition of the insulation of the connecting wires and windings of the equipment;

g) checking the condition of contact surfaces; in the absence of mechanical damage, soot, shells and oxide film on them, cleaning is not performed;

h) checking and (if necessary) regulating the mechanical characteristics of the equipment (backlashes, gaps, dips, solutions, deflections, etc.).

1.3.5. Checking the electrical characteristics is carried out in accordance with clause 1.2.5.

1.3.6. Checking the interaction of the device elements is carried out in accordance with clause 1.1.7.

1.3.7. Measurement and testing of insulation are carried out in accordance with clause 1.1.8; insulation testing is allowed to be carried out with a megohmmeter at 2500 V.

1.3.8. A comprehensive check of the device is carried out in accordance with clause 1.1.9.

1.3.9. Checking the interaction of the device under test with other protection, electroautomatic, control and signaling devices and the action of the device on the switching equipment and the restoration of communication circuits with other devices is carried out in accordance with clause 1.1.10. The action of the device on other devices or switching devices can be checked during the next maintenance or repair of these devices and devices.

1.3.10. Checking the device with operating current and voltage is carried out in accordance with clause 1.2.10.

In cases where the disassembly of voltage current circuits was carried out on test clamps, the test is carried out in accordance with clause 1.1.11, a and b.

1.3.11. Preparation of the device for switching on is carried out in accordance with clause 1.2.11.

1.4. Preventive control

1.4.1. Preparatory work is carried out in accordance with clause 1.2.1.

1.4.2. During an external examination, the following is performed:

a) dust cleaning of equipment and installation cases;

b) inspection of the state of equipment and installation;

c) inspection of the internal elements of the equipment through viewing glasses;

d) inspection of the output relays with the casings removed.

1.4.3. During the internal inspection and verification of the mechanical part of the equipment to be restored in accordance with note 2 of Table 2.3.3 of RD 153-34.3-35.613-00 or RD 153-34.3-35.617-2001.

a) checking the condition of the parts and the reliability of their fastening;

b) cleaning from dust;

c) checking the reliability of contact connections in rations;

d) checking the condition of the contact surfaces; in the absence of mechanical damage, soot, shells and oxide film on them, cleaning is not performed;

e.) checking and (if necessary) adjusting the mechanical characteristics (backlashes, gaps, dips, solutions, deflections, etc.);

e) checking the electrical characteristics in accordance with clause 1.2.5.

1.4.4. The insulation resistance of each of the groups of electrically unconnected secondary circuits with respect to the ground is measured with a 1000 V megohmmeter (see note 2 to clause 1.1.5 e.).

1.4.5. A comprehensive check of the devices is carried out at the rated voltage of the operating current with the emergency mode parameters supplied to the device from an external source and fully assembled circuits of the devices with the relay covers closed; protection time is not measured.

The current and voltage corresponding to the emergency mode are applied to all phases (or all combinations of phases) of the device under test.

For protections with a dependent characteristic, two or three points of the characteristic are taken; for differential protections, the current is alternately supplied to each of the protection arms; the emergency mode parameters corresponding to one point of the first zone and one point outside the zone of operation of the last stage are fed to the step protections; at the same time, the operation and non-operation of all protection stages are checked, respectively.

During the comprehensive check, the correct operation of the alarm is also checked.

1.4.6. When checking the action of the output relays on the switching device, the serviceability of the tripping (closing) circuit is checked by the action on the switching device from the output relays and the restoration of the communication circuits of the device under test with other devices.

1.4.7. Checking devices with operating current and voltage includes:

a) checking the current flow around the current circuits of the device under test;

b) checking the presence of voltage on the device under test;

1.4.8. When preparing the device for switching on, the following are performed:

a) checking the position of the signal elements of indicator relays, test blocks, overlays, knife switches, buttons, signal lamps and other elements;

b) an entry in the relay protection log about the results of the test, the status of the tested devices and the possibility of putting them into operation.

1.5. Test control

1.5.1. Test control is carried out for devices based on microelectronics in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

1.5.2. When carrying out adjustment work, the first preventive control and preventive restoration of RPA devices on a microelectronic basis, test control is carried out twice - after checking the power supply and after checking the device with operating current and voltage. When carrying out preventive control, test control is carried out once - after checking the operating current and voltage.

1.6. Periodic testing

1.6.1. Preparatory work includes:

a) preparation of executive schemes, instructions, passports-protocols and workbooks;

b) admission to work and taking measures to exclude the impact of the device under test on other devices (disassembly of circuits).

1.6.2. Checking the health of the device elements in most cases consists of two parts:

a) testing the element with action on the output relays;

b) testing the action of the output relays on the switching equipment.

The control current voltage during periodic testing should be equal to 0.8 of the rated value, if this is easily achievable.

1.6.3. When preparing the device for switching on, the following is performed:

a) restoration of communication circuits of the tested device with other devices;

b) checking the position of the signal elements of indicator relays, test blocks, overlays, knife switches, buttons, signal lamps and other operational elements.

The results of testing and verification are recorded in the relay protection log.

1.7. Technical inspection

During technical inspection visually control:

a) no external damage to the device and its elements;

b) the condition of the fixtures of the devices on the panels, the wires on the rows of clamps and on the terminals of the devices;