State verbs in English, a list of words with translation and examples. About English with love What are static verbs

Having studied the times of the Continuous group, you are faced with the fact that there are verbs that are not used in continuous tense. They are called Stative verbs or State verbs. They express a situation that exists, but not a situation that is in progress.
Can state verbs be used in continuous form? We'll tell you when to use the state verbs in and . Soon you will learn everything to speak English comfortably. After studying the entire rule, go through the exercises on stative verbs.

What are state verbs

Stative verbs are verbs that express state, not action. They usually refer to thoughts, emotions, attitudes, feelings, states, and being. These verbs are not commonly used with − ing ending in continuous tenses, even if they are used with expressions such as "now" and "at the moment", we use simple tenses.

Let's give an example:

I need a new telephone - I need a new phone.
Who does this book belong to? - Who owns this book?
Do you see that house over there? Do you see that house?

And it's not worth saying:

I'm needing a new telephone.
Who is this book belonging to?
Are you seeing that house over there?

Status verbs in English are not usually used in continuous forms. We use them when we talk about relationships, thoughts, feelings, or belonging. But what's the catch? How to use Stative Verbs in English? First, let's see what groups state verbs are divided into.

State verbs (Stative verbs) by groups and their meaning

Exception verbs to watch out for.

*Verbs that express physical perception can often be used with .

Examples:

Can you see that old man over there? Do you see that old man over there?

Another point to remember. Verbs feel(feel), hurt(sick) can be used both in continuous and in simple forms:

A:How are they feeling today? OR How do they feel today?
B: My arm is hurting. OR My arm hurts.

Some of the ones we listed above can be used in a long time when they describe an action, but not a state, and in such cases their meaning changes.

State verbs in English list with examples and translation into Russian

This table is divided into two columns. One contains verbs denoting a state, the other denoting actions. Go through the list carefully, focusing on how the meaning of the verbs changes when we add the ing ending. At the end of the Stative verbs table, there will be a button, when you click it, you can download it to your computer.

Certain adjectives can be used in continuous forms to express tense.

The adjectives in question:

• a. foolish - stupid
• b. careful - careful
• c. kind - kind
• d. lazy - lazy
• e. nice - amiable
• f. patient - patient
• g. (im) polite - impolite, polite
• h. silly - stupid
• i. rude - rough

Examples:

Julie is usually patient, but today she's being impatient Julie is usually patient, but today she is impatient.
You' re being very silly - You are being very silly (usually used as a warning).

In very informal English, the –ing form is sometimes used with state verbs. An example would be a restaurant ad that says, ‘I’m loving it!’ This phrase is so popular that everyone recognizes it. But is it grammatically correct? The answer is NO! And now you all know why.

Foreigners sometimes play with language to highlight a phrase, singers sometimes use incorrect grammatical forms to make the song rhyme. In Russian, everything is exactly the same. Use this as an example to remember what the stative verbs rule is so that your English will sound flawless in the future!

Simple and fun video. Everyone can understand. Recognize which state verbs are used in the video.

Action verbs in English

Dynamic or action verbs (action verbs) describe situations that occur within a limited time, situations that have a definite beginning and end.

Examples of action verbs (examples of verbs describing actions)

They can be used in either progressive or simple form:

—Where are you calling from?

— Who was she dancing with?

Having studied the list of stative verbs, it's time to try yourself in the exercises. Prove to yourself that it's easy and simple! After answering all the questions, click on the ‘Submit’ button and check your answers. This test on stative verbs is designed to understand the difference between action and state verbs in English.

Stative verb exercises

In the test, you need to complete the sentences in the correct form in Present Indefinite or Present Continuous and, of course, translate a couple of sentences into English. Before proceeding to the exercise, repeat the rule for state and action verbs again. have fun!

Everyone knows how easy it is to form a long action in English, that is, an action that continues to be performed at some point in time. The grammatical formula of the tenses of the progressive (continuous) tenses group in English is as follows: the verb to be in the corresponding tense + the real participle (ends in -ING) of the semantic verb. For example: I am working right now - I am currently working (I continue to work).

It would seem, why is it easier to put any English verb in progressive tense? But it turns out that there is a whole group of English verbs that are almost never used in progressive (continuous) tenses in English. These are the so-called state verbs (stative or state verbs), as opposed to action verbs (dynamic verbs). For example, to love is a state of mind verb, and to run is a direct action verb. Actually, the state can only be assumed or discussed, and the action can be observed with one's own eyes.

Why are they hardly used, and not used at all? The answer here is the following: in order to emphasize this or that state, sometimes, nevertheless, this rule is deliberately violated as a grammatical device. For example, the famous McDonald's slogan "I'm lovin' it" is not grammatically correct, since the English verb to love is on the list of verbs that are not used in progressive times. In this case, the marketers of this company thus decided to emphasize that a person experiences positive emotions at the very moment when he eats their products. And it really works on a subconscious level.

If, according to the general rules, you need to use an English verb in a progressive form, and you know that it is included in the list of verbs that are not used in long tenses, then you just need to use its simple form in the appropriate tense: simple (simple tense) or perfect (perfect time). Although deviations from this rule occur from time to time, nevertheless, in everyday use of the English language, this rule is adhered to quite strictly. Therefore, the list of English verbs that are not used in long tenses just needs to be learned.

English verbs describing the state (not used in continuous tenses):

/ seem, / adore, / value, / believe, / belong, / can, / dare, / can't stand / not to love, / doubt, / exist, / forget, / hate, / hear, / continue, / know, / be in love, / be in love, / can, / mean, / should, / to need, / notice, / should be / be to, / own, / prefer, / understand, / learn, / remember, / remind, / seem, / seem, / stink, / suit, / assume, / understand, / to want, / want.

English verbs that describe both a state and an action (in the meaning of a state are not used in long tenses):

/ be, / to be like / have, / to look like, / see, / smell, / to taste / think.

For ease of memorization, this group of English verbs can be divided into the following semantic subgroups (pay attention to the usage examples in the table: in the meaning of the state, these verbs take simple tenses, but in the meaning of action they can take longer tenses):

1. Verbs describing personal perception: to appear, to look, to seem, to suit

2. Auxiliary verbs: can, to dare, may, must, need, ought

3. Verbs of emotional state: to adore, to appreciate, to detest, to dislike, to hate, to like, to love, to prefer

4. Verbs expressing existence: tobe, tokeep, toexist

5. Verbs expressing knowledge: to doubt, to forget, to know, to realize, to remember, to remind, to understand

6. Verbs of perception of the sense organs: to feel, to hear, to notice, to recognize, to see, to smell, to sound, to stink, to taste

7. Verbs of possession: to belong, to have, to owe, toown

8. Verbs of thinking: tobelieve,tomean,tosuppose,tothink

9. Verbs expressing desire: towant, towish

We all know that a verb is an action. For example: run, jump, learn.

However, in English there is a separate group of verbs that express a state - feelings, emotions, thought processes, etc.

There are certain nuances in the use of such verbs. In the article I will tell you what.

4 groups of state verbs in English

State verbs (state/stative verbs)- describe not only the action, but also the state of the object. A state is the state in which someone or something is.

For example: She loves him (that is, she is in a state of love).

That is, we do nothing, this is what happens inside, in the head or heart.

Let's look at the main groups of such verbs:

1. Verbs expressing physical perception

feel - feel, feel
hear - hear
look - look, seem (but not in the meaning of "look")
observe - notice, observe
recognize - recognize, recognize
see - see
seem - seem
smell - have a smell
sound - sound
taste - to taste
distinguish - distinguish

For example:

I see a house.
I see a house.

I hear only you.
I hear only you.

2. Verbs expressing a mental state

know - to know
believe - believe
notice - notice
realize - realize
forget - forget
remember - remember
recognize - recognize
think - think (have an opinion), believe
expect - meaning to think
understand - understand
see - in the meaning of understand
seem - to seem
mean - mean, mean

For example:

They know me.
They know me.

I think he is right.
I think he's right.

3. Verbs expressing emotions and desires

like - like
dislike - don't like
love - to love
hate - to hate
care - worry
hope - hope
wish - wish
want - want
need - need
prefer - prefer
mind - worry, worry

For example:

We wanted dessert.
We wanted dessert.

I like music.
I like music.

4. Verbs expressing possession of something

be - to be
belong - to belong
own - to possess
have - to have
contain - contain
cost - cost
seem - seem
need - need
depend on - depend
come from - to be born
resemble - to be like
possess - possess

For example:

This doll belongs to me.
This doll belongs to me.

This costs too much.
It's too expensive.

All these verbs have a peculiarity in use. Let's look at which one.

Features of state verbs in English

State verbs are never used in the Continuous tense group. We use this group when we want to say that something is in progress. For example, I am swimming, that is, I am in the process of swimming.

They are watch ing TV.
They watch TV.

He was work ing the whole morning.
He worked all morning.

Read more about these times in the following articles:

Why are these state verbs not used in the Present Continuous?

As we have already discussed, this tense is used to emphasize that an action is in progress: we started doing it some time ago, we are doing it now, but after some time we will finish doing it.

To be used in our continuous tense, the verb must be able to last.

For example: cook - you started cooking, cook now, finish after a while.

Returning to our exception verbs. We cannot start smell (sniff) or hear (hear) and end this process after some time. This is what we do all the time. We talk about what we can smell and hear. Likewise, forgetting, understanding or emotions cannot be processes, because otherwise it will turn out that these processes began sometime, now they last, and someday they will end.

So now let's practice using these verbs.

Reinforcement task

Translate the following sentences into English. Leave your answers in the comments below the article.

1. He wants to see you.
2. She understands physics.
3. It sounds good.
4. I know him.
5. They hate cleaning.

General characteristics of the verb as a part of speech

Verbs are words denoting actions or states of a person, as well as an object and answering questions what to do? and what to do?
(run, run away, chop, chop off, sleep, fall asleep, etc.).

Verbs can indicate not only actions and states, but also signs (the meadow is turning green), quantity (doubled, tripled energy), attitude towards someone or something (respected his friend).

The meanings of the verb listed above are also found in words of other parts of speech, in particular, in nouns and adjectives. Compare: the clock of the Kremlin tower strikes - the clock of the Kremlin tower, walked a horse - a horse's move, read a book - reading a book, build an object - construction of an object, his face turns red - his face gradually turns red, etc. Why do the words beat, walked , read, build, blushes refer to the verb, and fight, move, reading, construction, red - to other parts of speech?

Unlike other parts of speech, the verb, naming the action, state, sign, quantity, attitude towards someone or something, indicates, firstly, the producer, the doer (subject) - someone or something is walking, reads, beats, blushes, secondly, at the time of the action (beat, walked, read). Thirdly, the verb has such forms that allow you to evaluate the action, state, sign as real or only desired, possible: double, double, would double; build, build, build.

Thus, the verb is a part of speech denoting an action or state in relation to the person, time and mood.

Morphological features of the verb - change in mood, tense, person, number and gender. In addition, verbs have a conjugation, can be transitive and intransitive, reflexive and irrevocable, and can indicate a species.

The verb is the richest part of speech. Each verb has a whole system of forms, cf .: read-read, read, read, read, read, read-read, read, read-I will read, you will read, will read, we will read, you will read, will read - read, read, would read-reading, reading, reading, reading-reading.

Some verb forms are conjugated, others are non-conjugated.
Non-conjugated are the infinitive, participle and participle, all the rest are included in the conjugated group (forms of the face, tense, mood).

The most important syntactic function of the verb is to be a predicate. The main forms of the verb (forms of the person, tense and mood) are used exclusively as a predicate, therefore they are called predicative
(predicate-predicate).

Of all the verb forms, only the infinitive can be any member of the sentence, including the predicate.

All verb forms combine with nouns - control nouns, "require" a noun in a certain case (with or without a preposition). Wed: to beg a comrade, to approach a comrade, to talk about a comrade; I say (I spoke, I will speak, speak, I would speak, speaking, speaking, speaking) about a comrade.

The verb also has derivational features that distinguish it from other parts of speech. So, verbs are actively formed with the help of prefixes (this method is used less actively to form words of other parts of speech). The verb has “its own” suffixes: -a- (dine), -well- (shout),
-sya (splash down), etc.

General concept of verb types

Denoting the action, the Russian verb can also indicate whether it has achieved in its development, the course of the final goal, the desired result. Let's explain with examples: 1) I wrote a letter - the verb wrote not only indicates a certain process, but also reports that this process at some point in time reached the ultimate goal of the desired result
(the letter turned out to be written). 2) I wrote a letter - the verb wrote only indicates that this process took place in the past, continued for some time, lasted, but does not say anything about whether the goal was achieved, the desired result. ‘

Thus, in some cases, the verb acts as a simple designation of an action (I wrote a letter. Tomorrow she is going to the theater. My brother read | this novel), in others - the verb, denoting the action, additionally informs about the achievement of the goal by this action, about the achievement of the result (I wrote a letter. Tomorrow she will go to the theater. Her brother has read this novel).

Achievement by the action of the goal, the desired result is called the internal limit in the development of the action. View as one of the signs; The verb indicates the presence or absence of an internal limit in the development of the action.

The perfect form denotes an action in the development of which there was or will be an internal limit (i.e., a result has been or will be achieved): decided-decides, wrote-writes, bought-buys, sang-sings, went - goes, etc. The imperfect aspect denotes an action without indicating an internal limit, in this case, attention is focused on the presentation, the statement of the action itself: reads - read - 'will read, walks-walked-will walk, whistles-whistle-will whistle, sings-sang-will sing .

In addition to the basic meanings (an indication of an internal limit or lack thereof), perfective and imperfective verbs can have additional shades. So, many imperfective verbs also indicate the repetition of an action: to sign, read, ache, push, throw, ride, etc., and a number of perfective verbs, on the contrary, indicate one-time, instantaneous actions: etc.

The species is easily recognized by the question: what to do? - imperfect appearance, what to do? - perfect view. The view characterizes all forms of the verb: 1) read (what to do?), read (what do I do?), read (what did I do?), I will read
(what am I going to do?), read (what are you doing?), reading (what are you doing?), reading
(doing what?), reading (doing what?); 2) read (what to do?), will read
(what will he do?), read (what did he do?), the novel is read (what has been done with the novel?), having read (what has he done?).

Perfective verbs have two tenses: the past and the simple future (bought-buy, threw-throw, sang-sing, etc.). Imperfect verbs have all three tenses: present, past and complex future buys - bought - will buy, throws - throws - will throw, sings - sang - will sing).

General characteristics of the person of the verb

The verb, denoting an action, process, state, also indicates who or what performs this action or process, who or what experiences this state, i.e. the verb also determines the producer of the action.
Wed: It's nice to walk around Moscow in the morning - the infinitive walk calls only a certain action (as opposed to, for example, from walking, running) and does not report who is walking around Moscow. But: I walk, I walk, I walk, I walk, I walk, I walk, in this case, each form of the verb. and, out of context, gives us an idea of ​​who is walking, that is, who is the producer of the action.

The producer of an action in morphology is called the term face. But the person of the verb determines the producer of the action not in general, but from the point of view of the speaker. Hence: 1) if the producer of the action is the speaker himself
- this is the 1st person: I walk around Moscow; 2) if the producer of the action is his interlocutor - this is the 2nd person: You are walking around Moscow; 3) if the producer of the action is a person who is not participating in the conversation, or a phenomenon of the animal world, nature, some object in question is the 3rd person of the verb: He walks around Moscow; The moon floats in a motionless height ... A rooster sings in the village behind the ridge, and the morning rises in seconds.

An action can be performed not by one person, but by several: We are walking along
Moscow - 1st person pl. hours; Would you walk around Moscow - 2nd person pl. hours; They walk along
Moscow - 3rd person pl. h.

The action can be associated with several phenomena of the animal world and nature, with several objects: Swifts have fallen on the window cornices, cypresses look out the window; Trams rattle over the park ... Parrots scream heart-rendingly ... Thus, the three faces of the verb are not only in the singular, but also in the plural.

An indication of the person is present in the verb in all moods. For example:

I learned Russian - 1st person indicative; Wait for me and I will return ... - 2nd person of the imperative mood; Wait for us tomorrow - 2nd person pl. h. imperative mood.

1st and 2nd person sg. and pl. verbs indicate a person or a personified “humanized” object. For example, in “An Extraordinary Adventure ...” by Mayakovsky, the sun, “having taken a breath, spoke in a bass voice: “I drive the lights back for the first time since creation” - here the 1st person indicates
"humanized" phenomenon of nature (the sun).

3rd person) can indicate both a person-actor and an object-actor:
The conductor from the ladder shouts; Motors rumble, trains fly, lights in the parking lot.

General concept of verb tenses

Time as one of the main forms of existence of infinitely developing matter is expressed in language as a verb.

The implementation of any action, process, state in time is considered in morphology from the point of view of the speaker. Thus, the tense of the verb expresses the relation of action, state, process to the moment of speech.

There are three tenses in modern Russian: present, past and future.

The present tense refers to an action that is happening at the moment it is spoken about. For example: They ask for the dining room - here the verb ask indicates that the action is being performed at the same time when the speaker reports it, that is, the action coincides with the moment of speech.

The past tense refers to an action that took place before the moment of speaking. For example: The soldiers dispersed by platoon to apartments. The parade ground was empty - the verbs diverged, empty show that the named actions took place before the moment of speech, before the speech began about it.

The future tense refers to an action that will take place or is thought to be possible after the moment of speaking. For example: - Here, to spite them all, tomorrow I will sit down for books, I will prepare and enter the academy - the verbs I will sit down, I will prepare, I will act show such actions that will occur or may occur after the moment of speech, which are presented to the speaker as quite possible in the future.

Verb tenses are closely related to species: imperfective verbs are used in all three tenses (I write, wrote, I will write); perfective verbs have only two tenses - past and future (I wrote, I will write).

General concept of verb mood

The action can be considered by the speaker in different ways: 1) as real
(happened, happened - wrote, wrote; happening - writing; will happen or will happen - I will write, I will write); 2) as desired (write a letter to your brother) or possible (would write a letter to your brother, but there is no time).

Thus, from the point of view of the speaker, the action in one case corresponds to reality (it was, is or will be), in the other case there is no action, but it can happen or could happen under certain conditions.

Comparing such forms of the verb as write-eat and write-and would write, we come to the conclusion that the concepts of the reality of an action, on the one hand, and its unreality (in the sense of desirability, possibility) - on the other, are expressed in the Russian verb by special indicators . The ability of a verb to express the degree of reality of an action by certain indicators is called mood.

The Russian verb has three moods: indicative, imperative, subjunctive (or conditional).

Reflexive verbs.

Verbs with the suffix -sya (-s) are called reflexive: dress
- I dress, I dress, I dress, etc., to wash - I wash, I wash, I wash, etc. The suffix -sya (-s) differs from other suffixes in that it comes after all morphemes, including after endings: going, going.

Reflexive verbs have various additional meanings that non-reflexive verbs do not have:

1) reflexive meaning: the boy dresses, combs his hair, i.e. dresses himself, combs himself;

2) mutual meaning: friends hug, kiss, i.e. hug each other, kiss each other;

3) the value of the permanent property: the nettle burns, the cow butts, the dog bites;

4) passive meaning: the house is being built by masons. With a reflexive verb with this meaning, the subject denotes an object undergoing action (the subject of the house does not perform the action itself, it is built by masons).

Conjugation of verbs.

Changing verbs in persons and numbers is called conjugation. Verbs are conjugated only in the indicative mood in the present and future tense. In the past tense, verbs are inflected by gender and number.

There are two conjugations in Russian - the first and the second. Verbs that have the endings -eat, -et, -em, -et, -ugl, -yut, belong to the I conjugation.

Verbs that have the endings -ish, -mot, -im, -ite, -bet, -yat, belong to the II conjugation.

Verbs of I conjugation in the 3rd l. pl. h. endings -ut (-yut), and for verbs of II conjugation - am (-yat).

If the stress falls on the stem and it is difficult to distinguish personal endings by ear, then the conjugation is determined by the infinitive

The II conjugation with unstressed personal endings includes: a) all verbs that have -it in the infinitive: saw, thresh, harrow, etc. (except for the verbs to shave, lay and shave, cover, re-lay, etc. formed from them); b) seven verbs in -et: look, see, depend, hate, endure, twirl, offend and those formed from them look, see, etc.; c) four verbs in -at: hear, breathe, hold, drive, and those formed from them hear, breathe, hold, etc.

The remaining verbs with unstressed personal endings belong to the I conjugation.

Bibliography

1. Kaidalova A.I., Kalinina I.K. Russian language. Moscow, Moscow State University, 1978.
2. Misiri G.S., Gab S.P. Russian language. M., Higher school. 1979.
3. Chesnokova L.D. Russian language. Difficult cases of morphological analysis.

M., Higher school. 1991.
4. Chesnokova L.D., Bukarenko S.G. Collection of exercises on the morphology of the modern Russian language. M., Higher school. 1988.

What are these words that we call verbs, and what the word means, we have already analyzed in previous messages. From the first day of training, one must learn a simple truth: every English sentence has a verb. Verbs must be classified, that is, “sorted”. And such a classification is very important, it gives a clearer understanding of the grammatical structure of the English language. You will classify verbs throughout the course. The very first and simple division involves only two groups of verbs: this.

It is also very important to understand the difference between dynamic (dynamic) and static (stative) verbs, as it is the main one in English grammar.

1) Dynamic verbs.

From the very name “dynamic” it is very easy to understand what these verbs mean action, activity, dynamics etc. And this means that you can “perform” them, and, in addition, they can be easily “depicted”: for example, draw, photograph, etc. There are a great many examples of this: run, sit, jump, read, write, lie down, pick up, play, swim, sweep, dance and etc. From such verbs, it is easy to get nouns that denote people or devices or mechanisms associated with the corresponding actions. In Russian: read - reader; write - writer; dance - dancer; swim - swimmer; etc. I remind you that in English you need to add to the verb, and accordingly we have: to read - a reader; to write - a writer; to dance - a dancer; to swim - a swimmer.

2) Static verbs.

From the very name “static”, it is easy to understand that these verbs mean “static”, “immobility”, “state”, etc. They cannot be depicted and shown, they are, as it were, “inside” us, there is no action. For example: believe think, remember, dream, experience, respect, despise, assume, know, doubt, deserve, want, desire, hope etc.

The difference between dynamic and static verbs it is very easy to understand when you see a person and ask: “What is he doing?” And here follows the answer: "Digging beds, or, for example, watering flowers." I see: he is digging or watering. and I can call these verbs "to dig" or "to water"; These are dynamic verbs. Now, how can I see that someone is dreaming, believing someone, or remembering someone? This is impossible, because the verbs dream, believe, remember are static and I cannot “fulfill”, show and see them.

The number of dynamic verbs is less than the number of static ones, I think this is understandable. Basic static verbs are easy to learn by dividing them into groups, but more on that in the next post.