The norm of tolerant hemoglobin in pregnant women. Hemoglobin during pregnancy: norms and deviations. The norm of hemoglobin in pregnant women

Hemoglobin is a protein that contains iron and is a component of red blood (erythrocytes). It has the important function of transporting oxygen to the tissues of the body and removing carbon dioxide. in the blood of pregnant women: 110-140 g / l.

Normal values

In the table you can see visual indicators for each trimester:

By the second trimester, after 19 weeks, the total volume of blood in the body begins to increase, as a new one is added - the placental circle. The blood thins, red blood cells decrease, which accordingly affects the amount of hemoglobin in a pregnant woman. This is a normal state for the body. But, if in the early stages or it becomes less than the established norms, it makes sense to talk about anemia.

When passing to determine the norm of hemoglobin in the blood, by pricking a finger, the level of hemoglobin is also determined.

The basic rules for donating blood have long been known to everyone: in the morning, however, you can take an analysis in case of emergency at any time of the day, no earlier than 60 minutes after eating.

The day before the analysis, it is advisable not to eat fried foods with a high fat content and not to drink alcoholic beverages. Smoking was banned at least one hour before the test. Physical and great mental stress are not desirable on this day before blood donation.

The laboratory assistant should be warned if drugs are taken that may incorrectly affect the results. Well, it's best to always take tests in one place.

Low level

During pregnancy, this is a pathology in which the level of red blood cells decreases below 110 g / l.

There are the following stages of severity of anemia:

Anemia during childbearing may occur due to the following factors:

• Lack of nutrition and / or low content of essential vitamins and minerals;
• Frequent exposure to aggressive substances on the body of a pregnant woman (for example, poor environmental conditions at the place of residence, harmful production);
• Chronic,;
• Problems with the endocrine, urinary and other body systems;
• Autoimmune systemic diseases;
• Pregnancy with several fetuses at once;
• Several pregnancies in a row.

Symptoms and Diagnosis

Specialists during pregnancy distinguish the following symptoms of low hemoglobin:

• weakness, lethargy, pallor of the skin, problems with the condition of hair and nails, perversion of taste sensations and smells, cracks in the corners of the mouth, malfunctions of the cardiovascular system, gastritis.

Diagnosis of anemia in pregnant women can be based on a clinical blood test that shows:

• less than 3.6 *1012/l;
• Decrease in hemoglobin below 109 g/l;
• Change of color of erythrocytes to pink;
• below 0.8;
• Hemoglobin in erythrocytes is less than 25 pkg;
• Serum ferritin less than 10 ng/ml;
• Change in size and shape of red cells;
• Increase in the number of reticulocytes.

How to increase hemoglobin

In order to reach the norm, it is necessary to follow a special diet and take iron supplements. Nutrition for a pregnant woman should be complete with a maximum content of vitamins, with the consumption of red meat, offal, seafood, dairy and sour-milk dishes, eat fresh fruits and vegetables, while limiting the fat content of food to 80 g per day.

Most iron contains pork and beef liver, heart, beef meat, turkey, eggs, apricots, nuts, herbs, cocoa and more.

Treatment methods for low hemoglobin

To cure a pregnant woman and not only, it is necessary to take iron supplements for at least 7 weeks. Additionally, it is necessary to take ascorbic and folic acids for better absorption of the main drug.

Only a doctor should prescribe drugs and control the condition, you should not self-medicate.

Anemia of the body can lead to complications during pregnancy and childbirth: miscarriage, fetal hypoxia, fetal growth retardation, placental insufficiency, placenta previa and abruption, preeclampsia, weak or absent labor activity, bleeding, lack of milk.

high hemoglobin

In addition to a lack of hemoglobin, its excess can also be dangerous. The indicator can be high during pregnancy in the following cases: heredity, residence in the mountains, excessive physical activity, tobacco addiction, lack of folic acid, heart disease, blood vessels and kidneys, dehydration in toxicosis, diabetes, intestinal obstruction, oncology.

Symptoms of manifestation

Symptoms are similar to those of anemia:

• lethargy, drowsiness, fatigue. A blood test will show this condition. In addition to it, to clarify the reasons, a urine test, blood biochemistry, and examination by narrow specialists are prescribed.

Problems that high hemoglobin causes: spontaneous abortion, miscarriage, fetal growth retardation, hypoxia, intrauterine death, the risk of blood clots in the mother. Condensed, viscous blood complicates the flow of oxygen and nutrients to the fetus.

Prevention measures

Preventive measures will be regular blood donation, smoking cessation, examination before pregnancy during the planning period, and treatment of chronic diseases.

Waiting time for a baby is associated with joyful and wonderful sensations. But sometimes the expectant mother has ailments. Sometimes it's hard to avoid them. The reason for them may be a change in the level of hemoglobin. It usually goes down. However, there is nothing surprising or terrible in this. It is only necessary to react in time to the problem that has arisen.
Hemoglobin is a special type of protein. In the body, it is responsible for transporting blood through numerous vessels. A decrease in this protein is called anemia. People often say anemia. How to find out that hemoglobin has fallen? Through analysis. It will show the level of red blood cells. They are the carrier of this type of protein.

Hemoglobin norm

It is very good when a blood test showed 120-160 gr. erythrocytes per liter of blood. This indicator occurs in healthy women. However, normally it should not be lower than 110 g / l. But, if the number of red blood cells has decreased, then we are talking about anemia.

Therefore, all expectant mothers are strongly advised not to miss the days of visiting the gynecologist and to undergo all prescribed tests on time. Today, medicine is able to cope with any stage of the disease. However, it is still desirable to fix the problem at the very beginning. And not lead to serious consequences. Remember that any of your disorders are transmitted to the baby.

Hemoglobin in pregnant women norm 2 trimester

Usually by the 2nd trimester, hemoglobin decreases. This is normal 108-144 g/l. But if the decrease is significant, it is urgent to solve the problem. But not self-medication! Drugs should be taken only as directed by a gynecologist!

Hemoglobin in pregnant women norm 3 trimester

During this period, the hemoglobin level is considered normal at around from 100 to 140 g/l. Note that during pregnancy, a decrease in hemoglobin can be natural. And it's not a disease. This is a consequence of a change in the balance of salt and water in the body. It also increases the volume of circulating blood.
In order to cope with the increasing stresses and ongoing daily changes, the female body must adapt to new conditions. This is done by thinning the blood and relaxing the blood vessels. So, by the seventh month of pregnancy, the amount of the liquid component in the blood increases with a parallel decrease in red blood cells. As a result, there is a decrease in hemoglobin levels.

Low hemoglobin

With low hemoglobin, there are a lot of symptoms. The pregnant woman suffers from weakness, malaise and dizziness. Sometimes shortness of breath appears, the pulse quickens. Taste and smell may also be distorted, dry mouth and tongue tingling may appear.

Externally, anemia also manifests itself. These are dry, weakened hair, pale and flaky skin, chapped lips. Nails become brittle and break. A woman may experience burning or itching in the perineum.
With a significant decrease in hemoglobin, fainting and frequent dizziness are not uncommon. The expectant mother constantly has a headache, she is inattentive and gets tired quickly.

Low hemoglobin leads to malfunctions of the immune system. What does it threaten? Complications of any disease. A common cold can lead to pneumonia.
It is worth noting that reduced hemoglobin is an almost common occurrence for many pregnant women. A significant deviation from the norm causes hypotension of the uterus, hypoxia, improper presentation of the placenta and fetal death.

Anemia during pregnancy symptoms

Anemia is considered to be a decrease in the amount of hemoglobin. This is one of the most common pregnancy complications. The main symptom of this disease is hemoglobin less than 110 g/l. In expectant mothers, anemia is predominantly iron deficiency. In other words, hemoglobin production is disrupted due to developing iron deficiency.

There can be many reasons for this. These are problems with the absorption of iron in the intestines, vomiting during toxicosis, waiting for two or three babies at once. The risk of anemia is higher when a woman suffers from chronic diseases such as hepatitis.

Severity

• with mild: analysis shows hemoglobin 110-90 g / l;
• average degree, hemoglobin no more than 90-70 g/l;
• if hemoglobin drops below 70 g / l, a severe form develops.

Mild anemia during pregnancy

Anemia or anemia of the 1st degree often does not manifest itself outwardly. A young mother does not suspect anything until she receives her first referral for a blood test. She does not feel weakness, headaches and other symptoms. However, all this time her baby already feels this ailment. There is some hypoxia. Treat this form of the disease at home. In the inpatient department is sent for moderate and severe forms of the disease.

What is dangerous

Anemia provokes the development of various complications. And this is the main problem. With anemia, the risk of miscarriage and premature birth increases. Even when the pregnancy ends well, the identified violation can affect the health of the newborn. Often, children whose mothers, while pregnant, suffered from this disease, also have a lack of iron in the body.

What is the danger of low hemoglobin during pregnancy for a child

It must be said that complications from the fetus are recorded very often. This is especially aggravated by the fact that my mother suffered from anemia even before conception and did not cure it.

In early pregnancy, low hemoglobin can lead to improper placement of the placenta. With anemia, there is an underdevelopment of this organ, a low location or a central overlap of the uterine os. This can cause miscarriage, oxygen starvation, bleeding and delays in the development of the embryo.

The baby may be born with a low birth weight. Often there is underdevelopment and pathology of the respiratory and nervous systems. Subsequently, this may be characterized by deviations in mental and physical development, atrophy of muscles and entire organs.

How to raise hemoglobin during pregnancy

We emphasize right away that "grandmother's" methods can help only when hemoglobin is not very low. And before the onset of pregnancy, this indicator did not deviate from the norm. Otherwise, medical treatment is indicated.

Products that increase hemoglobin

• pomegranate juice and pomegranates;
• red, and especially green apples;
• walnuts;
• liver;
• veal, beef and offal;
• buckwheat grain;
• dried apricots;
• oat groats;
• quail eggs;
• white and dark beans;
• cottage cheese;
• cocoa;
• seaweed.

We add that you need to adjust your diet together with the observing doctor! Eat for health! And don't forget to get outside as much as possible!

Hemoglobin during pregnancy plays an important role, so its norm, especially if the 2nd trimester comes, must be observed. Otherwise, the lack of protein will result in unpleasant consequences for both the expectant mother and the unborn baby. In the presence of anemia, a woman will need to be tested monthly, as well as follow medical recommendations to normalize the situation. If you allow a strong decrease in performance, there is a threat of premature birth.

Protein value

In women who are carrying a child, a decrease in hemoglobin concentration is often observed. Since the substance is involved in the transport of oxygen, due to its lack, the baby may suffer from oxygen starvation.

Hemoglobin is a complex protein that is part of red blood cells - erythrocytes. And he is responsible for ensuring that organs and tissues receive the oxygen they need on time, while at the same time taking carbon dioxide out of them. The constituent component of hemoglobin is iron, which is why red blood cells are red.

In pregnant women, the protein level is slightly different than in other women. Moreover, for each trimester there is a set value, the deviation from which is considered evidence of disorders in the body.

The hemoglobin level should be:

• in the first trimester - from 112 to 160 g / l;
• in the second - 108-144 g / l;
• in the third - from 100 to 140 g / l.

Throughout the entire period of pregnancy, women donate blood for hemoglobin three times, but only in the absence of anemia. If the protein concentration is low, then you will need to check the indicators every month.

Problems with hemoglobin provoke a disorder of material metabolism and malfunctions of organs.

Decrease in indicators in the second trimester

If we analyze the condition of an ordinary person, then a low content of iron-containing protein indicates various ailments and a lack of vitamins, which is strongly felt during the onset of the spring period and with the wrong diet. In expectant mothers, the level of this substance is unstable. There is a constant need for vitamins and other useful elements.

The second trimester is a time when iron is required much more than before.

The increased consumption of hemoglobin is due to the fact that:

• fetal tissues are created;
• there is an active formation of the hematopoietic system;
• the placenta is formed.

From about the 20th week, there is an increase in blood volume, as the placental circulation develops. The consistency of the blood changes, it liquefies. The content of erythrocytes is reduced. Thus, hemoglobin becomes less.

However, such a phenomenon is considered physiological, that is, it is a completely normal process. You should be concerned if a decrease in protein levels is detected much earlier or if its decrease is too strong. In this case, anemia is diagnosed.

Anemia in pregnant women can be caused by:

1. Poor nutrition, in which too little iron, as well as other elements, comes from food.
2. Exposure to toxic substances.
3. Endocrine diseases.
4. Diseases of the urinary system.
5. Autoimmune disorders.
6. Multiple pregnancy.
7. Blood loss.
8. Frequent childbirth.

Typical symptoms of low protein

An acceptable decrease may not be accompanied by any signs. The process itself takes place gradually. And even when anemia is present, the expectant mother may ignore the symptoms, mistaking them for normal pregnancy symptoms.

About iron deficiency, in particular, in the second trimester, you can find out by:

• weaknesses;
• increased fatigue;
• dizziness and tinnitus;
• shortness of breath

• fragility of nail plates and hair;
• pale skin color and its dryness;
• perverted taste preferences (I want to eat, for example, chalk or sand);
• the appearance of cravings for the smell of acetone, paint or gasoline.

It is good if anemia is detected at the initial stage, especially since the disease is characterized by slow development. Due to untimely treatment, the disease progresses, which will certainly affect the condition of the fetus.

Consequences of anemia during pregnancy

Anemia can result in:

1. early toxicosis.
2. An increased risk of preeclampsia in the second half of the term, as evidenced by an increase in pressure, swelling and protein in the urine.
3. The threat of premature labor.
4. miscarriage.
5. Insufficiency of the function of the placenta.
6. Postpartum infectious complications.
7. Decrease in the amount of milk in the mother.

When the work of the placenta is disrupted, oxygen and nutrition are not supplied to the baby in the right amount.

In children who lacked iron in the womb, after birth, it is noted:

• underweight;
• viral lesions;
• speech problems;
• decreased physical activity;
• psychological disorders;
• poor academic performance.

The danger of high hemoglobin

It is impossible to allow the iron-containing protein not only not to fall below the established levels, but also to increase too much in quantity. With an increased value of the substance, symptoms can be observed that resemble anemic manifestations. We are talking about weakness, drowsiness, fatigue.

The coefficient increases due to:

1. Heredity.
2. Living in highlands.
3. Increase in physical activity.
4. smoking.
5. Folic acid deficiency.
6. Pathologies of the urinary and cardiovascular systems.
7. dehydration.
8. Diabetes.
9. Excessive concentration of B vitamins.
10. Problems with intestinal permeability.
11. The presence of neoplasms.

Both low and high rates are fraught with serious complications.

In particular, you should be prepared for:

• termination of pregnancy;
• fading of the fetus;
• intrauterine growth retardation;
• chronic hypoxia;
• fetal death before birth;
• maternal thrombosis.

Such effects are explained by an increase in blood viscosity, which leads to problems with the transport of oxygen.

It is not difficult to determine the deviation from the norm. The main thing is to take timely measures to eliminate the violation.

Every woman who is preparing for the birth of a child should monitor the concentration of hemoglobin. It is especially necessary to control the indicators in the second trimester so that nothing can interfere with the normal formation of the fetus.

Hemoglobin is an iron-containing protein. This is the main component of erythrocytes, the main function of which is the transport of oxygen to tissue cells.

From the very beginning of pregnancy, the total mass of blood in a woman increases in order to maintain microcirculation in the vital organs and in the placenta. Therefore, the level of hemoglobin during this period decreases.

The norm of hemoglobin in pregnant women in different trimesters

What hemoglobin should a pregnant woman have? The norm of hemoglobin in women during pregnancy:

• 1 trimester - 112-160 g / l;
• 2nd trimester - 108-144 g / l;
• 3rd trimester - 100-140 g / l.

The hemoglobin level becomes as low as possible at 32-34 weeks. True iron deficiency anemia manifests itself at a gestational age of more than 20 weeks. A drop in hemoglobin by the end of pregnancy is normal and does not require special treatment. Before delivery, hemoglobin levels may rise on their own.

Signs of anemia are changes in blood counts, in which:

• The hemoglobin level falls below 100 g/l;
• Hemocrit number less than 0.3;
• The number of erythrocytes is 3.6 * 10/12 l;
• The content of iron in the blood serum is less than 10.7 mmol / liter.

There are 3 types of iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women:

• 110-90 g / l with mild iron deficiency anemia;
• 90-70 g / l with moderate anemia;
• Less than 70 g / l with severe anemia.

You can read about the low level of hemoglobin in a newborn.

The reason for the decrease in hemoglobin levels in pregnant women

The main reasons for lowering the hemoglobin rate during pregnancy:

The manifestation of violations of the norm

With a low level of hemoglobin in pregnant women, gas exchange between the body of the fetus and mother is disturbed, as a result of which intrauterine hypoxia develops, and in severe cases, fetal death.

Symptoms of low hemoglobin during pregnancy are:

Prevention of deviations

The main prevention of lowering hemoglobin levels during pregnancy is proper nutrition. The most promising method is the enrichment of food products with iron, high-grade proteins and vitamins.

In the menu of a pregnant woman, up to 70% of proteins should be of animal origin (meat, fish, eggs, dairy products), they contribute to the absorption of iron, unlike proteins from plant foods.

Foods rich in amino acids and iron are introduced into the diet of a pregnant woman:

30% of the fats included in the diet should be of plant origin. Fats not only improve taste, but also give a feeling of satiety. However, this should not be abused, since an excess amount of fatty foods can lead to obesity, loss of appetite and lower the body's resistance to infections.

Pregnant women with anemia are deficient in B vitamins and vitamin C, so it is necessary to take them additionally.

Particular attention should be paid to the culinary processing of food products, especially fruits and vegetables, since biologically active substances are destroyed during heat treatment. In order to preserve them, vegetables or fruits must be placed in boiling water, covered with a lid and cooked only until tender, without overcooking. To do this, use enamelware.

Dishes from raw fruits and vegetables are prepared immediately before consumption. Also, dishes are not recommended to be stored for a long time, since when heated, the amount of useful substances in them decreases. You need to eat up to 6 times a day in small portions.

With a low level of hemoglobin, you should seek the advice of a doctor. In this case, he may prescribe iron-containing drugs that increase the percentage of iron. Significant results from taking such drugs are noticeable 3 weeks after the start of the course.

Also, during pregnancy, leukocytes may increase, more details -.