Features of the diet in patients with kidney disease. What not to eat with kidney disease What menu with a sick kidney

The kidneys are one of the busiest organs in the body. They filter up to 2000 liters of blood per day, separating nutrients from urea, creatine and uric acid. The kidneys maintain the water-salt balance of the blood, remove toxins and foreign substances, excess organic and inorganic substances, and also generate the hormones aldosterone and erythropoietin. But when internal or external adverse factors appear, they sooner or later cease to cope with their tasks. In this case, they will be helped by a kidney diet, designed to relieve the load and create conditions for recovery. In medicine, the kidney diet is called treatment table number 7.

diet for kidney failure

Diet in renal failure can be used in particular in acute and chronic nephritis. Its main task is to unload the kidneys, reduce pressure and edematous phenomena, and also to establish the excretion of decay products from the body.

A diet for kidney failure limits proteins, fats and carbohydrates within physiological norms, but meat, fish, mushroom broths, products containing oxalic acid and essential oils are banned. Salt intake is reduced to 3-6 g per day, depending on the doctor's recommendation. Another limitation that the kidney diet puts is free fluid, it can be consumed up to 1 liter per day.

• bread, pancakes and pancakes without salt;
• vegetarian soups with vegetables and cereals, which can be seasoned with butter, sour cream, herbs, citric acid, vinegar, and even sautéed and boiled onions;
• lean meat and fish boiled, steamed or baked;
• milk, cream, dairy products, cottage cheese;
• whole eggs, soft-boiled and yolks;
• pasta and all cereals, except legumes;
• potatoes and most fresh vegetables;
• all fruits and sweets except chocolate;
• sauces based on tomato, milk, sour cream, fruit and vegetable;
• tea, weak coffee, juices, rosehip broth;
• vegetable, ghee and butter.

On the renal diet are prohibited:

• flour products with the addition of salt;
• soups on meat, fish, mushroom broth and with the addition of legumes;
• fatty meats, sausages, sausages, smoked meats and canned food, fatty, salted, canned, smoked fish and caviar;
• cheeses;
• legumes;
• onions, garlic, radishes, radishes, sorrel, spinach, mushrooms, as well as vegetable preparations;
• chocolate;
• strong coffee, cocoa, mineral water;
• lard (limited).

To make it easier for you to navigate, we offer a kidney diet menu for the day.

For the first breakfast, you can cook a soft-boiled egg, buckwheat porridge and tea. For the second breakfast - baked apples. For lunch - vegetarian borsch with sour cream, boiled meat with fried potatoes and dried fruit compote. For an afternoon snack, you can drink a rosehip broth. For dinner, steamed carrot-apple meatballs, noodles with cottage cheese and tea are prepared.

Diet for acute and chronic glomeralonephritis with severe renal failure

This type of diet for kidney disease is even more sparing of the function of these organs of the excretory system.

The rules of the kidney diet are the same as in the previous diet. But this time, food is predominantly plant-based, and foods containing proteins and table salt are sharply limited.

On this diet option for kidney disease, the recommended foods include:

• bread baked with yeast without salt;
• vegetable, potato and fruit soups with onion, sour cream dressing and herbs;
• lean meat is limited to 50-60 g per day;
• milk, cream, sour cream and cottage cheese are limited to 60 g per day, and are consumed only with the exclusion of meat and fish;
• you can add up to 1/2 eggs per day to meals, or eat eggs in the form of omelettes 2-3 times a week;
• sago and limited amounts of rice, as well as protein-free pasta;
• up to 250 g of potatoes and up to 450 g of fresh vegetables per day;
• fruits, berries raw, baked or cooked in the form of jam, jelly, jelly;
• weak tea with lemon, juices, rosehip broth;
• butter, ghee and vegetable oils.

On the renal diet are excluded:

• regular bread with salt;
• all broths except vegetable and sago;
• all meat and fish products other than the recommended lean minimum;
• cereals, pasta, legumes;
• vegetable preparations, as well as all vegetables from the previous prohibited list;
• chocolate, milk jelly and ice cream;
• meat, fish, mushroom sauce, horseradish, mustard, pepper;
• coffee, cocoa, mineral waters with sodium;
• cooking oil.

The rules of the diet for renal colic will depend on the nature of the stones that form in the kidneys. For example, phosphate stones are formed in a predominantly alkaline environment, and urate stones are formed in an acidic environment. This affects the approach to diet.

Inflammation of the kidneys affects all segments of the population. The risk group consists of children under the age of seven, women in the childbearing period and men of advanced years. The most common cause of pathology is hypothermia and the consequences of colds. To get rid of pain, it is not enough to undergo a medical course of treatment. The diet for diseased kidneys is designed to promote the healing process.

Inflammation of the kidneys provokes a failure in the human body of water-electrolyte and acid-base balance. As a result, swelling of tissues is formed, signs of hypertension appear, toxic poisoning is observed with the remains of metabolic products that the body cannot remove in a timely manner. Most often, the inflammatory process is diagnosed if the diagnosis is made: nephritis, pyelonephritis.

Nutrition for inflammation of the kidneys developed by the attending urologist, taking into account:

• anti-inflammatory effect, which can significantly accelerate the full recovery;
• cleansing the urinary tract improves the outflow of fluid from body tissues;
• health foods should not put a heavy burden on the kidneys;
• you should eat food that helps normalize blood pressure, improve the body's water balance;
• adherence to a therapeutic diet can prevent the development of a chronic process;
• filling the daily menu with vitamins helps to increase immune protection.

With diseased kidneys, it is necessary to minimize the intake of proteins and fats of animal origin, and increase the amount of carbohydrates. The amount of salt consumed in the diet should be limited to no more than 5 grams per day.

It is not necessary to completely refuse salt in the diet, as the onset of kidney failure is possible. It is advisable to flavor food with spices and herbs to give it a more appetizing look.

In kidney disease, the diet aims to balance the intake of protein, sodium and phosphorus salts. Recommended amount of protein 25 g per day otherwise aggravation is possible.

For pain in the kidneys, food should be cooked boiled or baked, but at the same time the body should not suffer from a lack of nutrients.
It is recommended to reduce single doses of products by increasing the frequency of meals up to 5-6 times daily. Dinner must be no later than two hours before a night's rest. This diet helps to defeat pyelonephritis.

During the day, be sure to drink at least 1 liter of pure non-carbonated water, it is recommended to eat foods that have a diuretic effect: fresh cucumbers, pumpkin, watermelon, melon, zucchini. If there are no edema and liver diseases, the amount of water should be increased to 2.5 liters.

The calorie content of the diet throughout the day in adults should not be less than 3500 kcal. In case of refusal, the body will begin to use its protein supply, increasing the load on the kidneys. 1-2 times a week is recommended arrange fasting days eating any one vegetable or fruit product. If pyelonephritis is accompanied by low hemoglobin, it is recommended to enrich the diet with apples, strawberries, pomegranates and other iron-containing foods.

List of prohibited products

When treating, it is strictly forbidden to eat fried, pickled dishes. Avoid eating spicy, fatty, salty foods. It is forbidden to use strong rich broths from meat, fish, mushrooms for food. It is recommended to drain the first portion when cooking a dish. Filling the product with fresh water, bring the process to readiness.

If the patient has acute stage pyelonephritis, then the basis will be a protein-free diet for kidney disease, but the following should be avoided:

• canned meat and fish, semi-finished products, seafood;
• sharp hard cheeses;
• seasonings (mayonnaise, mustard, horseradish, ketchup, etc.);
• coffee, cocoa, strong tea leaves;
• fatty lactic acid products;
• black bread;
• onions in any form, garlic, radish;
• alcohol of any strength;
• chocolate, fatty confectionery;
• legume products;
• margarine, lard, fat.

When pyelonephritis passes into an inactive phase, the diet can be slightly expanded, it is allowed to practice a protein diet.

What products are allowed and useful

Despite the limitations, the composition of the diet for people with diseased kidneys must be varied, the nutritional value of which is sufficient for normal human life support.

It is allowed to use the following products during treatment:

• low-fat boiled meats up to 200 g per day 3-4 weeks after switching to a diet;
• limited quantity durum wheat pasta;
• unsalted bread, preferably with bran - for weight loss;
• cereal porridge cooked in water or with the addition of low-fat milk;
• chicken eggs, limiting the use of 2 pieces daily;
• vegetable soups with the addition of cereals or pasta, seasoned with butter;

When exacerbated, you can not eat:

• boiled, baked, fresh vegetables, plant foods (carrots, potatoes, cabbage, cucumbers, zucchini, pumpkin, lettuce, beets);
• you can use non-acidic greens;
• fruits in fresh or boiled, baked form. Compotes, kissels, freshly squeezed juices.
• citrus fruits are prohibited as sources of allergies;
• weakly brewed tea or coffee;
• milk and lactic acid products of low-fat composition are allowed to be consumed in limited quantity.
• diuretic watermelon should also be limited in nutrition, including with one kidney, so as not to provoke a deterioration in the condition.

Menu for the week

With a diet, the human body still needs good nutrition, even if inflammation of the kidneys or bladder is diagnosed.

The menu is usually compiled for a week, including all the nutrients necessary for the body in the composition of the dishes; for kidney problems, the allowed foods are as follows:

1. Egg white omelet, slice of bran bread with butter.
2. Buckwheat porridge boiled in water, hard-boiled egg.
3. Milk soup with durum vermicelli, boiled egg.
4. Millet porridge, bread with jam and butter.
5. Milk porridge made from Artek wheat groats, sweet pancakes cooked without salt.
6. Thin pancakes stuffed with jam, hard boiled egg.
7. Cornmeal porridge with pumpkin, bread spread with a thin layer of butter.

Drinks are served: not strong tea, milk, yogurt.

An approximate menu for a second breakfast with a diet for the kidneys should be varied with dishes (in addition to the menu of tables 7, 7a and 7b):

1. Low-fat cottage cheese pudding.
2. Mashed potatoes with boiled fish.
3. Fresh fat-free cottage cheese, you can add sugar.
4. Vinaigrette or other salad of boiled vegetables with vegetable oil.
5. Milk porridge with fresh or dried fruits and similar recipes.
6. Sweet cottage cheese casserole.
7. Steam fish with garnish.

Drinks for lunch can be varied with milk sweetened with kefir, decoctions of medicinal plants with sugar or honey.

Lunch meals are a must should include various vegetable soups, 200 g of boiled meat of lean beef, veal, chicken. Drinks: compote or jelly from apples, cherries, sweet fruit juices.

The low-protein diet menu is expanding with cottage cheese, meat, pasta potato casseroles, steamed fish cakes, cottage cheese with sugar, oatmeal with fruit fillings. The list of drinks varies with a portion of low-fat milk, tea with milk, compote, rosehip broth. 2 hours before bedtime, it is recommended to take 200 ml of low-fat sour-milk drink with added sugar or honey.

If the disease has become chronic, then it is necessary to adhere to a diet for life. Only the attending physician can correct the composition of the diet!

Remember: therapeutic nutrition in kidney disease plays an exceptional role. Table number 7 according to Pevzner is designed to help the nephrological patient figure out how to eat right. Brilliant therapist M.I. Pevzner dotted the “I” back in the last century.

The activity of the kidneys for the normal functioning of the human body is undeniable. Surprisingly, it is a fact: our kidneys are able to filter and purify more than a THOUSAND LITERS of blood per day!

Note!
Kidney Week 2015 released the results of two scientific studies that prove that conventional heartburn medications that reduce the release of hydrochloric acid in the stomach increase the risk of chronic kidney disease by 20 to 50%. Do not abuse antacids!

Kidney disease is one of the most pressing problems of modern medicine.

Did you know?
Angina can cause severe kidney disease. It's all about the causative agents of this insidious disease: streptococcus, phylococcus, etc. Being in the blood, these microbes can easily penetrate the kidneys and infect them. Conclusion: if you often have a sore throat, take an annual analysis for bacterial culture from the nasopharynx to exclude bacterial carriage.

How to understand that something is “wrong” with the kidneys?
If you notice the following complaints in yourself, run to a nephrologist (urologist or therapist):

• unpleasant sensation in the lumbar region;
• frequent urination, even at night;
• swelling on the face;
• discomfort during urination.

Let's move on to the topic of the post: how to eat right with kidney disease? What do you need to know?

Remember!
Fasting is strictly contraindicated for people with kidney disease! When you refuse food, the body begins to consume not only fats, but also its own proteins. Toxins begin to be thrown out, which increases the load on already diseased kidneys.

Principles of Diet No. 7 according to Pevzner

The main purpose of diet table number 7 is to reduce the load on the kidneys by significantly reducing protein intake per day. This kind of "protein unloading" contributes not only to the restoration of kidney function, but also has a positive effect on the entire body as a whole. It is prescribed for patients with chronic kidney disease in the absence of signs of chronic renal failure.

Tasks of table number 7 according to Pevzner:

• facilitate the work of the kidneys;
• reduce the load on the body;
• increase daily diuresis;
• improve the process of cleansing the body of nitrogenous toxins;
• stimulate the process of urination;

The diet of "renal" patients should include products with a diuretic effect:

1. cucumbers,
2. beet,
3. pumpkin,
4. zucchini,
5. raw vegetable salads;
6. prunes;
7. apricots;
8. watermelon;
9. melon,
10. dried apricots;
11. raisin.

• eliminate swelling;
• create favorable conditions for blood circulation and reduce hypertension.

Table number 7 according to Pevzner obliges:

1. minimize salt in your diet (no more than 4 grams per day);
2. limit extractives;
3. reasonably reduce the intake of carbohydrates and fluids;
4. the diet should be dominated by foods rich in potassium salts (raisins, dried apricots, apricots) and calcium;
5. increase the proportion of foods containing vitamins C, B and P;
6. thermal processing of food.

Want to spice up unsalted foods?
Add some wine vinegar or lemon juice.

Indications for the appointment of diet food according to Pevzner (table No. 7):

• The period of recovery in acute nephritis.
• Nephropathy of pregnancy.

The daily calorie content of food is 2200 kcal.
The Pevzner dietary system, like any other type of diet, has a number of permitted foods and those that should be avoided.

General rules for the therapeutic diet No. 7 according to Pevzner

1. The therapeutic diet of table No. 7 according to Pevzner allows the use of salt in an amount of not more than 4 grams, taking into account its content in food. Allowed flour products are recommended to be baked without salt.
2. Meat and fish products must be natural and dietary varieties. A prerequisite for the preparation of these products is boiling, and if necessary, it is allowed to finish the cooking process in the oven. No more than 100 grams are consumed per day.
3. Eggs are allowed. They should be soft-boiled or cooked in the form of a classic omelette. The daily norm is no more than 2 pieces.
4. Any cooked dishes can be seasoned with sour cream, butter or olive oil. It is forbidden to use sunflower oil, mayonnaise, ketchups and sauces. Sugar is recommended to be replaced with honey.
5. The use of fruits and vegetables in the diet is not limited, they can be consumed fresh and boiled. Diet No. 7 according to Pevzner is based solely on vegetable broths. From fruits it is allowed to prepare salads seasoned with sour cream, cook compotes and jelly, and prepare desserts. The use of pickled, canned and salted vegetables and fruits is strictly prohibited.
6. From drinks, in addition to compotes and jelly, it is allowed to drink fermented milk products, green and black teas, cream, weak coffee without caffeine. It is worth noting that it is recommended to include herbal teas with diuretic properties in the daily diet.

• Porridge, pasta from durum wheat.
• Meat products - rabbit, veal, chicken, turkey.
• Bakery products - any products without salt.
• Skimmed dairy products.
• Fresh fruits and berries.
• Vegetables.
• Seafood - mussels, squid, shrimp in a minimal amount.
• Fish - perch, cod, pike perch.
• Eggs - 1 - 2 pieces.

All products must be steamed, boiled or cooked in a slow cooker. The amount of food consumed is not limited.

Be sure to drink purified water in the amount of 1.5 - 2 liters.
Don't forget to take daily walks in the fresh air!

What to avoid when compiling a menu for table number 7 according to Pevzner

The essence of the diet is the limited use of foods containing protein.

Remember!
If you have ever had kidney problems, any protein diets for weight loss (“Kremlin”, Dukan) are contraindicated for you. It could cost you your life!

It is forbidden to exceed the allowable consumption of food products prepared from fish and meat, as well as broths from them. Nuts, hard cheeses, mushroom dishes and legumes (for example, asparagus beans) should be excluded from the diet. Chinese oilseed peas and soy products are contraindicated.
Under the taboo is food containing a lot of salt. Such dishes will retain water, which will lead to edema. Therefore, it is worth excluding canned food, caviar, pickles and smoked meats from the diet. The use of saturated seasonings and sauces, mustard, spices and horseradish is also contraindicated.

It is necessary to exclude all factory flour and confectionery products.

List of foods prohibited for consumption:

• Mineral waters with high sodium content.
• Fried fatty meat.
• Salted and smoked fish.
• Canned seafood and fish.
• Pickles.
• Sausages and smoked delicacies.
• Meat and fish broths.

Table number 7 is one of the main ones in the system of dietary nutrition developed by Pevzner.A variety of subspecies of table number 7 allows you to choose the right diet depending on the individual characteristics of the body and the process of the disease. One of the important factors is the possibility of assigning diet number 7 to children.
There are the following varieties of diet No. 7 according to Pevzner:
Table number 7a.
Table number 7b.
Table No. 7v.
Table No. 7g.
Table number 7r.

Diet number 7 and according to Pevzner

The main goal is to increase the volume of urine formation in the kidneys and excrete it from the body, unload the metabolism of proteins in the body, and relieve inflammation in the kidneys.

Indications for appointment:

• Acute glomerulonephritis.
• Exacerbation of nephrological pathology of a chronic nature.

At the beginning of the disease, it is recommended to abandon proteins and table salt completely and spend several fasting days (potato, sugar or rice-apple). Table number 7a is intermediate between these days and the basic table number 7.

Daily intake of nutrients:

• Proteins - only 20 grams.
• Fats - 80 grams (most of animal origin).
• Carbohydrates - 350 grams.

The energy value of food products of the daily diet should not exceed 2230 kcal.

The amount of fluid consumed is limited and must exceed the amount of urine that was collected the day before by 250 ml.

Diet according to Pevzner table number 7a is enriched with fortified foods. The basis of the diet is any cereals, pasta and bread without salt. You can cook cereals, soufflés, eggless casseroles, cereal cutlets. Dairy products are allowed in limited quantities: ghee, sour cream, sour milk. Vegetables and fruits can be any.

All foods that irritate the kidneys, excite the cardiovascular system and the central nervous system are excluded from the diet. Soups are often completely excluded. Baking should be abandoned. The fact is that soda, which is part of the baking powder for dough, adversely affects the kidneys.

The amount of salt is 2 grams per day - this is only the one contained in the products.

The duration of the therapeutic diet is no more than 10 days and is prescribed during the recovery period after a strict monotonous diet. It is recommended to adhere to bed rest during the diet period, and break food intake into 6 meals. The total mass of food - no more than 2.5 kg per day.

Diet food according to Pevzner table number 7 b

The purpose of the dietary table number 7b is to reduce the load on the kidneys to facilitate their work, stimulate the excretion of urine, unload protein metabolism, reduce inflammation, increase the rate of excretion of nitrogen metabolites from the body, and reduce blood pressure numbers.

Indications:

• The subsidence of the acute inflammatory process.

Per day it is allowed to use:

• Carbohydrates - 450-500 grams.
• Proteins - already 40 grams.
• Fats - 80-90 grams (80% - animal origin).

The energy value of table No. 7b per day should not exceed 2700 - 3000 kcal.
The volume of fluid consumed is similar to the diet on table No. 7a. The duration of the diet does not exceed 7 days.
The diet is based on six meals a day.
A large amount of vegetables and fruits are added to the diet, as well as 50 g (strictly!) Of meat or fish. Porridge, vermicelli and pasta still form the basis of the menu. As an independent snack, you can afford 200 g of milk or kefir with a cracker of their salt-free white bread.

Remember!
Yoghurts from the store "kidney" patients can not eat. They contain thickeners (homogenizers) and thermophilic bacteria that adversely affect the kidneys. Ferment yogurt at home from proven milk in a yogurt maker or slow cooker.

Diet number 7 according to Pevzner

The essence of dietary table No. 7c is the strict restriction of extractive substances contained in meat and mushrooms, and the reduction of protein in the menu.

Indications:

• Nephrotic syndrome in chronic kidney disease.

Permissible Nutrients:

• Fats - only 80 grams.
• Proteins - 120 grams.
• Carbohydrates - 400 grams.

The calorie content of food consumed per day is 2900 kcal. The allowable volume of liquid is up to 0.7 liters.
Such a table lasts 6 - 10 days.
The diet involves frequent meals with a fixed time interval of no more than 2 hours.
Dishes should be boiled or cooked in a double boiler and in small portions. Lean pork and lamb are allowed, as well as shrimp, squid and mussels. Avoid oily fish! You can cod, pike, lemon, for example. Soups are allowed vegetarian and in small quantities. Vegetables and fruits can be any, with the exception of those containing oxalic acid. It is allowed to treat yourself to honey and dried fruits, but chocolate is prohibited. Eggs are allowed in the form of a protein steam omelet.

Diet according to Pevzner table number 7g

The indications for this diet are to support the body of a patient on hemodialysis due to end stage renal failure.

Daily rate:

• Carbohydrates - 400-450 grams.
• Proteins - 60 grams with the predominance of animals up to 75%.
• Fats - 100-110 grams.

Salt is excluded.
The calorie content of consumed foods per day is normal and is about 3000 kcal.
The daily norm of the liquid you drink is not more than 0.75 liters (you can decoction of wild rose, oat bran).
Eating fractional 6 times a day, portions with a minimum amount of food, strictly boiled. Pork and lamb are not allowed in this version of diet No. 7. Of the cereals, only rice is allowed. The number of vegetables is limited: potatoes can be eaten up to 300 g per day, other vegetables (carrots, cabbage, cucumbers, herbs, beets) - up to 400 g. From fruits, you do not need to eat grapes, bananas, figs, peaches, cherries and black currants. Two soft-boiled eggs are allowed per day. Any cheese is prohibited.
There is no specific time frame for the duration of diet No. 7g. The duration and diet are prescribed strictly by the doctor, depending on the individual indicators of the general state of health.

Diet number 7 r according to Pevzner

The main task of this diet is to facilitate the functioning of the organs of the urinary system through a properly selected balanced diet.

Indications for appointment:

• Elevated levels of uric acid in the blood (hyperuricemia).

Purine metabolism, unlike gout, is disturbed in 20% of the adult population of the planet. Clinical manifestations of the disease are gout and kidney stones. Hyperuricemia is treated by an endocrinologist or rheumatologist.

Attention!
Get a biochemical blood test. If the level of uric acid is 240 - 400 microns / l, then this is the norm. Although experts recommend caution when the value of uric acid is already more than 354 microns / l.

Distribution per day:

• Proteins - only 70 grams.
• Fats - 90 grams.
• Carbohydrates - 400 - 450 grams.

The energy value of the daily menu is 2800 kcal.

This medical nutrition is low-protein with a strict restriction of products containing oxalic acid, and an increase in potassium-rich vegetables and fruits in the diet.
The amount of fluid per day - up to 2 liters (discussed individually).
All meals should be boiled or steamed, and eating in small portions every 2 hours.
Cereals, bread, pasta and potatoes are allowed. Legumes, spinach, sorrel, cauliflower and broccoli are banned. Preference - pumpkin and zucchini. Be sure to include in your diet bright red, blue and dark fruits: cranberries, cherries, lingonberries, cherries and strawberries. Eggs are allowed in casseroles, pancakes, bread (half one egg per day). Avoid foods that contain gelatin.
Diet No. 7 p is prescribed for a long time.

Do not forget that the Pevzner diet is a health food. It is not recommended, if there are clear indications for a "kidney" diet, to self-medicate. Only your doctor can help you make the right diet and benefit your body from dietary nutrition. Therapeutic nutrition for kidney disease is the path to recovery.

Take care of your health! He has no price!

The kidneys perform many functions in the human body: they remove toxic substances, maintain blood volume and acid-base balance, synthesize hormones and other valuable components, and regulate blood pressure.

Any disturbances in the functioning of the kidneys (functional or anatomical) can affect the entire body and can lead to a deterioration in the quality of life, social maladjustment, disability and even death.

Persons suffering from kidney disease or having a predisposition to them are advised to adjust their diet and exclude a number of harmful components.

The link between diet and kidney health

A diet with an excess of potassium, phosphorus, sodium and other stone-forming substances causes malfunctions in the kidneys, contributes to the appearance of stones in the lumen of the urinary tract and a decrease in local ones. As a result, kidney cells are unable to withstand any other damaging factors.

Food restrictions depend on the current state of the kidneys. If the organs are healthy or their function is slightly reduced, then there are no special restrictions on the diet. However, with severe disorders, an excess of sodium, potassium or phosphorus not only aggravates the condition of the kidneys, but also affects the whole body, provoking serious disorders (from osteoporosis to cardiac arrest).

Below is a list of 10 foods that are harmful to people with kidney pathologies or with a predisposition to them.

1. Fats and offal

It has been proven that excessive consumption of foods with a high specific gravity of fats (lard, boiled pork, duck meat) leads to increased urinary excretion of oxalates, and also contributes to the development of nephrocalcinosis, which reduces kidney function and leads to irreversible dystrophic changes.

According to domestic scientists, dairy products are also rich in melanin (especially infant formula). This substance enhances the growth of uric acid stones, which lead to the development of kidney failure.

Alternatively, rice or almond milk can be used. The content of phosphorus and potassium in them is much lower.

Dairy products should be limited in individuals with or predisposed to kidney disease, as they are high in potassium and phosphorus.

7. Processed meat

Meat products are considered processed, which include special food additives, spices and spices, salt to improve taste and increase shelf life. As a rule, they are also smoked, salted or dried.

Such products are closely associated with the development of chronic kidney disease due to the presence of preservatives with nephrotoxic properties.

One study showed a high incidence of hypertension in people eating processed meats. As a result, the epithelium of the kidney vessels is replaced by fibrous tissue, which negatively affects their functional activity.

In addition, meat, after salting or smoking, contains a record amount of salt, which is an independent risk factor for the development of hypertension and edematous syndrome. Scientists from the USA have found a direct relationship between a diet with chemically processed meat products and the incidence of coronary heart disease and diabetes mellitus, in which signs of diabetic nephropathy appear in the future.

Meat with a large number of preservatives and salt should be limited in individuals suffering from acute or chronic kidney pathologies.

8. Apricots, dried apricots

Apricots are rich in vitamin C and A, as well as fiber, which improves the microflora and. The only negative is the high content of potassium (the negative effect of the trace element on the kidneys is described above).

100 g of fresh apricots contains 280 mg of potassium, 100 g of dried apricots - almost 800 mg. This means that a few dried fruits give the body almost half of the daily requirement of the trace element. The concentration of potassium in apricots is much higher than that of all other fruits and dried fruits.

With kidney disease, it is necessary to limit the consumption of apricots, especially in dried form, due to the extremely high content of potassium.

9. Fast food

Noodles or potatoes, which must be poured with boiling water and wait 3-5 minutes, are an extremely dangerous category of food for the body.

They contain a record amount of salt, which provokes an increase in blood pressure and the development of dystrophic changes in the renal tubules.

A special role, according to the accumulated scientific data, is assigned to monosodium glutamate - a flavor enhancer. It helps increase appetite. As a result, people gain weight, which affects all organ systems, and the risk of fatty degeneration of the kidneys increases.

In addition, there are practically no substances useful for the body in fast food products. A person receives only calories and a "bundle" of diseases, and not valuable vitamins, macro- and microelements.

The use of instant and ready-made meals is a risk factor for damage to the kidneys and other body systems.

10. Potato

100 g of potatoes (this is about 75% of the average potato) can contain from 280 to 500 mg of potassium, which is dangerous for the body in case of impaired kidney function.

It has been proven that soaking potatoes in water (at least 4 hours) leads to a decrease in potassium concentration by 1.5-2 times after cooking.

In addition, this processing method reduces the level, which favorably affects the calorie content of the product and leads to weight loss.

Persons with kidney pathology with a decrease in their functional activity should limit the consumption of potatoes due to the large amount of potassium in it. As a last resort, it is recommended to soak the potatoes in water before cooking.

7 General Diet Rules

Nutritionists and doctors around the world recommend following a number of rules to maintain the functional and anatomical usefulness of the kidneys:

1. Drink enough clean water. It has been proven that fluid deficiency leads to the accumulation in the body of its own metabolites, toxic substances and stone-forming components that come from food. The norm of fluid intake per day for an adult is at least 1.5-2 liters.
2. Diversify your diet. You should not eat the same foods for a long time. It is also important to observe the qualitative and quantitative composition of the diet. Failure to comply with such recommendations disrupts the work of local immunity factors of the urinary system, provokes the development of urolithiasis.
3. Limit animal fats. It has been proven that increased consumption of meat with a high fat content provokes the appearance of degenerative kidney diseases (for example, nephrocalcinosis).
4. To refuse from bad habits. Alcohol contributes to the destruction of the epithelial cells of the renal tubules. Smoking is closely associated with autoimmune diseases and the rate of progression of chronic kidney disease.
5. Lead a healthy lifestyle. Systematic feasible physical activity combined with outdoor walks (parks and coniferous forests are perfect) improve metabolism, increase immunity and resistance to pathogens of infectious diseases.
6. Observe fractional nutrition. Food should be taken 5-6 times a day in equal portions, which contributes to an adequate load on the kidneys.
7. Get in touch with experts in a timely manner with the appearance of any signs of damage to the kidneys and other parts of the urinary system (back pain; decrease or increase in the volume of urine; change in urine color; cramps and soreness during sexual and urination acts).

Conclusion

Thus, following simple dietary recommendations and avoiding foods high in stone-forming substances (potassium, phosphorus, and sodium) can improve kidney health, slow current diseases, and prevent new ones.