Presentation “Geographical envelope. Presentation on geography on the topic: Geographical shell of the Earth Patterns of development of the geographical shell presentation

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• Our planet consists of several shells. The substances that make up the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere move and penetrate each other. The shell of living organisms - the biosphere - also interacts with all other shells. Thus, underground water seeps and accumulates in the lithosphere, air penetrates into it, and living organisms loosen the upper layer of the lithosphere.

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LESSON TOPIC: REGULARITIES OF GEOGRAPHICAL ENVIRONMENT

WE KNOW: What are the patterns of the geographical envelope? How is the relationship between the patterns?

ATMOSPHERE HYDROSPHERE LITHOSPHERE BIOSPHERE Geographical envelope GO

GEOGRAPHICAL ENVIRONMENT PC Soil Plants Air Animals Relief Water

Z Ts GSH h Geographical constructor "Regularities of GO" GO PC - geographical envelope - natural complex - zonality - integrity - rhythm = - height - latitude - relationship - time

change PC Latitudinal zonality W PLAIN (GSH) ZONATION REGULARITY GO

Altitudinal zone (h) HIMALAYAS ALPS

change in PC Latitudinal zonality Altitudinal zonation W PLAIN (HL) change in PC W MOUNTAINS (h) ZONATION REGULARITY OF GO

Ts components PC CLIMATE SOIL PLANTS ANIMALS ) Natural area interconnection REGULARITY GO INTEGRITY

RHYTHMS Daily Annual Perennial time REGULARITY RHYTHMICITY

Assignment: determine patterns (rhythm, integrity, zonality) ANSWER: Rhythm (annual) Winter Spring Summer Autumn

Assignment: determine patterns (rhythm, integrity, zonality) A B C Answer: zonality (AVB) Arctic desert Savannah Taiga

Task: identify patterns (rhythm, integrity, zonality) Answer: integrity Biological cycle

TEST key: 1 D 2 B 3 B 4 A 5 B

WE HAVE LEARNED: ZC of PC components relationship time change of PC Latitudinal zonality Altitudinal zone PLAIN (HS) MOUNTAINS (h)

WE LEARNED: GO = PK Z C

HOMEWORK Why does the aurora, atmospheric circulation, the activity of pathogenic microbes and viruses, cholera and plague epidemics, and locust raids intensify every 11 years?

On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes

Pasechnikova Elena Alekseevna, born March 22, 1972, teacher of geography and ecology MBOU Lyceum, Art. Kanevskaya, Krasnodar region, has been teaching geography for 17 years. Since 2006, she has been teaching geography using linear...

Teacher Polyakova Valentina Yakovlevna (Serafimovskaya special secondary school of a closed type) Geography lesson "Geographical envelope. Structure and properties of the geographical envelope"

Geography lesson "Geographical envelope. Structure and properties of the geographical envelope"

Geography lesson on the topic "Geographical envelope. Structure and properties of the geographical envelope." When explaining the material, diagrams of the circulation of the geographic shell and textbook drawings are used. Gives...

The first stage is geological (or prebiogenic) - lasted from the formation of the Earth (about 4.5 billion years ago) until about 600 million years ago. This is the earliest stage of Earth's history. Life was represented exclusively by the simplest organisms, and they did not have a significant influence on the formation of the geographical envelope. There was very little molecular oxygen in the atmosphere, but there was a lot of carbon dioxide. During the geological stage, the formation of the earth's crust took place, continents appeared, life originated in the ocean and reached its peak there

The second stage is biological. (began approximately a little less than 600 million years ago) The atmosphere and hydrosphere became as they are now. The ozone layer appeared on land, life spread, and soil was formed. Living organisms had a significant influence on the development of the geographical envelope. Rocks of organic origin were formed.

The third anthropogenic (modern) stage began approximately 40 thousand years ago, when man began to have a noticeable impact on nature. Since that time, human influence on nature has become increasingly greater. At the same time, people did not take into account the patterns of development and existence of the geographical shell and have already caused serious harm to it. Many natural complexes have become unsuitable for existence.

Basic patterns of the geographic envelope 1. Unity and integrity 2. Geographic zonality/altitudinal zonation 3. Rhythm 4. Cycle of substances The conservatism of the components of the geographic envelope decreases in the following order: relief climatic phenomena water soil vegetation animal world

Geographical zonality/altitudinal zonality Causes of zonality - the shape and position of the Earth relative to the Sun The law of geographical zonality was formulated in 1899 by V.V. Dokuchaev, the Law of Geographical Zoning was formulated in 1899 by V.V. Dokuchaev Zoning is characteristic of climatic, hydrological, hydrochemical phenomena, soil and vegetation cover Zoning is characteristic of climatic, hydrological, hydrochemical phenomena, soil and vegetation cover

Altitudinal zonality Altitudinal zonality is a natural change in natural conditions and landscapes with altitude. Altitudinal zonality is a natural change in natural conditions and landscapes with altitude. The reason is a change in water and thermal conditions (solar radiation, temperature, precipitation, cloudiness). The reason is a change in water-thermal conditions (solar radiation, temperature, precipitation, cloudiness).

Biosphere: Biosphere. Biosphere (from other Greek life and sphere, ball) - the shell of the Earth populated by living organisms, under their influence and occupied by the products of their vital activity; global ecosystem of the Earth. The biosphere is the shell of the Earth populated by living organisms and transformed by them. The biosphere began to form no later than 3.8 billion years ago, when the first organisms began to emerge on our planet. It penetrates the entire hydrosphere, the upper part of the lithosphere and the lower part of the atmosphere. The biosphere is the totality of all living organisms. It is home to more than 3,000,000 species of plants, animals, fungi and bacteria. Man is also part of the biosphere, his activities surpass many natural processes. There is another, broader definition: Biosphere - the area of ​​distribution of life on a cosmic body. While the existence of life on space objects other than Earth is still unknown, it is believed that the biosphere can extend to them in more hidden areas, for example, in lithospheric cavities or in subglacial oceans. For example, the possibility of the existence of life in the ocean of Jupiter’s satellite Europa is being considered.

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Geographical envelope

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Our planet consists of several shells. The substances that make up the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere move and penetrate each other. The shell of living organisms - the biosphere - also interacts with all other shells. Thus, underground water seeps and accumulates in the lithosphere, air penetrates into it, and living organisms loosen the upper layer of the lithosphere.

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Our planet consists of several shells. The substances that make up the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere move and penetrate each other. The shell of living organisms - the biosphere - also interacts with all other shells. This is how underground water seeps and accumulates in the lithosphere, air penetrates into it, and living organisms loosen the upper layer of the lithosphere.

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properties of GO

The most important properties of GO are the presence of life, the integrity of the shell and the presence of matter in GO in three states (liquid, solid and gaseous). A characteristic feature of the development of GO is rhythm. This is the periodicity and repeatability of the same processes and phenomena over time.

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Cycle of substances

The cycle of matter also occurs in the earth's crust. The biological cycle plays the most important role in the life of GO.

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BIOSPHERE

Organisms live everywhere in the GO; green plants absorb solar energy and form organic substances from inorganic ones.

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The biosphere (from the Greek “sphere of life”) is the shell of the Earth, which is inhabited by living organisms and is transformed by them. For the first time in science, the term “biosphere” appeared in 1875 thanks to the Austrian scientist Eduard Suess (1831-1914).

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Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky

In the 20s In the 20th century, the outstanding Russian scientist, academician Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky (1853-1945) developed the “Doctrine of the Biosphere” - the shell of the Earth inhabited by living organisms. IN AND. Vernadsky extended the concept of the biosphere not only to organisms, but also to the habitat.

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The biosphere is made up of the living matter of the planet, represented by microorganisms, plants, animals and humans.

microorganisms plants animals

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Life on Earth originated more than 3 billion years ago in bodies of water. The first organisms are considered to be blue-green algae. About 400 million years ago, life spread from water to land. Some life forms have survived to this day. Such species are called relict. Relics (from Latin “remains”) are species of animals and plants preserved from faunas and floras that were widespread in the past and have now disappeared.

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Biological cycle of substances on land.

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The water cycle ensures the interaction of the World Ocean with the atmosphere. The atmosphere protects the waters of the World Ocean from strong evaporation and receives moisture evaporating from the surface of the World Ocean. Marine air masses transfer heat and moisture from the ocean to land. On the coasts of the oceans, where there is a constant transfer of sea air mass to land, an oceanic (marine) climate is formed.

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Over the entire history of life on Earth, about half a billion species have existed in the biosphere! Today, biologists count about 2 million species of living beings on the planet. The formation of the biosphere continues today.