When I faced the problem of laying a gas pipe to my mother-in-law's house, many nuances arose, including the depth of the trench under the pipe, but everything was resolved quite simply, since there are the necessary regulations, it is they that regulate the depth parameters.

You don’t have to invent anything and guess, you just need to know what documents the numbers are written in.

So, you need to refer to SP 62.13330.2011, it is this document that is relevant, having an updated version of the previously accepted documents SP 62.13330.2010 for 2010, based with changes on the document SNiP 42-01-2002 for 2002.

So, here are the norms described in this document, given in their own words (to clarify the data, use the original):

Section 5.1.1. paragraph 4

If the gas pipeline is laid less than 50 meters from the railway tracks, the depth is at least 2.0 meters.

With the exception of laying a gas pipeline to the territory of various industrial enterprises, then you still need to refer to SP 18.13330.2011!

Section 5.1.2. paragraph 4

If the gas pipeline runs with the vapor phase of LPG, then the depth of soil freezing must be taken into account, namely, the gas pipeline must be below this depth.

Section 5.2.1. paragraph 1

The pipe itself should not be lower than 0.8 meters from (attention!) the upper case.

If there is no traffic on the surface, including agricultural machinery, then a norm of at least 0.6 meters is allowed.

But if the gas pipeline is carried out under irrigated or arable land, then the depth is at least 1.2 meters.

It is also worth paying attention to the surface that has erosion damage and landslides, where the sliding mirror is taken as the basis and the depth in this case is at least 0.5 meters from the mirror.

0.5 meters of depth also applies to surfaces that have a predictable damage limit, namely not below this limit.

Section 5.2.4. paragraph 3

If the gas pipeline pipes are polyethylene, then the boundary will be at least 0.9 meters, for pipes with a pressure of 0.3 to 0.6 MPa inclusive.

If the pipe is polyethylene with a pressure of 0.6 to 1.2 MPa inclusive, then the depth is not lower than 1.0 meters.

Section 5.5.4. paragraph 1

If the place of laying the pipeline passes under the railway tracks, then you need to refer to other regulations, namely SP 119.13330.

Paragraph 2 of the section stipulates other conditions, referring to three depths: 1.0 1.5 2.0 meters.

Section 5.6.4. paragraph 1

If the soil is of uniform heaving, then the depth should be:

• 0.7 meters from the so-called freezing depth (calculated depth), and for medium heaving soils at least 0.9 meters.
• 0.8 meters from the so-called freezing depth (calculated depth), and for strongly or excessively heaving soils at least 1.0 meters
• 0.9 meters from the so-called freezing depth (estimated depth), and for an unequal degree of heaving of soils at least 1.0 meters

Section 5.6.4.

specifies the depth of laying the pipeline with the vapor phase of LPG.

All depth measurements are calculated from the top edge of the pipe.

Also, do not forget that these are minimum depth dimensions, so it is best to dig a trench for laying a pipe at least 20% lower.

5.1.1 External gas pipelines should be placed in relation to buildings, structures and utility networks in accordance with Annexes B and C.

Ground gas pipelines in a dike are equated to underground gas pipelines, and ground ones without a dike are equated to aboveground ones.

When laying on the ground in the embankment, the material and dimensions of the embankment should be taken based on the heat engineering calculation, as well as ensuring the stability of the gas pipeline and the embankment.

When laying underground gas pipelines with a pressure of up to 0.6 MPa in cramped conditions, in certain sections of the route, between buildings and under the arches of buildings, as well as gas pipelines with a pressure of more than 0.6 MPa when they approach separate auxiliary buildings (buildings without the constant presence of people) it is allowed to reduce distances by no more than 50% in cramped conditions and no more than 25% in special natural conditions (see appendices B and C). At the same time, in the areas of approach and at a distance of at least 5 m in each direction from these areas, the following should be applied:

• for steel gas pipelines:
• seamless pipes;
• electric-welded pipes with 100% control by physical methods of factory welded joints;
• electric-welded pipes that have not passed the above control, laid in a protective case;
• for polyethylene gas pipelines:
• long pipes without connections;
• pipes of measured length, connected by butt welding with a heated tool, made on a welding technique of a high degree of automation, or connected by parts to the ZN;
• pipes of measured length, welded by welding equipment of an average degree of automation, laid in a case;
• cut-to-length pipes welded by manual welding technique with 100% control of joints by physical methods, laid in a case.

Mounting joints of steel gas pipelines must undergo 100% control by physical methods.

When laying gas pipelines in cramped conditions along railways, one should be guided by Appendix B.

When laying gas pipelines at a distance of less than 50 m from the railways of the general network and external railway sidings of enterprises in the approach area and at a distance of 5 m in each direction, the laying depth must be at least 2.0 m. Butt welded joints must pass 100% physical control.

At the same time, polyethylene pipes must be made of PE 100 with a safety factor of at least 3.2 and 2.0 for gas pipelines laid on the territory of settlements and urban districts, and between settlements, respectively, and the wall thickness of steel pipes should be 2- 3 mm more than calculated. For gas pipelines with pressure up to 0.3 MPa inclusive, it is allowed to use polyethylene pipes made of PE 80 with a safety factor of at least 3.2.

It is allowed to lay gas pipelines with a pressure of more than 0.6 MPa in the settlement at the entrance to the industrial center (industrial zone), as well as in the undeveloped part of the settlement, if this does not contradict the schemes for locating capital construction objects provided for by the general plan of the settlement.

5.1.2 Gas pipelines should be laid underground.

In exceptional cases, above-ground laying of gas pipelines along the walls of buildings inside residential courtyards and quarters, as well as in certain sections of the route, including sections of crossings through artificial and natural barriers, when crossing engineering and technical support networks, is allowed. Such laying of gas pipelines may be envisaged with appropriate justification and carried out in places where access of unauthorized persons to the gas pipeline is restricted.

Ground gas pipelines with dikes can be laid under special soil and hydrological conditions. The material and dimensions of the embankment should be taken on the basis of thermal engineering calculations, as well as ensuring the stability of the gas pipeline and embankment.

The height of laying of aboveground gas pipelines and the depth of laying of underground gas pipelines should be taken as for gas pipelines of gas distribution networks and gas consumption of natural gas, except for specified cases.

It is allowed to lay low-pressure LPG vapor phase gas pipelines along the walls of buildings in accordance with 5.3.1 and Table 3.

The laying of gas pipelines, including LPG gas pipelines, if it is provided for by the functional requirements for the HPS and HPP, should be provided above ground.

5.1.3 Laying of gas pipelines in tunnels, collectors and channels is not allowed. The exception is the laying of steel gas pipelines with a pressure of up to 0.6 MPa in accordance with the requirements of SP 18.13330 on the territory of industrial enterprises, as well as in channels in permafrost soils under roads and railways and LPG gas pipelines under roads in the territory.

5.1.4 Pipe connections should be provided as one-piece connections. Detachable can be connections of steel pipes with polyethylene and in places where technical devices and gas-using equipment are installed. Detachable connections of polyethylene pipes with steel pipes in the ground should be provided, provided that a case with a control tube is installed.

5.1.5 Gas pipelines at the points of entry and exit from the ground, as well as gas pipeline entries into buildings, must be enclosed in a case. The ends of the case at the points of entry and exit of the gas pipeline from the ground, the gap between the gas pipeline and the case at the inlets of the gas pipeline into buildings should be sealed with elastic material for the entire length of the case. The space between the wall and the case should be sealed with, for example, cement mortar, concrete, etc. for the entire thickness of the intersected structure (if possible).

Cases at the outlet and inlet of the gas pipeline from the ground, provided that it has a protective coating that is resistant to external influences, may not be installed.

5.1.6 It is necessary to provide for the entry of gas pipelines into buildings directly into the room in which the gas-using equipment is installed, or into the adjacent room, connected by an open opening.

It is not allowed to lay gas pipelines through the foundations of buildings (except for specified cases) and under the foundations.

It is not allowed to enter gas pipelines into the premises of the basement and basement floors of buildings, except for the inputs of natural gas pipelines and low-pressure LPG vapor phase into single-apartment and block houses.

In seismic areas, the introduction of a gas pipeline into a non-seismic building is allowed only underground:

5.1.7 Disconnecting devices on gas pipelines should be provided for:

• in front of detached or blocked buildings;
• to disconnect the risers of residential buildings above five floors;
• in front of outdoor gas-using equipment;
• in front of the gas reduction points (GRP), with the exception of the GRP of enterprises, on the branch of the gas pipeline to which there is a disconnecting device at a distance of less than 100 m from the GRP; at the outlet of the GRP, looped by gas pipelines;
• on branches from gas pipelines to settlements, individual microdistricts, quarters, groups of residential buildings (with more than 400 apartments in a separate house), as well as on branches to industrial consumers and boiler houses;
• when crossing water barriers with two or more lines of a gas pipeline, as well as one line with a width of a water barrier with a low-water horizon of 75 m or more;
• when crossing railways of the general network and motor roads of categories I-II, if the disconnecting device that ensures the interruption of the gas supply at the crossing section is located at a distance of more than 1000 m from the roads.

At the input of gas pipelines to the pump-compressor and filling compartments, a disconnecting device with an electric drive is provided outside the building at a distance of at least 5 and not more than 30 m from the building.

5.1.8 Disconnecting devices on aboveground gas pipelines laid along the walls of buildings and on supports should be placed at a distance (within a radius) from door and opening window openings, at least, m:

• for low pressure gas pipelines of category IV - 0.5;
• for medium pressure gas pipelines of category III - 1;
• for high pressure gas pipelines of category II - 3;
• for high-pressure gas pipelines of category I - 5.

The places of installation of disconnecting devices must be protected from unauthorized access to them by unauthorized persons.

In the areas of transit laying of gas pipelines along the walls of buildings, the installation of disconnecting devices is not allowed.

Installation of disconnecting devices under balconies and loggias is also not allowed.

5.1.9 At the sites of connection to the gas distribution pipeline of gas pipelines-inlets to individual buildings for various purposes, apartment buildings, boiler houses and industrial consumers, gas flow safety valves (controllers) without a bypass hole (bypass hole for automatic pressure equalization) must be installed. Gas flow controllers are installed on a gas pipeline - an inlet with a diameter of up to 160 mm inclusive with a pressure of 0.0025 MPa at the point of its connection to the distribution gas pipeline. In other cases, the question of the need and possibility of installing a gas flow controller is decided by the design organization. It is allowed to install a gas flow controller for a single-family house in agreement with the owner.

5.2 Underground gas pipelines

5.2.1 Laying of gas pipelines should be carried out at a depth of at least 0.8 m to the top of the gas pipeline or case. In those places where the movement of vehicles and agricultural vehicles is not provided, the depth of laying steel gas pipelines is allowed at least 0.6 m.

In landslide and erosion-prone areas, gas pipelines should be laid to a depth of at least 0.5 m below the sliding mirror and below the boundary of the predicted destruction area.

5.2.2 The vertical distance (in the light) between the gas pipeline (case) and underground utility networks and structures at their intersections should be taken in accordance with Appendix B.

5.2.3 At the intersection of gas pipelines with underground communication collectors and channels for various purposes, heating mains of channelless laying, as well as at places where gas pipelines pass through the walls of gas wells, the gas pipeline should be laid in a case. When crossing with heating networks, it is necessary to provide for the laying of gas pipelines in steel cases.

Cases for polyethylene gas pipelines of all pressures on the territory of settlements should be additionally installed at the intersection with underground utility networks located below the gas pipeline route.

The ends of the case must be led out at a distance of at least 2 m on both sides from the outer walls of the structures and communications being crossed, when crossing the walls of gas wells - at a distance of at least 2 cm. The ends of the case must be sealed with waterproofing material.

At one end of the case at the top of the slope (except for the intersections of the walls of the wells), a control tube should be provided that goes under the protective device.

In the annular space of the case and the gas pipeline, it is allowed to lay an operational cable (communications, telemechanics and electrical protection) with a voltage of up to 60 V, intended for servicing gas distribution networks.

5.2.4 For the construction of gas pipelines, polyethylene pipes are used in accordance with GOST R 50838 and fittings in accordance with GOST R 52779 with a safety factor of at least 2.0.

The laying of polyethylene gas pipelines with a pressure of up to 0.3 MPa inclusive in the territories of settlements (rural and urban) and urban districts should be carried out using pipes and fittings made of polyethylene PE 80 and PE 100 with a safety factor of at least 2.6.

When laying polyethylene gas pipelines with a pressure of more than 0.3 to 0.6 MPa inclusive in the territories of settlements and urban districts, pipes and fittings made of polyethylene PE 100 with a safety factor of at least 3.2 should be used. On the territory of rural settlements, it is allowed to lay polyethylene gas pipelines using pipes and fittings made of polyethylene PE 80 with a safety factor of at least 3.2 or polyethylene PE 100 with a safety factor of at least 2.6 with a laying depth of at least 0.9 m to the top of the pipe.

The safety factor of polyethylene pipes and fittings made of polyethylene PE 80 used for the construction of gas pipelines outside settlements and urban districts (inter-settlement) must be at least 2.5.

When laying inter-settlement polyethylene gas pipelines with a pressure of up to 0.6 MPa inclusive, it is allowed to use pipes and fittings made of PE 80 and PE 100 polyethylene. less than 0.9 m to the top of the pipe.

When laying inter-settlement polyethylene gas pipelines with a pressure of more than 0.6 to 1.2 MPa, inclusive, pipes and fittings made of polyethylene PE 100 must be used. the depth of the laying must be at least 1.2 m to the top of the pipe. The laying of polyethylene gas pipelines with a pressure of more than 0.6 MPa using pipes made of PE 80 is allowed provided that the laying depth is increased by at least 0.1 m.

For the construction of gas pipelines with a pressure of more than 0.6 MPa, reinforced polyethylene pipes and fittings can be used. In this case, the laying depth must be at least 1.0 m to the top of the pipe, and when laying gas pipelines on arable and irrigated lands, the laying depth must be at least 1.2 m to the top of the pipe.

It is allowed to lay polyethylene gas pipelines from PE 100 with a pressure of over 0.6 to 1.2 MPa inclusive in the settlement at the entrance to the industrial center (industrial zone), as well as in the undeveloped part of the settlement, if this does not contradict the schemes for locating capital construction objects provided for by the general plan of the settlement.

For the construction of polyethylene gas pipelines, it is allowed to use connecting parts - one-piece connections (polyethylene - steel), subject to confirmation of their suitability for use in construction in the prescribed manner.

It is not allowed to lay gas pipelines from polyethylene pipes for transporting gases containing aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons, as well as the vapor phase of LPG of medium and high pressure and at a temperature of the wall of gas pipelines under operating conditions below minus 20 ° C.

The use of copper and reinforced polyethylene pipes for transporting the liquid phase of LPG is not allowed.

5.3 Above ground gas pipelines

5.3.1 Above-ground gas pipelines, depending on pressure, should be placed on supports made of non-combustible materials or on building structures of buildings and structures in accordance with Table 3.

Table 3

5.3.2 Transit laying of gas pipelines of all pressures along the walls and above the roofs of public buildings, including administrative buildings, administrative and household buildings is not allowed.

It is forbidden to lay gas pipelines of all pressures along the walls, above and below the premises of categories A and B, except for the buildings of the GNS and GNP, determined by fire safety standards.

In justified cases, transit laying of gas pipelines is allowed not higher than the average pressure with a conditional passage of up to 100 along the walls of one residential building not lower than the degree of fire resistance III, constructive fire hazard C0 and at a distance below the roof of at least 0.2 m.

In justified cases, the transit laying of gas pipelines through the territories of facilities that are not supplied with gas from this gas pipeline must be agreed with the owner (right holder) of this facility and the operating organization.

5.3.3 High-pressure natural gas pipelines should be laid along blank walls and sections of walls or at a height of at least 0.5 m above window and door openings, as well as other open openings of the upper floors of industrial buildings and administrative and amenity buildings adjacent to them. The gas pipeline must be laid below the roof of the building at a distance of at least 0.2 m.

Natural gas pipelines of low and medium pressure may also be laid along the sashes or mullions of non-opening windows and cross the window openings of industrial buildings and boiler rooms filled with glass blocks.

5.3.4 The height of the laying of aboveground gas pipelines should be taken in accordance with the requirements of SP 18.13330.

5.3.5 On pedestrian and automobile bridges built of non-combustible materials, it is allowed to lay gas pipelines with a pressure of up to 0.6 MPa from seamless or electric-welded pipes that have passed 100% control of factory welded joints by physical methods. Laying of gas pipelines on pedestrian and automobile bridges built of combustible materials is not allowed. The laying of the gas pipeline along the bridges must prevent the ingress of gas into the closed spaces of the bridges.

5.4 Crossing of water barriers and ravines by gas pipelines

5.4.1 Underwater and surface gas pipelines in places where they cross water barriers (rivers, streams, reservoirs, canals, etc.) should be placed at a horizontal distance from bridges in accordance with Table 4.

Table 4

5.4.2 Gas pipelines at underwater crossings should be laid deep into the bottom of the crossed water barriers. If necessary, according to the results of calculations for the ascent, the pipeline is ballasted. The mark of the top of the gas pipeline (ballast, lining) should be at least 0.5 m, and at crossings through navigable and raftable water barriers - 1.0 m lower than the bottom profile predicted for a period of 25 years. When laying a gas pipeline using directional drilling, the mark must be at least 2.0 m below the predicted bottom profile.

When crossing non-navigable water barriers, it is allowed to lay underwater gas pipelines made of pipes with a ballast coating in a factory-made containment shell, without being buried in the bottom, provided that their suitability for the specified purposes is confirmed in the prescribed manner.

5.4.3 At underwater crossings, the following should be used:

• steel pipes with a wall thickness of 2 mm more than the calculated one, but not less than 5 mm; polyethylene pipes and fittings made of PE 100, having a standard dimensional ratio of not more than SDR 11 with a safety factor of at least 2.0.

When laying a gas pipeline with a pressure of up to 1.2 MPa using the directional drilling method, in all cases it is allowed to use polyethylene pipes made of PE 100 with a safety factor of at least 2.0.

At underwater crossings up to 25 m wide, located outside settlements, it is allowed to use polyethylene pipes and fittings made of PE 80 with SDR not more than SDR 11 in gas pipelines with pressure up to 0.6 MPa.

When laying a gas pipeline with a pressure of up to 0.6 MPa using the directional drilling method, in all cases it is allowed to use polyethylene pipes made of PE 80 with an SDR of not more than SDR 11.

5.4.4 The height of laying the above-water crossing of the gas pipeline from the calculated level of water rise or ice drift [high water horizon (HWH) or ice drift (HWL)] to the bottom of the pipe or span should be taken:

• when crossing ravines and ravines - not less than 0.5 m above the GVV of 5% security;
• when crossing non-navigable and non-alloyable rivers - at least 0.2 m above the GWV and GVL of 2% security, and if there is a stump walker on the rivers, taking it into account, but not less than 1 m above the GWV of 1% security (taking into account surge waves);
• when crossing navigable and raftable rivers - not less than the values ​​established by the design standards for bridge crossings on navigable rivers.

Shut-off valves should be located at least 10 m from the borders of the transition or areas subject to erosion or landslides. The crossing point of the high water horizon with a 10% probability is taken as the transition boundary.

5.5 Gas pipelines crossing railways, trams and roads

5.5.1 Horizontal distances from the intersections of underground gas pipelines of tram and railway tracks, highways, main streets and roads must be at least, m:

• to bridges and tunnels on railways of general networks and external railway sidings of enterprises, tram tracks, motor roads of categories I-III, main streets and roads, as well as to pedestrian bridges, tunnels through them - 30, and for internal railway sidings of enterprises , motor roads of categories IV-V and pipes - 15;
• to the turnout zone (the beginning of the wits, the tail of the crosses, the places where suction cables are attached to the rails and other track crossings) - 4 for tram tracks and 20 for railways;
• to the supports of the contact network - 3.

It is allowed to reduce the distances indicated above in agreement with the organizations in charge of the structures being crossed.

5.5.2 Underground gas pipelines of all pressures at the intersections with railway and tram tracks, motor roads of categories I-IV, as well as with main streets and roads should be laid in cases. In other cases, the issue of the need to arrange cases is decided by the design organization.

Cases must meet the requirements for strength and durability. At one end of the case, a control tube should be provided that goes under the protective device.

5.5.3 The ends of the cases when gas pipelines cross the railways of the general network and external access railway lines of enterprises should be removed at a distance from them not less than those established by SNiP 32-01. When laying inter-settlement gas pipelines in cramped conditions and gas pipelines on the territory of settlements, it is allowed to reduce this distance to 10 m, provided that at one end of the case an exhaust candle with a sampling device is installed at a distance of at least 50 m from the bottom of the embankment, excavation of the subgrade (axis extreme rail at zero marks).

When crossing underground gas pipelines, the ends of the cases should be located at a distance of:

• at least 2 m from the bottom of the subgrade (the axis of the extreme rail at zero marks) of the tram track, internal access railway lines of enterprises;
• not less than 2 m from the curb, shoulder, slope foot of the embankment of highways, main streets and roads;
• at least 3 m from the edge of drainage structures (ditch, ditches, reserve).

In other cases, the ends of the cases should be located at a distance of:

• not less than 2 m from the outer rail of the tram track and internal access railway lines of enterprises, as well as from the edge of the carriageway of the streets;
• not less than 3 m from the edge of the drainage structure of roads (ditch, ditches, reserve), but not less than 2 m from the bottom of the embankments.5.5.4

When gas pipelines cross railways of the general network and external access railway lines of enterprises, the depth of laying the gas pipeline must comply with the requirements of SNiP 32-01.

In other cases, the depth of laying the gas pipeline from the bottom of the rail or the top of the road pavement and main streets and roads from the bottom of the embankment to the top of the case must comply with safety requirements, but be at least, m:

• 1.0 - when designing a gasket in an open way;
• 1.5 - when designing a gasket by punching or directional drilling and shield penetration;
• 2.5 - when designing the gasket by the puncture method.

When designing the laying of a gas pipeline by other methods, the depth of laying the gas pipeline is taken taking into account the requirements of technical and operational documentation and safety.

Laying of gas pipelines in the body of embankments of roads and main streets is not allowed, except for specified cases.

5.5.5 The wall thickness of the pipes of the steel gas pipeline when it crosses public railways should be 2-3 mm higher than the calculated one, but not less than 5 mm at distances of 50 m in each direction from the bottom of the slope of the embankment (the axis of the extreme rail at zero marks).

For polyethylene gas pipelines in these sections and intersections of highways of categories I-III, main streets and roads, pipes and fittings with SDR not more than SDR 11 with a safety factor of at least 3.2 should be used for gas pipelines laid in the territories of settlements and urban districts , and not less than 2.5 and 2.0 - for inter-settlement gas pipelines from PE 80 and PE 100, respectively.

At the same time, cases made of non-metallic and steel pipes should be used on gas pipelines.

5.6 Additional requirements for gas pipelines in special conditions

5.6.1 Special conditions include heaving (except for weakly heaving), subsidence (except for type I subsidence), swelling (except for slightly swelling), permafrost, rocky, eluvial soils, areas with seismicity over 6 and 7 points, undermined (except for group IV) and karst areas (except for areas where, according to the karst assessment conclusion, anti-karst measures are not required), as well as other soil and man-made conditions under which negative impacts on the gas pipeline are possible.

For cities with a population of more than 1 million people with a seismicity of more than 6 points, as well as cities with a population of more than 100 thousand people with a seismicity of more than 7 points, gas supply should be provided from two sources - main GDS or more with their placement in opposite sides of the city . At the same time, high and medium pressure gas pipelines should be designed as looped ones with their division into sections by disconnecting devices.

5.6.2 Crossings of gas pipelines across rivers up to 80 m wide, ravines and railway tracks in cuts laid in areas with a seismicity of more than 7 points should be provided above ground. Limiters for the movement of gas pipeline supports must ensure its free movement and exclude the possibility of dropping from the supports. In justified cases, it is allowed to lay gas pipelines from polyethylene pipes with a protective sheath.

5.6.3 When designing underground gas pipelines in seismic areas, in undermined and karst areas, at intersections with other underground utilities, at the corners of turns of gas pipelines with a bending radius of less than five diameters at the points of network branching, the transition of underground laying to aboveground, the location of permanent connections ( polyethylene - steel), as well as within the settlements on the linear sections of steel gas pipelines every 50 m, control tubes should be provided.

5.6.4 In soils of varying degrees of heaving, as well as in bulk soils with heaving properties, the depth of laying gas pipelines to the top of the pipe must be at least 0.9 of the standard freezing depth, but not less than 1.0 m. This requirement applies to areas with unequal degree of heaving and at distances equal to 50 nominal diameters of gas pipelines on both sides of their border.

With uniform heaving of soils, the depth of laying the gas pipeline to the top of the pipe should be, m:

• not less than 0.7 of the standard freezing depth, but not less than 0.9 for medium heaving soils;
• not less than 0.8 of the standard freezing depth, but not less than 1.0 for strongly and excessively heaving soils.

5.6.5 For LPG tank installations with underground tanks designed under special conditions, above-ground laying of liquid and vapor phase gas pipelines connecting the tanks should be provided.

5.6.6 In case of seismicity of more than 7 points, in undermined and karst areas, in areas of permafrost soils for polyethylene gas pipelines, the following shall be used: pipes and fittings made of PE 100 with SDR not more than SDR 11 with a safety factor of at least 3.2 for gas pipelines, laid in the territories of settlements and urban districts, and not less than 2.0 - for inter-settlement gas pipelines. It is allowed under the specified special conditions to use pipes and fittings made of PE 80 with a safety factor of at least 3.2 in polyethylene gas pipelines with a pressure of up to 0.3 MPa. When laying gas pipelines in rocky soils, pipes made of polyethylene with a protective sheath in accordance with GOST R 50838 should be used. Welded butt joints must undergo 100% control by physical methods.

5.6.7 When designing gas pipeline entries into buildings, compensation of the gas pipeline should be provided for, taking into account possible movements (settlement, bulging) of buildings and the gas pipeline itself.

5.7 Rehabilitation of worn-out underground steel gas pipelines

5.7.1 For the restoration (reconstruction) and overhaul of worn out underground steel gas pipelines, the following are used:

• in the territory of settlements and urban districts:
• at pressures up to 0.3 MPa inclusive - drawing pipes made of PE 80 and PE 100 polyethylene with a safety factor of at least 2.6 in the gas pipeline without welded joints or connected using parts with ZN, or butt-welded using high-grade welding technology automation;
• at pressures above 0.3 to 0.6 MPa inclusive - pulling pipes made of polyethylene PE 80 and PE 100 in the gas pipeline with a safety factor of at least 3.2 without welded joints or connected using parts with ZN or butt welding using welding equipment high degree of automation;
• at pressures up to 1.2 MPa inclusive - lining the cleaned inner surface of gas pipelines with a synthetic fabric hose on a special two-component adhesive, subject to confirmation in the prescribed manner of their suitability for these purposes for the specified pressure or in accordance with the standards (technical specifications), the scope of which extends to given pressure;
• outside settlements and urban districts:
• at pressures up to 0.6 MPa inclusive - drawing pipes made of polyethylene PE 80 and PE 100 in a gas pipeline with a safety factor of at least 2.6 without welded joints or connected by means of parts with ZN or butt welding using welding equipment of a high degree of automation;
• at pressures above 0.6 to 1.2 MPa inclusive - pulling pipes made of PE 100 polyethylene with a safety factor of at least 2.0 in the gas pipeline without welded joints or connected using parts with GL or butt welding using welding equipment of a high degree of automation . The space between a polyethylene pipe and a worn-out steel gas pipeline (framework) with a pressure of more than 0.6 to 1.2 MPa inclusive must be filled (if possible) along the entire length with a sealing (sealing), for example, foam material;
• at pressures up to 1.2 MPa inclusive - lining the cleaned inner surface of gas pipelines with a synthetic fabric hose on a special two-component adhesive, subject to confirmation in the prescribed manner of their suitability for these purposes for the specified pressure or in accordance with the standards (technical specifications), the scope of which extends to given pressure.

When pulling, polyethylene pipes are used without a protective sheath, with a protective sheath, with co-extrusion layers.

For the restoration (reconstruction) and overhaul of worn-out underground steel gas pipelines outside and on the territory of settlements and urban districts, other reconstruction technologies are allowed: pulling polyethylene pipes with short pipes connected to each other into a long pipe, reduced in diameter, pulling thin-walled profiled pipes SDR 21 and SDR 26, laying polyethylene pipes instead of worn-out steel pipes by their destruction or other technologies, subject to confirmation in the prescribed manner of their suitability for these purposes for the specified pressure.

5.7.2 Restoration and overhaul of worn-out steel gas pipelines may be carried out without changing the pressure, with an increase or decrease in pressure compared to the pressure in the existing gas pipeline.

It is allowed to keep:

• intersections of the restored areas with underground utilities without installing additional cases;
• depth of laying of the restored gas pipelines;
• distances from the restored gas pipeline to buildings, structures and networks of engineering and technical support according to its actual location, if the pressure in the restored gas pipeline does not change or when the pressure in the restored gas pipeline rises to 0.3 MPa.

Restoration of worn-out steel gas pipelines with the possibility of increasing pressure to high pressure is allowed if the distances to buildings, structures and utility networks meet the requirements for a high-pressure gas pipeline.

5.7.3 The size ratio of polyethylene and steel pipes during reconstruction by pulling is selected based on the possibility of free passage of polyethylene pipes and parts inside worn steel pipes and ensuring the integrity of polyethylene pipes. The ends of the reconstructed sections between the new polyethylene and worn steel pipes must be sealed.

External gas pipelines, structures / SNiP 2.04.08-87*

General instructions

4.1. The requirements of this section apply to the design of external gas pipelines from GDS or GRP to gas consumers (exterior walls of buildings and structures).

4.2. Projects of external gas pipelines laid across the territory of settlements should be carried out on topographic plans on the scale provided for by GOST 21.610-85. It is allowed to carry out projects of inter-settlement gas pipelines on the plans of M 1:5000 when fixing the axis of the route in kind. It is allowed not to make longitudinal profiles of sections of a gas pipeline laid on a terrain with a calm relief, in the absence of intersections of the gas pipeline with natural barriers and various structures.

* Sections, paragraphs, tables, formulas that have been amended are marked in these building codes and rules with an asterisk.

4.3. The laying of external gas pipelines on the territory of settlements should be provided. As a rule, underground in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 2.07.01-89*. Above-ground and surface laying of external gas pipelines is allowed inside residential areas and courtyards, as well as on other separate sections of the route.
The laying of gas pipelines in relation to the subway should be provided in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 2.07.01.89 *.
On the territory of industrial enterprises, the laying of external gas pipelines should be carried out, as a rule, aboveground in accordance with the requirements of SNiP II-89-80 *.

4.4.* The choice of the route of underground gas pipelines should be made taking into account the corrosive activity of soils and the presence of stray currents in accordance with the requirements of GOST 9.602-89.

4.5.* The entry of gas pipelines into residential buildings should be provided for in non-residential premises accessible for inspection of gas pipelines. In existing residential buildings owned by citizens on the basis of personal property rights, it is allowed to enter a gas pipeline into a residential building where a heating stove is installed, provided that a disconnecting device is placed outside the building.
The entry of gas pipelines into public buildings should be provided directly into the room where gas appliances are installed, or into corridors.
The placement of disconnecting devices should be provided, as a rule, outside the building.

4.6. The entry of gas pipelines into the buildings of industrial enterprises and other buildings of an industrial nature should be provided directly to the room where the gas-consuming units are located, or to the room adjacent to it, provided that these rooms are connected by an open opening. In this case, the air exchange in the adjacent room should be at least three times per hour.

4.7. Gas pipelines should not pass through the foundations and under the foundations of buildings. It is allowed to cross the foundations at the inlet and outlet of hydraulic fracturing gas pipelines.
4.8. The entry of gas pipelines into technical undergrounds and technical corridors and the wiring through these premises in residential buildings and public buildings is allowed only when external low-pressure gas pipelines are connected to them in intra-quarter collectors.

4.9. It is not allowed to enter gas pipelines into basements, elevator rooms, ventilation chambers and mines, rooms for garbage bins, transformer substations, switchgear, engine rooms, storage rooms, rooms related to explosion and fire hazard categories A and B.
4.10. Constructive solutions for bushings should be taken taking into account the requirements of paragraphs. 4.18 and 4.19*.

4.11. Connections of steel pipes should be provided for welding.
Detachable (flanged and threaded) connections should be provided at the installation sites of stop valves, on condensate collectors and hydraulic seals, at the points of connection of instrumentation and electrical protection devices.

4.12. Detachable connections on gas pipelines are not allowed to be provided in the ground.

Underground gas pipelines

4.13.* The minimum horizontal distances from underground and surface (in the embankment) gas pipelines to buildings (except hydraulic fracturing) and structures should be taken in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 2.07.01-89*. The specified distances from hydraulic fracturing buildings to incoming and outgoing gas pipelines are not standardized.
It is allowed to reduce to 50% the distances specified in SNiP 2.07.01-89 * for gas pipelines with a pressure of up to 0.6 MPa (6 kgf / cm2), when laying them between buildings and under the arches of buildings, in cramped conditions in certain sections of the route, as well as from gas pipelines with a pressure of over 0.6 MPa (6 kgf / cm2) to separate non-residential and utility buildings.
In these cases, in the areas of approach and 5 m to each side of these areas, the following should be provided:
the use of seamless or electric-welded pipes that have passed 100% control of the factory welded joint by non-destructive methods, or electric-welded pipes that have not passed such control, but are laid in a case; verification of all welded (mounting) joints by non-destructive testing methods.

The distance from the gas pipeline to the outer walls of wells and chambers of other underground engineering networks should be taken at least 0.3 m. In areas where the clear distance from the gas pipeline to wells and chambers of other underground engineering networks is from 0.3 m to the standard distance for this communications, gas pipelines should be laid in compliance with the requirements for laying gas pipelines in cramped conditions.

When laying electric-welded pipes in a case, the latter must extend at least 2 m in each direction from the wall of the well or chamber.
The distances from the gas pipeline to the supports of the overhead communication line, the contact network of the tram, trolley bus and electrified railways should be taken as to the supports of the overhead power lines of the corresponding voltage.

The minimum distances from gas pipelines to the heat network of a channelless laying with longitudinal drainage should be taken similarly to the channel laying of heat networks.
The minimum clear distances from the gas pipeline to the nearest pipe of the heating network of a channelless laying without drainage should be taken as to the water supply. Distances from anchor supports that go beyond the dimensions of the pipes of the heating network should be taken taking into account the safety of the latter.

The minimum horizontal distance from the gas pipeline to the pressure sewer can be taken as to the water supply.
The distance from the gas pipeline to the narrow gauge railway tracks should be taken as to the tram tracks according to SNiP 2.07.01-89*.
Distances from gas pipelines to warehouses and enterprises with flammable materials should be taken according to the norms of these enterprises, but not less than the distances specified in SNiP 2.07.01-89 *.
The minimum horizontal and vertical distances from gas pipelines to main gas pipelines and oil pipelines should be taken in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 2.05.06-85.
Distances from inter-settlement gas pipelines with a pressure of 0.6 MPa or more to the bottom of the embankment and the edge of the slope of the excavation or from the extreme rail at the zero marks of the railways of the general network should be taken at least 50 m. the specified distance to the values ​​given in SNiP 2.07.01-89 *, provided that the gas pipeline is laid in this section at a depth of at least 2.0 m, the pipe wall thickness is increased by 2-3 mm more than the calculated one and all welded joints are checked by non-destructive testing methods .

4.14. It is allowed to lay two or more gas pipelines in one trench, at the same or different levels (steps). At the same time, the clear distances between gas pipelines should be provided sufficient for installation and repair of pipelines.

4.15. * The vertical distance in the light at the intersection of gas pipelines of all pressures with underground engineering networks should be taken at least 0.2 m, with electrical networks - in accordance with the PUE, with cable communication lines and radio broadcasting networks - in accordance with VSN 116-87 and VSN 600-81 approved by the USSR Ministry of Communications.

4.16. In places where underground gas pipelines intersect heat network channels, communication collectors, channels for various purposes with a passage above or below the crossed structure, it is necessary to provide for laying the gas pipeline in a case extending 2 m on both sides of the outer walls of the crossed structures, as well as checking by non-destructive methods of testing all welded joints within the intersection and 5 m apart from the outer walls of the structures being crossed.
At one end of the case, a control tube should be provided that goes under the protective device.

4.17. The depth of laying gas pipelines should be taken at least 0.8 m to the top of the gas pipeline or case.
In places where traffic is not expected, the depth of gas pipelines may be reduced to 0.6 m.

4.18. The laying of gas pipelines transporting undried gas should be provided below the zone of seasonal freezing of the soil with a slope of at least 2‰ to the condensate collectors.
Inlets of gas pipelines of dry gas into buildings and structures should be provided with a slope towards the distribution gas pipeline. If, due to the conditions of the terrain, the necessary slope to the distribution gas pipeline cannot be created, it is allowed to provide for laying the gas pipeline with a break in the profile with the installation of a condensate collector at the lowest point.
The laying of gas pipelines for the vapor phase of LPG should be provided in accordance with the instructions in Sec. nine.

4.19.* Gas ​​pipelines in places of passage through the outer walls of buildings should be enclosed in cases.
The space between the wall and the case should be carefully sealed for the entire thickness of the crossed structure.
The ends of the case should be sealed with elastic material.

4.20. The laying of gas pipelines in soils with the inclusion of construction debris and humus should be provided with a foundation for the gas pipeline made of soft or sandy soil with a thickness of at least 10 cm (over protruding irregularities in the bases); backfilling with the same soil to the full depth of the trench.
In soils with a bearing capacity of less than 0.025 MPa (0.25 kgf / cm2), as well as in soils with construction debris and humus, the bottom of the trench should be reinforced by laying antiseptic wooden beams, concrete beams, piling the base or ramming crushed stone or gravel. In this case, the backfilling of soil under the gas pipeline and backfilling should be carried out as indicated in the first paragraph of this paragraph.

4.21. In the presence of groundwater, measures should be taken to prevent the ascent of gas pipelines, if this is confirmed by the calculation.

Overground and surface gas pipelines

4.22.* Aboveground gas pipelines should be laid on free-standing supports, shelves and columns made of non-combustible materials or along the walls of buildings.
In this case, laying is allowed:

• on free-standing supports, columns, overpasses and whatnots - gas pipelines of all pressures;
• along the walls of industrial buildings with premises of categories C, D and D - gas pipelines with a pressure of up to 0.6 MPa (6 kgf / cm2);
• on the walls of public buildings and residential buildings not lower than III-IIIa degree of fire resistance - gas pipelines with a pressure of up to 0.3 MPa (3 kgf / cm2);
• along the walls of public buildings and residential buildings of the IV-V degree of fire resistance - low-pressure gas pipelines with a nominal pipe diameter, as a rule, not more than 50 mm, and when gas pressure regulators are placed on the outer walls and other structures of these buildings - gas pipelines with a pressure of up to 0.3 MPa - in the areas before entering them into the regulators.

The transit laying of gas pipelines is prohibited:

• along the walls of buildings of children's institutions, hospitals, schools and entertainment enterprises - gas pipelines of all pressures;
• along the walls of residential buildings - gas pipelines of medium and high pressure.

It is forbidden to lay gas pipelines of all pressures in buildings with walls made of panels with metal sheathing and polymer insulation and in buildings of categories A and B.

4.23. Aboveground gas pipelines laid on the territory of industrial enterprises, and supports for these gas pipelines should be designed taking into account the requirements of SNiP II-89-80 * and SNiP 2.09.03-85.

4.24. High-pressure gas pipelines are allowed to be laid along blank walls, above windows and doorways of one-story and above the windows of the upper floors of multi-storey industrial buildings with explosion and fire hazard rooms of categories C, D and D and auxiliary buildings interlocked with them, as well as buildings of separate boiler rooms.
In industrial buildings, it is allowed to lay low and medium pressure gas pipelines along the sashes of non-opening windows and cross the light openings filled with glass blocks by the indicated gas pipelines.

4.25. The distances between gas pipelines laid along the walls of buildings and other engineering networks should be taken in accordance with the requirements for laying gas pipelines indoors (Section 6).

4.26. It is not allowed to provide detachable connections on gas pipelines under window openings and balconies of residential buildings and public buildings of a non-industrial nature.

4.27. Aboveground and surface gas pipelines, as well as underground gas pipelines in sections adjacent to the places of entry and exit from the ground, should be designed taking into account longitudinal deformations due to possible temperature effects.

4.28. The height of the laying of aboveground gas pipelines should be taken in accordance with the requirements of SNiP II-89-80*.
In a free area outside the passage of vehicles and the passage of people, it is allowed to lay gas pipelines on low supports at a height of at least 0.35 m from the ground to the bottom of the pipe.

4.29. Gas pipelines at the points of entry and exit from the ground should be enclosed in a case. In places where the possibility of mechanical damage to gas pipelines is excluded (impassable part of the territory, etc.). cases are not required.

4.30. Gas pipelines transporting dry gas should be laid with a slope of at least 3 ‰ with installation of condensate removal devices at the lowest points (drain fittings with a locking device). Thermal insulation should be provided for these gas pipelines.

4.31. The laying of LPG gas pipelines should be provided in accordance with the instructions of Sec. nine.

4.32. Clear horizontal distances from above-ground gas pipelines laid on supports and above-ground (without embankment) to buildings and structures should be taken not less than the values ​​\u200b\u200bspecified in Table. 6.

4.33. The distance between aboveground gas pipelines and other engineering communications of aboveground and ground laying should be taken into account the possibility of installation, inspection and repair of each of the pipelines.

4.34. The distances between gas pipelines and overhead power lines, as well as cables, should be taken according to the PUE.

4.35.* The distances between supports of aboveground gas pipelines should be determined in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 2.04.12-86.

4.36. It is allowed to provide for laying on free-standing supports, columns, overpasses. Shelves of gas pipelines with pipelines for other purposes in accordance with SNiP II-89-80 *.

4.37. The joint laying of gas pipelines with electrical cables and wires, including those intended for servicing gas pipelines (power, for signaling, dispatching, controlling valves), should be provided in accordance with the instructions of the PUE.

4.38. The laying of gas pipelines on railway and road bridges should be provided in cases where this is allowed by the requirements of SNiP 2.05.03-84*, while the laying of gas pipelines should be carried out in places that exclude the possibility of gas accumulation (in case of leakage) in the bridge structures.

Gas pipeline crossings through water barriers and ravines

4.39. Underwater crossings of gas pipelines through water barriers should be provided on the basis of data from hydrological, engineering-geological and topographic surveys.

4.40. Alignments of underwater crossings over rivers should be provided on straight, stable stretches with gently sloping, non-eroded banks of the channel with a minimum width of the floodplain to be flooded. The section of the underwater crossing should be provided, as a rule, perpendicular to the dynamic axis of the flow, avoiding areas composed of rocky soils.

4.41. Underwater crossings of gas pipelines with a width of water barriers with a low water horizon of 75 m or more should be provided, as a rule. In two threads with a capacity of 0.75 of the estimated gas flow each.
It is allowed not to provide for the second (reserve) gas pipeline string when laying:
looped gas pipelines, if uninterrupted gas supply to consumers is ensured when the underwater crossing is turned off:
dead-end gas pipelines to industrial consumers, if these consumers can switch to another type of fuel for the period of repair of the underwater crossing.

4.42. When crossing water barriers with a width of less than 75 m by gas pipelines intended for gas supply to consumers that do not allow interruptions in gas supply, or when the width of the floodplain being flooded is more than 500 m at the level of the high water horizon (HWL) at 10% security and the duration of flooding with flood waters is more than 20 days, as well as mountain rivers and water barriers with an unstable bottom and banks, it is allowed to lay a second (reserve) line.

4.43. The minimum horizontal distances from bridges to underwater and surface gas pipelines in places where they cross water barriers should be taken from Table. 7.

4.44. The wall thickness of pipes for underwater crossings should be taken 2 mm more than the calculated one, but not less than 5 mm. For gas pipelines with a diameter of less than 250 mm, it is allowed to increase the wall thickness to ensure negative buoyancy of the gas pipeline.

4.45. The boundaries of the underwater crossing of the gas pipeline, which determine the length of the crossing, should be considered the section limited by the GWT not lower than the 10% security marks. Shut-off valves should be placed outside the boundaries of this area.

4.46. The distances between the axes of parallel gas pipelines at underwater crossings should be taken at least 30 m.
On non-navigable rivers with a channel not subject to erosion, as well as when crossing water barriers within settlements, it is allowed to provide for the laying of two gas pipelines in one trench. The distance between the gas pipelines in the light in this case should be at least 0.5 m.
When laying gas pipelines in floodplain areas, the distance between gas pipelines can be taken the same as for the linear part of the gas pipeline.

4.47. The laying of gas pipelines at underwater crossings should be provided for with a deepening into the bottom of the crossed water barriers. The design elevation of the top of the ballasted gas pipeline should be taken at 0.5 m, and at crossings through navigable and raftable rivers, 1 m lower than the predicted bottom profile, determined taking into account the possible erosion of the channel within 25 years after the completion of the construction of the crossing.

At underwater crossings through non-navigable and non-alloyable water barriers, as well as in rocky soils, a decrease in the depth of laying gas pipelines is allowed, but the top of the ballasted gas pipeline in all cases should be below the mark of possible erosion of the bottom of the reservoir for the estimated life of the gas pipeline.

4.48.* The width of the trench along the bottom should be taken depending on the methods of its development and the nature of the soil, the regime of the water barrier and the need for a diving survey.
The steepness of the slopes of underwater trenches must be taken in accordance with the requirements of SNiP III-42-80.

4.49. Calculation of underwater gas pipelines against ascent (for stability) and their ballasting should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 2.05.06-85.

4.50. For gas pipelines laid in sections of underwater crossings, solutions should be provided to protect the insulation from damage.

4.51. On both banks of navigable and timber-rafting water barriers, identification marks of established patterns should be provided. At the border of the underwater crossing, it is necessary to provide for the installation of permanent benchmarks: with a barrier width at a low-water horizon of up to 75 m - on one bank, with a greater width - on both banks.

4.52. The height of the laying of the surface crossing of the gas pipeline should be taken (from the bottom of the pipe or span):
when crossing non-navigable, non-alloyable rivers, ravines and gullies, where ice drift is possible. - not less than 0.2 m above the GWV level at 2% probability and from the highest ice drift horizon, and if there is a stump drift on these rivers - at least 1 m above the GWV level at 1% probability;
when crossing navigable and raftable rivers - not less than the values ​​established by the standards for designing underbridge clearances on navigable rivers and the basic requirements for the location of bridges.

Crossings of gas pipelines through railway and tram tracks and highways

4.53.* Intersections of gas pipelines with railway and tram tracks, as well as with motor roads, should be provided, as a rule, at an angle of 90 °.
The minimum distance from underground gas pipelines at their intersection with tram and railway lines should be taken:
to bridges, pipes, tunnels and pedestrian bridges and tunnels (with a large crowd of people) on railways - 30 m;
to the arrows (the beginning of the wits, the tail of the crosses, the places where suction cables are attached to the rails) - 3 m for tram tracks and 10 m for railways;
to the supports of the contact network - 3 m.
Reduction of the indicated distances is allowed upon agreement with the organizations in charge of the structures being crossed.
The need to install identification columns (signs) and their design at the crossings of gas pipelines through railways of the general network is decided in agreement with the Ministry of Railways of Russia.

4.54.* The laying of underground gas pipelines of all pressures at the intersections with railway and tram tracks, motor roads of categories I, II and III, as well as express roads within the city, main streets and citywide roads should be provided in steel cases.
The need to install cases on gas pipelines at the intersection of main streets and roads of district significance, freight roads, as well as streets and roads of local importance is decided by the design organization, depending on the traffic intensity. In this case, it is allowed to provide non-metallic cases that meet the conditions of strength and durability.
The ends of the cases must be sealed. At one end of the case, a control tube should be provided that goes under the protective device, and on inter-settlement gas pipelines - an exhaust candle with a sampling device, brought out at a distance of at least 50 m from the edge of the subgrade.
In the annular space of the case, it is allowed to lay an operational communication cable, telemechanics, telephone, electrical protection drainage cable intended for servicing the gas supply system.

4.55.* The ends of the case should be brought out at a distance, m, not less than:
from the extreme drainage structure of the railway subgrade (ditch, ditches, reserve) - 3;
from the extreme rail of the railway track - 10; and from the path of an industrial enterprise - 3;
from the extreme rail of the tram track - 2;
from the edge of the carriageway of the streets - 2;
from the edge of the carriageway of motor roads - 3.5.
In all cases, the ends of the cases must extend beyond the bottom of the embankment to a distance of at least 2 m.

4.56.* The depth of laying the gas pipeline under railway and tram tracks and highways should be taken depending on the method of construction work and the nature of the soil in order to ensure traffic safety.
The minimum depth of laying the gas pipeline to the top of the case from the rail foot or the top of the coating at zero marks and recesses, and in the presence of an embankment from the foot of the embankment should be provided, m:
under railways of the general network - 2.0 (from the bottom of drainage structures - 1.5), and when performing work by the puncture method - 2.5;
under tram tracks, railways of industrial enterprises and highways:
1.0 - in the production of works in an open way;
1.5 - when performing work by punching, horizontal drilling or shield penetration:
2.5 - in the production of work by the puncture method.
At the same time, at the intersections of the railways of the general network, the depth of laying the gas pipeline in sections outside the case at a distance of 50 m on both sides of the subgrade should be taken at least 2.10 m from the surface of the earth to the top of the gas pipeline.
When arranging crossings under railways of the general network in heaving soils for gas pipelines with a temperature of the transported gas in winter above 5 ° C, their minimum laying depth should be checked by calculating the observance of the conditions under which the influence of heat releases on the uniformity of frost heaving of the soil is excluded. If it is impossible to provide the specified temperature regime, replacement of heaving soil or other design solutions should be provided.
The thickness of the walls of the gas pipeline pipes at the crossings through the railways of the general network must be taken 2-3 mm more than the calculated one, and for these sections in all cases a very reinforced type of insulating coating should be provided.

4.57. The height of the laying of aboveground gas pipelines at the intersections with electrified and non-electrified railway tracks, with tram tracks, roads, trolleybus contact network should be taken in accordance with the requirements of SNiP II-89-80.

Building regulations

Section 5. Location of hydraulic fracturing. Location of the GRU. Hydraulic fracturing and GRU equipment. Placement of combined regulators. Section 10. Permafrost soils. Worked territories. seismic regions. Areas with heaving, subsidence and swollen soils.

Transportation of gas to the consumer.

Due to the remoteness of sources from the place of consumption of natural gas, its delivery is carried out through trunk lines at a pressure of up to 5 MPa and a pipeline diameter of up to 1.6 m. In all newly laid gas pipelines, in order to increase the throughput capacity, pressures are increased to 7.5 MPa. To maintain pressure when pumping gas over long distances, booster compressor stations are installed every 120-150 km. The transfer of combustible gas from the main line to consumers is carried out using networks of appropriate pressure (medium and low), GDS and GRP. Due to the large irregularity and seasonality of gas consumption schedules, it is necessary to carry out gas reservations. Large underground storage facilities (former oil and gas fields) are used to equalize seasonal irregularities and store gas. Daily and hourly irregularities in consumption are leveled off with the help of special storage facilities and gas tanks. Due to the high explosion and fire hazard, increased requirements are imposed on gas networks, GDS and GRP, shut-off and control equipment and equipment, in accordance with the current SNiP. Delivery of gas to consumers on the ground can be carried out using underground and above-ground laying. Underground laying is mainly used. Above-ground laying is allowed on the territory of the BCP, communal and residential areas under a number of specially stipulated conditions.

To supply gas from group installations, steel gas pipelines are used, laid underground and designed for a pressure of pure gas of 3-5 kPa, and gas-air mixtures - 1.5-3 kPa.

Underground pipelines. The routing of gas pipelines through the territory of settlements, within quarters or courtyards should ensure the shortest length of gas pipelines and branches from them to residential buildings, as well as the maximum distance from above-ground structures (especially those with basements) and non-pressure underground utilities (sewer pipes, channels for heat pipes and other containers through which the gas can spread). The routing of gas pipelines through undeveloped territories should be carried out taking into account the planning of their future development.

In accordance with the requirements of the current "Safety Rules in the Gas Industry" of the Gosgortekhnadzor of the Russian Federation, horizontal distances between low-pressure gas pipelines (up to 5 kPa) and other structures must be clear, m, not less than:

To the foundation of buildings and structures, overpasses and tunnels - 2;

Supports for outdoor lighting, contact network and communication - 1;

Axes of the extreme track of the railway track 1520 mm - 3.8;

Axles of the extreme track of the tram - 2.8;

Side stone of the street, road - 1.5;

The outer edge of the ditch or to the sole of the embankment of the street, road - 1;

Foundations of supports for overhead power lines with voltage up to 1 kV and outdoor lighting - 1, over 1 to 35 kV - 5, and above - 6;

Tree trunks - 1.5;

Kustarnikov - not standardized.

When laying gas pipelines between buildings and under the arches of buildings, as well as in certain sections of the route where the given distances cannot be maintained, it is allowed to reduce them to values ​​that ensure the safety of all underground structures during the construction and repair of each of them. If it is necessary to reduce the distance, long seamless pipes with increased wall thickness are used; bent bends are used; welded joints are checked by physical control methods; pipes are protected from corrosion by highly reinforced insulation.

The minimum distances in the plan between engineering underground networks horizontally in the light must be, m, not less than:

To the water supply - 1;

Household sewer - 1;

Drainage and rain sewer - 1;

Gas pipelines of low, medium, high pressure - 0.5;

Power cables up to 100 kV and communication cables - 1;

Heat networks and common collectors - 2.

Laying of two or more gas pipelines in one trench is allowed at the same or different levels (steps). The distances between gas pipelines must be sufficient for the installation and repair of pipelines, but not less than 0.4 m for pipes with a diameter of up to 300 mm.

Clear vertical distances at the intersection of underground gas pipelines of all pressures with other underground structures and communications should be, m, not less than:

Water supply, sewerage, drain, telephone sewerage, etc. - 0.15;

Heating network channel - 0.2;

Electric cable, telephone armored cable - 0.5;

Oil-filled electric cable (110–220 kV) - 1.

Rice. 33. Scheme of gas supply of an industrial enterprise from urban gas pipelines of medium pressure.

1 - urban distribution gas pipeline of medium (or high) pressure; 2 - input of the gas pipeline; 3 - valve with a compensator in a deep well; 4 - underground intershop gas pipelines of medium or high pressure; 5 - hydraulic fracturing and the central point for measuring gas flow; 6 - underground intershop gas pipelines of medium pressure; 7 - crane; 8 - elevated gas pipelines laid along the wall of the building; 9 - cabinet GRU (SHRU); 10 - valve with a compensator in a deep well (shutdown device of the workshop); 11 - fitting with a tap and a stopper for sampling; 12 - purge gas pipeline; 13 - disconnecting device (valve) at the entrance to the workshop; 14 - tap in a shallow well; 15 - elevated intershop gas pipelines laid along columns; 16 - U-shaped compensator; 17 - a valve on an aboveground gas pipeline with a platform and a ladder for its maintenance; 18 - intrashop GRU.

Reducing the distance between the gas pipeline and the electric cable or armored communication cable is possible if they are laid in cases, while the clear distance between the gas pipeline and the wall of the case should be, m, not less than: when laying the electric cable - 0.25; armored communication cable - 0.15, and the ends of the case should extend 1 m in both directions from the walls of the crossed gas pipeline.

Above ground pipelines. These gas pipelines are more accessible to the supervision of maintenance personnel, are less susceptible to deformations, and allow you to quickly eliminate possible problems and perform repairs without disconnecting consumers. It is allowed to lay low and medium pressure gas pipelines along the outer walls of residential and public buildings not lower than the IV degree of fire resistance and free-standing fireproof supports, and low pressure gas pipelines with a nominal pipe diameter of up to 50 mm - along the walls of residential buildings.

Aboveground gas pipelines should be designed taking into account the compensation of longitudinal deformations and, if necessary, when self-compensation is not provided, the installation of compensators (not stuffing boxes) should be provided. The height of the gas pipeline laying should be selected taking into account the provision of its inspection and repair. Flanged or threaded connections on gas pipelines should not be provided under window openings and balconies of buildings. Gas pipelines laid along the outer walls of buildings, overpasses, supports, as well as risers at the exit from the ground, if necessary, must be protected from mechanical damage. Gas pipelines must have a slope of at least 0.003, at the lowest points it is necessary to install devices for removing condensate. Thermal insulation should be provided for these gas pipelines.

The minimum horizontal clear distances from above-ground gas pipelines laid on supports to residential and public buildings must be at least 2 m. pipeline diameter, but not less than 100 mm. The distances between the supports of aboveground gas pipelines should be determined in accordance with the requirements of the current "Guidelines for the calculation of steel pipelines for various purposes".

Shutdown devices. Gas pipelines provide for the installation of disconnecting devices at the gas pipeline inlets to individual buildings or their groups (two adjacent buildings or more), as well as in front of outdoor (open) gas-consuming installations. On underground gas pipelines, they should be installed in shallow wells with compensators. On gas pipelines with a nominal bore of less than 100 mm, U-shaped compensators should be used predominantly. With steel fittings attached to gas pipelines by welding, compensators are not installed.

The installation of shut-off devices at the inlets of low-pressure gas pipelines should, as a rule, be provided outside the building. For fittings located at a height of more than 2.2 m, platforms made of non-combustible materials with ladders or a remote drive should be provided. For the maintenance of rarely used fittings, it is allowed to provide for the use of a portable ladder.

When laying two or more gas pipelines in one trench, the installed shutoff valves must be displaced relative to each other by a distance that ensures ease of maintenance and repair.

Gas pipelines indoors. Inside the premises, gas pipelines are laid openly along the walls, parallel to the floor (ceiling). The length of LPG pipelines from risers to gas appliances is minimal. Pipes are not allowed to cross living rooms, and when passing through walls - smoke and ventilation ducts. When attaching gas pipelines to walls, it is necessary to observe distances that allow inspection and repair of gas pipelines and shut-off valves installed on them. Installation of taps with a stop nut towards the wall is unacceptable.

The mutual arrangement of gas pipelines and electrical wiring inside buildings must meet the following requirements:

A distance of at least 10 cm must be maintained from the laid open electrical wire (electric wire) to the wall of the gas pipeline (it can be reduced to 5 cm when laying electrical wires in tubes);

at the intersection of the gas pipeline with an openly laid electric wire, the latter must be enclosed in a rubber or ebonite tube protruding 10 cm from each side of the gas pipeline;

With a hidden electrical wire, a distance of at least 5 cm must be maintained from the wall of the gas pipeline, counting to the edge of the sealed furrow.

At the intersection of the gas pipeline with other pipelines (water supply, sewerage), their pipes should not touch. To turn off the gas, in addition to the tap, on each riser, taps are installed at the entrance to the apartment, in the stairwell (at the stair riser), on the branch from the riser to the appliances in the kitchen and in front of each appliance. If the riser is located in the kitchen and only one gas appliance (stove without a meter) is installed in the apartment, the shut-off valve at the outlet from the riser can not be installed. Gas pipelines laid indoors must be made of steel pipes. The connection of pipes should be provided, as a rule, by welding. Threaded and flanged connections are allowed only in places where shut-off valves and gas appliances are installed. Detachable connections of gas pipelines must be accessible for inspection and repair.

The laying of gas pipelines inside buildings and structures should be provided open. In the premises of consumer services enterprises, public catering and laboratories, it is allowed to lay gas pipelines to individual units, gas appliances in a concrete floor, followed by sealing the pipes with cement mortar. At the same time, anti-corrosion insulation must be provided for the pipes. In places where the gas pipeline enters the floor and exits from it, cases should be provided that protrude above them by at least 3 cm.

Fundamentally, the arrangement of gas pipelines for supplying industrial and municipal enterprises with increased gas consumption is distinguished by the possibility of using medium pressure. According to the "Safety Rules in the Gas Industry" and SNiP 42-01-02, intershop gas pipelines at industrial enterprises can be both underground and aboveground. The choice of the method of laying inter-shop gas pipelines depends on the degree of saturation of the territory with underground utilities, the type of soil and coatings, the nature of building structures and buildings, the location of shops that consume gas, and technical and economic considerations. As a rule, at enterprises, preference is given to above-ground laying of intershop gas pipelines.

Gas supply schemes for enterprises, as well as the methods of laying gas pipelines, are diverse. When choosing a scheme, it is necessary to be guided by technical and economic requirements, as well as the requirements of reliability and safety: ensuring the necessary parameters of combustible gas (pressure and flow rate) in front of gas burners of thermal units; minimum capital and metal investments (minimum diameters and lengths of gas pipelines, the number of hydraulic fracturing and gas distribution units); ensuring reliable and safe construction, installation and commissioning, operation.

Rice. 34. Scheme of gas supply of the enterprise from the city low-pressure gas pipeline.

1 - urban distribution gas pipeline of low pressure; 2 - input of the gas pipeline; 3 - valve with a compensator in a deep well; 4 - hydraulic shutter; 5 – purge gas pipeline; 6 - fitting with a tap and a stopper for sampling; 7 - underground intershop (yard) gas pipelines of low pressure; 8 - a tap in a shallow well.

Depending on the gas flow and pressure, the mode of operation of heat units, the territorial location of gas consumers at the enterprise and technical and economic indicators, and taking into account design and operation practices, several typical gas supply schemes for industrial and municipal enterprises are distinguished.

Public utilities with relatively low gas consumption and low-pressure gas-fired heating units (kitchen factories, canteens, built-in heating boilers with sectional boilers, etc.), as a rule, are connected to low-pressure city gas pipelines or tank farms (for complexes autonomous gas supply with propane-butane mixtures) (Fig. 33).

The gas supply scheme consists of a gas pipeline input with a common shut-off device, inter-shop gas pipelines with shut-off devices in front of each shop, purge gas pipelines and such elements as control pipes, control conductors, condensate collectors (for wet gases), compensators, etc.

A common disconnecting device (valve) is installed at the inlet of the gas pipeline. It is designed to turn off the gas supply during repairs or accidents in the gas supply system. Purge gas pipelines are designed to remove air and gas-air mixture and fill the system with clean gas during the initial and subsequent (after repairs of inter-shop gas pipelines or a long shutdown of the system) starts. To determine the quality of the purge, a fitting with a valve is installed on the purge gas pipeline for sampling the medium, the composition of which can be determined on the gas analyzer.

In the gas supply scheme under consideration, underground laying of gas pipelines is conventionally accepted. The diagram does not show condensate collectors: dry natural gas is used for centralized gas supply, and when using wet combustible gases, gas pipelines are laid with a slope and condensate collectors are installed at low points of the system.

Medium and large industrial enterprises are connected to the city distribution pipelines of medium or high pressure (Fig. 34). As an example, it is assumed that in shops 2 and 3, the heat units operate on medium pressure gas (the gas pressure in front of the burners of the units is assumed to be equal), and in shops 1 and 4 - on low pressure gas. After the common shut-off device on the intershop gas pipeline of the initial gas pressure, a gas control point (GRP) is installed, designed to reduce the gas pressure from high or medium to medium pressure, necessary for the heat units of shops 2 and 3, taking into account pressure losses. A central point for measuring gas flow was installed in the hydraulic fracturing building, designed for economic settlements between the enterprise and the supplier. In shops 1 and 4, a gas control unit (GRU) was additionally installed to use low-pressure gas.

For intershop gas pipelines, a mixed laying scheme has been adopted - underground and aboveground. Aboveground gas pipelines can be laid along the outer walls and fireproof coatings of industrial buildings with industries classified by fire hazard to categories C, D and D, as well as along freestanding columns (supports) and overpasses made of fireproof materials. Important note: high-pressure gas pipelines can be laid along the walls of industrial buildings only above the windows of the upper floors or along blank walls.

The diameters of gas pipelines are determined by hydraulic calculation at the maximum gas flow rate, taking into account the prospective growth in consumption associated with the development of the enterprise, and allowable pressure losses. All underground steel gas pipelines are protected from corrosion caused by soil and stray electric currents. For this, both passive and active protection measures are applied.

The features of autonomous gas supply systems using low and medium pressures include the predominant use of burners with forced air supply, optimized for operation on low pressure gas. In this case, there is no need to reduce pressure, as is necessary when supplying from centralized natural gas pipelines (pressure reduction in regulators reaches 0.1–0.2 MPa).

Table 3

Gas pressure in supply lines for different consumers

Table 4

Gas pressure in aboveground gas pipelines depending on the class of consumers and location features

If in the old days almost any product was in short supply, today it is very difficult to choose the right product among hundreds and thousands of analogues. Often, even one manufacturer offers dozens of models of its products, which allows the consumer to choose the right product. However, the path of any product from the conveyor at the factory to the consumer can be long and difficult, and therefore it is important to preserve the presentation and consumer properties of the product at all stages of its storage and transportation. For this important purpose, packaging material is used, which can be very different.

Today, the production of packaging is established at a high level, and allows us to solve the problems of transporting and storing almost any product, from sweets to machine tools. The most popular types of packaging are polyethylene, metallized packaging, paper, wooden frames.

Paper packaging is mainly used for single consumption. Paper is an environmentally friendly and safe material, and therefore is often used to store and eat food. Wholesale paper cups, paper plates, are massively purchased by catering establishments, fast food outlets. They do not take up much space and do not require special disposal conditions, and moreover, after processing, they can be reused in other types of paper products.

As mentioned earlier, the main advantage of paper packaging is its environmental friendliness. There has been a lot of talk about the problem of environmental pollution for several decades, and if Western countries have seriously taken up the fight against this phenomenon, then serious steps have not yet been taken in our country. Nevertheless, there is some positive trend, in particular, more and more attention is paid to the recycling of raw materials. We are all used to the fact that metal can be donated, and often get good money in this way.

However, few people know that there are points for receiving paper, and even plastic. Today, you can hand over waste paper without any problems. For large stores, this practice has already become the norm, because every day they accumulate hundreds of kilograms of cardboard, which can be handed over at a bargain price. It is not always easy to take out such volumes of paper, and here the companies involved in the acceptance of waste paper can come to the meeting. The presence of a pickup service allows you not only to make a profit, but also not to spend money on transport services. The efficiency of such recycling of raw materials is obvious, since it allows less pollution of the environment with garbage, save green spaces from cutting down.

It is worth considering indirect savings, because the energy costs for making paper from wood and processing finished products differ many times over. And this again favorably affects both the environment and the cost of the final product. An even more enticing prospect is the recycling of plastic, which is used literally everywhere. Bottles, toys, any plastic products can be recycled into pellets and reused in production.

Thus, almost all materials used are recyclable, which means many prospects. Slowly but surely, our fellow citizens are beginning to realize the importance of recycling raw materials, and there is hope that in the future we will be able to minimize the impact on the environment by making production almost waste-free, and all broken or simply obsolete products will be recycled. But for such a result, the participation of the vast majority of the population is necessary, because only by joint efforts can we get rid of garbage.

Table. The height of the laying of land gas pipelines.

When laying gas pipelines, welded joints must be spaced at the following distances from the supports:

The height of the gas pipeline laying is standardized by the document SP 62.13330.2011* Gas ​​distribution systems. Updated edition of SNiP 42-01-2002 (with Amendment No. 1).

The height of laying of aboveground gas pipelines and the depth of laying of underground LPG gas pipelines should be taken as for gas pipelines of gas distribution networks and gas consumption of natural gas.

5.3.4 The height of the laying of aboveground gas pipelines should be taken in accordance with the requirements of SP 18.13330.

Laying height of the surface gas pipeline

5.4.4 The height of laying the above-water crossing of the gas pipeline from the calculated level of water rise or ice drift [high water horizon (HWH) or ice drift (HWL)] to the bottom of the pipe or span should be taken:

When crossing ravines and ravines - not less than 0.5 m above the GVV 5% security;

When crossing non-navigable and non-alloyable rivers - at least 0.2 m above the GVV and GVL of 2% security, and if there is a stump walker on the rivers - taking it into account, but not less than 1 m above the GVV of 1% security (taking into account surge waves);

When crossing navigable and raftable rivers - not less than the values ​​established by the design standards for bridge crossings on navigable rivers.

Shut-off valves should be located at least 10 m from the borders of the transition or areas subject to erosion or landslides. The crossing point of the high water horizon with a 10% probability is taken as the transition boundary.