Symptoms of cervicitis of the cervix. Cervicitis of the cervix: causes, symptoms, treatment Bacterial cervicitis

Most women experience inflammatory diseases of the genital organs. The structural features of the female reproductive system are such that the infection quickly spreads from the vagina to the internal genital organs. Cervicitis develops into inflammation of the endometrium and ovaries. Often the consequences are pregnancy complications or even infertility. Chronic inflammation causes precancerous disease. It is important to strengthen your immune system, use contraception wisely, and be regularly examined by a doctor to protect yourself from such dangers.

The epithelium of the cervical canal (endocervix), connecting the uterine cavity with the vagina, differs in structure from the epithelium lining the part of the cervix that is located directly in the vagina (exocervix). Depending on which part of the cervix the inflammation occurs in, endocervicitis and exocervicitis are distinguished, respectively.

The age of women who develop cervical cervicitis in 70% of cases is 20-40 years, and only 30% of women are those who have reached menopause.

The disease must be treated, since when it becomes chronic, the walls of the uterus thicken and the lumen of the cervical canal narrows. This may cause infertility. The spread of inflammation into the tubes and ovaries also leads to the inability to conceive, the occurrence of ectopic pregnancy, and hormonal disorders.

The danger of cervicitis in pregnant women

Cervicitis is associated with the destruction of the mucous plug that protects the uterus from infection from the vagina. The likelihood of illness and the transition of the inflammatory process to a chronic form increases due to the inevitable decrease in immunity during this period (this prevents fetal rejection).

If pregnant women have cervicitis, the risk of complications such as miscarriage and premature birth increases. Infection of the fetus is possible, which leads to abnormal development, the appearance of deformities, intrauterine death, and death of the newborn in the first months of life.

Cervicitis poses a greater threat in the early stages of pregnancy, when organs and systems are being formed in the fetus. Most often, a woman has a miscarriage. If acute cervicitis occurs in the middle or end of pregnancy, the child may develop hydrocephalus, kidney disease and other organs. Therefore, when planning a pregnancy, a woman should be cured of cervicitis in advance and strengthen her immune system. Treatment is mandatory, as the risk of complications is very high.

Video: The danger of sexually transmitted infections during pregnancy

Causes of cervicitis

The inflammatory process in the cervix can be infectious in nature or occur for reasons not related to the penetration of microbes and viruses.

Infectious causes of infection

The cervix separates the sterile uterine cavity from the vagina, the microflora of which normally contains beneficial lactobacilli and opportunistic microorganisms. Beneficial lactic acid bacteria create a healthy environment that prevents the proliferation of pathogens. The causes of cervicitis of infectious origin are:

1. Reproduction of opportunistic bacteria. Opportunistic pathogens are microorganisms that are always present in the human intestines and genitourinary organs in small quantities without causing harm. But under certain conditions, they begin to multiply uncontrollably, which leads to disease. These include, for example, staphylococci, streptococci, E. coli, fungi, gardnerella. They cause inflammation of the vulva and vagina, spreading to the cervix. The infection can enter the vagina directly from the rectum and urinary organs.
2. Infection with human papilloma viruses and genital herpes.
3. Infection with sexually transmitted infections (Trichomonas, gonorrhea pathogens, mycoplasmas, chlamydia and others).

Non-infectious causes of cervicitis

Such reasons include:

• prolapse of the cervix and vagina;
• cervical injuries (ruptures during childbirth or abortion, as well as damage during curettage and cauterization, causing scar formation);
• failure to comply with hygiene rules, use of inappropriate hygiene products;
• frequent douching with solutions that cause overdrying of the mucous membrane and disruption of the microflora;
• changes in the composition of the mucous membrane when using hormonal replacement therapy drugs or contraceptives;
• pseudo-erosion of the cervix, that is, the movement of columnar epithelial cells of the cervical canal into the area of ​​squamous epithelium of the vaginal cervix. This happens during abortion, childbirth or surgery.

Decreased immunity, the presence of tumor diseases, and uncontrolled use of antibiotics contribute to the occurrence of cervical inflammation.

Video: Diagnosis and treatment of cervicitis

Types and forms of cervicitis

There are different types of cervicitis of the cervix.

Purulent cervicitis. Sources of inflammation include gonococci, ureaplasma, and trachoma bacilli. The infection is sexually transmitted and affects the mucous membrane of the cervical canal (cylindrical epithelium). If columnar cells are displaced into the area of ​​squamous epithelium (cervical ectopia appears), then the purulent process spreads to the displaced areas. The process may also affect the stroma that separates the mucosa from the muscles. The infection spreads to other pelvic organs and causes inflammation.

Viral cervicitis. Inflammation is caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV) or the causative agent of genital herpes (specific infections). Papillomas or herpes can occur both inside the cervical canal and on the vaginal surface of the cervix. A characteristic symptom is severe itching in the cervix and pain in the lower abdomen. Most often, this type of cervicitis occurs in women of childbearing age who are sexually active.

Bacterial cervicitis. The process of inflammation spreads to all parts of the mucous membrane of the cervix: both internal and vaginal segments. The cause is bacterial vaginosis, that is, the development of opportunistic bacteria in the vagina due to a lack of beneficial lactic acid bacteria in the microflora. With this disease there is no danger of infecting a sexual partner. However, if a sexually transmitted infection also enters the vagina, the disease becomes purulent.

Atrophic cervicitis. This is the name for a type of disease in which there is a decrease in the thickness of the mucous membranes of the cervix (atrophy). The causes of this process can be both specific (gonococcus, trichomonas, herpes virus and HPV) and nonspecific infections (staphylococci, streptococci).

In addition, cervicitis of this type occurs due to traumatic damage to the mucous membrane during abortion or curettage.

Cystic cervicitis. Inflammation of the glands located in the cylindrical epithelium occurs, an increase in its volume, the formation of many cysts in the mucosa and damage to its surface. This type is an advanced stage of the disease, in which a combination of different types of infection is observed.

The disease often occurs in an acute form with pronounced symptoms. If left untreated, the inflammation becomes chronic, spreads to the glands and affects the mucous membrane deeper. At the same time, treatment is complicated by the fact that the external signs of the disease are smoothed out, and it is more difficult to diagnose cervicitis. Often it can be detected only at a late stage, when the inflammation spreads to the uterine appendages.

Symptoms and signs of cervicitis

In some cases, even acute cervicitis is difficult to notice, since it occurs without pain or other obvious symptoms. However, in severe form, acute inflammation can cause the appearance of profuse purulent discharge with an unpleasant odor. There is a nagging pain in the lower abdomen, in the lower back. Bloody discharge appears, especially after sexual intercourse, which also becomes painful. Itching is felt in the genitals. Possible increased body temperature, nausea and dizziness. There is frequent painful urination.

Signs of the disease in the acute stage are swelling and redness of the mucous membrane on the surface of the vaginal segment of the cervix. Upon examination, a protrusion of the mucous membrane of the cervical canal into the outer area is detected. There are small hemorrhages and ulcers on it.

When the disease becomes chronic, the discharge becomes less abundant, as the production of mucus by the glands of the cervical canal is disrupted. Cloudy discharge contains blood. A woman feels constant aching pain in her lower back.

The severity of the disease depends on the type of infection. When infected with gonococci, the manifestations, for example, are stronger than with chlamydia. If the occurrence of cervicitis is associated with the herpes virus, then on the mucous membrane there are individual ulcers, loose areas of bright red color.

In the presence of chronic cervicitis, swelling of the mucous membrane decreases. It is possible that the outer epithelium of the cervix may move into the cervical canal. The color of the mucous membrane is bright pink. Cysts and blisters containing lymph and blood are detected. Inflammation spreads to neighboring tissues.

Diagnosis of cervicitis

Since obvious symptoms of cervicitis of the cervix may be absent, regular visits to the doctor for preventive purposes are of great importance for the timely detection and diagnosis of this disease.

The following methods are used for the examination:

1. Examination of the cervix using speculum. At the same time, they notice a change in the color of the vaginal segment of the cervix, the presence of purulent plaque, hemorrhages, ulcers, as well as the appearance of edema.
2. Tests of a smear from the cervix for examination under a microscope and detection of infectious agents in it.
3. Bacteriological culture of the contents of the smear, which allows you to determine the type of microbes and sensitivity to antibacterial drugs.
4. PCR and ELISA. These methods of smear examination can determine the presence of pathogens of specific infections and estimate their quantity.
5. Colposcopy. By optical magnification and illumination of the vagina and cervical canal using a colposcope, the condition of the mucous membranes is studied.
6. Laboratory analysis of a smear for the content of leukocytes, erythrocytes and lymphocytes allows us to assess the degree of inflammation of a non-infectious nature.

In the chronic stage of cervicitis, destroyed epithelial cells are found in the smear. Additionally, general blood tests and a smear for leukocytes, as well as an HIV test, are performed.

Video: In what cases are different smear tests used?

Treatment of cervicitis

Treatment of cervicitis consists of eliminating the causes of the disease, fighting inflammation and strengthening the body's defenses.

Antibiotics, antiviral and antifungal drugs are used to destroy pathogens. When a papilloma virus is detected in a woman’s body, special attention is paid to treatment, since damage to the genital organs is more likely to lead to the formation of malignant tumors. First of all, immunomodulator drugs (interferon, cycloferon, immunal) are prescribed.

Vaccines, tablets and ointments are used to clear the mucous membrane of papillomas. However, there is a risk of relapse, so women are advised to undergo regular gynecological examinations.

Often the only way to get rid of papillomas is through surgery. This treatment is often used to eliminate chronic cervicitis of any nature. Methods such as laser destruction, cryotherapy, chemical cauterization, electrical destruction, and radio wave coagulation are used.

Sometimes the treatment of cervicitis requires simultaneous elimination of urological diseases.

Note: If the cause of inflammation of the mucous membrane is sexually transmitted infections, then the woman’s sexual partner should be treated at the same time.

In order to speed up the restoration of the mucous membrane and improve hormonal levels, estrogen and progesterone preparations are used.

After eliminating the inflammation, products containing beneficial bacteria necessary to maintain the normal composition of the vaginal microflora are prescribed. Lactobacterin, Kipferon suppositories, as well as gynoflor vaginal tablets are used.

Video: Cervical diseases in the presence of human papillomavirus. Cervical treatment methods

Prevention of cervicitis

The most important preventive measures to reduce the likelihood of cervicitis are proper hygienic care of the external genitalia and the use of condoms during sexual intercourse. Properly selected contraceptives help avoid abortion, possible injury to the cervix and infection. It is necessary to treat intestinal and urological diseases in a timely manner.

In recent years, there has been a pronounced tendency towards an increase in cases of female infertility. Many patients are faced with the fact that the cause of reproductive system problems is inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs. Most often, doctors have to treat cervicitis. This pathology is extremely dangerous because in the initial stages of development it is almost impossible to suspect it: up to 90% of cases are detected during a random examination. That is why doctors recommend devoting more time to the rules of individual prevention and carefully taking care of your health.

What is cervicitis of the cervix

Cervicitis is an inflammatory disease of an infectious or non-infectious nature, which is accompanied by damage to the mucous membrane of the cervix. Women of any age suffer from this pathology, but there are also vulnerable groups of the population:

• teenagers during the period of menstruation;
• pregnant women;
• persons who have undergone surgery in the cervical area;
• patients after radiation or chemotherapy.

"Cervix" in Latin means cervix, and the ending "itis" means inflammation. That is why pathology is called this way.

What types of disease are there?

Classification of cervicitis according to the nature of the course:

• acute (intensive increase in symptoms over 1–2 days);
• subacute (smooth onset, duration 2–4 weeks);
• chronic (smoothed course for more than six months with periodic deterioration).

Types of disease according to the reason that caused it:

• infectious (pathogenic microflora such as fungi, protozoa, bacteria, viruses);
• non-infectious (triggered by injury, radiation, taking pharmaceuticals, poisoning).

Classification of infectious cervicitis according to the nature of microorganisms:

• nonspecific - under the influence of microbes that normally live in the human body (Candida, staphylococcus, streptococcus, E. coli);
• specific - when pathogens are introduced into the body that are not found in a healthy person (chlamydia, ureaplasma, mycoplasma, amoeba, herpes virus).

Varieties of the disease according to the localization of the focus of altered cells:

• endocervicitis (inner surface of the cervix);
• exocervicitis (outer part of the cervix).

Classification of pathology according to morphological changes in the mucous membrane:

• cystic (formation of cavities containing clear liquid);
• lymphocytic (infiltration of the mucosa by lymphocyte cells);
• atrophic (death of the upper layer of soft tissue with the formation of inflammatory segments);
• herpetic (appearance of pathological rashes in the form of blisters).

Forms of the disease according to the severity of clinical manifestations:

• minimal (virtually no symptoms);
• moderate (more intense symptoms);
• maximum (intoxication of the body and severe damage to the mucous membrane of the cervix).

Video: doctor talks about the disease

Why does cervicitis occur?

The inflammatory process is formed against the background of penetration of pathogenic microorganisms (bacteria, viruses or fungi) into the mucous membrane. They enter the human body through unprotected sexual intercourse, using other people's hygiene products, or from another source of infection (carious tooth, abscess, phlegmon). Gradually, microbes multiply and accumulate, forming toxins. This contributes to the formation of pathological discharge. If cervicitis is non-infectious, the mucous membrane is affected mainly mechanically.

Factors that increase the likelihood of developing the disease:

• promiscuity;
• performing surgical procedures, dressings and manipulations in the cervical area;
• difficult childbirth with ruptures or abortions with curettage of the mucous membrane;
• intrauterine contraceptive devices (spiral);
• scar deformities;
• intense sexual intercourse;
• abnormal development of the genital organs;
• primary or secondary immune deficiencies;
• uncontrolled use of antibacterial and hormonal drugs;
• obesity and sedentary lifestyle;
• inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs;
• disruption of normal blood circulation in the vessels of the lower half of the body ().

The main symptomatic manifestations of the pathology

Cervicitis in 90% of cases develops gradually. Signs of the disease slowly and steadily increase, forcing the patient to seek medical help. If you have not encountered a similar illness before, it will be extremely difficult to suspect it yourself. Cervicitis is characterized by:

1. Formation of pathological discharge. They are toxic products of the activity of microorganisms in combination with dying cells of the mucous membrane. The discharge is yellow, brown or green in color and may contain blood in case of massive vascular damage. The smell and consistency depend on the pathogenic microflora that caused the inflammatory process.
2. Pain during sexual intercourse and increased sensitivity. The soft tissues of the vagina and cervix react sharply to even minor impacts, which causes women discomfort. With physical exertion or stress, this symptom intensifies. Painful sensations of aching and pulling nature may also be present at rest, which is an unfavorable prognostic sign.
3. Swelling and redness of soft tissues. When the inflammatory process moves beyond the cervix, the mucous membrane of the vagina and external genitalia is affected. They turn red and increase in size, which also indicates an acute course of the pathology.
4. The syndrome of general intoxication is typical for massive lesions of the cervix. Patients complain of fever up to 38–39 degrees, periodic chills, weakness, sleep disturbances, headaches and dizziness. 70% of victims experience nausea and vomiting not associated with meals. Doctors explain this as the body's reaction to damage to soft tissues under the influence of microbial toxins.

Photo gallery: changes in the mucous membrane of the cervix with cervicitis

Damage to the cervix is ​​accompanied by pathological discharge During the inflammatory process, protrusion of the mucous membrane occurs Upon examination, you can see redness and swelling of the soft tissues due to inflammation

Cervicitis and pregnancy

The inflammatory process in the cervix is ​​a serious threat not only for those who want to become a mother, but also for women who are already bearing offspring. During pregnancy, intense hormonal changes occur in a girl's body, as a result of which the immune system becomes more vulnerable to harmful environmental factors. Even fleeting contact with pathogenic bacteria, fungi or viruses is sufficient for infection.

Cervicitis during pregnancy is much more severe: women experience intense pain in the uterus and vagina, and the child behaves extremely restlessly. The placenta (baby place), through which the baby receives nutrients, is also permeable to most pathogenic microorganisms. This often leads to infection of the fetus and various complications of pregnancy and childbirth:

• miscarriage: spontaneous abortions and miscarriages in late and early stages;
• placental insufficiency and oxygen deficiency;
• labor abnormalities (low or high uterine tone);
• delayed growth and development of the child.

Methods for diagnosing cervicitis of the cervix

If you suspect an inflammatory process, you should immediately seek help from the hospital. At the initial examination, only changes in the external and internal genital organs (swelling, redness, presence of discharge) can be detected. Symptoms of cervicitis are similar to other diseases:

• candidiasis;
• ureaplasmosis;
• gonorrhea;
• trichomoniasis;
• colpitis;
• endometritis;
• syphilis;
• herpes virus.

Do not forget that 4 hours before visiting the doctor and taking tests, it is forbidden to wash or douche the vagina, as this contributes to the appearance of unreliable results. I participated in the treatment of a patient whom doctors were unable to diagnose in time for this reason. An hour before going to the gynecologist, the victim douched her vagina with an antiseptic solution. This led to the destruction of most of the secretions contaminated with microbes. The smear data showed a negative result, while in fact the woman had chronic cervicitis. It was possible to identify the disease several months later, when the symptoms became more than obvious.

Methods used to confirm the diagnosis:

Which doctor should I contact?

If you have been suffering from symptoms of a disease that resembles cervicitis for a long time, you need to visit a gynecologist. It is he who will prescribe all the necessary examinations and help confirm or refute the diagnosis. In the event that there is no such doctor, it is permissible to visit a dermatovenerologist and take smears in his office, which reveal pathogenic microflora.

Various treatment options for the disease

Therapy for cervicitis begins with the use of medications. For uncomplicated forms of the disease, doctors use gentle remedies that are easily excreted by the kidneys and utilized by the liver. If the disease exists in the body for quite a long time, more powerful and heavier drugs are used that have maximum effect. In cases where cervicitis cannot be treated with medication, doctors decide on the need for surgery. During the recovery stages, physiotherapeutic procedures of various types are widely used.

Use of Pharmaceuticals

Drug therapy for cervicitis involves the use of medications that eliminate symptoms and are responsible for fighting the pathogen. The first group includes etiotropic drugs, most of which are sold only with a doctor's prescription. Many of the medications are used for topical administration in the form of ointments, gels, suppositories, and douching solutions.

Do not forget that the duration of the therapeutic course and the specifics of the use of medications are determined only by a gynecologist. Self-administration can lead to uncontrollable consequences.

Drugs for etiotropic treatment of cervicitis:

1. Antibiotics are used to fight bacteria that cause inflammation. They contribute to the death of harmful microbes and prevent their further development. Most often, Keflex, Claforan, Rocephin, Fortum, Vancomycin, Augmentin, Rondomycin, Tienam, Teicoplanin, Primaxin, Imipenem, Caten, Cefoperazone, Ceftriaxone, Ceclor, Cefalotin, Maxipim, Vancocin, Chloramphenicol, Sintomycin, Tobramycin are used for this purpose.
2. Antiviral agents destroy viral microflora and strengthen the body's immunity. These include Oxolin, Metisazone, Saquinavir, Poludan, Megosin, Cycloferon, Foscanet, Neviapine, Stavudi, Zerit, Azidothymidine, Midantan, Arbidol.
3. Antifungal drugs kill various fungi, which also cause the development of cervicitis. For this purpose, Miconazole, Pimafucin, Griseofulvin, Natamycin, Naftifin, Fetimin, Nitrofungin, Batrafen, Ciclopirox, Clotrimazole, Decamine, Fluconazole, Terbinafine, Nizoral are used.

Photo gallery: etiotropic drugs to combat cervical inflammation

Augmentin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic to fight bacteria Cycloferon causes the death of viruses and strengthens the immune system Pimafucin effectively fights fungus

Means for the symptomatic treatment of cervicitis:

1. Douching solutions cleanse the vagina of excess secretions and prepare it for the introduction of suppositories or creams. This group includes the antiseptics Furacilin, potassium permanganate, Chlorhexidine or Miramistin.
2. Anti-inflammatory drugs help fight itching, burning, pathological discharge and swelling. Some of them also have an analgesic effect. The most commonly used are Tamoxifen, Nurofen, Ibuklin, Ortofen, Aspirin, Naproxen, Naprosyn, Indomethacin, Methindol, Ponstan.
3. Medicines to normalize the microflora of the vaginal mucosa are used together with etiotropic therapy. They revive beneficial bacteria that independently eliminate the infection. For this purpose, Vaginorm-S, Atsilakt, Lactonorm, Lactobacterrin, Vagilak are used.

Photo gallery: symptomatic treatment of cervicitis

Nurofen reduces pain Vagilak softens the mucous membrane Chlorhexidine has antiseptic properties

Table: physiotherapy to combat the disease

Photo gallery: physiotherapy used in the inflammatory process

Ultrasound therapy causes the death of many microbes Drug electrophoresis allows you to quickly and effectively introduce the desired drug into tissues UHF therapy effectively combats the manifestations of the disease

Surgical treatment of cervicitis of the cervix

If conservative therapy does not bring the expected result within several months, doctors decide to perform one operation or another. Indications for this type of treatment are:

• long-term pain syndrome;
• pregnancy planning;
• large affected area.

There are several types of surgery that differ in their technique:

1. Application of laser cauterization. Laser beams are directed into the area where the inflammatory focus is located. They destroy damaged cells and cause the formation of a dense scab on the surface of the mucous membrane, under which healing occurs. The cauterization itself is performed under anesthesia and lasts from 10 to 15 minutes.
2. Cryosurgical procedure. A special device containing liquid nitrogen is inserted into the vagina. Its temperature is extremely low, as a result of which the device itself cools and cauterizes soft tissue. The procedure is carried out in 2 stages with a difference of 3-5 minutes, which allows you to destroy dead areas. Recovery from this treatment method is faster, which is associated with less damage to the mucous membrane.

Traditional recipes as an aid

If you do not have the opportunity to visit a doctor in the near future, and the symptoms of cervicitis continue to cause inconvenience, it is permissible to use decoctions, infusions and baths based on medicinal plants and herbs. Many of them have an extremely low cost and are sold in any pharmacy, which makes such methods very popular. But do not forget that almost all folk remedies have a temporary effect and do not help get rid of the cause of cervicitis - pathogenic microorganisms. Therefore, doctors prohibit traditional treatment.

Traditional recipes, like medications, have contraindications for use. Most often in my practice I have encountered the phenomena of individual intolerance to a particular substance. One woman who suffered from inflammation of the cervix, on the recommendation of a friend, decided to douche with a solution of celandine. After preparing the product and washing the vagina, within a few minutes she developed Quincke's edema. This is an acute allergic reaction to the components of the mixture, which is accompanied by redness of the soft tissues and a sharp spasm of the vocal cords. It was possible to save the patient from death only thanks to the administration of adrenaline. That is why all doctors advise first to test your sensitivity to the substance by applying a small amount to the skin. If there is no reaction, it is permissible to continue using this method.

The most popular folk recipes for combating cervicitis:

1. Mix 100 grams of chopped plantain with the same amount of burdock. Place the resulting powder in a bowl of boiling water and wait until it cools to an acceptable temperature. Immerse your lower body in this bath and spend 10-15 minutes in it. Plantain in combination with burdock have pronounced healing properties and eliminate existing cracks and tears in the mucous membrane. It is recommended to use this method 2-5 times a week before bed.
2. Grate the bar of laundry soap on a fine grater and pour into a clean jar. Stir one tablespoon of chips in a container with 0.5 liters of warm water. Draw the solution into a syringe and rinse the vagina several times. Laundry soap creates an environment unfavorable for the reproduction and further growth of pathogenic microorganisms. The danger of frequent use of such a remedy is that it dries out the mucous membrane: that is why it is used once a week.
3. Dissolve 50 grams of calendula in a glass of boiling water and cover with a saucer. After 10–15 minutes, remove the remaining raw materials using a sieve and draw the solution into a syringe. Rinse several times. Calendula is the best natural anti-inflammatory remedy that relieves swelling, relieves itching and unpleasant discharge. The procedure should be performed daily before bed to achieve maximum results.

Photo gallery: basic folk remedies to combat the disease

Plantain improves soft tissue regeneration Soap creates an alkaline environment where germs die
Calendula reduces inflammation

Treatment prognosis and possible complications of pathology

Any inflammatory diseases pose a serious threat to the body, since microbes are easily transferred through the bloodstream to other places. That is why, with a long course of cervicitis without specific therapy, various complications arise. On average, it takes from 2 to 7 months to treat such an illness, and it takes several years to completely restore and rehabilitate the body. The success of therapy largely depends on the age of the victim, the presence of other acute or chronic infections (ureaplasmosis, candidiasis, syphilis, genital herpes).

Doctors advise postponing pregnancy for several years after suffering from cervicitis. This will allow the female body to adapt to the stress and bear a healthy baby.

Compliance with a special regime during treatment plays an important role. I have encountered one patient who suffered from manifestations of chronic cervicitis for 2 years. The doctor prescribed a course of therapy, consisting of taking medications and suppositories inserted into the vagina. During the treatment period, it was necessary to maintain sexual rest so as not to irritate the mucous membrane and not cause additional infection. Unfortunately, the patient did not comply with this rule, as a result of which another partner infected her with gonorrhea. In damaged tissues, pathogenic microorganisms began to develop much more actively, and inflammation spread to neighboring areas. The woman was urgently taken to the gynecology department and operated on. Due to the infection, adhesions formed over several years - areas of connective substance that disrupted the normal process of conception. The patient was unable to get pregnant on her own for a long time, after which she resorted to in vitro fertilization surgery.

What complications may occur in patients with cervicitis:

• reproductive dysfunction (temporary or permanent infertility);
• the formation of polyps - growths on the mucous membrane of the uterus;
• the formation of acute or chronic urinary tract infection (cystitis, urethritis,);
• pain during sexual intercourse;
• transition of the inflammatory process to the uterine cavity (myometritis, endometritis) or to the area of ​​the ovaries and tubes;
• the occurrence of septic shock when microbes penetrate the systemic bloodstream and their further migration throughout the body.

Photo gallery: unpleasant consequences of cervicitis

A polyp is a protrusion of the mucous membrane into the lumen The adhesive process leads to female infertility Cystitis - inflammation of the mucous membrane of the bladder Erosion is damage to the cellular layer in the cervical area

How to protect yourself from illness

Cervicitis is a fairly common pathology that leads to disruption of the reproductive functions of the female body. That is why many obstetrician-gynecologists make its prevention their direct task. For this purpose, anonymous health rooms are being created at various hospitals and clinics, where everyone can get a full consultation on an issue of interest and get tested.

While studying at medical university, I had the opportunity to participate in organizing seminars in gynecology, which were devoted to the problem of early infertility. For this, doctors selected more than 200 case histories of patients aged 18 to 30 years old who could not have children for some reason. During the analysis of the data obtained, it was found that 60% of them suffered from acute or chronic cervicitis, but did not consult a doctor. Doctors decided to organize a portable gynecological service in the form of a car with special equipment, where each patient can undergo examination. In the first few months, such a machine traveled to a couple of dozen schools, colleges and universities; many girls were able to get tested without any unnecessary queues. Using this method, many cases of cervicitis at the initial stage were identified, and specific treatment and restoration of reproductive health were started. After six months, almost all the patients were able to forget about the existing problem once and for all and have healthy offspring. Doctors decided to arrange such checks in combination with an annual preventive medical examination, which made it possible to detect other inflammatory diseases.

Rules for individual prevention of cervicitis:

1. Choose the right way to protect yourself from unwanted pregnancy. Most inflammatory diseases of the reproductive system are a consequence of abortion. During these procedures, the mucous membrane is significantly damaged and sensitivity to microbial influences increases. That is why doctors strongly advise avoiding such interventions. To protect against unwanted pregnancy, suppositories, implants, the Nuvaring ring, hormonal contraceptives in pill form or condoms are used. The latter are recommended for use during sexual intercourse with a new partner: latex reliably protects against the penetration of pathogenic microorganisms that cause inflammation in the cervix.
2. Follow the rules of personal hygiene. During menstruation, it is necessary to change the tampon or pad every 2-3 hours to prevent the development of bacteria in the thick layer of cotton wool. In the morning and evening, you need to wash your face using gentle intimate hygiene products. This will allow you to maintain cleanliness of the perineum and external genitalia throughout the day.
3. Don't forget to watch your diet. An abundance of fatty, fried, smoked and salty foods is a serious blow to the body. Many sweets, savory snacks, carbonated drinks, processed foods and fast food contain harmful additives and flavor enhancers that slow down your metabolism. That is why patients with such a diet have a much greater predisposition to the development of inflammatory diseases. Doctors advise eating small portions and eating a lot of fresh vegetables, fruits, berries, cereals and lean meats, dairy products.
4. Play sports and try to lead an active lifestyle. Constantly being in a forced position causes blood stagnation in the pelvic area. Various exercises help improve fluid circulation through the vessels, as a result of which the organs of the reproductive system receive the necessary amount of oxygen and nutrients. It is recommended to exercise in the gym 2-3 times a week, or choose another sport for yourself: swimming, tennis, active ball games. An alternative is dancing, yoga, and gymnastics. If you don’t have any time to visit the gym, you need to set aside 5-10 minutes during the day and do a light warm-up.

Cervicitis is one of the common female diseases.

Prompt treatment when detected is very important.

Since it leads to changes in the structure of the uterus, which can provoke negative consequences.

It manifests itself as inflammation of the cervix, to put it in simple and understandable language. The cervix, due to its structural features, creates a protective barrier from the vagina to the uterus.

When exposed to certain factors, an inflammatory process called cervicitis starts in the cervix. A woman experiences atypical discharge and short-term or prolonged pain in the lower abdomen. These pains become worse when going to the toilet or having sexual intercourse.

This disease occurs in middle-aged and young women, less often during menopause.

Types of disease

Cervicitis has the following types: purulent, viral, bacterial, cystic and atrophic. Each type has its own symptoms and its own specific treatment methods.

Purulent

The causative agents are ureaplasma, gonococcus and trachoma bacilli. Infection occurs through unprotected sexual intercourse. Damage to the mucous membrane of the cervical duct begins. The inflammation process can reach the stroma, which separates the muscles from the mucosa. The infection then affects the rest of the female genital organs.

Viral

Inflammation begins due to the human papillomavirus or genital herpes. These formations can be located inside the uterine cervix or on its surface. The woman is worried about itching in the cervix and abdominal pain. It is more often found in women who have an active sex life.

Bacterial

Inflammation covers the entire cervix. The cause is bacterial vaginosis. But if any infection gets into the vagina, there is a possibility that the disease will develop into a purulent form of cervicitis.

Atrophic

With this type, narrowing of the mucous membranes of the cervix (atrophy) begins to occur. The cause is specific infections (gonococcus, HPV, herpes virus and Trichomonas) and nonspecific (streptococci and staphylococci). Injuries received during abortion and curettage also cause this type of disease.

Cystic

With this cervicitis, inflammation of the glands that are located in the cylindrical epithelium begins, and multiple cysts form in the mucous membrane. This is already a very advanced stage of the disease, at which a combination of different types of this infection can occur.

Causes of the disease

Inflammation in the internal or external part of the uterine cervix begins after the infection penetrates the mucous membrane. At the same time, the thick protective mucus begins to liquefy, and inflammation forms.

Pathogenic microflora (chlamydia, gonococci, trichomonas, treponemas and other pathogens) can penetrate the cervix during sexual intercourse. Through blood and lymph from other organs, penetration of conditionally pathogenic microorganisms (Escherichia coli, staphylococci, streptococci and fungi) can occur.

The causes of cervicitis include various diseases in which general and local immunity is reduced:

1. Urogenital infections that are transmitted through sexual contact.
2. Diseases of an autoimmune and rheumatic nature.
3. Hormonal disorders.
4. Allergic reaction to contraceptives (spermicides and latex).
5. Abortion and uterine curettage.
6. Ruptures of the uterine cervix during childbirth (it is very important that all ruptures are properly sutured).
7. Promiscuity and early sexual life.
8. Lack of personal hygiene (incorrect use of tampons and failure to remove the IUD in time).
9. After severe infections, immunodeficiency due to HIV.
10. Douching with solutions that cause dryness of the vaginal mucosa and lead to disruption of the microflora.
11. Systematic and uncontrolled use of antibiotics.
12. The presence of neoplasms in a woman.

Cervicitis itself rarely occurs. More often it is combined with other diseases in the female genital area: pseudo-erosion, colpitis, bartholinitis and others.

Symptoms

There are two variants of the course of the disease. The first is completely without any symptoms. The second one has certain characteristics.

The symptoms that appear directly depend on the pathogen.

The mild form is characterized by the absence of expressed complaints. There may be some slight vaginal discharge.

The main signs of cervicitis:

• pain in the abdominal area (at the very bottom);
• discharge with blood streaks or pus that is not related to menstruation;
• mucus discharge is cloudy;
• feeling of discomfort during sexual intercourse;
• increasing pain during menstruation (which was not observed before).

Some patients experience more serious symptoms:

• bleeding;
• itching in the vagina;
• pain and bleeding during sexual intercourse;
• When urinating, a strong burning sensation is felt.

In addition, women with cervicitis note temporary or permanent discomfort in the pelvic area.

In the acute form and severe course of the disease, fever, dizziness, nausea and vomiting are observed.

With the development of gonorrheal cervicitis, vaginal discharge becomes yellow. With trichomoniasis, foamy skin appears. The human papillomavirus can cause the growth of condylomas and cervical ulcers of various sizes.

Diagnostic methods

In the absence of obvious symptoms of cervicitis, it is very difficult to diagnose it on time. For its timely detection and diagnosis, it is very important to visit a gynecologist for the purpose of prevention.

The following methods are used for diagnosis:

1. Examination by a gynecologist using mirrors. The doctor pays attention to the color of the vaginal segment of the cervix, its changes, the presence of purulent formation, bloody discharge, ulcers and swelling.
2. Taking a smear for microscopic examination to determine the infection and its causative agents.
3. Colposcopy is performed using a colcoscope, with optical intensification and illumination of the mucous membranes of the cervix and vagina. With this method, it is possible to clearly examine all foci of the disease and diagnose them. During this procedure, pieces of tissue are often taken from suspicious formations for histology.
4. Bacteriological culture of a vaginal smear taken. This method determines the vaginal flora and its sensitivity to antibiotics.
5. PCR. This method detects the DNA of the virus and its quantity in the research material. This method is used to detect mycoplasmosis and chlamydia.
6. Analysis of a smear taken in the laboratory for the number of red blood cells, white blood cells and lymphocytes. Shows the degree of inflammatory process of non-infectious origin.

Cervicitis during pregnancy

The disease destroys the mucous plug, which protects the uterus from infections that penetrate from the vagina. The possibility of inflammation and its turning into a chronic stage increases due to reduced immunity at this time.

Pregnant women have an increased risk of miscarriage and early birth. Infection of the fetus may occur, causing developmental abnormalities, the appearance of pathologies, intrauterine death, and even the death of the newborn after birth and in the first months.

In the first trimester, when the child’s organs and systems are forming, cervicitis poses the greatest threat of miscarriage.

In the second or third trimester, due to the acute form of the disease, the child may develop hydrocephalus, kidney disease and other serious illnesses. When planning a pregnancy, it is very important to treat cervicitis in advance and strengthen the immune system due to the high risk of complications during pregnancy.

Treatment of cervicitis of the cervix

Treatment begins with the elimination of foci of inflammation, as well as the causes that caused it. Then the strengthening of the immune system begins. After determining the type of disease, the doctor prescribes a series of comprehensive measures. It includes:

• taking medications;
• undergoing physiotherapeutic procedures;
• douching;
• use of candles;
• strengthening immunity;
• restoration of vaginal microflora.

Treatment can be conservative or surgical.

The basis of treatment is conservative therapy, which includes taking medications to eliminate symptoms and cure the underlying disease.

Antibiotics, antifungal and antiviral agents are used to get rid of pathogens for infectious types of cervicitis. For example, Metronidazole and sulfonamide drugs.

If chlamydia is detected: Tetracycline, Azithromycin, Monomycin. For herpes in the vagina: Acyclovir.

For trichomoniasis: Metronidazole, Ornidazole.

For candidiasis: Pimafucin or Fluconazole.

For the atrophic form, hormonal tablets are used, for example, Ovestin, which contains estrogen.

To restore the vaginal microflora, Acylact, Vagila, Bifikol, Narine are used.

To increase immunity and maintain the body, take multivitamins.

The chronic form of the disease is difficult to treat. Therefore, doctors recommend surgery. The following surgical treatment methods are used:

• cryodestruction with liquid nitrogen: with this method, the pathological tissue is frozen;
• laser vaporization, using a dosed laser beam;
• Diathermocoagulation is cauterization with electric current;
• treatment with the Surgitron apparatus using radio waves.

After surgical methods, local treatment is prescribed using anti-inflammatory and antibacterial suppositories.

Traditional methods

Treatment with traditional methods is carried out to eliminate the consequences of the disease and strengthen the entire body. To do this, take infusions and decoctions of herbs that have anti-inflammatory properties: oak bark, chamomile, sage. These decoctions are used for douching, and also for dipping a tampon before insertion into the vagina.

The use of folk remedies can be started only after therapy prescribed by a doctor.

Prevention methods

The most important prevention methods that reduce the likelihood of disease are genital hygiene, proper care and protected sexual intercourse. It is very important to visit a gynecologist in a timely manner and treat diseases of the genitourinary system and intestines.

To prevent the disease from becoming chronic, it must be treated immediately. Cervicitis is dangerous because it can lead to inflammation of other female reproductive organs and even infertility.

Cervicitis occupies one of the leading places in terms of prevalence among all gynecological diseases. The disease is accompanied by inflammation of segments of the uterine cervix. In the absence of therapy, extensive foci of erosion develop, provoking changes in the structure of the organ. Infection in the future can cause infertility and other negative consequences. Therefore, it is extremely important to treat cervical cervicitis in a timely manner.

The tissues that form the uterus and its appendages are extremely sensitive to adverse effects. That is why gynecological diseases in women are characterized by high prevalence.

Cervicitis occurs primarily due to the entry and proliferation of pathogenic microorganisms in the cervix. The causative agents are staphylococcal and streptococcal bacteria, E. coli. Less commonly, the disease is diagnosed against the background of sexually transmitted problems - trichomoniasis or gonorrhea.

Provoking factors

Normally, bacteria are always present in the vagina, being part of the natural microflora. They perform a number of functions and do not cause any diseases. Pathological changes occur under the influence of factors that contribute to bacterial imbalance, against the background of which inflammation develops.

Provoking factors include:

• diseases of the urinary system;
• injuries;
• papilloma or herpes viruses;
• decreased general immunity;
• hormonal disorders;
• antibiotic treatment;
• congenital anomalies of the uterus and its appendages;
• venereal diseases.

The described factors increase the sensitivity of tissues to pathogenic microorganisms, which is why the disease in question occurs.

Clinical manifestations

Symptoms of cervicitis are varied and depend on the nature of the course, the stage of the pathology, and its causative agent. The disease can occur in an acute form, and in the absence of effective treatment, become chronic. A pronounced clinical picture is characterized by cervicitis caused by gonococcal infection. Symptomatic manifestations may be erased, for example, when affected by chlamydia.

Signs of acute cervicitis

This form of pathology is characterized by intense manifestation of symptoms. A woman experiences severe itching and a burning sensation inside the vagina, which intensifies when urinating. There is pain in the lower abdomen, including during and after sexual intercourse.

Other signs of the acute form:

• elevated temperature;
• bleeding;
• purulent discharge;
• painful menstruation.

During a visual examination in a gynecological office, a change in the color of the tissue of the uterine wall in the area of ​​inflammation is noted. This place becomes very red, becomes shiny, and is sometimes covered with a mucous substance. When infected with a herpes or papilloma virus, ulcers or condylomas may develop (photo presented on the website).

Chronic form

Occurs in the absence of adequate medical care. Chronic cervicitis is accompanied by symptoms characteristic of the acute form, but their intensity and severity are much lower.

Patients experience cloudy discharge containing mucus. Inside the uterine wall, epithelial tissue is replaced by cylindrical cells, as a result of which pseudo-erosion develops.

Cervicitis during pregnancy

The occurrence of the disease during pregnancy is a rare occurrence. However, it poses a serious danger, especially in the later stages. It is prohibited to use traditional methods of therapy during pregnancy so as not to harm the child, and therefore alternative treatment for cervicitis in women is used.

Possible complications:

• infection of the uterine cavity;
• placental insufficiency;
• intrauterine growth retardation;
• intrauterine infection.

In the most severe cases, pregnancy fading occurs due to cervicitis, which often ends in termination and miscarriage.

Thus, cervicitis in pregnant women poses a serious danger to the unborn child.

Treatment methods

Therapy for cervicitis is aimed at eliminating the root cause of the pathology. At the same time, symptomatic treatment is carried out, and general strengthening procedures are performed.

Drug therapy

In order to suppress cervicitis, drugs that have antibacterial or antiviral effects are actively used. If affected by gonococcal or streptococcal infection, it is advisable to take antibiotics. This allows you to eliminate pathogens, stopping the development of the inflammatory process.

Antiviral drugs are actively used for treatment. They are effective for cervicitis caused by herpes or papillomavirus.

One of the most popular treatments is the drug Terzhinan. It is available in the form of vaginal suppositories. The use of suppositories has a local effect on the affected tissue, due to which the therapeutic effect is greatly enhanced.

Physiotherapeutic procedures and surgery

Prescribed simultaneously with drug therapy. The effectiveness of measures depends on the nature of the disease and its causative agents. Physiotherapy helps to reduce the inflammatory focus, accelerate the regeneration of damaged tissues, and improve blood circulation in the affected area.

The following methods are used:

• mud treatments;
• laser therapy;
• electrophoresis;
• UHF therapy.

Surgical treatment is used mainly for chronic cervicitis. With this form of pathology, conservative methods are ineffective. Manipulations can be carried out using liquid nitrogen, a focused laser, or electric current.

Traditional methods

Non-traditional methods of therapy complement drug or surgical treatment. It is recommended to use traditional methods after preliminary consultation with a doctor. Self-treatment of cervicitis with folk remedies is strictly prohibited if there are symptoms of complications.

Therapy methods:

• Camomile tea. To prepare, 2 tablespoons of dried flowers are poured into 0.5 liters of just boiled water. Cover the container with the liquid with a lid and infuse the product for 20–30 minutes. After this, it is recommended to strain the medicine. You should wet the tampon with the infusion and insert it into the vagina for 15 minutes. It is allowed to repeat the procedure no more than 3 times a day.
• Sage. An infusion based on this herb is used for douching. To prepare, pour 2 tablespoons of dried sage into 400 ml of boiling water. It is better to brew the medicine in a thermos overnight. The finished product is filtered and diluted with warm water in a 1:1 ratio. The procedure is performed 4 times a day.
• Decoction of oak bark. The presented medicine is characterized by a pronounced antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effect. The crushed bark (1 spoon) is poured into 0.5 liters of boiling water and cooked for 15 minutes over low heat. After this, the medicine is filtered and cooled. Used for douching 3 times a day.
• Herbal decoction. To prepare, mix sage, juniper fruits, and tansy flowers in equal quantities. The mixture is supplemented with eucalyptus leaves, yarrow, and alder cones. 2 tablespoons of the resulting plant material are poured with 250 ml of boiling water and cooked for 10 minutes. After this, the composition is cooled, filtered and 1 glass is drunk daily in several even doses. To improve the taste, it is recommended to add honey.
• Calendula decoction. The medicine is characterized by a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect. The product is used for douching. To prepare the liquid, 3 tablespoons of flowers are poured into 0.5 liters of boiling water. The composition should sit for several hours, after which it is diluted with the same amount of clean water.
• Thus, treatment of cervicitis is carried out using different methods, the choice of which depends on the characteristics of the course of the disease in a particular patient.

The described methods are used for treatment at home.

Prevention

After eliminating cervicitis, it is very important to follow a number of rules to prevent the recurrence of the disease. The risk of relapse increases significantly if preventive measures are not taken. Compliance with the recommendations described below can not only prevent the re-development of cervicitis, but also significantly reduce the risk of other gynecological diseases.

Preventive measures:

• regular examination by a gynecologist;
• prevention of abortion and surgery on the reproductive organs;
• use of non-drug methods of contraception;
• reduction in the number of sexual partners;
• increasing immunity;
• regular physical activity;
• good nutrition;
• timely treatment of infectious diseases;
• compliance with intimate hygiene standards.

Prevention of cervicitis is mandatory in the chronic form or in the presence of suspected cancer.

Cervicitis is a pathological process that is characterized by inflammation in the lower segment of the uterus. Combined with vaginitis, vulvitis and other diseases inherent in the female reproductive system.

The main cause of cervicitis is infection with viruses, pathogenic microbes that are sexually transmitted.

The inflammatory process of the mucous membrane begins due to the entry of pathogenic organisms into the vagina, as a result of which the thick mucus liquefies and ceases to protect the structure of the epithelium. The infection multiplies and actively spreads to the cervix. Over time, the pathogenic environment penetrates into the uterus, onto the bladder, appendages, and kidneys.

The development of cervicitis is promoted by:

• Previous HPV infection;
• Irritation that may occur due to taking contraceptives or using hygiene products;
• Allergic reaction in the vaginal microflora to latex, artificial lubricant, hygiene products;
• Weakened immune system due to other diseases, cervical prolapse;
• Injuries received during abortion and childbirth;
• Menopause period.

Symptoms

Acute cervicitis is characterized by profuse discharge of leucorrhoea mixed with pus. Accompanied by pain, itching and burning, which become stronger when urinating. The urge to urinate is unproductive and frequent. The pain is aching, cutting, concentrated in the lower abdomen, reminiscent of menstrual pain.

The main symptoms of cervicitis that occur in diseases:

• – frequent and painful urination;
• Inflammation in the cervix and adnexitis - elevated temperature (more than 37 degrees);
• – yellow discharge with cervicitis;
• – not abundant, colorless, having an unpleasant odor;
• – foam; candidiasis - the consistency of curdled milk;
• Pseudo-erosion - scanty discharge mixed with blood after sexual intercourse.

All symptoms worsen after menstruation, this fact is a distinctive characteristic.

Chronic cervicitis is characterized by mild or complete absence of clinical symptoms.

During this period, a displacement of the endocervix cells behind the external os (pseudo-erosion) is formed, the discharge is cloudy (in rare cases with pus), and the inflammation is mild. Swelling and redness can spread to adjacent tissues, the cervix becomes denser, and nabothian cysts and infiltrates form.

Classification

In addition to the acute and chronic stages, there are several varieties of this disease. The symptoms are most often similar, but identifying the type of disease is necessary in order to undergo the necessary treatment, which varies due to different pathogens that provoked one or another type of inflammation.

Non-specific

Appears due to conditionally pathogenic microflora: enterococcus, staphylococcus, streptococcus. The symptoms are similar to the typical manifestation of the disease, the type of discharge is determined by the pathogen, pain is rare, and the acute nature decreases.

Purulent

The pathogenic process spreads to the outer part of the lower segment of the uterus. Purulent cervicitis is provoked by the diseases gonococcus, trachoma bacillus,. To identify purulent cervicitis, it is necessary to use special laboratory methods: polymer chain reaction, bacteriological culture.

Therapy includes taking antibacterial medications, which should be used together by sexual partners. The attending physician prescribes treatment immediately after the examination, without waiting for tests, and later the course of therapy is adjusted.

Atrophic

Appears during a period of decreasing estrogen formation (the process of physiological aging). The deficiency of female sex hormones contributes to changes in the processes that occur in the vaginal epithelium. The acidity of the environment and the protective functions of the microflora decrease. This environment is favorable for the growth of pathogenic microbes.

Atrophic cervicitis is most often an age-related disease. Thinning of the mucous membrane occurs, accompanied by the appearance of ulcers and inflammation. Atrophic inflammation can occur due to traumatic manipulation due to disruption of the structure of the cervical canal or natural childbirth.

To identify this type of disease, a smear is taken, and according to its characteristics, the type and degree of the inflammatory process are determined. Treatment consists of undergoing hormone therapy.

Lymphocytic

The nature of the disease is asymptomatic and is relevant for women during menopause. In the process, follicular formations are formed. If a lymphocytic form is detected, it is necessary to undergo a partial examination to refute (confirm) a malignant tumor - lymphosarcoma.

Cystic

A form of cervicitis with concomitant formation of cysts (benign) in the cervical area. The cause of cystic inflammation is blockage of the mucous glands, their further spread.

Viral

Inflammation appears against the background of infection with HPV, herpes, and human viruses. The disease does not have any special characteristics and features, so it is difficult to recognize, it is confirmed in the laboratory.

In men

Cervicitis is rare in men. Manifested by inflammation of the foreskin, gland, testicles, seminal vesicles. Classified into specific and nonspecific. The reason for the appearance of a specific form is due to the entry of pathogenic organisms into the body.

Diagnostics

The gynecologist examines foci of inflammation, detecting an increase in the coverage of the columnar epithelium, areas of hemorrhage, swelling of the vaginal walls, and genital organs located externally. During infection, you can observe discharge that is specific in color, structure and abundance.

A smear is a technique that allows you to detect pathogenic organisms and the level of leukocytes (excess indicates inflammation).

The doctor takes a smear from the cervix to examine under a microscope. Cytology also helps identify cancer cells. The collected analysis is sown on a nutrient medium; this procedure helps to determine the type of disease, what pathogenic organisms it is caused by (chlamydia, mycoplasma, virus) and identify its resistance to antibacterial drugs.

Sowing allows you to competently and most effectively design a course of therapy.

Pathological lesions on the cervix appear during chronic inflammation; they are detected by treatment with iodine solution. It is necessary to carry out, the procedure allows you to examine a large-scale image of the lining of the cervix and identify microtraumas and malignant cells. Chronic cervicitis involves curettage of the canal between the cervix and uterus, studying the composition of the cells. To exclude possible tumors, the cellular material is examined using ultrasound.

Treatment

First, the sources that provoked cervicitis are identified and eliminated, treatment using metronidazole, acyclovir, diflucan, terzhinan. Hormonal medications are used (chronic cervicitis). The vaginal microflora is corrected through the use of eubiotics and immunocorrectors. If there is erosion, it is necessary to undergo cryotherapy or laser therapy after eliminating the inflammation.

Drugs

The treatment strategy is directly dependent on the identified disease factor:

• Fungal infection - use orally, suppositories with econazole and Natamycin tablets in the vagina.
• Bacterial infection - use antibiotics for cervicitis (Neomycinn suppositories, Metronidazole); anti-inflammatory and antibacterial medications (terzhinan); after eliminating the inflammation, use special suppositories with beneficial ingredients to resume the normal activity of the microflora.
• Atrophic inflammation - the use of suppositories that contain estriol.
• Chlamydial infection - combined use of Tetracycline for at least three weeks.

Folk remedies

Ingredients: 20 g tansy, juniper, sage, birch buds, 10 g alder cones, yarrow, eucalyptus. 2 tbsp. l. Brew a glass of boiling water, steam for 10 minutes, leave for 30 minutes, strain. Drink 70 ml 3 times after meals, from 4 weeks.

Complications

Possible consequences of cervicitis include erosion of the cervix, spread of infection to other organs, inflammation of the glands that are located in the vestibule of the vagina, inflammation of the appendages, malignant neoplasm of the cervical area, risk.

Cervicitis during pregnancy is fraught with miscarriage, premature birth, transmission of infection to the fetus, and complications during childbirth. Azithromycin and medications prescribed individually by a doctor are used to treat pregnant women.

Prevention

Sex with cervicitis is accompanied by discomfort; if there is no discomfort and inflammation is not associated with it, sexual relations are allowed.

To prevent inflammation of the cervix, you need to visit a doctor once every six months, use contraception correctly, eliminate cervical ruptures, not have sex with more than one partner, and strengthen your immune system.