Educational information about space that everyone should know. Material on speech development (senior group) on the topic: Quiz “What do you know about space.” Questions for a quiz and multimedia presentation With Pushkin in a backpack

Almost all children are interested in space. Someone only learns for a short time about how the world works. And some - seriously and for a long time, dreaming of one day flying to the Moon or even further, repeating Gagarin’s feat or discovering a new star.

In any case, the child will be interested in learning about what is hiding behind the clouds. About the Moon, about the Sun and stars, about spaceships and rockets, about Gagarin and the Queen. Fortunately, there are many books that will help children, schoolchildren, and even adults discover the Universe. Here are a few excerpts from them:

1. Moon

The Moon is a satellite of the Earth. Astronomers call it that because it is constantly near the Earth. It revolves around our planet and cannot get away from it, because the Earth attracts the Moon to itself. Both the Moon and the Earth are celestial bodies, but the Moon is much smaller than the Earth. The Earth is a planet, and the Moon is its satellite.

Illustration from the book “Fascinating Astronomy”

2. Month

The moon itself does not shine. The glow of the Moon that we see at night is the light of the Sun reflected by the Moon. On different nights, the Sun illuminates the Earth's satellite in different ways.

The Earth, and with it the Moon, revolve around the Sun. If you take a ball and shine a flashlight on it in the dark, then on one side it will appear round because the light of the flashlight falls directly on it. On the other hand, the ball will be dark because it is between us and the light source. And if someone looks at the ball from the side, he will see only part of its surface illuminated.

The flashlight is like the Sun, and the ball is the Moon. And we from Earth look at the Moon on different nights from different points of view. If the light of the Sun falls directly on the Moon, it appears to us as a complete circle. And when the light of the Sun falls on the Moon from the side, we see a month in the sky.

Illustration from the book “Fascinating Astronomy”

3. New moon and full moon

It happens that the moon is not visible in the sky at all. Then we say that the new moon has arrived. It happens every 29 days. On the night following the new moon, a narrow crescent moon appears in the sky, or, as it is also called, a month. Then the crescent begins to grow and gradually turns into a full circle, the moon - the full moon comes.

Then the moon shrinks again, “falls”, until it again turns into a month, and then the month disappears from the sky - the next new moon will come.

Illustration from the book “Fascinating Astronomy”

4. Moon jump

Want to know how far you could jump if you were on the moon? Go out into the yard with chalk and a tape measure. Jump as far as you can, mark your result with chalk and measure the length of your jump with a tape measure. Now measure six more similar segments from your mark. That's what your moonsaults would be like! And all because there is less gravity on the Moon. You will stay in the jump longer and will be able to set a space record. Although, of course, the spacesuit will interfere with your jumping.

Illustration from the book “Fascinating Astronomy”

5. Universe

The only thing we know for sure about our Universe is that it is very, very large. The universe began about 13.7 billion years ago with the Big Bang. Its reason remains one of the most important mysteries of science to this day!

Time passed. The universe expanded in all directions and finally began to take shape. Tiny particles were born from the vortexes of energy. After hundreds of thousands of years, they merged and turned into atoms - the “bricks” that make up everything that we see. At the same time, light appeared and began to move freely in space. But it took hundreds of millions more years before the atoms coalesced into huge clouds from which the first generation of stars was born. As these stars separated into groups to form galaxies, the Universe began to resemble what we see now when we look at the night sky. Now the Universe continues to grow and gets bigger every day!

6. A star is born

Do you think that stars are only visible at night? But no! Our Sun is also a star, but we see it during the day. The Sun is not much different from other stars, it’s just that the other stars are much further from the Earth and therefore seem so small to us.

Stars are formed from clouds of hydrogen gas left over from the Big Bang or from the explosions of other, older stars. Gradually, the force of gravity combines the hydrogen gas into clumps, where it begins to rotate and heat up. This continues until the gas becomes dense and hot enough for the nuclei of the hydrogen atoms to fuse. As a result of this thermonuclear reaction, a flash of light occurs and a star is born.

Illustration from the book “Professor Astrocat and His Journey into Space”

7. Yuri Gagarin

Gagarin was a fighter pilot in the Arctic, then he was selected from hundreds of other military pilots to join the cosmonaut corps. Yuri was an excellent student and was ideal in height, weight and physical fitness. On April 12, 1961, after the famous 108 minutes of flight in space, Gagarin became one of the most famous people in the world.

Illustration from the book “Cosmos”

8. Solar system

The solar system is a very busy place. Eight planets, including our Earth, revolve around the Sun in elliptical (slightly elongated circular) orbits. Another seven are Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Venus, Mars and Mercury. The revolution of each planet lasts differently, from 88 days to 165 years.

“What do you know about space?”

How joyful it is to realize that it is we, the Russians, who are the pioneers of space! And that space is directly connected with our Perm region.

We invited the director of the Solikamsk television company to join us "Phoenix" by Nikolai Leonov, because he is the creator of the film "Space Aliens" which tells about the landing of astronauts in the harsh Ural taiga back in 1965.

Nikolay Leonov told students of grade 8 “B” of secondary school No. 4 about how the idea of ​​​​creating a film arose and how it was made. It is noteworthy that Nikolai Arkadyevich met his famous namesake, cosmonaut Alexei Leonov, while working.

After watching the movie “Space Aliens,” the guys answered the quiz questions “What do you know about space?” and received prizes from STK “Phoenix”.

Some students were interested in the book exhibition “The Time of the First” and enjoyed looking through photo albums dedicated to astronautics.

I would like to thank the director Nikolai Leonov and teacher of secondary school No. 4 Oksana Alexandrovna Bogus for your cooperation.

See you again at the library!

EAT. Elkina, head ICC department

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Space has been exciting people's minds for a long time. Both those who simply love to look at the sky and those who spend time reading astronomy textbooks have many seemingly obvious questions, the answers to which can be quite problematic.

1. Do astronauts wear diapers?

Yes, that's right - during launch, during return to Earth and during all work outside the ship or space station in orbit, astronauts wear diapers. True, astronauts do not call them “diapers,” but “maximum absorbent clothing.”

2. Is it true that you can’t even hear a scream in space?

This is true. Any sound that a person hears is sound waves, which are actually vibrations in the air. There is no air in space, so there is nothing to vibrate there.

3. When will Halley's Comet next appear?

Halley's Comet will be visible from Earth again in 2061. Interestingly, Mark Twain was born during the passage of Halley's Comet and died during its next appearance. During his life, he predicted his death, stating: "We are two inexplicable freaks who came together and must go together."

4. When will people land on Mars?

Today the most realistic date is 2030. One of the main problems of delivering humans to Mars is finances. And it is quite possible that the first on Mars will not be NASA, but the private Space X expedition.

5. Are there really “spy satellites” in orbit?

Unfortunately yes. For example, the last spy satellite was launched in March 2017 by Japan to monitor North Korea.

6. What do the names of the planets of the solar system mean?

With the exception of Earth, all the planets in the solar system were named after the gods and goddesses of Greek and Roman mythology. Pluto was the god of the underworld, Mercury was the messenger of the gods, Venus was the goddess of love and beauty. Uranus, the only planet named after a Greek god, was the god of the sky. Saturn was the Roman god of agriculture, Mars was the god of war; Jupiter, the largest planet in our solar system, was named after the ruler of the gods, and Neptune was the god of the sea.

7. Is there a mysterious “Planet X” in the Solar System?

This is quite likely. NASA has found evidence that a Neptune-sized planet orbits the Sun in an even more distant orbit than Pluto. It should make a full revolution around the Sun in about 10,000 years.

8. What happens to farts in space?

First, the gases won't escape because there is no gravity to force the heavy air down, and there are no air currents to lift them up and disperse them. They will just hang in one place. Fortunately, the suits are equipped with modifications to filter gases.

9. Why do stars seem to twinkle?

This happens because their light must pass through various gases in the Earth's atmosphere. The principle is approximately the same as in the case of water, in which light is refracted and causes the water to “sparkle”.

10. Can blood boil in space without a spacesuit?

Yes. This has to do with how pressure affects the boiling point of a liquid. The lower the pressure, the lower the boiling point because it is easier for molecules to move and change from liquid to gas. Thus, the boiling point of blood can be reduced to the natural body temperature in a vacuum.

11. What is the temperature in space?

It actually varies. For example, near stars it is quite hot and matter instantly evaporates. It's quite cold in the depths of space. For example, on the ISS (without thermal protection) it would be about 121°C on the side facing the Sun and -157°C on the dark side.

12. How much debris is in orbit?

People are incorrigible and begin to litter wherever they appear. There are currently more than 500,000 pieces of "space junk" in Earth's orbit that could cause damage to spacecraft.

13. How many space stations are there?

Currently, there are two similar structures. The International Space Station (or ISS) and Tiangong-1, which belongs to China. While the ISS is always manned, Tiangong-1 is typically not. The ISS was created jointly by Russia, the USA, Japan, Canada and the European Space Agency.

14. How far away is the nearest star (besides the Sun)?

Proxima Centauri is located 4.24 light years from Earth. The best way to visualize this distance is to imagine that the Sun and Proxima Centauri are the size of a grapefruit and are 4,000 kilometers apart (roughly the distance from Moscow to Krasnoyarsk, or from the East Coast of the United States to the West Coast).

15. What other dwarf planets are there in the solar system?

There are five dwarf planets in the solar system: Ceres, Pluto, Eris, Makemake and Haumea. Pluto isn't even the biggest of them all, Eris is 27% larger than Pluto.

The material will help systematize children's knowledge about the planets of the solar system, astronauts, and space technology; develop logical thinking and communication skills, update children's vocabulary on the topic.

Download:

Preview:

Quiz "What do you know about space."

Quiz questions and multimedia presentation.

Target : Systematize and update knowledge about space.

Tasks:

Educational:

Systematize children's knowledge about the planets of the solar system, astronauts, and space technology. Enrich children's vocabulary (spaceport, spacesuit, weightlessness, telescope, etc.)

Developing:

Develop logical thinking and communication skills.

Develop children's intellectual abilities

Improve tempo-rhythmic abilities.

Educational:

Develop cooperation skills.

Create an emotionally supportive atmosphere

Preliminary work:

1. Conversation on the topic.
2. Looking at illustrations.
3. Guessing and interpreting riddles.
4. Reading books.
5. View video and photo materials on the topic.

Progress:

You and I have already learned a lot about space and the astronaut profession,

so I suggest you arrange a quiz game “What do you know about space?” and invite the visiting team to compete with us. For each correct answer the team will receive a star! (multimedia presentation with quiz questions)

1. What do all the planets revolve around?

2. What is the sun?

3. Why are stars so small?

4. Why don't we see stars during the day?

5. What is the name of the third planet from the sun?

6. Which planet is hotter than Earth? Why?

7. Which planet is colder than Earth? Why?

8. Which planet is the largest?

9. What is the Moon?

10. Does the moon revolve around the sun?

11. Why is there day and night on Earth?

12 Why do the seasons change on Earth?...why do winter, spring, summer and autumn replace each other?

13.What is the name of the profession of a person who studies planets and stars? (astronomer)

14. What was this profession called in ancient times? (astrologer)

15. What complex instrument does an astronomer use in his work? (telescope)

Fizminutka: Well done guys, you are doing a good job with the tasks, and now I suggest you take a little rest, play the game “Stargazer” and remember which items will definitely be useful to an astronaut during a flight.

The stars are shining in the sky,(children walk in a circle and sing, standing in a circle

Stars have fun playing.Stargazer and looking through a telescope)

The astrologer counts the stars:

One two three four five!(The stargazer looks through the telescope and counts)

Stargazer, Stargazer

Come play with us!(children converge in the center of the circle

What will the Stargazer show?- and disperse)

Let's guess for ourselves! (The astronaut, without naming, shows the item needed by the astronaut

In flight, children guess, the one who guesses becomes an astronomer)

16. What unusual happens to objects in space?

17. If you spill a glass of water in space, what will happen to it?

Let's imagine that we are now in zero gravity and accidentally spilled a lot of water. The water scattered around the station in the form of balls and we need to catch them all so as not to damage the on-board computer.

Relay game: “Carry the ball in a spoon”

What do we know about space? Most of us cannot answer the simplest questions about this mysterious world, which, despite this, attracts and interests us. This article presents the most interesting general information about space, which will be useful for everyone to know.

• We (all living beings) fly in the space environment at a certain speed, which is 530 km/second. If we take into account the speed of our Earth’s movement in the galaxy, it is equal to 225 km/second. Our galaxy (Milky Way), in turn, moves through space at a speed of 305 km/second.

• A giant space object, the planet Saturn, actually has a relatively small weight. The density of this giant planet is a couple of times lower than that of water. Thus, if you try to drown this cosmic body in water, this will not work.
• If the planet Jupiter were hollow, then all the known planets of our “Solar” planetary system could fit inside it.
• Reducing the frequency of rotation of the planet Earth will move the Moon away from it by approximately four centimeters every year.
• The first “star catalog” was compiled by Hipparchus (an astronomer) in 150 BC.

• When we look at the most distant (faint) stars in the night sky, we see them as they were approximately fourteen billion years ago.
• In addition to our star, we have another nearby star, Prosky Centauri. The distance to this space object is equal to 4.2 light years.
• The "red giant" named "Betelgeuse" has a huge diameter. For comparison, its diameter is a couple of times greater than the orbit of our Earth around the star.
• Every year, the galaxy in which our planetary system is located produces about 40 new stars.
• If one teaspoon (teaspoon) of the substance is removed from the “neutron star”, then the weight of this spoon will be equal to 150 tons.

• The mass of our star is more than 99% of the mass of its entire planetary system.
• The age of the light emitted by our luminary can be equated to only 30 thousand years. It was thirty thousand years ago that a certain energy was formed in the star, which reaches the Earth to this day. By the way, solar photons reach the above-mentioned planet on which we live in just eight seconds.
• The eclipse of our star can last no more than seven and a half minutes. The lunar eclipse, in turn, has a longer duration - 104 minutes.
• The “solar wind” is the cause of the loss of mass of our star. In 1 second, this star loses more than 1 billion kg due to this “wind”. By the way, one “windy particle” can destroy an ordinary person by approaching him at a distance of 160 kilometers.
• If our Earth rotated in a different, opposite direction, then the length of the year would be shorter by a couple of days.
• Every day our planet experiences a “meteor bombardment”. Why don't we see this? Most of the space objects falling on us are very small, so they do not have time to reach the surface and dissolve in our atmosphere.

• Our planet has more than one satellite. Modern scientists have determined that four objects are flying around it at once. Of course, the most famous of them is the Moon. Besides it, there is an asteroid flying around us (diameter 5 kilometers), which was discovered in 1896. To be more precise, this object rotates around the star, but with a certain frequency, the same as ours. That's why he is always near us. It is impossible to see it with the naked eye.
• The condensation of “cosmic matter” is the reason for the periodic increase in the mass of our planet. Every 500 years its mass increases by about one billion tons.
• Ursa Major is not a constellation, as many people believe. In reality, this is an “asterism” - a visual cluster of stars that are quite impressively distant from each other. Some Ursa Ursa stars are even located in different galactic formations.

Initially, the planet Uranus, discovered by W. Herschel in 1781, was called “George’s Star.” This was ordered by George III, who wanted the last discovered planet of the “Solar System” to be named after him.

If two parts of a meteorite come into contact in outer space, they are welded together. If this happens on our native planet, then they will not unite, since on our planet it is common for metals to oxidize. The equipment that astronauts use while working outside the space station spontaneously oxidizes on Earth, so it does not stick together in space.

Satellite devices created by engineers during flight in space obey certain physical laws, which were first described by Newton.

Since 1980, areas of our companion, the Moon, have been officially sold, and they cost a lot. To date, about seven percent of the natural satellite's surface has been sold. The cost of forty acres now is no more than $150. The lucky person who bought the plot receives a certificate and photographs of his “lunar land”.

• In 1992, the official couple Jen and Mark went into space. To this day, they are considered the first and only spouses to visit space together. The couple flew into space on the ship Endever.
• All those who have been in space for a certain time (1-2 months) grow by about five centimeters due to spinal stretching, which then, after returning to Earth, can negatively affect their health.
• A satellite orbital system can photograph three million square kilometers of the Earth in half an hour, an airplane in twelve years, a person manually in approximately 100 years.
• In 2001, they conducted an interesting experiment, after which they found out that astronauts who snore at home in outer space lose this bad habit.