Creative work on the theme of a classical Greek temple. Presentation "architecture of ancient Greece". Types of Greek Temples

To use presentation previews, create a Google account and log in to it: https://accounts.google.com

Slide captions:

Ancient Greek temple

Marcus Vitruvius Pollio Roman architect and mechanic, encyclopedist The treatise was created in the 1st century BC.

Vitruvius created a typology of ancient Greek temples Types of ancient Greek temples (according to Vitruvius): Megaron, Prostyle, Amphiprostyle, Peripterus, Dipterus

Megaron (Ancient Greek: Great Hall) A Greek house with a rectangular plan with a fireplace in the middle. Served as a prototype for temples in the Homeric (pre-polis) period. Megaron is the simplest type of ancient Greek temple in anta: on the front facade it has a closed order in one row of columns.

Prostyle (from Ancient Greek: in front and column) A rectangular building with a row of columns on the main facade. The term is also used to refer to a portico projecting from the main façade of a building. For the first time, temples of this type were built by the Etruscans and Greeks; later the Romans adopted it for the construction of their temples.

Amphiprostyle (ancient Greek prefix with the meaning of duality, in front, column) A type of ancient Greek temple, on both facades of which (front and rear) there are four columns in one row (order). Otherwise called double prostyle.

Peripterus (ancient Greek surrounded by columns, “round-winged”) The main type of ancient Greek temple, a rectangular structure framed on four sides by a colonnade.

Dipterus (ancient Greek “two-winged”) A type of temple in anta, around which there is an Ionic order on all sides (most often), columns in several rows (2 or more).

Temple of Nike Apteros Acropolis of Athens

Parthenon Athens Acropolis

Acropolis (ancient Greek upper city) An elevated and fortified part of an ancient Greek city, the so-called upper city; fortress (shelter in case of war). On the Acropolis there were usually temples to the patron deities of a given city. The most famous is the Acropolis in Athens, listed as a World Heritage Site.

Athens Acropolis

Necropolis (literally “city of the dead”) A large cemetery (underground galleries, crypts, chambers), located on the outskirts of ancient cities (in Egypt, Asia Minor, Etruria), with tombs and stone tombstones. In particular, this is the name given to the complex of burials of the ancient world, for example, the Dipylon necropolis in ancient Athens, in Ancient Egypt - the necropolis of the city of Thebes with the tombs of pharaohs and nobles, and many others. The Romans more often located necropolises along the roads to remind the living of the exploits of their ancestors (the most famous - Roman catacombs along the Appian Way).

Entablature The beam covering a span or the end of a wall, consisting of an architrave, frieze and cornice. Entablature is the upper, supporting part of an architectural order. The structure of the entablature is different in three architectural orders: Doric, Ionic and Corinthian.

Pediment (French fronton, forehead, front part of the wall) The completion (usually triangular, less often semi-circular) of the facade of a building, portico, colonnade, limited by two roof slopes on the sides and a cornice at the base.

Caryatid A statue of a clothed woman, introduced into use by ancient Greek architecture to support an entablature and therefore replace a column or pilaster.

It was a classic Doric peripter (column ratio 6 to 13), built from solid limestone (shell rock). The proportions of the temple were distinguished by severity and clarity. Their severity was softened by a festive nature. The temple was decorated with large sculptural groups on the pediments. The metopes of the outer frieze, as in most early classical temples, were devoid of sculptural decoration. 3a, along the outer colonnade above the porticoes, sculptural compositions were placed, six on each frieze. The subjects of these reliefs were closely related to the public purpose of the temple, which was the center of the vast architectural ensemble of Olympia - the sacred center of pan-Hellenic sports competitions. The legendary chariot race of Pelops and Oenomaus and the battle of the Greeks (Lapiths) with the centaurs were depicted on the pediments, and the labors of Hercules were depicted on the metopes. Inside the temple from the middle of the 5th century. BC. there was a statue of Zeus made of gold and ivory by Phidias.

Slide 2

Slide text:

Some Greek temples actually resemble large palace halls.
But the early temples looked more like modest treasuries. Moreover, considerable treasures were traditionally kept in temples.

The classical Greek temple was formed over several centuries from the shape of the palace hall of the Mycenaean kings.

Slide 3

Slide text:

Cult statue of a deity with an altar.
Naos (Greek “naos” - ship) - interior space, sanctuary.
Pronaos (Greek “pronaos” - pre-hall) is an open room in front of the pump.
Opisthodom (Greek “opiste” - located behind) - a room behind the sanctuary for storing relics.
Stereobate is the stepped base of the temple.

Main parts of a Greek temple.

Slide 4

Slide text:

Slide 5

Slide text:

Gradually the number of columns in the temples increased.
First, four columns appeared on one side.
Such a temple is called “prostyle”.

Slide 6

Slide text:

Then columns appeared from the other edge of the stylobate.
Such a temple is called “amphiprostyle”.

Slide 7

Slide text:

Greek "peripteron" - surrounded by columns.

Finally, in the “classical periptera” the columns surrounded the temple on all sides.

Slide 8

Slide text:

This is how we see the Parthenon

This is what the Parthenon would look like if all its lines were strictly horizontal and vertical

This is how the Parthenon was built. Its columns are inclined inward, and the horizontal lines are slightly curved upward.

Often the columns of peripteres were deliberately tilted to create the illusion of straight lines.