The microflora of the large intestine is represented by active bifidobacteria, lactobacilli, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus, which are of great importance for the gastrointestinal tract. These structural elements occupy 99% of the total number of microbes. Only 1% of the total number of unicellular organisms (staphylococcus, proteus, clostridia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) has pathogenic characteristics. Treatment with simple organisms allows you to form a complete system. The transplantation of beneficial bacteria will allow you to effectively deal with disorders in the intestines.

What is the function of the microflora of the suction organ? Protective actions are the basic tasks of the symbiosis of microorganisms. The fact is that bifidobacteria generate organic acids, which conditionally slow down the growth and increase in harmful factors. Lactobacilli also have an antibacterial effect and form lactic acid, antibiotic substances and lysozyme. Colibacteria effectively affect the pathogenic flora through the entire immune system. Transplantation of such organisms can bring about a quick recovery. The upper layer of the intestinal epithelium creates a "microbial turf", which allows you to reliably protect the suction organ from the penetration of foreign organisms. Microflora is actively involved in:

1. metabolism of macroorganisms;
2. synthesis of amino acids, proteins, vitamins;
3. the formation of cholesterol;
4. the creation of enzymes (including histaminase), which allows you to perform a desensitizing function in the human body;
5. the process of absorption of calcium, vitamin D, iron;
6. prevention of oncology of cellular structures.

The microflora plays a huge role in the functioning of the organs of secretion, peristalsis, and absorption. Symbiosis directly correlates with the cellular composition and provides complete protection of the intestinal mucosa from pathogenic formations. The species composition of microorganisms in the sections of the suction organ is directly related to the lifestyle, diet, viral and bacterial infections. Drug treatment and the use of antibiotics (conditionally) can provoke the development of a large number of diseases of the digestive tract. Even a minor inflammatory process in the body can trigger the intestinal ecosystem. The imbalance of the digestive system manifests itself in the form of dyspepsia, constipation and diarrhea. Pathogenic flora in this case can be developed at a high level.

A complex ecosystem in the human body (sections of the intestines) has a multilevel structure (17 families of bacteriological substances + 50 genera + 500 subspecies). The intestinal microflora is divided into:

1. The obligate system includes normal flora and plays an important role in metabolism and anti-infective defense.
2. The facultative system occurs in healthy people. Here there are conditionally pathogenic substances that can generate the development of the disease. Such dominant representatives of the microflora are bacteroids. Treatment according to this scheme should be targeted. In this case, fecal transplantation (stool transplantation) is possible, which has proven itself effectively in medicine.

The importance of the ecosystem in the intestines is difficult to overestimate. Modern science has determined that the environment of the absorptive organ is of great importance in the breakdown of proteins, carbohydrates and fats and contributes to the production of the generation of immune-type cells. This significantly improves the protective properties of the whole organism.

The barrier action of the intestine is to form obstacles that prevent the formation of pathogenic infections. After all, the process of attachment to the walls of the epithelium is quite complex and unpredictable on a competitive basis. For example, parietal lactobacilli are (conditionally) located in the region where the receptors of the epithelial layer are located.

The immune system of the suction organ

The human intestine has more than 70% of the cells of the immune system, which protect against the penetration of bacteria into the blood. This ratio is due to a clear need. The elimination of pathogenic elements is carried out through two mechanisms: congenital (transmitted from mother to child through antibodies) and acquired (the activity of foreign proteins after an infectious disorder).

The walls of the intestines contain a huge number of immune-type cells (Peyer's patches). Stimulation of the immune system is carried out on the basis of conditional contact with harmful pathogens. Thus, lactobacilli work closely with lymphoid tissues. Cellular and humoral immunity will be reliably stimulated (not conditionally).

Immunoglobulin is clearly produced by special cells that are of great importance for the body. "A-protein" takes an active part in the formation of local immunity and is the main marker of the protective action. It is worth noting that the intestine produces a decent amount of antimicrobial substances (lysozyme) and at the same time has specific symptoms.

Remember! The condition of the intestinal microflora is the dominant factor in the full functioning of the body's immune system. This property of the suction organ cannot be neglected.

Dysbiotic disorders in the intestines can become a serious primary source in the development of other ailments.

Symptoms and causes of intestinal dysbiosis

There are a large number of factors that violate the microflora. In most cases, acute and chronic stress is a common cause of the disease. This disease can affect both children and adults. For example, when passing exams or writing test papers at school, a child experiences experience and excitement. This can affect the health of the entire body.

Nutrition is one of the key factors in the disorder of the flora of the gastrointestinal tract. Today, the diet of a large number of people contains a decent amount of carbohydrates and a minimum level of protein. So our grandparents used a decent amount of fresh vegetables and gray bread, which had a positive effect on the work of the suction organ. Modern man prefers to take a laxative (for example, macrogol) and be content with just that. Such a decision can provoke serious health problems in the future.

Quite often, enzymatic failures occur, which are caused by the use of antibiotics, sulfa drugs. Chemical and hormonal therapy, harmful environmental ecology adversely affect the health of the body. So with excessive use of a laxative (Macrogol, Bisacodyl), serious side effects can occur. Treatment should be comprehensive and balanced in all key parameters. It is conditionally possible to imagine an ancient ram, which is aimed at the enemy gates of the castle.

Dysbacteriosis has the following symptoms:

1. Prolonged diarrhea + painful constipation;
2. Flatulence + systematic rumbling in the abdomen;
3. Sharp pains in the stomach of a colicky type;
4. Gastrointestinal dyspepsia syndrome;
5. Regular decay process + fermentation activity;
6. Allergic reactions / multivitaminosis;
7. Syndrome of insufficient digestion + intolerance to certain foods.

Prevention and treatment of the disease

The most effective treatments are:

• Adherence to the established nutritional pattern, which is based on the use of fermented milk products that are enriched with live bifidobacteria;
• The use of high-quality antibiotics and bacteriophages (lactobacterin, Biobacton, Acylact, Probifor and laxative Macrogol);
• Special drugs that normalize the intestinal microflora (hilak, linex, bifikol, bifidumbacterin, etc.);
• Folk remedies for recovery (decoctions of chamomile, thyme, elecampane and other medicinal herbs);
• Transplantation of fecal microflora (stool transplant);

Treatment allows you to optimize the process of digestion from a few weeks to two months. With systematic constipation and disorders, it is necessary to use laxatives (macrogol, laxatin, pyrilax, stadalax, etc.). The ecosystem of the gastrointestinal tract is quite sensitive to body disorders. To minimize the risk of an illness, it is necessary to conduct a systematic visit to a qualified specialist.

The effectiveness of traditional medicine recipes has long been known. Treatment with medicinal herbs will allow you to quickly restore the vital microflora of the intestine and start a clear process of digestion of products. The symptoms of the pathological disorder will gradually disappear.

The human body is a reasonable and fairly balanced mechanism.

Among all infectious diseases known to science, infectious mononucleosis has a special place ...

The disease, which official medicine calls "angina pectoris", has been known to the world for quite a long time.

Mumps (scientific name - mumps) is an infectious disease ...

Hepatic colic is a typical manifestation of cholelithiasis.

Cerebral edema is the result of excessive stress on the body.

There are no people in the world who have never had ARVI (acute respiratory viral diseases) ...

A healthy human body is able to absorb so many salts obtained from water and food ...

Bursitis of the knee joint is a widespread disease among athletes...

Violation of the intestinal microflora symptoms treatment

Intestinal dysbacteriosis - causes, signs, symptoms and treatment of dysbacteriosis in adults, nutrition and prevention

Dysbacteriosis is a condition caused by a violation of the intestinal microflora associated with a change in the species composition of bacteria. The number of useful bifidus and lactobacilli is reduced, and the number of pathogenic (pathogenic) microorganisms increases. Intestinal dysbacteriosis is not an independent disease. Often it turns out to be the result of other ailments (sometimes quite formidable). According to statistics, it is observed in 90% of adults.

Learn more about what this disease is, what are the first signs and symptoms, and how to properly treat it with diet and medication.

Gut dysbiosis (also dysbiosis) is a condition of microbial imbalance on or within the body. With dysbacteriosis, the ratio of beneficial and conditionally pathogenic microorganisms is disturbed, for example, in the intestines or in the reproductive organs.

The intestines of an adult normally contain about 2-3 kg of various microorganisms (about 500 species). 60% of all microorganisms are settled in the gastrointestinal tract.

Microorganisms help digest food, synthesize vitamins, remove toxins and carcinogens, break down all unnecessary elements. The main representatives of the intestinal flora are aerobic lactobacilli and anaerobic bifidobacteria.

In the human body, three types of bacteria are involved in the process of digestion of food:

• useful (bifidobacteria, lactobacilli). They maintain the ratio of other bacteria in the stomach, prevent the development of allergic diseases, weakening of the immune system and many other negative effects on the human body. They also control the amount of harmful bacteria;
• neutral. They live in a certain place. Do not bring special benefit or harm;
• harmful (candida fungus, staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus). They provoke various diseases and malfunctions of the gastrointestinal tract.

Causes

The number of each type of bacteria that live in the intestines is controlled by the laws of natural selection: those that multiply strongly do not find food for themselves, and the extra ones die, or other bacteria create unbearable conditions for them to live. But there are situations in which the normal balance changes.

The causes of inhibition of the normal flora of the intestine during dysbacteriosis may be the following factors:

Sometimes almost completely healthy people can suffer from dysbacteriosis. In this case, the cause should be sought in the characteristics of the profession, or in seasonal changes in nutrition.

Kinds

Depending on the cause of the occurrence, the syndrome of intestinal dysbacteriosis in modern medicine is divided into several types.

• Dysbacteriosis that occurs in healthy people:
• Professional (violations occur due to harmful professional activities)
• Age (flora is disturbed due to aging of the body)
• Nutritive (associated with improper diet)
• Seasonal (flora changes depending on the time of year, mainly in cold weather).

By severity:

• light;
• medium-heavy;
• heavy.

With the flow:

• acute (up to 30 days);
• prolonged (up to 4 months): with clinical manifestations (continuous or recurrent) and without clinical manifestations;
• chronic (more than 4 months): with clinical manifestations (continuous or recurrent) and without clinical manifestations.

Dysbacteriosis of the small intestine

Dysbacteriosis of the small intestine begins to manifest itself with its excessive seeding. In this case, the microbial composition changes, which provokes a violation of the normal functioning of the gastrointestinal tract. The pain is localized in the navel.

Dysbacteriosis of the large intestine

Colon dysbacteriosis is an extremely common pathology that disrupts the microflora simultaneously in the stomach, duodenum, and intestines. The disease can be long-term, become more severe and disrupt a person's normal lifestyle.

The clinical picture of the development and course of dysbacteriosis depends on both the stage and the microbiological variant of the disorder.

Characteristic signs of dysbacteriosis in adults:

• Chair disorders. Stool disorders in dysbacteriosis are one of the most common and characteristic symptoms. Most often it manifests itself in the form of loose stools (diarrhea). With age-related (in the elderly) dysbacteriosis, constipation most often develops, which is caused by a decrease in intestinal motility (due to a lack of normal flora).
• With pronounced processes of decay and fermentation, which are observed only in 25% of patients, the composition, shape and color of feces are disturbed. It becomes foamy, liquid, acquires a light color and a sour smell. There may be a burning sensation in the anus.
• change in the smell of feces (it becomes sharply putrid or sour);
• increased gas formation (gases are fetid and odorless, sonorous and not);
• bloating of varying intensity (it is more pronounced in the evenings, may be aggravated after certain products);
• Dyspeptic disorders: nausea, vomiting, belching, loss of appetite, are the result of impaired digestion;
• The intestines are not fully emptied.
• Rotten taste, belching.

The symptoms that appear during dysbacteriosis, not everyone can observe, these are individual signs. Approximately half of those suffering from this disorder feel nothing but loose stools or constipation.

With dysbacteriosis, digestion suffers the most. Since the food in the intestines is first broken down by bacteria, and only then absorbed into the blood. Without the help of microorganisms, the body cannot absorb many nutrients. Therefore, nausea, vomiting, loose stools appear.

Stages of dysbacteriosis in adults

There are such stages of the disease:

1 stage	The first degree of intestinal dysbacteriosis is characterized by a decrease in the protective endogenous flora by no more than two orders of magnitude. Bifidoflora and lactoflora are not disturbed, there are no clinical signs of the disease. This degree is characteristic of the latent phase of the development of the disease.
2	In this case, the reduction of beneficial microorganisms - lacto- and bifidobacteria - becomes critical. Along with this, the development of pathogenic microflora is growing extremely rapidly. At this stage, the first signs of dysbacteriosis appear, which indicate a violation in the functioning of the intestine.
3	The inflammatory process begins to disrupt the intestinal walls, which exacerbates chronic indigestion. This stage of the disease requires serious treatment, not only with the right diet, but also with medicines.
4	develops when there is no treatment for dysbacteriosis or it is not intensive enough. At this stage, harmful microorganisms almost replace useful ones, which leads to the development of diseases such as beriberi, depression, intestinal diseases, which are dangerous not only for health, but also for the life of the patient.

With intestinal dysbacteriosis, other symptoms and manifestations are possible, but they will rather relate to complications of the disease or to an exacerbation of comorbidities. These symptoms are not directly related to a violation of the intestinal microflora. Possible, for example, signs of hypovitaminosis and beriberi. Vitamin deficiency is due to the fact that it is not absorbed normally in the intestines.

Diagnostics

With intestinal dysbacteriosis, symptoms are observed as with colitis, enterocolitis, gastritis, inflammation of the large and small intestines. The task of the doctor is to make the correct diagnosis, excluding the above pathologies of the digestive system.

It is difficult to diagnose dysbacteriosis without tests. The symptoms of the disease are very similar to the symptoms of other diseases. To make a diagnosis, the doctor needs to have the results of the diagnosis. After collecting the patient's complaints and palpation, the specialist prescribes 2-3 necessary procedures.

To make an accurate diagnosis will help:

• Fecal analysis. The most specific method for laboratory diagnosis of intestinal dysbacteriosis is the analysis and culture of feces.
• Clinical blood test - shows the presence of inflammation and possible bleeding in the intestine. With severe dysbacteriosis, anemia is noted - a decrease in the level of hemoglobin in the blood.
• Colonoscopy. Allows you to assess the condition of a segment of the intestine up to one meter long.
• Ultrasound examination of the abdominal cavity. With its help, comorbidities can be detected.
• Fibroesophagogastroduodenoscopy. It consists in examining the mucous membrane of the stomach, esophagus and duodenum, which is performed using an endoscope.
• X-ray of the intestine. To detect pathological changes, a contrast agent is used during the procedure.

Treatment of dysbacteriosis in adults

With a mild degree of imbalance in the intestinal microflora, it may be sufficient to eliminate these causes through a balanced diet, taking prebiotics or probiotics. In severe disorders, along with complex antimicrobial therapy, dietary nutrition is also indicated.

How to treat intestinal dysbiosis? Treatment measures consist of:

• elimination of excess bacterial contamination of the small intestine;
• restoration of the normal microbial flora of the colon;
• improving intestinal digestion and absorption;
• restoration of impaired intestinal motility;
• stimulation of the reactivity of the body.

Medications

For the treatment of dysbacteriosis, drugs are used that help restore the normal intestinal flora. Usually, one of the following groups is selected:

1. Antibacterial drugs are needed primarily to suppress the overgrowth of microbial flora in the small intestine. The most widely used antibiotics are from the group of tetracyclines, penicillins, cephalosporins, quinolones (tarivid, nitroxoline) and metronidazole.
2. Bacteriophages (intestibacteriophage, staphylococcal bacteriophage, pyobacteriophage, coliproteic bacteriophage, etc.);
3. Antibiotics (fluoroquinolones, cephalosporins, penicillins, macrolides, aminoglycosides, etc.);
4. Probiotics for dysbacteriosis (sporobacterin, enterol, cereobiogen, bactisubtil, etc.).
5. Antifungal agents. They are prescribed when an increased amount of yeast fungi is found in the intestinal contents.
6. Enzymes are prescribed in case of severe digestive disorders. Tablets Mezim 1 tablet 3 times a day, before meals. In order to improve the absorption function, Essentiale, Legalon or Carsil are prescribed, since they stabilize the membranes of the intestinal epithelium. Imodium (loperamide) and trimebutine (debridate) improve bowel propulsion.
7. Sorbents are prescribed for pronounced signs of intoxication. Activated charcoal is prescribed 5-7 tablets at a time, for 5 days.

Only a doctor can prescribe medications for dysbacteriosis, determine their dosage and duration of administration. Self-medication threatens with the occurrence of complications.

With long-term antibiotic treatment, it is imperative to include in therapy a special diet containing foods rich in beneficial bacteria, antifungal and immunostimulating, as well as antihistamine therapy.

Treatment of intestinal dysbacteriosis is prescribed in a complex, depending on the degree of the disease. Since the disease develops under the influence of many factors, it is important to eliminate the cause of its development, otherwise taking probiotics will not give a positive effect. Elimination of foci of infection and chronic diseases is the main task in treatment.

Diet and proper nutrition

There is no special diet for each person, just follow some rules, avoid unwashed fruits, low-quality products and take food every three hours in small portions. It is important to consume hot liquid food every day: soup, broth.

The basic principles of proper nutrition for dysbacteriosis:

• regular meals at the same time;
• eating warm food (within 25-40 degrees) and avoiding too cold or hot food;
• avoidance of aggressive and spicy foods;
• thorough chewing of food;
• frequent eating (every two and a half hours) and in small portions;
• drink plenty of water, but not with meals (so as not to interfere with the digestion of food).

When following a diet, it is allowed to eat the following foods:

• white or rye bread - not fresh, but yesterday's;
• crackers;
• soups on low-fat broths with grated cereals and vegetables;
• meat dishes boiled, steamed or stewed;
• lean meats;
• lean fish boiled, steamed, stewed or fried without breading;
• vegetables (excluding cabbage, legumes and mushrooms) boiled, baked or steamed;
• fruits and berries as part of jelly, compote, puree or mousse;
• baked or raw grated apples;
• low-fat dairy products;
• butter in small quantities;
• sauces without spices;
• all drinks except for alcoholic, carbonated, kvass and fruit drinks.

Along with the diet, patients may be prescribed probiotics and prebiotics. These drugs improve bowel function and restore a healthy composition of the flora.

Folk remedies

Traditional medicine, if proven remedies are used correctly, can improve the condition and alleviate the symptoms of the disease. But it can only be used as an addition to the main treatment prescribed by the doctor.

As an alternative treatment are allowed:

• plants that give an antiseptic effect: pomegranate and rosehip juice diluted with water, strawberries, raspberries;
• analgesic effect gives mint extract, chamomile tea, decoctions of St. John's wort;
• have an astringent effect, anti-inflammatory blueberries, bird cherry, beets.

Folk methods include the use of the following means:

1. Oak bark. A decoction of oak bark has an astringent effect and helps with diarrhea, which often accompanies dysbacteriosis. A tablespoon of raw materials, poured with 250 ml of boiling water, simmer over low heat for a quarter of an hour. The liquid is cooled, filtered and taken in half a glass up to 3 times a day.
2. Garlic. It contains antibacterial compounds that destroy pathogenic microflora and prevent the development of putrefactive processes. To prepare the medicine, you need to crush a clove of garlic in a mortar and pour it with a glass of fat-free kefir. Drink 2 glasses of this drink every day.
3. A useful and tasty cure for dysbacteriosis is a mixture of sunflower seeds, pumpkins and walnut kernels. Well-dried ingredients must be ground in a coffee grinder and take 2 tablespoons of the resulting powder daily with warm water.
4. Serum. Sold in stores or left after making homemade cottage cheese. Heated whey is drunk in the morning on an empty stomach for a month, 1 glass each.
5. If the digestion of food is accompanied by bloating. Pour 4 tablespoons of dill seeds in a glass of hot water, leave for 2 hours, then strain and drink every 2 hours throughout the day.
6. Based on propolis honey: a teaspoon of such honey should be diluted in a glass of warm water or rosehip broth and taken 2 times a day after meals for 1.5 months.
7. The simplest options for herbal decoction are eucalyptus and mint. To prepare the first 3 tbsp. dry eucalyptus pour 500 ml of boiling water. For the second recipe, boiling water is taken 2 times less - 250 ml. Eucalyptus decoction is drunk in a quarter cup 3 times a day, and mint in 3 quarters of a cup 4 times a day. The course of treatment is designed for 14 days.

Treatment exclusively with herbs is possible only in case of mild dysbacteriosis. In other cases, folk methods are just an addition to the main treatment prescribed by a specialist.

Prevention

Preventive measures include adherence to recommendations for proper nutrition, hygiene and food hygiene.

The main preventive measures for adults are as follows:

• healthy eating;
• taking antibiotics only as prescribed by a doctor;
• timely treatment of diseases of the digestive system.

To get rid of dysbacteriosis and prevent further relapses, it is most effective to use an integrated approach. At the first symptoms, be sure to seek help from a gastroenterologist. Be healthy and always watch your lifestyle!

simptomy-i-treatment.net

Disorders of the intestinal microflora: symptoms and treatment

It is important not to miss the beginning! The concept of dysbiosis has become fashionable now, and sometimes this syndrome is put more often than it actually takes place. And at the same time, it is also easy to miss the beginning of its development, because the manifestations are nonspecific. What symptoms should be alerted, which makes it possible to suspect violations of the intestinal microflora?

Symptoms of a violation of the intestinal microflora

First of all, of course, there will be violations of the gastrointestinal tract (dyspeptic symptoms): Heartburn, belching, heaviness in the abdomen, nausea and even vomiting. Bloating (flatulence). In a healthy body, cellulose, which is part of fruits, vegetables, and legumes, is broken down in the intestines to form free gas. Many of the microorganisms among the normal flora are aerobes, that is, they need gas for their existence, they absorb it. With a lack of beneficial bacteria that utilize gas, abundant, frequent gas emission is observed. This is one of the most common symptoms of intestinal dysbiosis. There may be pain in the abdomen due to pathological changes in the intestines, often of an inflammatory nature (colitis, enteritis). It is necessary to treat the resulting enterocolitis, and to normalize the intestinal microflora.

Constipation or diarrhea, which may alternate.

The disease is often manifested by subfebrile temperature. As a result of a violation of the digestion of food and the assimilation of vital substances (vitamins, minerals), the entire body suffers. Hence, there are such signs of dysbiosis as fatigue, fatigue, dry skin, cracks in the corners of the lips.

In addition, patients with dysbacteriosis are characterized by astheno-neurotic syndrome: patients are apathetic, often complain of headache, general weakness, fatigue, worsening sleep. Their performance is declining. There are signs of food allergies,

Often in the form of urticaria, skin rashes and atopic dermatitis.

To make a diagnosis with such non-specific complaints of the patient, the doctor analyzes the symptoms, and also conducts a number of laboratory tests. A fecal analysis is performed, which can show the insufficiency of the digestive function of the intestine (in the feces, undigested pieces of food, starch grains, fatty acids). But the most accurate diagnosis is confirmed by bacteriological culture of feces, which shows which pathogens predominate and which antibacterial agents they are sensitive to. The only drawback of this method is the long research time required to grow a culture of microbes. The whole process takes 7-10 days.

Dysbacteriosis. What to do?

Dysbacteriosis causes a lot of trouble, so the desire to avoid this condition is natural. What can lead to intestinal dysbiosis? How to maintain beneficial microflora? Various adverse environmental factors and the body itself can cause changes in the microflora by the type of dysbiosis. Dysbiosis can occur when the human body is exposed to a wide range of risk factors: various diseases, stress, dietary errors, as well as as a result of the use of antibiotics, radiation therapy and other treatment methods that are ambiguous for the body. Modern studies show that violations of the intestinal microflora occur in 90-100% of patients with diseases of the internal organs. These include diseases of the digestive system, cardiovascular, metabolic diseases, oncopathological processes, allergic and autoimmune diseases, and many others. In turn, these changes, having reached a certain level, worsen the clinical course of the underlying disease. In this regard, it is necessary to maintain the state of normal microflora in the development of any disease, and especially when using aggressive methods of treatment such as antibiotic therapy, chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Stress, both acute and chronic, can also lead to severe dysbiosis.

Measures to maintain our normal microflora should be carried out regularly, and especially when exposed to the above factors. This should be expressed in proper nutrition, as well as the use of additional measures to restore beneficial microflora.

Can dysbacteriosis be cured? How to restore the normal composition of the microflora in the intestine?

Is it possible to cure dysbiosis and what is required for this? Is this task within the power of traditional medicine, or is it impossible to do without pharmaceutical preparations? First you need to establish an accurate diagnosis. Therefore, in case of any violations of the intestines, you should immediately consult a doctor. Symptoms of dysbiosis, as already mentioned, are nonspecific, other diseases may have similar manifestations. The sooner the diagnosis is made, the more likely it is to restore the normal composition of the microflora in the intestine. From modern positions, the treatment of dysbiosis must be carried out by influencing both sides of the inseparable pair "human body - normal microflora". Therefore, it is necessary to start with the treatment of major diseases, and only as a parallel process, it is necessary to have a specific effect on the intestinal microflora. In this issue, we cannot consider the treatment of major diseases - their list is huge. Our topic is the impact on the restoration of intestinal microflora. Specific exposure refers to the use of drugs, biologically active food supplements, herbs, food products and other means that have a direct effect on the representatives of the intestinal microflora.

The main areas of impact will be:

Inhibition of growth and reproduction of pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms. Creation of the necessary environment and optimal conditions for the development of normal microflora.

Strengthening immunity.

Direct influence on the state and functions of the body in order to eliminate the negative symptoms and consequences of dysbiosis.

Folk remedies, when used correctly, successfully cope with the problem of dysbiosis and are able to cover all of these therapeutic areas. Source: People's doctor. Special issue, №169, 2016

samsebelekar.ru

Signs of intestinal dysbacteriosis in women 7851 0 10/28/2016

Dysbacteriosis is a pathological condition in which the balance of the intestinal microflora is disturbed, expressed in a decrease in the number of beneficial bifidus and lactobacilli against the background of the rapid growth and activity of pathogenic microorganisms. The bacterial flora of the intestine can change under the influence of various factors. Most often, intestinal infections and the use of potent antibacterial drugs become the cause of the pathology, but sometimes severe stress or psycho-emotional shock can become a provoking factor.

Signs of intestinal dysbiosis in women

Why does dysbacteriosis appear?

Taking antibiotics

The most common cause of intestinal dysbiosis in women is treatment with antibiotics. These are broad-spectrum drugs that affect all bacteria that live in the lumen of the digestive tract. Antibiotics destroy not only pathogenic microorganisms that cause the disease, but also beneficial microflora. It is for this reason that against the background of therapy with potent drugs, patients often experience diarrhea, flatulence and other digestive disorders.

Advice! Treatment with antibiotics must be combined with the intake of probiotics and lactic acid bacteria. This will help to avoid the development of dysbacteriosis, speed up recovery and strengthen the immune system. For the effect of the drugs to be effective, it is important to observe the interval between taking the drugs (at least 3 hours).

What are the benefits of probiotics

Diseases of the digestive tract

Pathologies of the digestive system can cause a decrease in the number of beneficial bacteria and the development of dysbacteriosis. For example, infectious diseases of the gastrointestinal tract lead to the digestion and destruction of beneficial flora. To restore it, it is also recommended to take probiotic cultures or prebiotics.

Intestinal infections

Salmonellosis, dysentery and other infections in 90% of cases cause an imbalance in the intestinal microflora. The growth of pathogenic flora leads to the formation of colonies of the infectious agent. When the number of pathogenic bacteria begins to exceed the number of beneficial microorganisms, the destruction of beneficial flora begins.

Signs of gastrointestinal infections

"Female" reasons

Intestinal dysbacteriosis in women can be caused by causes that are specific to the fairer sex. Most often, lovers of diets suffer from pathology, especially if they are mono-diets. Mono-diet involves the use of only one type of food for a short period (no more than 1-3 days). Severe dietary restrictions lead to an imbalance in the intestinal microflora and a deficiency of nutrients (namely, vitamins are involved in the growth of beneficial microorganisms on the intestinal mucosa).

Advice! To maintain intestinal health, women are not recommended to go on rigid diets for a long period. Nutritionists advise to replace mono-diets with fasting days (no more than 1-2 times in 7-10 days). If, nevertheless, a woman makes a choice in favor of a "hungry" diet, be sure to supplement the daily diet with fermented milk products (kefir is best) or taking probiotics.

One of the causes of dysbacteriosis in women is mono-diets

Another reason leading to dysbacteriosis in women is the abuse of mechanical bowel cleansing methods. These include:

• frequent use of enemas (for weight loss or cleansing);
• colon therapy (removal of feces from the intestines with the help of volumetric washing);
• the use of drinks, teas and other means for weight loss.

If you are overweight, you should not self-medicate. It is best to seek help from an endocrinologist or nutritionist - it is much safer and more effective than fasting and other methods of losing weight at home.

Other reasons

Sometimes the balance of the intestinal microflora is disturbed under the influence of negative factors (which are favorable for the growth of pathogenic colonies), which include:

• insufficient consumption of dairy products;
• stress and emotional unrest;
• drug or food allergies;
• deficiency of vitamins and minerals;
• reduced immunity and diseases characterized by a state of immunodeficiency (malignant tumors, HIV, etc.);
• undergoing a course of chemotherapy and radiation therapy for oncological diseases;
• helminthic invasion, helminthiases.

Important! Provoke intestinal dysbacteriosis can long-term use of hormonal drugs ("Yarina", "Zhanin", "Diana 35"). Medicines of this group are prescribed to women to stop uterine bleeding, treat chronic diseases of the uterus and other organs of the reproductive system, and also protect against unwanted pregnancy.

Video - What is intestinal dysbiosis? How to treat dysbacteriosis?

How does dysbacteriosis manifest itself in women?

Symptoms of intestinal dysbiosis in women can be divided into several groups. They depend on the cause, additional factors and the general health of the patient. Most often, the pathology is manifested by disturbances in the functioning of the digestive tract, but sometimes the first symptoms of dysbacteriosis are skin dermatitis, allergic reactions, or vaginosis.

allergic reactions

If the intestinal microflora is disturbed, the allergy appears mainly to food, as the nutrients "adapt" to the changed bacterial composition. This condition can be accompanied by intestinal disorders, rumbling and even pain. Deficiency of lactic bacteria responsible for comfortable digestion and assimilation of food leads to a rejection reaction, which outwardly manifests itself as allergy symptoms.

A woman may notice the following signs of pathology:

• sneezing
• lacrimation;
• redness of the skin in some areas;
• skin itching;
• dermatitis;
• hives;
• flow from the nose.

In violation of the intestinal microflora, allergies appear mainly to food

Important! Dysbacteriosis can be suspected by these symptoms if they appear after eating foods (provided that the woman does not suffer from allergies) and do not go away after taking antihistamines and antiallergic drugs.

Dysbacteriosis of the vagina

More than half of the cases of intestinal dysbacteriosis in women are accompanied by the development of vaginal dysbiosis. This is a condition in which the number of lactobacilli that inhabit the acidic environment of the vagina decreases. Pathology affects the level of acidity of the vaginal tract and can lead to infectious diseases caused by bacteria, microbes or fungi. There are two forms of vaginal dysbiosis: vaginal candidiasis and bacterial vaginosis.

What is vaginal dysbiosis

In order to prevent the development of serious infectious diseases, it is necessary to respond in time to the signs and symptoms of violations of the vaginal microflora. These include:

• dryness of the mucous membranes of the vagina and genital organs;
• insufficient lubrication during intimacy;
• an increase in the volume of secretions or a change in their color, smell or consistency;
• unpleasant odor (subject to sufficient intimate hygiene).

Important! These signs may indicate the development of vaginal dysbiosis or genital infections. It is impossible to independently determine the diagnosis. To determine the cause that caused the appearance of uncharacteristic symptoms, a doctor's examination with the help of a gynecological mirror and the study of biological material (sowing on the flora) are required.

Symptoms of vaginal dysbiosis

Manifestations from the gastrointestinal tract

Digestive disorders are a classic sign of intestinal dysbiosis. They can have different intensity and appear in combination or occur in isolation from other clinical symptoms of the pathology. One of the main signs of an imbalance in the intestinal microflora is the instability of the stool. A woman may be tormented by constipation or diarrhea, and often there is a painful urge to defecate, but no stool is released.

Other manifestations of dysbacteriosis include:

• bloating;
• rumbling;
• loss of appetite or its decrease;
• mucus in feces;
• pain in the abdominal region.

Symptoms of intestinal dysbiosis

In rare cases, dysbacteriosis may be accompanied by vomiting and nausea. In this case, a woman needs to undergo a complete examination to exclude the possibility of serious diseases.

Manifestations of beriberi

Vitamin deficiency, malnutrition with a minimum content of vegetables and fruits leads to specific symptoms of dysbacteriosis. Useful substances entering the intestine are not absorbed by the mucous membranes, but are excreted from the body almost unchanged, since beneficial bacteria (lactic acid microorganisms) are responsible for the absorption of useful elements in the intestine. In this case, most often there are external signs of pathology, which include:

• dry skin and lips;
• angulitis (bites in the corners of the mouth);
• hair loss, split ends;
• the formation of white spots and stripes on the nail plates;
• peeling of the skin;
• pallor of the skin.

Often, women with dysbacteriosis are diagnosed with pathologies of the oral cavity, for example, stomatitis. With chronic deficiency, constant fatigue, weakness, and decreased performance may appear.

Symptoms of drug dysbacteriosis

An imbalance in the intestinal microflora after treatment with antibiotics or other drugs of the antibacterial group occurs in 74% of cases. The main manifestation of the pathology is a change in the nature of the stool (diarrhea most often occurs). In some cases, diarrhea and constipation may alternate, with constipation accompanied by increased gas formation and pain in the intestines and stomach.

In half of the cases, bacterial vaginosis joins intestinal dysbacteriosis, so the prophylactic intake of probiotics and lactobacilli is an essential component of drug therapy.

Complex therapy for the treatment of dysbacteriosis

Features of diagnostics

There is only one way to diagnose dysbacteriosis - a biochemical study of feces, which takes into account not only the cavity microflora, but also the parietal colonies of microorganisms. 72 hours before the material is submitted for analysis, a woman is prescribed a special diet that excludes foods that can cause fermentation reactions. These include:

• alcoholic drinks;
• chocolate and other confectionery products with a high sugar content;
• baking from wheat flour;
• dairy products;
• some vegetables (turnips, onions, all types of cabbage).

During this period, you can not take drugs with antibacterial action. If dysbacteriosis is diagnosed, it is recommended to re-examine after 2-3 days.

According to the results of the analysis, the woman is prescribed appropriate treatment, and recommendations are given on hygiene and care.

Diagnosis of dysbacteriosis by tests

How to treat?

There are several ways to treat intestinal dysbacteriosis, but complex therapy is often used to achieve maximum effect.

Medical therapy

Treatment with the use of medications is aimed at eliminating the symptoms of dysbacteriosis, strengthening the immune system, colonizing the intestines with beneficial microorganisms and preventing complications. Women can be prescribed drugs of different pharmacological groups, which are listed below.

Pharmacological groupWhat do you need?Drugs

Sorbents	They remove toxins, toxic fumes, allergens, toxins, eliminate intoxication. Purify the blood, help strengthen the protective functions of the body	"Polysorb", "Activated carbon", "Enterodez", "Enterosgel", "Smekta"
Multivitamin and vitamin-mineral complexes	Restore the balance of vitamins and minerals, improve well-being, increase the body's resistance to infectious diseases	"Alfavit", "Duovit", "Vitamax", "Biomax", "Vitrum", "Sana-sol"
Digestive enzymes	Eliminate signs of digestive disorders, improve digestion and the functioning of the digestive tract, relieve heartburn, bloating, flatulence	"Creon 10000", "Pancreatin"
Prebiotics, probiotics, lactobacilli	Suppress the activity of pathogenic flora, destroy pathogenic bacteria, restore the balance of microflora by colonizing the intestines with beneficial bacteria	"Linex", "Hilak Forte", "Yogulakt", "Bifidumbacterin", "Normobakt"
Antifungal drugs	Appointed when fungi are found in feces	"Levorin"

Bifidumbacterin for the treatment of intestinal dysbacteriosis in women

If vaginal dysbiosis joins intestinal dysbacteriosis, a woman is prescribed topical treatments that can be used in the form of vaginal suppositories, gels or ointments. Preparations containing useful lactobacilli - candles "Bifidumbacterin" and "Acilact" have an excellent therapeutic effect. Medicines have only one disadvantage - they are sold only in large settlements, so residents of small towns and villages have to choose other means for the treatment of vaginal dysbiosis.

Diet for dysbacteriosis

Diet in violation of the intestinal microflora

Women are advised to eat foods rich in fiber and coarse plant fibers. These are vegetables, herbs, berries, fruits, cereals, rye flour, bran. These products improve the functioning of the intestines, cleanse it and improve the absorption of nutrients, which prevents violations of the intestinal microflora. Fermented milk products must be present in the diet: kefir, yogurt, fermented baked milk. The stores now have a huge selection of products with the addition of healthy dairy crops, so it will not be difficult to create the right menu.

• semi-finished products;
• sausages;
• products containing atrium glutamate, flavors, dyes and preservatives;
• alcoholic drinks;
• chips, crackers;
• carbonated drinks;
• spices and spices.

Important! This diet is recommended for women not only during the period of treatment of dysbacteriosis - constant adherence to the recommendations will help improve skin condition, improve the functioning of the digestive organs, increase immunity and lose weight, if any.

Nutrition for dysbacteriosis

Folk recipes

For the treatment of dysbacteriosis in women, the following remedies are successfully used:

• decoction of oak bark (drink 1 glass on an empty stomach until the symptoms are completely eliminated);
• a mixture of garlic and honey (take a teaspoon 2-3 times a day 30-60 minutes before meals for 5-7 days);
• rice water (drink half a glass 2 times a day, regardless of food intake for 10 days).

Intestinal dysbacteriosis is a common pathology that can be asymptomatic or cause uncharacteristic clinical signs. Timely treatment will help women not only avoid serious complications and infection of the gastrointestinal tract, but also maintain "female" health, which directly depends on the state of the intestinal microflora.

Video - How to treat intestinal dysbacteriosis with folk remedies

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How to treat a violation of the intestinal microflora

What is the intestinal microflora, the causes of its violation, the symptoms of dysbacteriosis in adults and children, the treatment of bacterial balance disorders using various means.

Violation of the intestinal microflora is a pathological process inside the body, in which the level of immunity decreases and various diseases of the internal organs can begin to develop.

Features of the intestinal microflora

The intestinal microflora is a collection of beneficial bacteria that are in it. It is worth noting that bacteria are not present in the entire human body; they are not present in the internal organs and blood. But in the organs and systems that interact with the external environment, they are - this is the skin, gastrointestinal tract, respiratory system. Thus, many biological systems inhabited by beneficial bacteria simultaneously function in the human body. Microflora is a sensitive and very complex system. Most microorganisms are found in the large intestine, but not all of its departments have the same number of bacteria. In the small intestine, for example, there are a small number of them, because of the high percentage of hydrochloric acid in the department, they die. The largest number of bacteria is found in the microflora of the lower intestines, they consist of lacto- and bifidobacteria. Bifidobacteria are very important components of the microflora, which are mainly found in the large intestine. It is thanks to these beneficial microorganisms that our immunity is strong enough to fight pathogenic bacteria and viruses. Bifidobacteria, in addition to serving as a protective barrier against pathogenic microbes, help to activate the digestive organs. Also, with their help, vitamins and microelements are absorbed faster, amino acids and proteins are synthesized. Lactobacilli that "live" in the intestines are natural antibiotics for the body. The main function of lactobacilli is to protect and strengthen the immune system. In order to fully activate the work of these beneficial microorganisms, doctors advise consuming various dairy and sour-milk products as often as possible. Beneficial bacteria that inhabit a healthy intestine produce vitamin B and nicotinic acid, due to which calcium and iron from food. Violation of the normal intestinal microflora can occur for various reasons. As a result of failures, beneficial bacteria die, while pathogenic ones, on the contrary, begin to multiply faster.

Causes of violation of the intestinal microflora

Very often it is the person who is the cause of such violations. This may be due to taking any medications, frequent overeating, improperly balanced meals, unhealthy lifestyle, lack of physical activity. Consider the most common causes of dysbacteriosis:

• One of the most common causes of the disorder is antibiotic treatment. They affect not only pathogenic bacteria, but also lead to the death of beneficial microorganisms.
• Reasons that are at the top of the list of risk factors: smoking, frequent drinking, snacking on spicy and fatty foods and sweets. There may be a violation of the microflora due to the fact that your diet does not contain foods containing vegetable fiber. After all, it is she who is the main means for feeding beneficial microorganisms.
• Another reason for the violation: when the intestines are cleansed too often and actively. Along with this, both pathogenic and beneficial organisms die. This happens with the uncontrolled use of laxatives.
• When a person is too clean, he begins to overuse hygiene products. Overuse of antibacterial products kills beneficial bacteria.
• If a person has recently suffered an infectious disease, the body is exhausted by inflammatory processes, possibly allergic reactions, then this, of course, will affect both the immune system and the intestinal microflora.
• A common cause of dysbacteriosis is hormonal failure.
• Past stress, diseases of the nervous system, constant lack of sleep, an unbalanced diet, the use of low-quality water are also on the list of causes of disruption of the normal intestinal microflora.

The main symptoms of violation of microflora in the intestine

The main symptoms of such disorders are diarrhea or constipation, rumbling and increased flatulence. A person may feel unwell, weakness in the body, pain of a different nature in the abdomen.

Symptoms of a violation of the intestinal microflora in adults

In adults, the symptoms of the disorder directly depend on the stage of the disease. Doctors distinguish four main ones:

1. The first is characterized by a slight imbalance between normal and pathogenic bacteria. Such imbalances can often be caused by a course of antibiotic treatment, as well as a sudden change in the quality of food or water. At this stage, the signs do not have a pronounced character, there can only be rumbling in the stomach. The state of the microflora can improve and fully recover after the elimination of the causes of the violation - the end of medication, the body getting used to new nutritional conditions.
2. Symptoms of dysbacteriosis in the second stage are more noticeable. Your appetite may decrease, you may experience a bad taste in your mouth, and you may also experience nausea and vomiting. Patients often complain of bloating and flatulence, diarrhea or constipation. Of course, these symptoms may accompany other diseases, but most often they speak of the initial stages of dysbacteriosis.
3. In the third stage, the patient needs serious medical treatment, as the bacteria inside the intestine begin to multiply more actively and cause inflammation. Patients often have severe pain in the intestines, the stool is disturbed, often with various impurities.
4. At the fourth stage, all beneficial bacteria are ousted from the microflora. In this state, the intestines cannot cope with the function of absorption of the necessary substances, vitamin deficiency develops. Patients have a disturbed sleep pattern, a strong feeling of fatigue and apathy is disturbing. If the case is severe, an infection inside the intestines may develop.

Symptoms may be stronger or weaker, depending on factors such as the general condition of the body, the level of immunity, the patient's lifestyle. For example, if one person after a two-week course of antibiotic treatment, the state of the microflora is only slightly disturbed, then another may already have a serious degree of dysbacteriosis.

Signs of violation of the intestinal microflora in children

Most often, dysbacteriosis worries newborns. This is due to the characteristics of their body and the stages of its development. Doctors explain such violations by the fact that the intestines in babies are practically sterile, the balance of microflora is not yet stable. It will be adjusted in the first five days from birth. It is with breast milk that over time the baby will receive all the necessary useful trace elements, as well as bacteria for the developing organism. The risk of dysbacteriosis is especially high in children who were born prematurely and in those who are artificially fed. The newborn may have frequent pain in the tummy, food is not digested properly, thereby causing the formation of gases and colic. You can avoid such violations if you give your baby additional nutrients - probiotics. The bacteria contained in them are very useful for the normal functioning of the child's intestines. Not only newborns, but also the organisms of preschoolers and children of primary school age tend to be influenced by various factors (for example, infections, unbalanced nutrition), as a result of which the child may be disturbed by painful symptoms - diarrhea or constipation, appetite problems, abdominal pain. They are direct evidence that the balance of the intestinal microflora of the child is disturbed. In children, the symptoms of disorders appear brighter and are often expressed as follows:

• severe constipation or diarrhea;
• Periodic pain sensations of varying degrees in the lower abdomen;
• Strong gas formation;
• loss of appetite;
• The appearance of an allergic rash on the skin;
• Sluggish and apathetic state.

Often, parents begin to treat their children on their own with various herbal decoctions and suppositories for constipation, diarrhea and other symptoms. They provide only temporary relief for the child. All stages of treatment can be selected only by a specialist who will prescribe the necessary examinations and medications that can eliminate not only the symptoms, but also the cause of dysbacteriosis.

Consequences of violation of the intestinal microflora

As a result of an imbalance in the microflora in the body, the process of intoxication occurs, which entails a metabolic disorder and the development of inflammation. This process manifests itself in this way:

1. Bloating.
2. The feeling of hunger comes within a few minutes after eating.
3. The general condition of the body noticeably worsens: weakness sets in, frequent dizziness and nausea may disturb.

In order for all the symptoms to go away, it is necessary to undergo a course of microflora restoration.

Methods for the treatment of violations of the intestinal microflora

Starting the recovery process, you must first change your diet. The main goal of the diet is to normalize the functioning of intestinal motility. For a good result of treatment, only a strict diet is necessary, completely excluding foods that can cause severe gas formation, and it is imperative to eat foods containing fiber. Also every day you need to consume dairy products.

Medications for disorders of the intestinal microflora

The most popular drugs against dysbacteriosis, which must be taken for the prevention of newborns, are Bifiform Baby and Bifidumbacterin. They help the baby go through the adaptation process faster and form a balanced microflora in the intestines. The procedure for treating dysbacteriosis in adults is more complicated. If the absorption process is disturbed, problems with indigestion are of concern, then there is an excess of pathogenic bacteria in the intestines. All this leads to inflammatory processes. In such cases, doctors prescribe strong antibacterial drugs. If the case of the violation is more severe, antibiotics are prescribed: with penicillin, fluoroquinol or cephalosporin. Mild disorders can be cured with antimicrobial drugs that have a bactericidal effect on the intestines. Treatment is the usual course and is a week or two. After antibiotic treatment is over, patients are advised to drink sorbents in order to completely cleanse the intestines of the remnants of dead pathogenic microorganisms. With the help of enzyme and choleretic drugs, as well as hepatoprotectors, the process of splitting food and absorbing nutritional components. Thus, the conditions for restoring the balance in the microflora are normalized and beneficial bacteria begin to colonize it. It is also important to remember that it is necessary to correct the body's immune status: for this, immunomodulators and vitamin therapy can be prescribed by a doctor.

Folk remedies against violation of microflora in the intestine

The microflora will begin to actively recover if you start making adjustments to your diet. You also need to additionally support the body with vitamins and minerals. In order to increase the number of beneficial lactobacilli, include more carrots, white cabbage, garlic, celery, and beets in your diet. Here are a few recipes for dishes from these beneficial foods that help restore the balance of bacteria in the intestines:

• Beet marinade. Large beets are peeled and cut into small cubes. It is poured with a liter of water, three tablespoons of apple cider vinegar. Sugar (a tablespoon), black pepper (a pinch) and cloves (a couple of pieces) are added. The mixture is infused overnight at room temperature. You need to drink the infusion before eating a tablespoon.
• Garlic oil. Garlic cloves (5-6 pieces) must be ground to a gruel state. Transfer the resulting mass into a glass dish and pour one glass of vegetable oil. Place in refrigerator for 24 hours. The oil is perfect for dressing various salads.

Proper nutrition to improve the condition of the intestinal microflora

To combat the violation of the intestinal microflora, it is recommended to use prebiotics. This is a natural product that perfectly improves the level of immunity. They help the body cope with colds and dysbacteriosis faster. This natural remedy is known as a common food component that will not be fully absorbed by the intestines, but at the same time it perfectly activates the restoration of microflora. Prebiotics are found in large quantities in chicory, dandelion greens, garlic, onions, fresh asparagus, banana, wheat bran. Including these products in the diet, you can greatly help restore the microflora. Doctors recommend consuming fermented milk products daily, because they perfectly replenish the reserves of useful lacto- and bifidobacteria. They will help get rid of dysbacteriosis, strengthen the immune system, and normalize the active functioning of the digestive tract. The beneficial microorganisms that are part of fermented milk products will not allow pathogenic microbes and fungi to develop, they will help to more easily digest carbohydrates, which later turn into lactic acid, participate in the synthesis of vitamins K and B Also, with their help, it will be better to pass the process of metabolism and regulate cholesterol levels.

If, after trying home treatment, improvement does not occur within a day, you should immediately seek professional help.

Instruction

The composition of the intestinal microflora includes many microorganisms, the total weight of which is 2 kilograms. The main (obligate) part is bifidobacteria (95%). Associated microorganisms are represented by lactobacilli, coccal forms, Escherichia coli, their number does not exceed 5%. The residual flora is conditionally pathogenic, it includes Candida, Proteus, Staphylococcus, Enterobacteria, Campylobacter, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Normally, their specific gravity should not be more than 1%.

Normal microflora performs the following functions: digestive, protective, immunomodulatory, metabolic. It has a detoxifying effect, protecting the body from germs and toxins. It is a natural biosorbent that accumulates many poisonous products (metals, phenols, xenobiotics, poisons). Normal intestinal microflora suppresses the action of pathogens of intestinal infections, putrefactive, pyogenic, pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms. It helps to strengthen the immune system, synthesizes antibiotic-like substances, is the main food processor, plays a significant role in the processes of digestion, metabolism, promotes the absorption of calcium, iron, vitamin D.

Intestinal microflora restores the motor and digestive functions of the gastrointestinal tract, normalizes peristalsis, prevents flatulence, provides body cells with energy, regulates appetite, mood, sleep, and circadian rhythms. The correct and regular functioning of the gastrointestinal tract will directly depend on the composition of the microflora, the violation of which leads to diseases such as cardiovascular pathologies, diabetes mellitus, gastrointestinal problems, hormonal disruptions, etc.

The predominance of pathogenic bacteria in the intestines causes abdominal pain, flatulence, dryness, and peeling of the skin. The imbalance of the intestinal flora is one of the main causes of early aging of the body, as putrefactive bacteria poison the body. Violation of the microflora occurs due to qualitative and quantitative changes in the composition of the intestinal flora, it is called "dysbacteriosis". Its causes are: malnutrition, taking antibiotics, antiseptics, antibacterial agents, improper bowel cleansing. Other reasons include: reduced immunity, alcohol abuse, smoking.

Intestinal dysbacteriosis is a fairly common pathology characterized by digestive disorders. He causes a lot of trouble. The symptoms of intestinal dysbacteriosis in women are many-sided: these are disturbed stools, periodic pain in the abdomen, poor-quality digestion of food, and many other signs. The disease is associated with a violation of the normal composition of the microflora, in which the body is "inhabited" by pathogenic bacteria. What caused such a state of affairs? And what methods to deal with it?

Causes of pathology

Many microorganisms "live" on the surface of the intestine. Basically, these are irreplaceable and very useful bacteria for humans. They help the digestive process, the absorption of calcium, iron, provide the synthesis of amino acids, vitamins, and inhibit the development of putrefactive, pathogenic microbes. Such microflora helps to strengthen the immune system, protects against the development of allergies, provides anti-infective, as well as anti-cancer protection.

But if there is an imbalance in the ratio of useful and then the disease develops in the body dysbacteriosis. Many reasons can cause such a pathology.

Often the symptoms of intestinal dysbacteriosis in women, as well as in men, are provoked by the following sources:

The pathology may be based on other reasons. They are typical for the fair sex.

Doctors say that most often the symptoms of intestinal dysbacteriosis in women are provoked by the following factors:

1. Varied diets. Many women often resort to a variety of dietary patterns. And very often their choice stops at strict diets, in which the set of products is strictly limited. This has an extremely negative effect on the intestinal microflora. As a result, dysbacteriosis can develop, and sometimes severe ailments of the digestive tract.
2. Excessive cleansing of the body. We are talking about a variety of ways to cleanse the intestines: repeated enemas, the use of sorbents or laxatives, hydrocolonotherapy. This process really helps eliminate intestinal toxins. But, unfortunately, normal microflora is lost along with them. If a significant part of beneficial bacteria is washed out of the body, dysbacteriosis begins to develop in the intestines.
3. Taking antibiotics. Many women consider such drugs a panacea for any ailments. These young ladies at the first symptoms of malaise use antibacterial drugs. And in order to finally “finish off” the infection, they take this medicine for a long time. But, unfortunately, the “killed” is the intestinal microflora.

Characteristic symptoms

It is believed that the initial stages of the pathology may not manifest any clinical signs. Unpleasant phenomena occur when the pathology is already progressing.

1. Broken chair. There is diarrhea, provoked by increased formation of bile acids and increased intestinal motility. These processes inhibit the absorption of water in the body. A little later, the stools acquire a putrid unpleasant odor. They may contain mucus or blood. In some cases (more common in older people), constipation develops instead of diarrhea.
2. Bloating. Due to impaired absorption and removal of gases, they accumulate in the large intestine. A woman feels unpleasant discomfort in the peritoneal cavity, which may be accompanied by rumbling.
3. Pressure increases in the intestines. As a result, the patient experiences periodic discomfort. Its intensity decreases significantly after the passage of stool or gases. The pain can be localized in the navel area, if it suffers, or on the right, in the lower abdomen, if the pathology has engulfed the large intestine.
4. Dyspeptic disorders. They characterize indigestion. These are symptoms such as decreased appetite, belching, painful nausea, and vomiting.
5. allergic manifestations. Violation of the microflora leads to failures in many systems. As a result of a weakened antiallergic effect, the patient may develop a rash, itching, after taking products that did not cause such reactions before.
6. Signs of intoxication. Since metabolic products accumulate in the body, the patient may have a fever (up to 38 degrees), general fatigue, headache, and sleep disturbance.
7. Symptoms indicating a vitamin deficiency. Of course, with dysbacteriosis, the body does not receive the necessary nutrition. Such a situation may be indicated by: dry, pale skin, the appearance of stomatitis, the formation of a jam near the mouth, changes in nails and hair.

Possible Complications

It is important to timely attach importance to the unpleasant symptoms that have appeared and consult a doctor to prescribe the appropriate treatment. Otherwise, chronic dysbacteriosis may develop.

This condition is extremely dangerous for its possible consequences:

1. Deficiency of trace elements and vitamins. As a result of constantly disturbed digestion and absorption process in the intestine, iron deficiency anemia, hypovitaminosis can develop.
2. Chronic enterocolitis. Prolonged exposure to pathogenic flora leads to intestinal inflammation.
3. Peritonitis. The aggressive influence of harmful bacteria causes intestinal destruction. As a result, the contents may enter the abdominal cavity.
4. Sepsis. Infection is dictated by the entry of pathogenic flora into the blood.
5. Pancreatitis, gastroduodenitis.
6. The occurrence of other ailments. Immunity is reduced. As a result, various diseases can appear.
7. Weight loss. Indigestion leads to a lack of nutrients in the body.

Diagnosis of the disease

To choose an adequate treatment for intestinal dysbacteriosis in adults, you need to consult a doctor.

Initially, a diagnosis will be made. It consists of the following activities:

1. Evaluation of patient complaints.
2. Visual examination, including It allows you to determine in which area the problem is localized.
3. Microbiological analysis of feces. For accurate diagnosis of the patient, 3 days before the study, they are transferred to a special diet. Such nutrition excludes food that can enhance fermentation in the intestines. This is lactic acid food, alcohol. At this time, the use of antibacterial drugs is unacceptable. To reliably diagnose, doctors recommend conducting such an analysis 2-3 times, after 1-2 days.

Disease treatment methods

Dysbacteriosis is very often associated with various pathologies: irritable bowel syndrome, changes in motility, psycho-emotional failures. Therefore, it is possible to fight the disease only by complex methods.

Treatment of intestinal dysbacteriosis in adults depends on the disease that provoked it, as well as on the clinical symptoms.

• dieting;
• getting rid of the excessive development of harmful microflora;
• settlement of the intestines with beneficial microorganisms;
• increase immunity, in order to create a natural flora.

And remember: no matter what effective remedy for dysbacteriosis you use (probiotics, dietary supplements, kefir), self-treatment rarely leads to a complete recovery.

Medical therapy

Treatment consists of the following drugs:

1. Prebiotics. Supports the growth and reproduction of beneficial microbes. These are such drugs: "Duphalac", "Hilak-forte".
2. Probiotics. Medicines contain live bacteria. Such means are: Lifepack Probiotics, Bifidumbacterin, Flonivin, Enterol, Baktisubtil, Bifikol, Linex, Biosorb-Bifidum, Bifidumbacterin forte.
3. Symbiotics. These are medicines that combine a prebiotic and a probiotic. They simultaneously stimulate the development of normal flora and restore an insufficient number of necessary microbes. These include medicines: "Bifidobak", "Maltodofilus".
4. Antibiotics. Such tablets from dysbacteriosis are used in the last stages of the disease. Their goal is to destroy the pathogenic flora. Most often prescribed: "Doxycycline", "Cefuroxime", "Ceftriaxone", "Ampioks", "Metronidazole".
5. They are recommended if found. Often, the drug "Levorin" is prescribed.
6. Enzymes. These tablets for dysbacteriosis help to normalize the digestive process. Drugs can be recommended: "Mezim", "Creon", "Pancreatin".
7. Sorbents. With severe symptoms of intoxication, this remedy for dysbacteriosis must be prescribed. Medicines are recommended: Enterosgel, Polyphepan, Activated carbon, Smekta, Enterodez.
8. Multivitamins. With dysbacteriosis, the drug "Duovit" is useful.

Diet food

Patients are advised to follow diet number 4. Depending on the patient's condition, various modifications of this table are prescribed. Nutrition contributes to the normalization of the functioning of the intestine, reduces the activity of putrefactive processes.

• eat food containing dietary fiber;
• give preference to live bacterial cultures (yogurts, kefirs);
• monitor the diet;
• exclude unhealthy foods: fatty, spicy foods, marinades, smoked meats.

Alternative treatment

There are many excellent methods that can deal with such a pathology as dysbacteriosis. Alternative treatment will be beneficial if it is fully agreed with the doctor.

Excellent folk remedies include:

• rice water;
• oak bark tincture;
• fresh garlic (it is recommended to use it before eating, 1 hour before).

However, do not forget that only a doctor can recommend the best remedy for dysbacteriosis, based on the characteristics of the pathology that occurs in your body.

The term "Dysbacteriosis", comes from the Greek "dys", which means "negation" and the words "bacteria", "bacteria or microorganism". Intestinal dysbacteriosis is a quantitative and qualitative violation of the normal intestinal flora. The human intestine is inhabited by bacteria, about 2/3 of the contents of the large and small intestines are represented by microorganisms. A certain quantity and quality of such microorganisms constitute the normal intestinal microflora. Normal intestinal flora is a biomass of obligate (mandatory) microbes involved in the development of immunity. With intestinal dysbacteriosis, there is a violation of the production of immunity, the colonization of foreign microorganisms, and the development of putrefactive flora, instead of normal. As a result, the putrefactive flora causes chronic inflammation of the intestine, with characteristic clinical manifestations. An imbalance between microorganisms is the background for the development of various intestinal diseases (the most dangerous is intestinal cancer).

Anatomy and physiology of the intestine

In order to understand in which anatomical formations dysbacteriosis occurs, for this we will talk a little about the anatomy of the intestine.

The intestine is the longest section of the digestive tract, located in the abdominal cavity, originates from the pylorus and ends with the anus. The length of the entire intestine is about 4 meters. It is divided into the small intestine and the large intestine, each of which has its own anatomical features.

1. Small intestine, is the initial section of the intestine, consists of loops, longer than the thick one (from 2.2 to 4.4 m) and smaller in diameter (from 5 to 3 cm). Processes of digestion of proteins, fats and carbohydrates take place in it. The small intestine begins at the pylorus and ends at the ileocecal angle. The small intestine is divided into 3 sections:

• The initial section - the duodenum, starts from the pylorus of the stomach, has the shape of a horseshoe, goes around the pancreas;
• The jejunum is a continuation of the duodenum, making up approximately the initial 6-7 loops of the small intestine, the border between them is not expressed;
• The ileum is a continuation of the jejunum, represented by the following 7-8 loops. It ends with a confluence at a right angle into the initial part of the large intestine (caecum).

1. Colon, represents the final section of the digestive tract, it absorbs water and forms formed feces. It is located so that it borders (surrounds) the loops of the small intestine. Its wall forms protrusions (gaustra), which is one of the differences from the wall of the small intestine. The length of the large intestine is about 150 cm and the diameter is from 8 to 4 cm, depending on the department. The large intestine consists of the following sections:

• The caecum with the appendicular process is the initial section of the large intestine, located below the ileocecal angle, its length is from 3 to 8 cm;
• The ascending part of the colon is a continuation of the caecum, occupies the extreme right lateral position of the abdominal cavity, rises from the level of the ilium to the level of the lower edge of the right lobe of the liver, and ends with the right bend of the colon;
• The transverse colon, starts from the right colic flexure (the level of the right hypochondrium), runs in the transverse direction and ends with the left flexure of the colon (the level of the left hypochondrium);
• The descending part of the colon occupies the extreme left lateral position of the abdominal cavity. It starts from the left bend of the colon, goes down to the level of the left ilium;
• The sigmoid colon, 55 cm long, is a continuation of the previous section of the intestine, and at the level of the 3rd sacral vertebra passes into the next section (rectum). The diameter of the sigmoid colon, compared with the diameter of the other parts of the large intestine, is the smallest about 4 cm;
• The rectum, is the final section of the large intestine, has a length of about 18 cm. It starts from the level of the 3rd sacral vertebra (the end of the sigmoid colon) and ends with the anus.

What is normal intestinal flora?

Microbes that live in the human intestine are vital to the human body. The approximate amount of normal intestinal flora is about 10 14 microbes, which corresponds to 2 kilograms and includes about 500 types of bacteria. The concentration of microbes in different parts of the intestine is not the same: in the duodenum and jejunum there are about 10 5 microorganisms per 1 ml of intestinal contents, in the ileum about 10 7 - 10 8 , in the large intestine about 10 11 microorganisms per 1 g of feces.
Normally, the intestinal flora is represented by 2 groups of bacteria:

• Obligatory bacteria bifidobacteria (make up about 85-95% of the flora), lactobacilli (1-5% of the flora), Escherichia coli (Escherichia), enterococci, peptostreptococci), are always part of the normal flora;
• Facultative bacteria (peptococci, staphylococci, yeast-like fungi, clostridia and others), they are optional and non-permanent representatives. They enter the intestines with insufficiently thermally processed food. This group of bacteria is often present in healthy people without causing any problems, but with a decrease in immunity, they multiply and develop various infectious diseases of the intestine.

Normal composition of bacteria in the intestine

• bifidobacteria - 10 9 - 10 10 CFU / g;
• lactobacilli - 10 7 - 10 8 CFU / g;
• bacteroids - 10 7 - 10 9 CFU / g;
• Escherichia - 10 6 - 10 8 CFU / g;
• peptococci and peptostreptococci - 10 5 - 10 6 CFU / g;
• eubacteria - 10 3 - 10 5 CFU/g;
• staphylococci - 103 CFU/g;
• streptococci - 10 4 - 10 5 CFU / g;
• clostridia - 10 5 - 10 7 CFU / g;
• yeast-like mushrooms - 10 9 - 10 10 CFU / g;
• conditionally pathogenic enterobacteria - 10 3 CFU / g.

Functions of normal intestinal microflora

1. protective function, is to prevent the colonization of foreign microorganisms in the intestine, which can cause various infectious diseases of the intestine. Microbes (bifidobacteria) of the normal intestinal flora produce special substances (lactic and acetic acid) that inhibit the development of foreign microbes. In order for foreign bacteria to gain a foothold on the intestinal mucosa, they need to displace the normal flora, but the latter interfere with this process, since the place is already “occupied”.
2. Stimulation of immunity, due to bifidobacteria, is to stimulate the formation of antibodies and other substances (cytokines, interferons) involved in the development of immunity.
3. Removal of toxins (detoxification function), consists in the absorption of various toxins (phenols, heavy metal compounds, and others), by bifidobacteria of the intestinal flora.
4. digestive function, bacteria of the intestinal flora are involved in the breakdown of proteins, fats, carbohydrates, to amino acids, fatty acids and monosaccharides. They also increase intestinal motility, preventing the development of constipation.
5. synthesizing function, bacteria of the normal intestinal flora are involved in the formation of vitamins (B, K, C), some acids, enzymes.
6. regulatory function, those. flora bacteria, regulate the gas composition of the intestine, water-salt metabolism, cholesterol and others.
7. Anticarcinogenic (anticancer) action, consists in the absorption by bifidobacteria of the precursors of cancer cells.
8. Antiallergic action, occurs with the help of lactobacilli.

Symptoms of intestinal dysbiosis

The 1st degree and most often the 2nd degree of intestinal dysbacteriosis are not clinically manifested.
Symptoms characteristic of the 3rd and 4th degree of intestinal dysbacteriosis:

1. Stool disorder:

• Most often it manifests itself in the form of loose stools (diarrhea), which develops as a result of increased formation of bile acids and increased intestinal motility, inhibiting the absorption of water. Later the stool becomes foul-smelling, tainted with blood or mucus;
• With age-related (in the elderly) dysbacteriosis, constipation most often develops, which is caused by a decrease in intestinal motility (due to a lack of normal flora).

1. Bloating, due to the increased formation of gases in the large intestine. The accumulation of gases develops as a result of impaired absorption and removal of gases by an altered intestinal wall. Swollen intestines can be accompanied by rumbling, and cause unpleasant sensations in the abdominal cavity in the form of pain.
2. Cramping pain associated with an increase in pressure in the intestines, after the discharge of gases or stools, it decreases. With dysbacteriosis of the small intestine, pain occurs around the navel, if the large intestine suffers, the pain is localized in the iliac region (lower abdomen on the right);
3. Dyspeptic disorders: nausea, vomiting, belching, loss of appetite, are the result of impaired digestion;
4. allergic reactions, in the form of skin itching and rashes, develop after eating foods that usually did not cause allergies, is the result of an insufficient anti-allergic effect, disturbed intestinal flora.
5. Symptoms of intoxication: there may be a slight increase in temperature up to 38 0 C, headaches, general fatigue, sleep disturbance, are the result of the accumulation of metabolic products (metabolism) in the body;
6. Symptoms that characterize a lack of vitamins: dry skin, seizures around the mouth, pale skin, stomatitis, changes in hair and nails, and others.

Complications and consequences of intestinal dysbacteriosis

• Chronic enterocolitis, is a chronic inflammation of the small and large intestines, which develops as a result of long-term action of the pathogenic intestinal flora.

• Deficiency of vitamins and microelements in the body, leads to the development of iron deficiency anemia, hypovitaminosis of B vitamins and others. This group of complications develops as a result of impaired digestion and absorption in the intestine.
• Sepsis(blood infection), develops as a result of pathogenic flora from the intestines entering the patient's blood. Most often, such a complication develops when the patient does not seek medical help in time.
• Peritonitis, develops as a result of the aggressive action of pathogenic flora on the intestinal wall, with the destruction of all its layers and the release of intestinal contents into the abdominal cavity.
• Accession of other diseases as a result of reduced immunity.
• Gastroduodenitis, pancreatitis, develop as a result of the spread of pathogenic intestinal flora along the digestive tract.
• Decreased patient weight, develops as a result of impaired digestion.

Diagnosis of intestinal dysbacteriosis

The diagnosis of intestinal dysbacteriosis is made on the basis of the patient's complaints, an objective examination and the results of a microbiological study of feces.

1. With the help of an objective examination, which includes palpation of the abdomen, pain is determined along the course of the small and / or large intestine.
2. Microbiological examination of feces: performed to confirm the diagnosis, intestinal dysbacteriosis.

Indications for microbiological examination of feces:

• Intestinal disorders are long-term, in cases where it is not possible to isolate a pathogenic microorganism;
• Long recovery period after acute intestinal infections;
• The presence of purulent-inflammatory foci that are not amenable to antibiotic therapy;
• Impaired bowel function in individuals undergoing radiotherapy or exposure to radiation;
• Immunodeficiency states (AIDS, cancer and others);
• The lag of the infant in physical development and others.

Rules for taking feces for microbiological research: before taking feces, for 3 days, it is necessary, it is necessary to be on a special diet, which excludes products that increase fermentation in the intestines (alcohol, lactic acid products), as well as any antibacterial drugs. Feces are collected in a special sterile container, equipped with a lid, with a screwed-in spoon. In order to correctly evaluate the results, it is recommended to conduct a study 2-3 times, with an interval of 1-2 days.

Degrees of intestinal dysbacteriosis
There are 4 degrees of intestinal dysbacteriosis:

• 1 degree: characterized by a quantitative change in the ischerichia in the intestine, bifidoflora and lactoflora are not changed, most often they are not clinically manifested;
• Grade 2: quantitative and qualitative changes in ischerichia, i.e. a decrease in the amount of bifidoflora and an increase in opportunistic bacteria (fungi and others), accompanied by local inflammation of the intestines;
• Grade 3: change (decrease) in bifidus and lactoflora and the development of opportunistic flora, accompanied by intestinal dysfunction;
• Grade 4: the absence of bifidoflora, a sharp decrease in lactoflora and the growth of conditionally pathogenic flora, can lead to destructive changes in the intestine, followed by the development of sepsis.

Treatment of intestinal dysbacteriosis

Medical treatment

Treatment of intestinal dysbacteriosis is carried out with the help of drugs that restore the normal flora of the intestine and correct other disorders in the body (with the help of enzymes, sorbents, vitamins). The dosage, duration of treatment and a group of drugs are prescribed by the attending physician, depending on the degree of dysbacteriosis. The dosages of drugs for adults are indicated below, for children the dosage depends on the weight and age of the child.
Groups of drugs used in intestinal dysbacteriosis:

1. Prebiotics- have a bifidogenic property, i.e. contribute to the stimulation and growth and reproduction of microbes that are part of the normal intestinal flora. Representatives of this group include: Khilak-forte, Dufalac. Hilak-forte is prescribed 40-60 drops 3 times a day.
2. Probiotics (eubiotics), these are preparations containing live microorganisms (i.e. bacteria of the normal intestinal flora), they are used to treat dysbacteriosis of 2-4 degrees.

• 1st generation drugs: Bifidumbacterin, Lifepack probiotics. They are liquid concentrates of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, they are not stored for a long time (about 3 months). This group of drugs is unstable under the influence of gastric juice or enzymes of the gastrointestinal tract, which leads to their rapid destruction and insufficient concentration of them, the main disadvantage of 1st generation probiotics. Bifidumbacterin is administered orally, 5 doses of the drug 2-3 times a day, 20 minutes before meals;
• 2nd generation drugs: Baktisubtil, Flonivin, Enterol. They contain spores of bacteria of the normal intestinal flora, which in the patient's intestines secrete enzymes for the digestion of proteins, fats and carbohydrates, stimulate the growth of bacteria of the normal intestinal flora, and also suppress the growth of putrefactive flora. Subtil is prescribed 1 capsule 3 times a day, 1 hour before meals;
• 3rd generation drugs: Bifikol, Lineks. They consist of several types of bacteria of the normal intestinal flora, therefore they are highly effective compared to the previous 2 generations of probiotics. Linex is prescribed 2 capsules 3 times a day;
• 4th generation drugs: Bifidumbacterin forte, Biosorb-Bifidum. This group of drugs is bacteria of the normal intestinal flora in combination with an enterosorbent (with activated charcoal or others). Enterosorbent, necessary to protect microorganisms, when passing through the stomach, it actively protects them from inactivation by gastric juice or enzymes of the gastrointestinal tract. Bifidumbacterin forte is prescribed 5 doses 2-3 times a day, before meals.

1. Symbiotics(Bifidobak, Maltodofilus) , are combined preparations (prebiotic + probiotic), i.e. at the same time stimulate the growth of normal flora and replace the missing amount of microbes in the intestine. Bifidobak is prescribed 1 capsule 3 times a day, with meals.
2. Antibacterial drugs, are used for the 4th degree of intestinal dysbacteriosis, to destroy the pathogenic flora. The most commonly used antibiotics are: groups of tetracyclines (Doxycycline), cephalosporins (Cefuroxime, Ceftriaxone), penicillins (Ampiox), nitroimidazoles: Metronidazole is prescribed 500 mg 3 times a day, after meals.
3. Antifungal drugs(Levorin) , are prescribed if there are yeast-like fungi such as Candida in the feces. Levorin is prescribed for 500 thousand units 2-4 times a day.
4. Enzymes, are prescribed in case of severe digestive disorders. Tablets Mezim 1 tablet 3 times a day, before meals.
5. Sorbents, are prescribed for severe signs of intoxication. Activated charcoal is prescribed 5-7 tablets at a time, for 5 days.
6. Multivitamins: Duovit, 1 tablet 1 time per day.

Diet for intestinal dysbacteriosis

Diet therapy is an important point in the correction of the intestinal flora. In case of intestinal dysbacteriosis, it is first necessary to exclude the use of alcoholic beverages, spicy, fatty foods, smoked meats and foods that enhance fermentation processes in the intestines: sweets (cakes, sweets, and others), homemade pickles, sauerkraut. Secondly, you need to eat fractionally, at least 4 times a day. While eating, try not to drink water, because it dilutes the gastric juice and the food is not digested enough. Exclude from the diet products that increase flatulence (formation of gases) and intestinal motility: legumes (beans, peas, soybeans and others), bran bread, carbonated drinks. It is necessary to increase the amount of protein in the diet due to meat (lean), cooked in boiled or stewed form. Try not to eat fresh bread, dry it a little before eating.

Try to cook all food with herbs (parsley, dill and others), as it enhances the action of normal intestinal flora against pathogenic ones. Foods that enhance the restoration of intestinal microflora include: wheat, rice, buckwheat, oats, fresh vegetables or salads, non-acidic fruits. Indispensable products for restoring normal intestinal microflora are all lactic acid products: kefir, fermented baked milk, curdled milk and others. You can also use special products that are enriched with biocultures: yoghurts, biokefirs and others. Applesauce has excellent prebiotic properties, and it also has an astringent effect and is recommended for diarrhea. Before going to bed, it is recommended to drink a glass of kefir.

Prevention of intestinal dysbacteriosis

In the first place in the prevention of intestinal dysbacteriosis, is the correct use of antibiotics, which are one of the main causes of disruption of the normal flora. Antibiotics should be used strictly according to the indications, after the results of a bacteriological study with an antibiogram. In order to choose the dose of an antibiotic for a particular patient, the attending physician must take into account the age and weight of the patient. In no case should you self-medicate by taking antibiotics for mild illnesses (for example: runny nose). In cases where you have been prescribed long-term antibiotic therapy, it is necessary to take them, in parallel with prebiotics, with periodic monitoring of the state of the intestinal flora (microbiological examination of feces).
In second place in the prevention of intestinal dysbacteriosis is a balanced diet and a rational regimen.

In third place, there are all acute and chronic diseases that lead to intestinal dysbacteriosis, primarily diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Restorative therapy for patients with chronic diseases. Timely treatment of such diseases can reduce the number of patients with intestinal dysbacteriosis.

Persons who are exposed to occupational hazards (radiation) should include fermented milk products in their diet.

Is there intestinal dysbacteriosis in general? Does such a disease exist?

Officially, there is no such diagnosis. Dysbacteriosis is not an independent disease, but always a consequence of any other diseases. By itself, the change in the composition of the intestinal microflora is not the main problem. Usually, as soon as the underlying disease is cured, dysbacteriosis goes away by itself. If the symptoms continue to bother, the person is not cured. In such a situation, it is pointless to continue the fight against dysbiosis - you need to look for the root cause.
Western doctors never give their patients such a diagnosis. In Russian health care, dysbacteriosis is mentioned in a document called "Standards (protocols) for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the digestive system", approved by order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation No. other bowel diseases.
Surely, when you took a blood test, you heard such terms as “increased leukocytosis”, “increased ESR”, “anemia”. Dysbacteriosis is something similar. This is a microbiological concept, one of the manifestations of the disease, but not the disease itself.

How is intestinal dysbacteriosis indicated in the ICD?

International Classification of Diseases(ICD) - a document that lists all possible human diseases, each has its own code. In the ICD, there is no such thing as dysbacteriosis. A doctor who establishes such a diagnosis for a patient finds himself in a difficult situation - after all, he must indicate the code in the medical documentation.
Most often, such doctors use two codes: .
Sometimes dysbacteriosis is a temporary condition, for example, in travelers, especially if they have poor personal hygiene. A “foreign” microflora enters the intestines, which a person does not encounter at home.

Which doctor treats intestinal dysbacteriosis?

Since dysbacteriosis is not an independent disease, it is necessary to look for the initial cause, and then begin treatment with an appropriate specialist.
Most often, diseases that lead to a violation of the composition of the intestinal microflora should be treated by an infectious disease specialist or a gastroenterologist. A general practitioner treats a number of diseases in adults, and a pediatrician in children.

What is the best treatment for intestinal dysbiosis?

Since such a diagnosis does not exist, then “treatment of dysbacteriosis” is a term, in principle, meaningless.
Although, the relevant recommendations still exist - they are spelled out in the standard OST 91500.11.0004-2003. It was put into effect by the Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation of June 9, 2003 N 231. This document proposes to treat dysbacteriosis with the help of prebiotics And eubiotics, antibacterial And antifungal drugs.
But the effectiveness of these drugs in dysbacteriosis has not been proven. In the same OST there is such a phrase: “the degree of persuasiveness of evidence is C”. This means that sufficient evidence is missing. There is no evidence to recommend treatment of dysbacteriosis with these drugs.
Here it is once again appropriate to recall that doctors who work in clinics outside the CIS never make such a diagnosis to their patients, and even more so they do not prescribe treatment against dysbacteriosis.

Is there a link between intestinal dysbacteriosis and thrush?

Thrush, or candidiasis- a disease that causes yeast-like fungi kind Candida.
The infection can develop in any organ. In this regard, candidiasis of the skin and nails, the oral mucosa (just this form is called thrush), intestines, and genital organs are isolated. The most severe form of the disease is generalized candidiasis, or candidal sepsis when the fungus affects the skin, mucous membranes, internal organs.
candida - fungus conditionally pathogenic. They are not always able to cause infection, but only under certain conditions. One of these conditions is a decrease in immunity. Thrush may well be combined with intestinal damage, which leads to dysbacteriosis. In fact, there is a connection between these two states.
In this case, the same reasons lead to the development of thrush and intestinal dysbacteriosis - a decrease in immunity and a fungal infection. They need to be treated.

Is it possible to use folk remedies for the treatment of intestinal dysbacteriosis?

Traditional medicine, if proven remedies are used correctly, can improve the condition and alleviate the symptoms of the disease. But it can only be used as an addition to the main treatment prescribed by the doctor.
Due to the fact that the topic is inflated and very popular, "remedies against dysbacteriosis" are offered by all kinds of traditional healers, healers, manufacturers of dietary supplements, MLM companies. Food producers did not stand aside either.
As already mentioned above, dysbacteriosis as a disease does not exist, it does not have its own specific symptoms, and it cannot be cured without eliminating the root cause. Therefore, first of all, you need to visit a doctor, undergo an examination, establish the correct diagnosis and begin treatment.

What can an analysis for dysbacteriosis show?

The majority of reputable doctors and scientists deeply doubt the information content of the microbiological analysis of feces for dysbacteriosis. There are certain reasons for this:

• The concept of "normal microflora" is very vague. Nobody knows the exact rules. Therefore, if you force any healthy person to take an analysis, many will have dysbacteriosis "revealed".
• The content of bacteria in feces is different from their content in the intestines.
• While the stool is delivered to the laboratory, the composition of the bacteria that are present in it may change. Especially if it is incorrectly assembled into a non-sterile container.
• The composition of the microflora in the human intestine can vary depending on different conditions. Even if you take the analysis at different times from the same healthy person, the results can vary greatly.