Account 99.09 other profits and losses. When is the accounting entry D99 - K09. Write-off of expenses on expense accounts

Greetings! Today we will look at the process of "closing the month" in a real company providing services. We will see how our accounting theory works in practice. At the same time once again learn to "look into the turnovers."

According to the basics of accounting theory and our new knowledge, let's try to predict what we should see after the “closing of the month”. For clarity, we will take as a basis the Turnover Balance Sheet (OSV) of our enterprise. Here is an example of OSV.

Isn't that what we expect to see?

• 26 account should be at the end of the month without a balance.
  those. BalanceClosingDebit(SKD) = 0
• Without a balance, there must be 90 and 91 accounts
• In Turnovers for the period, 99 accounts should have some amounts

Let's see how our "turnover" has changed.

I will comment a little.

Look, the 26th account “closed” at the end of the month - it became 0. This is good. Here is the boo wiring showing how it happened.

As you can see, the expense accounts "transfer" their accumulated amounts from their Credit to Debit to the account for recording the financial result. Remember the financial result formula? What accounts are involved?

So, in Debit 90 and 91 accounts, the expenses of our company for the current month are collected.

Account transactions 99

Now we can calculate the financial result for each of them. The calculation of the financial result is some kind of action on 90, 91 accounts. As you remember, 90 and 91 accounts after summing up the financial result should be equal to 0. And the final result of financial activity will be on account 99.

Zero balances for 90 and 91 accounts must be in the whole account. Sub-accounts of these accounts will have balances until December 31, before the procedure - balance reformation. But more on that later.

This is how the situation for 90, 91 and 99 accounts looks like in our SALT. This situation occurs after the "transfer" of expenses to account 90, BUT before closing 90, 91.

Look, I've highlighted the key accounts from the entire SWS to show the "closing of the month" intermediate stage. We see that the 26th account was closed: the balances on it are equal to zero. And, in our case, the amount of the 26th account was displayed in the Debit of the 90th account.

In our example, the firm has only 26 accounts. If there were 44 accounts, it would also be closed and the amount from it would be transferred to the Debit of 90 accounts.

Thus, Debit 90 of the account collects amounts from the company's expense accounts, plus accumulates the cost of goods sold, products. The cost price, as you understand, is available for manufacturing and trading firms. We have only accumulated expenses from account 26.

Now we see that on accounts 90 and 91 different amounts were formed for the Debit turnover (DO) and Credit turnover (KO). It turns out that for each of these accounts, there is a closing balance: 1705778.54 and 11374.53. Now for us there is not much difference where this balance is - in Debit or Credit. We only care about one thing:

Closing 90 and 91 accounts involves such actions so that the balance turns to zero. Those. we must make such entries for each account in correspondence with 99 so that our numbers - 1705778.54 and 11374.53 - go away. Those. the remainder would be zero. This is the rule for closing 90 and 91 accounts in general - for them the balance must be equal to zero.

And in order for the balances to become zero, we must transfer the existing differences between TO and KO (these are the final balances) by posting to account 99. In other words,
- for account 90 we will "add" 1705778.54 to Debit.
- for 91 accounts we will "add" to Credit 11374.53

The next report shows how we “add the necessary numbers” through postings, thereby closing accounts 90 and 91. The closure of these accounts will be correct if after - the balances on them at the end of the period (month) become 0.

As you can see, the closing of accounts 90 and 91 goes through their internal sub-accounts 90.9 and 91.9 in correspondence with account 99. Where 90.9 (91.9) will stand in the Debit or Credit of the transaction depends on where there are not enough amounts so that the account at the end of the period gives 0.

Conclusion
Now we have considered the most-most-most simple option, what the “turnover” and the principle of “closing the month” look like for companies providing services.

For trading organizations, SALT looks a little different. For example, we will see 41 and 44 accounts. For production - there will be 20, 25, 40, 43, 44.

All enterprises can have 76 and 73 accounts. In addition, many enterprises have 01 accounts with their subsidiary accounts 02 and 08 accounts.

All this diversity is not as difficult as it seems at first glance. Whatever accounting accounts you have to deal with in accounting, everything will come to the “turnover”, where it will be necessary to take the amounts from all accounting accounts of Expenses and “move” them to accounts 90 and 91. Then, from accounts 90 and 91, move the resulting balances to account 99. And so every month until December. In December, at the "closing of the month" there will be another operation called "balance sheet reformation".

For the “closing of the month” process, there are a few more basic knowledge that affect the rules for transferring amounts to account 90. We consider all this in practical classes and learn how to solve such accounting situations from an event to the close of the month.

Addition
The article raised questions, which was to be expected. Accounting is not a difficult subject, but all its numbers, rules make it difficult, confusing and confusing. The very first questions showed that more explanations should be given to this article. The following article answers two important questions:
- should more details be given in the OSV
- in OSV on account 26 different amounts - is this a mistake in the article?

BP 2.0 Experts in accounting, please tell me what should be the transactions for closing account 99, balance reformation, judging by the turnover: http://s019.radikal.ru/i633/1312/27/6823dd89e531.jpg

P.S. Standard situation: a "dying" enterprise, the closing of the year was told to be done by another accountant, whose closing was always "made by the 1C program itself." And in this case, the whole year the closing of the months was done by manual postings by another chief accountant. Accordingly, now at the close of the month - December (balance reformation), nothing is closed automatically. There is no point in setting it up now. The accountant only knows that everything should go to account 84. And what intermediate entries should be, he finds it difficult to say. So everything flowed smoothly to me. Therefore, I ask you not to discuss the accountant, but to help with the postings.

If it is difficult, that is, auditors or PBU

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Accounting entries at the closing of the financial year for legal entities are compiled in the following sequence:

1. Closing of accounts for cost accounting (including indirect costs).
2. Closing 90 accounts, calculating the company's profit.
3. Reformation of the balance sheet: closing the main accounts for accounting for the income and expenses of the company, analyzing the financial condition of the enterprise, the efficiency of entrepreneurial activity, obtaining an indicator of the net profit or net loss of the organization.

The closing of the year is a summary of the financial results of the organization's activities as of December 31 of the reporting year.

Before closing, it is necessary to double-check all the basic data and carry out mandatory routine operations:

1. Verify mutual settlements with counterparties, analyze the documentation carried out in accounting, restore the sequence of displaying business activities (analysis of accounts 50, 51, 60, 62, 76, etc.).
2. Calculate salaries to employees, taxes and insurance premiums at the end of the year (sch. 70, 68, 69).
3. Analyze the balance of goods and inventories (accounts 41, 10, 43). Take inventory of the warehouse and adjust the data if necessary.
4. Calculate depreciation on fixed assets, conduct a revaluation (acc.
5. Check the costs incurred (monitoring of accounts 20, 29, 25, 26, 44, etc.).
6. Calculate all received income and expenses of the company (balances from accounts 90 and 91 are written off to account

   Account 99 "Profit and loss". Accounting for financial results. postings

Should be borne in mind! According to the legislation of the Russian Federation, the submission of financial statements to the tax authorities is carried out before March 31 of the year following the reporting one. However, all verification activities before the close of the year should be carried out gradually throughout the 4th quarter.

After the preparatory procedures are completed, the year is closed - the balance sheet is reformed, in which the net profit or net loss of the company is revealed.

Key accounting entries at the end of the year

Sales analysis

To summarize the results of the activities of organizations for ordinary activities, it is necessary to analyze the sub-accounts of account 90:

• 90.1: This sub-account displays all the receipts received by the company for the goods sold. Sub-account balance - revenue received for the period:

  Dt50.51 Kt90.01 - payment received;

  Dt62 Kt90.01 - sales revenue is reflected;

• 90.02: cost of goods sold on sale:

  Dt90.02 Kt41 - write-off of the book value of goods;

  Dt90.02 Kt20 - cost of work performed;

• 90.03: displays VAT accrued payable to regulatory authorities:

Sub-account data are compared monthly, and the balance is transferred to sub-account 90.09, which displays the calculated financial results: Dt - loss; Kt - profit.

At the close of the period, the balances of 90.09 fall into the debit of account 99 with the profit received for ordinary types of business activities and on credit account. 99 for unprofitable work.

Analysis of non-operating activities

For operations not related to the normal business activities of the organization, the analysis is carried out on the basis of monitoring sub-accounts of 91 accounts:

• 91.01: sub-account is intended for information about other income of the company. These may include: exchange differences, excess inventories as a result of inventory, income from loans provided to counterparties, etc.:

  Dt50.51 Kt91.01 - income received from the sale of own equipment;

  Dt73 Kt91.01 - income from loans granted in the form of interest paid;

• 91.02: information is collected here on all non-operating costs: bank commissions, shortages of goods, tax fines and penalties, etc.:

  Dt91.02 Kt66.67 - payment of interest for the use of borrowed funds;

  Dt91.02 Kt01 - decrease in the cost of equipment based on the results of revaluation.

Sub-account data are compared monthly, and the balance is transferred to sub-account 91.09, which displays the calculated financial results: Dt - loss; Kt - profit.

At the close of the period, the balances of 90.09 fall into the credit of 99 accounts with the profit received for ordinary types of entrepreneurial activity and into the debit of the account. 99 for unprofitable work.

balance reformation

After the closing of all main accounts in accordance with the rules of accounting and analysis of all collected information, the balance sheet is reformed - the overall financial result is identified and attributed to the account. 84 for further distribution. The reformation carried out can tell about the effectiveness of the organization's use of labor and material resources:

1. Dt99 Kt84 - display of undistributed profit during the year;
2. Dt84 Kt99 - information on uncovered losses.

Decisions on the distribution of profits or ways to cover losses are made at the general meeting of owners after the approval of the annual financial statements.

A practical example of compiling postings at the end of the year

Kolosok Limited Liability Company sells office chairs purchased from suppliers for 3,000 rubles (including VAT 18% - 457.62). During the year, the purchase price did not change, so the selling price remained constant: 5,000 rubles (including 18% VAT - 762.71). During the year, all goods were sold (40 units).

In addition, the company pays for bank services, which amounted to 890 rubles.

Accounting entries for business transactions:

• Dt41 Kt60: 101,694.20 rubles - posting office furniture to the warehouse for further sale;
• Dt19.03 Kt60: RUB 18,305.80 - VAT from the supplier;
• Dt51 Kt90.01: 200,000 rubles - proceeds from the sale of seats;
• Dt91.02 Kt41: RUB 101,694.20 - write-off of the prime cost of chairs (the prime cost of Kolosok LLC includes only the purchase price of suppliers);
• Dt90.03 Kt68.02: 30,508.47 rubles. - calculation of VAT payable to the tax authorities;
• Dt91.02 Kt51: 890 rubles. - bank commissions.

Results for the 90th account at the end of the month:

Dt: RUB 101,694.20 + RUB 30,508.47 = 132,202.67 rubles.

CT: 200 000 rub.

Final balance: 67,797.33 rubles - profit from the sale.

Results for 91 accounts at the end of the month:

Dt91.09 Kt91.02: 890 rub. - loss.

Closing of the year:

Dt90.09 Kt99: 67,797.33 rubles. - profit from ordinary types of entrepreneurial activity is displayed.

Dt91.09 Kt99: 890 rub. - loss from non-operating activities.

According to the results of the reporting year, Kolosok LLC received profit, which will be included in retained earnings:

Dt84 Kt99: 66,907.33 rubles. - determination of the financial results of the company's economic life at the end of the year, as of December 31.

Questions and answers on the topic

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What is balance reform?

Publication date

balance reformation is a procedure that is carried out annually, especially in large companies and corporations, by decision of the board of directors. Its purpose is to establish the final financial result for the past year. This is done on the basis of a comparison of indicators of received revenue and profit and data on the use of funds.

balance reformation is a process that can be carried out only if there is an appropriate permission or order of an authorized person. As a rule, the board of directors, convened annually, approves a representative by general voting, or investors resolve issues directly at the meeting.

Balance reformation: postings

So, first of all, you should familiarize yourself with the accounting entries compiled by the enterprise specialist. Of particular interest is account 80 called “Profit and Loss”, since it contains amounts that reflect the receipt of funds and their direction for certain needs. Accordingly, on the credit side, there is a loss of financial resources, and on the debit side, their inflow in the context of sources. It becomes clear that the position of the company at the reporting date largely depends on the balance of this account.

After the decision was made that balance reformation should be carried out, the accountant, based on the wishes and requirements of the management team, distributes profits. Most of it is intended for owners, it is divided into shares in proportion to the amounts of investors' deposits. If, as a result of this operation, a surplus has formed, then it is attributed to a special account 88, which has been given the speaking name “Retained earnings of past years”. Further, this amount is partially sent to reserve accounts to cover unforeseen expenses.

At present, not all enterprises believe that balance reformation is an important and necessary element in accounting practice. However, this procedure really helps the management team to visually show investors and owners how much money they receive from the operation of the company and where other resources are allocated. In this regard, it can be concluded that reformation serves as a fairly effective mechanism that does not lose its relevance at all times.

This area also has its drawbacks and difficulties.

The procedure itself is not a super-complex scheme that requires an investment of time and effort. Often problems arise due to illiterate bookkeeping. Often the "stumbling block" is the mistakes made at the time of closing accounts and summing up.

Closing 99 accounts

In order to avoid such significant errors, companies should pay special attention to the audit of financial documents. High-quality and timely verification will increase not only the productivity of work, but also the degree of confidence on the part of the verification services.

The annual financial statements need to be finalized first, then balance reformation, in the process of which the profit of the previous reporting period is written off and other accounts are closed. The unallocated balance will go to cover the losses of previous years. The economic meaning of this procedure is a slight improvement in the balance sheet. In the future, it will be easier to work with such a document, since all the necessary postings have been made, and the accounts have been closed.

A legal entity has the right to independently choose a specific method of reformation, having previously noted the method in the documents. In addition, this process requires no less accuracy and literacy from a specialist, since third-party audit organizations also carefully check the formatted balance sheet.

balance reformation

When compiling annual financial statements, it is necessary to reform the balance sheet in order to start accounting "from a new page" in the new year. First of all, it is necessary to close accounts 90 "Sales", 91 "Other income and expenses" and 99 "Profit and losses". As a rule, balance sheet reform entries are dated December 31st.

Closing account 90 "Sales"

During the year, account 90 collects data on the organization's income and expenses for ordinary activities. To account 90 "Sales" various sub-accounts are opened. To account for sales proceeds, a subaccount 90-1 "Sales proceeds" is opened. The cost of sold products (goods, works, services) is reflected in sub-account 90-2 "Cost of sales". The amount of value added tax included in the price of sold products (goods, works, services) is taken into account on subaccount 90-3 "Value Added Tax", and the amount of excise tax provided for in the price of products sold is taken into account on subaccount 90-4 " excises". If the organization pays export duties, then additionally you need to use subaccount 90-5 "Export duties". Firms can use other sub-accounts, for example, 90-6 "Sales tax", 90-7 "Sales expenses", 90-8 "Administrative expenses".

To reflect the financial result from ordinary activities, subaccount 90-9 "Profit / loss from sales" is used.

Attention! At the end of each month, the accountant compares the amount of debit turnover on subaccounts 90-2 - 90-8 with the credit turnover on subaccount 90-1.

Debit 99 account

The revealed result represents the profit or loss from sales for the month. This amount is written off at the end of the reporting month to account 99 "Profit and Loss". If a profit is received from sales, a posting is made:

Debit 90-9 Credit 99

If a loss is received, an entry is made:

Debit 99 Credit 90-9

It turns out that at the end of each month there is no balance on the synthetic account 90 "Sales". However, all sub-accounts of this account have debit or credit balances that accumulate. You cannot write off these balances during the year.

On the last day of December of the reporting year, after writing off the financial result for December, all subaccounts must be closed inside account 90 "Sales". At the same time, the balances on them are transferred to subaccount 90-9:

Debit 90-9 Credit 90-2 (90-3, 90-4, 90-5, 90-6, 90-7, 90-8)

• the balance of sub-accounts of account 90 was written off;

Debit 90-1 Credit 90-9

• written off the balance of the sub-account "Revenue".

As a result of these entries, as of January 1 of the new reporting year, the sub-account of account 90 "Sales" does not have a balance.

Example. At the end of 2002, the accounting records of the production enterprise Vasilek LLC included a balance on the loan of sub-account 90-1 in the amount of 630,000 rubles. And the debit balances on account 90 "Sales" were as follows:

subaccount 90-2 - 345,000 rubles;

subaccount 90-3 - 100,000 rubles;

subaccount 90-6 - 30,000 rubles;

subaccount 90-7 - 80,000 rubles;

subaccount 90-9 - 75,000 rubles.

Reforming the balance sheet, the accountant of Vasilek LLC will make the following entries:

Debit 90-1 Credit 90-9

• RUB 630,000 - written off the balance of the sub-account "Revenue";

Debit 90-9 Credit 90-2

• 345 000 rub. - written off the balance of the sub-account "Cost of sales";

Debit 90-9 Credit 90-3

• 100 000 rub. — written off the balance of the sub-account "Value Added Tax";

Debit 90-9 Credit 90-6

• 30 000 rub. — written off the balance of the sub-account "Sales tax";

Debit 90-9 Credit 90-7

• 80 000 rub. - written off the balance of the sub-account "Sales costs".

Closing of account 91 "Other income and expenses"

Operating and non-operating income and expenses are recorded on account 91. The structure and procedure for its use are similar to the structure and procedure for using account 90 "Sales".

Three sub-accounts are opened for account 91:

• 91-1 "Other income";
• 91-2 "Other expenses";
• 91-9 "Balance of other income and expenses".

In addition to these enterprises, they can also introduce additional sub-accounts for separate accounting of non-operating income and expenses:

• 91-3 "Non-operating income";
• 91-4 "Non-operating expenses".

Note. At the end of each month, the accountant compares the turnover on sub-accounts: debit turnover on sub-accounts 91-2 and 91-4 with credit turnover on sub-accounts 91-1 and 91-3.

The revealed result represents the profit or loss for the month. This amount is written off at the end of the reporting month to account 99 "Profit and Loss". If a profit is made, the posting is written:

Debit 91-9 Credit 99

• reflected the amount of profit for the month.

And if a loss is received, then a record is made:

Debit 99 Credit 91-9

• reflects the amount of loss received per month.

Thus, at the end of each month, account 91 has no balance. However, the sub-accounts of this account still have a debit or credit balance.

After writing off the financial result for December - December 31 - sub-accounts of account 91 must be closed. To do this, balances from other subaccounts are written off to subaccount 91-9 with the following entries:

Debit 91-9 Credit 91-2 (91-4)

• written off the balance of sub-accounts "Other expenses" and "Non-operating expenses";

Debit 91-1 (91-3) Credit 91-9

• written off the balance of sub-accounts "Other income" and "Non-operating income".

Example. In 2002 Vasilek LLC recorded the following data on account 91:

• operating income - 40,000 rubles;
• operating expenses - 35,000 rubles;
• non-operating income - 123,000 rubles;
• non-operating expenses - 103,000 rubles;
• profit from operating and non-sales operations - 25,000 rubles.

At the end of the year, the accountant, reforming the balance sheet, made the following entries:

Debit 91-1 Credit 91-9

• 40 000 rub. - written off operating income;

Debit 91-9 Credit 91-2

• 35 000 rub. - written off operating expenses;

Debit 91-3 Credit 91-9

• RUB 123,000 - written off non-operating income;

Debit 91-9 Credit 91-4

• 103 000 rub. - non-operating expenses are written off.

Closing account 99 "Profit and loss"

During the year, the financial result from ordinary activities, as well as from operating and non-operating income and expenses, is written off to account 99. In addition, it collects extraordinary income and expenses. It also reflects the debt to the budget for income tax and fines for tax violations. Thus, the balance of account 99 is equal to the net profit or loss of the current year. With the final entries in December, this balance is transferred to account 84 "Retained earnings (uncovered loss)".

If the company made a profit at the end of the year, then the following entry is made in accounting:

Debit 99 Credit 84

• written off the net profit of the reporting year.

Example. In 2002 LLC "Vasilek" has the following results:

• profit from ordinary activities - 75,000 rubles;
• profit from operating and non-sales operations - 25,000 rubles;
• income tax - 24,000 rubles.

The following entries were made in the accounting records:

Debit 90-9 Credit 99

• 75 000 rub. – revealed the financial result from the sale of products;

Debit 91-9 Credit 99

• 25 000 rub. - reflects the balance of other income and expenses;

Debit 99 Credit 68 subaccount "Calculations for income tax"

• 24 000 rub. - income tax is charged;

Debit 99 Credit 84

• 76 000 rub. (75,000 + 25,000 - 24,000) - the final financial result has been revealed.

If the organization at the end of the year received a loss, then the entry will be as follows:

Debit 84 Credit 99

• written off the loss of the reporting year.

Example. We will use the conditions of the previous examples, adding only that in 2002 the penalties accrued by the tax inspectorate of Vasilek LLC amounted to 80,000 rubles.

The following entry was made in the accounting:

Debit 99 Credit 68 sub-account "Settlements with the budget for penalties"

• 80 000 rub. - the amount of penalties payable to the budget has been accrued.

Thus, according to the results of the year, Vasilek LLC received a loss of 4,000 rubles. (80,000 - 76,000).

Reforming the balance sheet, the accountant will post:

Debit 84 Credit 99

• 4000 rub. - written off the loss of the reporting year.

O. Kurbangaleeva

Supervisor

methodology department

accounting and auditing

LLC "Audit Alliance"

Account 99 "Profit and loss"

The final financial result (net profit or net loss) is made up of the financial result from ordinary activities, as well as other income and expenses. The debit of account 99 “Profits and losses” reflects losses (losses, expenses), and the credit shows profits (income) of the organization. Comparison of debit and credit turnover for the reporting period shows the final financial result of the reporting period.

Account 99 “Profit and Loss” during the reporting year reflects:

• profit or loss from ordinary activities - in correspondence with account 90 "Sales";
• balance of other income and expenses for the reporting month - in correspondence with account 91 “Other income and expenses”;
• the amounts of the accrued conditional income tax expense, permanent liabilities and payments for recalculations of this tax from actual profit, as well as the amounts of tax sanctions due - in correspondence with account 68 “Calculations for taxes and fees”.

At the end of the reporting year, when compiling the annual financial statements, account 99 “Profit and Loss” is closed. At the same time, the final entry in December, the amount of net profit (loss) of the reporting year is written off from account 99 “Profit and Loss” to the credit (debit) of the account.

The construction of analytical accounting for account 99 “Profit and Loss” should provide the formation of the data necessary for compiling a profit and loss statement.

Account 99 "Profit and Loss" corresponds with the following accounts of the Plan:

by debit

• 01 "Fixed assets"
• 03 "Profitable investments in material assets"
• 07 "Equipment for installation"
• 08 "Investments in non-current assets"
• 10 "Materials"
• 11 "Animals for rearing and fattening"
• 16 "Deviation in the value of material assets"
• 19 "Value Added Tax on Acquired Values"
• 20 "Main production"
• 21 "Semi-finished products of own production"
• 23 "Auxiliary production"
• 25 "General production costs"
• 26 "General expenses"
• 28 "Marriage in production"
• 29 "Service industries and farms"
• 41 "Goods"
• 43 "Finished products"
• 44 Selling costs
• 45 "Goods shipped"
• 50 Cashier
• 51 "Settlement accounts"
• 52 "Currency accounts"
• 58 "Financial investments"
• 68 "Calculations for taxes and fees"
• 69 "Calculations for social insurance and security"
• 70 "Settlements with personnel for wages"
• 71 "Settlements with accountable persons"
• 84 "Retained earnings (uncovered loss)"
• 90 "Sales"
• 91 "Other income and expenses"
• 97 "Deferred expenses"

on credit

• 10 "Materials"
• 50 Cashier
• 51 "Settlement accounts"
• 52 "Currency accounts"
• 55 "Special bank accounts"
• 60 "Settlements with suppliers and contractors"
• 73 "Settlements with personnel for other operations"
• 76 "Settlements with different debtors and creditors"
• 79 "Intra-economic settlements"
• 84 "Retained earnings (uncovered loss)"
• 90 "Sales"
• 91 "Other income and expenses"
• 94 "Shortages and losses from damage to valuables"
• 96 "Reserves for future expenses"

List of sub-accounts opened for account 99:

• 99.1 "Profit and Loss"
  Sub-account 99.1 is intended to summarize information on the financial results of the organization's activities in the reporting year, with the exception of income tax amounts calculated in accordance with PBU 18/02 “Accounting for income tax calculations”. Organizations that do not apply PBU 18/02 “Accounting for income tax settlements” may reflect the accrual of income tax on this subaccount.
• 99.2 "Income tax"
  Subaccount 99.2 is intended to summarize information on the calculation of income tax in accordance with the norms of PBU 18/02 “Accounting for income tax calculations”.

Account 90 "Sales" at the end of each month should not have a balance (it closes).

At the end of each month, the financial result (profit or loss) from sales is determined.

It is equal to the amount of sales proceeds (credit turnover on subaccount 90-1), reduced on the:

- the amount of taxes on revenue (the amount of debit turnovers on subaccounts 90-3, 90-4, 90-5);

- the amount of cost of sales (debit turnover on subaccount 90-2).

Formation of commercial expenses

When forming commercial expenses, the following entries are made in accounting:

Debit 44 “Sales costs” Credit 10 - materials written off for packaging products in the warehouse;

Debit 44 Credit 23 - the costs of auxiliary production for the manufacture of containers, as well as the delivery and loading of products, were written off;

Debit 44 Credit 70 - wages were accrued to workers engaged in packaging and loading products;

Debit 44 Credit 69, 68 - UST, pension insurance contribution and injury contribution were accrued;

Debit 44 Credit 60, 76 - expenses for the delivery and loading of products by third-party organizations (expenses for marketing research, advertising, remuneration to intermediary organizations, etc.) are taken into account.

Selling expenses are charged to the cost of finished products.

Debit 90-2 Credit 44 - business expenses written off.

Management costs reflect at the production organizations on the account 26 "General running costs".

The procedure for their write-off depends on how the enterprise forms the cost of products (works, services):

- at full production cost;

- at a reduced cost.

If the organization takes into account finished products at full production cost, then general business expenses are written off to the debit of production cost accounts (20, 23, 29).

If accounting for finished products is kept at a reduced cost, then general business expenses are written off directly to the debit of account 90, subaccount 2 “Cost of sales”.

At the time of transfer to the buyer of ownership of the shipped products, entries are made in accounting:

Debit 62 Credit 90-1 - reflected the proceeds from the sale of products;

Debit 90-2 Credit 43 - the actual cost of shipped products was written off;

Debit 90-3 Credit 68, sub-account "VAT settlements" - VAT has been charged.

At the end of the month, the amount of general business expenses is written off and the financial result from the sale of finished products is determined:

Debit 90-2 Credit 44 - business expenses written off;

Debit 90-2 Credit 26 - general business expenses are included in the cost of sales;

Debit 90-9 (99) Credit 99 (90-9) - profit (loss) from the sale of finished products (works, services) is reflected.

Account 91 "Other income and expenses" is intended to summarize information on other income and expenses of the reporting period.

The structure and procedure for using the account is similar to account 90 “Sales”. To account 91 "Other income and expenses" the following sub-accounts are opened:

91.1 - "Other income";

91.2 - "Other expenses";

91.9 - "Balance of other income and expenses."

On account 91, the following accounts are made:

1) Accrual of other income:

Dt 02, 05, 10, 41, 43, 50, 52, 60, 62, 66, 67, 71, 76, 98, etc.

ct 91.1.

2) Accrual of other expenses

Dt 91.2

ct 01, 04, 10, 60, 62, 66, 67, 69, 70, 71, 76, 94, etc.

3) Write-off at the end of the month of the balance of other income and expenses:

a) in case of excess of the total of credit turnovers over the total of debit turnovers:

Dt 91.9 ct 99 - profit;

b) if the total of debit turnovers exceeds the total of credit turnovers:

Dt 99ct 91.9 - loss.

4) Closing sub-accounts at the end of the reporting period:

Dt 91.1 ct 91.9

Dt 91.9 ct 91.2.

On sub-accounts 91.1 and 91.2, data are accumulated during the year by types of other income and expenses.

This information is used for compiling profit and loss and other financial statements.

The final financial result (net profit or net loss) is made up of the financial result of ordinary activities, as well as other income and expenses. The debit of account 99 reflects the losses (losses, expenses), and the credit - the profit (income) of the organization. Comparison of debit and credit turnover for the reporting period shows the final financial result of the reporting period. On account 99 during the reporting year reflect:

- profit or loss from ordinary activities - in correspondence with account 90 "Sales";

- the balance of other income and expenses for the reporting month - in correspondence with account 91 "Other income and expenses";

- the amount of accrued income tax, as well as the amount of tax sanctions due - in correspondence with account 68 "Calculations on taxes and fees".

At the end of the reporting year, when compiling the annual financial statements, account 99 is closed. The final entry in December, the amount of net profit (loss) of the reporting year is written off from account 99 to the credit (debit) of account 84 "Retained earnings (uncovered loss)". The construction of analytical accounting for account 99 should provide the formation of the data necessary for compiling a profit and loss statement.

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Account 99 "Profit and Loss" is intended to summarize information on the formation of the final financial result of the organization's activities in the reporting year.
Account 99 is active-passive, its balance shows the cumulative total of the financial result obtained from the beginning of the year to the reporting period. The debit of account 99 reflects the losses (losses, expenses), and the credit profit (income) of the organization.

Comparison of debit and credit turnover for the reporting period and shows the final financial result of the reporting period. The balance as the difference between the amounts of turnover can be debit (final financial result loss) or credit (profit). Income and expenses, profits and losses are recorded on an accrual basis from the beginning of the reporting year, therefore, account 99 reflects the dynamics of the process of making a profit.

Account 99 “Profit and Loss” during the reporting year reflects profit or loss from ordinary activities:
Debit 90-9 Credit 99 - revealed profit from ordinary activities;
Debit 99 - Credit 90-9 - revealed a loss from ordinary activities.

This account also reflects the balance of other income and expenses for the reporting month:
Debit 91-9 - Credit 99 revealed the financial result (profit) on other income and expenses;
Debit 99 - Credit 91-9 revealed a loss.

Directly on account 99 “Profit and Loss” are reflected income and expenses associated with emergency circumstances in the activities of the organization, or the so-called extraordinary income and expenses - for example, losses from natural disasters, nationalization of property, fire.

Finally, during the reporting year, accrued payments for income tax, payments for recalculations of this tax from actual profit and various tax sanctions are reflected directly in the debit of account 99 “Profit and Loss”:
Debit 99 -Credit 68 - income tax accrued.
Debit 99 - Credit 68 - reflects the amount of tax sanctions.

As a result, on account 99 “Profit and Loss”, the net profit of the organization is revealed - the basis for declaring dividends and other distribution of profits. Analytical accounting on account 99 should provide the formation of the data necessary for compiling a profit and loss statement.

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Account 99 in accounting is used to accumulate information on income and expenses during the reporting period in order to form the final financial result at the end of the year. In this article, you will learn about the rules for generating the final financial result.

Purpose of account 99

Throughout the year, account 99 accumulates information on the profit / loss received both from the main activity and from other operations. At the end of the reporting year, debit and credit turnovers are compared on account 99, and the account is closed by writing off the balance on account 84.

You will receive more information about accounting for financial results when reading the article.

Account 99 is active-passive, its debit reflects the resulting loss, and the loan shows profit. The main characteristics of accounting 99 are contained in the Chart of Accounts, approved by order of the Ministry of Finance dated October 31, 2000 No. 94n.

In accordance with Order No. 94n, during the year this account accumulates information on:

• profit and loss received from the main type of economic activity (posting from account 90);
• other expenses and income for the reporting month (postings from account 91);
• due penalties for tax liabilities, accrued contingent expense, recalculation and permanent income tax liabilities (postings from account 68).

For enterprises engaged in agriculture, according to the Chart of Accounts, approved by order of the Ministry of Agriculture dated 13.06.2001 No. 654, when comparing debit-credit turnovers to determine the financial result on account 99, the following are also taken into account:

• income and losses arising from force majeure and other extraordinary circumstances, such as fire, natural disasters, etc. (postings with accounts that take into account the corresponding expenses).

Income from emergencies can include received insurance compensation, income received from the sale of materials during the dismantling of destroyed buildings/structures. The costs of such events include losses that are not compensated by insurers, including the costs associated with the liquidation of a natural disaster.

Basic postings from account 99

In accordance with order No. 94n, the following correspondence is distinguished from account 99:

• Dt 99 Ct 01, 03, 07, 08, 10, 11, 16, 19, 20, 21, 23, 25, 26, 28, 29, 41, 43-45, 50-52, 58, 68-71, 73 , 76, 79, 84, 90, 91, 97.
• Dt 10, 50-52, 55, 60, 73, 76, 79, 84, 90, 91, 94, 96 Ct 99.

Features of analytical accounting for account 99

If there are significant turnovers on account 99, it is possible to create the following analytics for it (we will take the instructions contained in order No. 654 as a basis):

• account 99.1 - profit / loss from the usual type of economic activity (sale of finished products / goods, provision of services, etc.);
• account 99.2 - profit / loss from operating activities (sale of fixed assets, securities, intangible assets);
• account 99.3 - profit / loss identified from non-operating business operations (by comparing expenses / income on account 91);
• account 99.4 - emergency receipts (for example, if insurance is paid in case of fire);
• account 99.5 - extraordinary expenses (destruction of property during natural disasters);
• account 99.6 - payments to the budget for income tax and financial sanctions;
• account 99.7 - profit / loss in the reporting period (revealed result by comparing the aggregate data on sub-accounts 99.1-99.6).

At the same time, it is not necessary to strictly follow this analytics. An enterprise (or individual entrepreneur) can develop it independently, taking into account its own needs for detailing.

Reflection of penalties

As we have already found out, account 99 should reflect all amounts of tax penalties. Debt write-offs on them should also be reflected using account 99.

Wiring:

• when calculating penal tax sanctions - Dt 99 Kt 68;
• when transferring fines to the budget - Dt 68 Kt 51.

For information on how financial sanctions are recognized, see the article.

Results

Account 99 is intended for accumulating data on profit / loss for the subsequent determination (at the end of the year) of the company's financial result. According to the results of the reporting year, account 99 is closed by writing off the resulting balance to the account "Retained earnings (losses)".

Account characteristic 99

Account 99 in accounting is an active-passive account “Profit and Loss”, that is, it can have both a debit and a credit balance. The content of account 99 is described in detail in the current Chart of Accounts, approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated December 31, 2000 No. 94n.

In accordance with this document, information is accumulated on account 99:

• on the financial results that the enterprise receives from the main type of economic activity (in correspondence from account 90);
• on other income and expenses for the reporting period (in correspondence from account 91);
• on imposed penalties for payments to the budget and extra-budgetary funds, accrued payments and recalculations made for income tax (in correspondence from account 68).

For agricultural organizations, there is a Chart of Accounts approved by the Ministry of Agriculture dated June 13, 2001 No. 654. According to this plan, when taking into account debit and credit turnovers, when deriving a financial result on account 99, it is also necessary to take into account income and losses from force majeure and other emergencies (fire, natural disasters, etc.). Income from the state of emergency is recognized as insurance compensation received by the company, income from the sale of materials during the dismantling of destroyed buildings and structures. Expenses in such situations include losses that are not compensated by the insurance company.

Analytical accounting for accounting 99 is constructed in such a way as to ensure the formation of information for the preparation of the final report on financial results.

Account 99: what does the debit, balance show?

The debit of account 99 shows the expenses and losses of the organization. Expenses - this is the total amount of costs incurred by the enterprise for a certain period (year, quarter, month) based on the results of its activities. These costs include funds spent on raw materials and materials, acquisition of fixed assets, wages of employees, operation of vehicles, etc. The costs are in correspondence with the loan with accounting accounts 01, 03, 10, etc. For example, as a result of an emergency the company lost its own production - Dt 99 Kt 41.

The most important indicator of accounting is the balance of accounting 99, which is the difference between financial profit and expenses. This indicator appears as a result of the production and sale of goods. The balance is determined at the beginning and at the end of a certain time interval, and, accordingly, is called the initial or final.

The goal of every organization is to make a profit. If the balance of account 99 at the end of the reporting period turned out to be debit, this means that the level of profit was lower than the level of costs. If the balance is negative, the company has made a profit for the selected period of its work.

Below is the answer to the question, Kt 99 accounts - is it profit or loss.

Is credit a profit or a loss? What does account credit 99 show?

The credit of account 99 shows the income of the company. Income is the sum of all receipts received by an organization to a bank account for a specific time interval. Income includes: revenue, profit from operations with securities, interest received on deposits, income from renting property, etc. Account 99 credit is in correspondence with accounting accounts 90, 91, 73, etc. For example, income received from sales of goods released or services rendered are reflected in the posting Dt 90 Kt 99.

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Thus, the answer to the question is important: credit 99 accounts - is it a profit or a loss? The loan shows the profit of the company, i.e. it has a positive credit balance at the end of the reporting period.

Closing of the reporting period

At the end of each reporting period, companies must close account 99 and open it again at the beginning of the next year. These operations are necessary in order to have an idea about the results of the enterprise and its level of profitability.

Accounting reporting periods coincide with tax periods, therefore zeroing balances on account 99 is also necessary in order to make timely and complete tax payments.

The balance at the beginning of the next period must be zero. To close account 99, you must first close the accounts associated with it. These include:

• Account 90 "Sales". It reflects income from the sale of goods and services that were produced as a result of the company's activities. To detail accounting transactions for this accounting account, subaccounts are opened for it: 90.1, 90.2, 90.3, 90.9.

Account 90 is closed with the following entries:

Dt 90.1 Kt 90.9

Dt 90.9 Kt 90.2

Dt 90.9 Kt 90.3

• Account 91 "Other income and expenses". It is formed on the basis of other income and expenses of the company. The most used sub-accounts for this account are: 91.1, 91.2, 91.9.

After these accounts are closed, the total for account 99 and the closing balance are displayed. If a positive amount is obtained on the debit, then a loss is formed, if such a value appears on the credit of the account - profit.

Then the posting is carried out on account 84, where retained earnings (Dt 99 Kt 84) or loss (Dt 84 Kt 99) are reflected, the accounting account is closed. The remainder remains zero.

Sub-accounts to account 99: what is the financial result of the reporting year?

According to the current Chart of Accounts, sub-accounts can be opened for account 99:

• 1 “Profits and losses from ordinary activities” is intended to account for the financial results obtained from the sale of goods, the provision of services, the performance of work.
• 2 “Profits and losses from operating activities”. This takes into account the financial result that is identified on account 91 (for example, from the sale and other write-off of fixed assets, intangible assets, from the sale of materials, etc.).
• 3 “Profits and losses from non-trading operations” reflects the financial result from non-trading operations on account 91.
• 4 "Extraordinary Income". This sub-account records extraordinary income by type (from emergency incidents).
• 5 "Extraordinary expenses".
• 6 “Payments on income tax and financial sanctions” displays operations on the accrual of income tax and penalties.
• 7 “Profit and loss of the reporting year” reflects the financial result for the reporting period.

***

Which account shows the profit (loss) of the company? For this purpose, account 99 is intended, which reflects the financial results of the organization's activities for a certain period of time. This result is then entered in the form No. 2 of the financial statements "Report on financial results". This account is active-passive: a positive debit balance means a loss at the end of the financial period, and a profit on a loan. At the end of each reporting period, account 99 must be closed to reset the balances to zero. Sub-accounts can be opened for this accounting for a more detailed reflection of transactions.

This material, which continues the series of publications on the new chart of accounts, analyzes account 99 "Profit and Loss" of the new chart of accounts. This comment was prepared by Ya.V. Sokolov, Doctor of Economics, Deputy Chairman of the Interdepartmental Commission for the Reform of Accounting and Reporting, Member of the Methodological Council for Accounting under the Ministry of Finance of Russia, First President of the Institute of Professional Accountants of Russia, V.V. Patrov, professor of St. Petersburg State University and N.N. Karzaeva, PhD in Economics, Deputy director of the audit service of Balt-Audit-Expert LLC.

Account 99 "Profits and losses" is intended to summarize information on the formation of the final financial result of the organization's activities in the reporting year. The final financial result (net profit or net loss) is made up of the financial result from ordinary activities, as well as other income and expenses, including extraordinary ones. The debit of account 99 "Profits and losses" reflects losses (losses, expenses), and the credit - profits (income) of the organization. Comparison of debit and credit turnover for the reporting period shows the final financial result of the reporting period. On account 99 "Profits and losses" during the reporting year are reflected: profit or loss from ordinary activities - in correspondence with account 90 "Sales"; the balance of other income and expenses for the reporting month - in correspondence with account 91 "Other income and expenses"; losses, expenses and income due to emergency circumstances of economic activity (natural disaster, fire, accident, nationalization, etc.) - in correspondence with the accounts of material assets, settlements with personnel for wages, cash, etc. ; accrued income tax payments and payments for recalculations of this tax from actual profit, as well as the amount of tax sanctions due - in correspondence with account 68 "Calculations for taxes and fees". At the end of the reporting year, when compiling the annual financial statements, account 99 "Profit and Loss" is closed. In this case, the final entry in December, the amount of net profit (loss) of the reporting year is debited from account 99 "Profits and losses" to the credit (debit) of account 84 "Retained earnings (uncovered loss)". The construction of analytical accounting for account 99 "Profit and Loss" should provide the formation of the data necessary for compiling a profit and loss statement.

From the point of view of the theory of dynamic balance, account 99 "Profit and Loss" is the most important result account in the entire system of accounts. From the point of view of the theory of static balance, this is the account on which the financial result is formed and it acts as a regulating additional account to account 83 "Additional capital", and at the end of the year it plays the role of an operating, screen account and transfers the balance to account 84 "Retained earnings ". And in the spirit of the static theory, it disappears from the balance. The balance turns out to be without a financial result, the balance without profit (loss). Thus, in this case, the compilers of the chart of accounts consistently carry out the theory of static balance, the owners see in the balance sheet not the profit itself, but retained earnings.

During the month, account 99 "Profit and Loss" reflects extraordinary income and expenses as a result of force majeure events. They always arise for reasons beyond the control of the administration (fires, nationalization, natural disasters, accidents, etc.)

In all such cases, shortages and loss of values ​​occur.

Since these shortages arise for reasons beyond the control of the administration, they are not posted through account 94 "Deficiencies and losses from damage to valuables", but are immediately written off to the debit of account 99 "Profits and losses".

Thus, a very important rule arises:

• losses caused by the current work must be carried out through the account-screen 94 "Shortages and losses from damage to valuables";
• losses caused by extraordinary circumstances should be immediately written off to account 99 "Profit and Loss".

Debit 99 "Profit and Loss"
Loan 41 "Goods"

If the goods were accounted for at selling prices, then the following entries are made:

Debit 99 "Profit and Loss" - for the cost of acquiring the missing goods, Debit 42 "Trade margin" - for the amount of the margin falling on the missing goods, Credit 41 "Goods" - for the entire amount of the missing goods, valued at sales prices.

According to subparagraph 7 of paragraph 2 of article 266 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, losses from natural disasters, fires, accidents and other emergencies, including costs associated with the prevention or elimination of the consequences of natural disasters or emergencies are classified as non-operating expenses and are taken into account for tax purposes.

The instructions for using the chart of accounts say that "the construction of analytical accounting on account 99 "Profit and Loss" should provide the formation of the data necessary for compiling a profit and loss statement."

The instructions for this account do not provide for subaccounts, so the accountant has the right to enter subaccounts based on the requirements of managing the organization, including the needs of analysis, control and reporting.

We offer the following system of sub-accounts:

• 99.1 "Profit (loss) from sales"
• 99.2 "Balance of other income and expenses"
• 99.3 "Extraordinary income"
• 99.4 "Extraordinary expenses"
• 99.5 "Income tax"
• 99.6 "Tax sanctions".

To sub-accounts 99.3 "Extraordinary income" and 99.4 "Extraordinary expenses", analytical accounts should be opened for each type of these incomes and expenses (insurance compensation, material assets received from the write-off of assets, losses from fires, losses from accidents, losses from floods, etc.). P.)

Sub-account 99.3 "Extraordinary income" will have only a credit balance, sub-accounts 99.4 "Extraordinary expenses", 99.5 "Income tax", 99.6 "Tax sanctions only debit, and sub-accounts 99.1 "Profit (loss) from sales" and 99.2 "Balance of other income and expenses" can have both credit and debit balances.

You can also open another sub-account 99.9 "Net profit (loss)" to account 99 "Profit and loss", to which, at the end of the month, write off the balance of the remaining sub-accounts. The balance of this sub-account will show:

• credit - the amount of net profit for the reporting period;
• debit - the amount of loss for the reporting period.

Accounts on account 99 "Profit and loss" can be represented as follows.

The procedure for accounting for income and expenses and identifying the financial results of economic activity.

During a year:

1. Monthly charge:

a) sales profits;
b) loss on sales;

2. Monthly excess write-off:

a) other income over other expenses;
b) other expenses over other income;

3. Accrual of income tax and tax sanctions.

4. Reflection in accounting:

a) emergency income;
b) emergency expenses;

December of the reporting year.

5. Write-off of the financial result for the reporting year:

a) retained earnings;
b) uncovered loss.

Entries on sub-accounts of account 99 "Profits and losses" are kept during the year accumulatively, which facilitates the process of compiling a profit and loss statement (form No. 2).

The relationship between the indicators of this report and the above sub-accounts is shown in Table 1.

Table 1

The relationship between the indicators of the income statement and sub-accounts of account 99 "Profit and loss"

An organization that received a loss in the previous tax period has the right to reduce the tax base for income tax of the current tax period by the entire amount of the received loss or by a part of this amount (carry forward the loss to the future). The transfer of this loss is possible within ten years following the tax period in which the loss was received. However, at the same time, the amount of loss carried forward in any reporting (tax) period cannot exceed 30% of the tax base.

A loss not carried forward to the next year may be carried forward in whole or in part to the next year of the next nine years.

If an organization has incurred losses in more than one tax period, such losses are carried forward in the order in which they were incurred.

Thus, the current account 99 "Profit and Loss" differs from the previous account 80 "Profit and Loss" in several fundamental points:

1. Only the difference between other income and expenses (except for extraordinary expenses) is written off to account 99 "Profit and Loss" monthly, while other income and other expenses were recorded in detail to account 80 "Profit and Loss".
2. The accrual of income tax payments and tax sanctions was previously reflected in the debit of account 81 "Use of profits", and at present - in the debit of account 99 "Profits and losses".
3. The third difference follows from the second. The balance of account 80 "Profit and Loss" showed the amount of profit (loss) before taxation, and the balance of account 99 "Profit and Loss" - the amount of net profit, that is, after taxation.