Presentation on the topic "Economic Growth and Development". Economic growth and economic development Improvement of workers' skills

• Economic

PLAN

• 1. CONCEPT OF ECONOMIC GROWTH
• 2. FACTORS OF ECONOMIC GROWTH
• 3. EXTENSIVE AND INTENSIVE GROWTH
• §2 Page 16-21

• Factors

• economic growth

• LET'S TAKE A FACTOR OF PRODUCTION SUCH AS LAND.
• IT IS KNOWN THAT FERTILE LAND IS LIMITED.
• BUT THEY WERE NOT ALL IMMEDIATELY INVOLVED IN AGRICULTURAL TURNOVER.
• IT IS KNOWN FROM HISTORY THAT IN THE USA, FOR EXAMPLE, LAND CONTRACTION OCCURRED FOR A QUITE LONG TIME, CONTRIBUTING TO THE ECONOMIC GROWTH OF THE COUNTRY.
• IN THE 60'S. XX CENTURY IN THE USSR THE DEVELOPMENT OF VIRGIN AND FALLOW LAND WAS CONDUCTED.
• NEW MINERAL RESOURCES DEPOSITS ARE INVOLVED IN CYCLE, ALTHOUGH THE OLD RESOURCES ARE NOT COMPLETELY USED, BUT THE AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY DOES NOT ALLOW USING THEM COMPLETELY.
• THIS MEANS THAT THE ECONOMY IS DEVELOPING IN AN EXTENSIVE WAY.

THE FIRST, MOST IMPORTANT FACTOR OF INTENSIVE GROWTH IS SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL PROGRESS(NTP), WHICH AFFECTED ALL ASPECTS OF THE ECONOMY AND LIFE OF SOCIETY.

• THE FIRST, MOST IMPORTANT FACTOR OF INTENSIVE GROWTH IS SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL PROGRESS(NTP), WHICH AFFECTED ALL ASPECTS OF THE ECONOMY AND LIFE OF SOCIETY.
• IT HAS DEVELOPED ESPECIALLY RAPIDLY SINCE THE 80'S. THE PAST CENTURY, WHEN THE SO-CALLED ELECTRONIC REVOLUTION HAPPENED (compare with the industrial revolution of the 18th-19th centuries and the electrical revolution).
• ELECTRONICS AND COMPUTER SCIENCE SHARPLY INCREASE HUMAN CAPABILITIES, INCREASE LABOR PRODUCTIVITY, CHANGE TECHNOLOGIES, CREATE NEW PRODUCTS AND EVEN NEW RESOURCES THAT DO NOT EXIST IN NATURE.

Homework:

• §2 Page 16-20

What are the factors of intensive economic growth?

• 1. growth in mining production, construction of new enterprises
• 2. improving production management, increasing labor productivity
• 3. discovery of deposits, increase in working hours
• 4. installation of additional equipment, development of new lands

All economic resources directly involved in the creation of a specific product or service are called

• 1. physical capital
• 2. factors of production
• 3. natural resources
• 4. supply and demand

Which of the following refers to factors of intensive economic growth?

• 1. increase in staff and working hours
• 2. development of new lands, increase in mining production
• 3. discovery of new deposits, attraction of imported resources
• 4. technological progress, increased productivity

What example of the activity of the Pretzels and Challah company characterizes such a factor of production as labor?

• 1. exclusive recipes for baking traditional baked goods for the holidays
• 2. agreements with a chain of home-cooking cafes for the supply of hot baked goods
• 3. personnel of bakers and confectioners with international certificates
• 4. premises rented by the company in which the bakeries are located.

Are the judgments correct?

• A. Extensive economic growth is characterized by an acceleration of the turnover of enterprise funds.
• B. Intensive economic growth is primarily associated with an increase in the amount of resources used in production.

Are the judgments about the factors of economic growth correct?

• A. Factors of intensive economic growth can be considered the creation of new jobs by the company.
• B. Factors of intensive economic growth can be considered the introduction of modern equipment and technologies at the company.

Extensive economic growth is characterized by:

• 1) staff development
• 2) acceleration of turnover of working capital
• 3) improvement of production tools

Intensive economic growth is characterized by:

• 1) expansion of the production base
• 2) involvement of additional resources in production
• 3) improvement of labor organization
• 4) increase in the workforce

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Slide captions:

WHAT IS ECONOMIC GROWTH?

WHAT FACTORS INFLUENCE ECONOMIC GROWTH

ACHIEVEMENT OF ECONOMIC GROWTH IS POSSIBLE IN TWO WAYS: EXTENSIVE AND INTENSIVE GROWTH. EXTENSIVE GROWTH - INCREASING GDP DUE TO EXPANDING THE SCALE OF RESOURCE USE. RESOURCES AVAILABLE IN THE COUNTRY, BUT YET UNUSED, ARE INVOLVED IN PRODUCTION. INTENSIVE GROWTH - INCREASING GDP DUE TO QUALITATIVE IMPROVEMENT OF PRODUCTION FACTORS AND INCREASING THEIR EFFICIENCY. THIS IS: SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL PROGRESS, IMPROVING THE QUALIFICATIONS OF WORKERS, GROWTH IN LABOR PRODUCTIVITY AND RATIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF RESOURCES.

LET'S TAKE A FACTOR OF PRODUCTION SUCH AS LAND. IT IS KNOWN THAT FERTILE LAND IS LIMITED. BUT THEY WERE NOT ALL IMMEDIATELY INVOLVED IN AGRICULTURAL TURNOVER. IT IS KNOWN FROM HISTORY THAT IN THE USA, FOR EXAMPLE, LAND CONTRACTION OCCURRED FOR A QUITE LONG TIME, CONTRIBUTING TO THE ECONOMIC GROWTH OF THE COUNTRY. IN THE 60'S. XX CENTURY IN THE USSR THE DEVELOPMENT OF VIRGIN AND FALLOW LAND WAS CONDUCTED. AMONG THE YOUNG PEOPLE OF THAT TIME, A SONG WITH THESE WORDS WAS VERY POPULAR: WE, FRIENDS, ARE GOING TO FAR LANDS, YOU AND I WILL BECOME NEW RESIDENTS. NEW MINERAL DEPOSITS ARE INVOLVED IN THE TURNOVER, ALTHOUGH THE OLD RESOURCES ARE NOT USED TO THE END, BUT THE AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY DOES NOT ALLOW THE USE THERE ARE FULL OF THEM. THIS MEANS THAT THE ECONOMY IS DEVELOPING IN AN EXTENSIVE WAY.

THE FIRST, MOST IMPORTANT FACTOR OF INTENSIVE GROWTH IS SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL PROGRESS (STP), WHICH AFFECTS ALL ASPECTS OF THE ECONOMY AND LIFE OF SOCIETY. IT HAS DEVELOPED ESPECIALLY RAPIDLY SINCE THE 80'S. THE PAST CENTURY, WHEN THE SO-CALLED ELECTRONIC REVOLUTION HAPPENED (compare with the industrial revolution of the 18th - 19th centuries and the electrical revolution). ELECTRONICS AND COMPUTER SCIENCE SHARPLY INCREASE HUMAN CAPABILITIES, INCREASE LABOR PRODUCTIVITY, CHANGE TECHNOLOGIES, CREATE NEW PRODUCTS AND EVEN NEW RESOURCES THAT DO NOT EXIST IN NATURE.

§2 Page 17-22

§2 Economic growth and development

THE CONCEPT OF ECONOMIC GROWTH FACTORS OF ECONOMIC GROWTH EXTENSIVE AND INTENSIVE GROWTH §2 Page. 17-22 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC CYCLE §2 Page. 22-29

Slide 2

Economic growth is a long-term increase in the real volume of gross domestic product (GDP) both in absolute values ​​and per capita. Economic growth does not mean that GDP growth should increase every year, but the overall direction of the economy should be upward

Slide 3

Economic growth rate

GDP (real) 2012 – GDP (real) 2011 = GDP growth for 2012 GDP growth________x 100% of GDP (real) 2011

Slide 4

When calculating GDP growth, it is necessary to take into account: this means real GDP; not only absolute values ​​are calculated, but also per capita; only a long-term increase in GDP can be considered economic growth (find on page 17 Russia’s GDP growth rates from 1999 to 2008 and draw a conclusion)

Slide 5

Russia ranked first among the G8 countries in terms of economic growth in 2011. These preliminary data are reported by Rosstat. Growth of gross domestic product (GDP) of the Russian Federation in 2011. compared to 2010 amounted to 4.3%. Germany was in second place with GDP growth of 3%, followed by Canada (+2.3%), USA (+1.7%) and France (+1.6%). In the UK, the economy grew by 0.9% last year, in Italy by 0.5%, and the Japanese economy fell by 0.9%. The richer the country, the lower its annual growth rate (usually)

Slide 6

“Our economic growth was decent, the highest in the world among large economies after China and India - 4.2%. The average economic growth in Europe, in the eurozone was 3.9%, in our country it was 4.2%. By the way, "In the eurozone, both the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank predict negative growth, minus 0.3% next year. This year we are still planning plus, plus from 4 to 5%," Putin said in an interview with RussiaToday on the eve of APEC summit. http://ria.ru/trend/_VVP_RF_2012_31012012/

Slide 7

Factors of economic growth

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Ways to achieve economic growth

Slide 9

Extensive growth

Increasing the number of machines Hiring additional workers Maintaining production technology unchanged Increasing the area of ​​cultivated land Development of new deposits

Slide 10

Intensive growth

Scientific and technological progress Economies of scale (enlargement of production) Increased skills of workers Rational allocation of resources

Slide 11

Types of Economic Growth

Uniform growth of leading countries (USA, Europe) Miracles of growth (Japan, South Korea, Hong Kong) Tragedies of growth (some countries of Central Africa) Lack of economic growth (Zimbabwe)

Slide 12

Economic growth goals

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Economic development

Economic development is the structural restructuring of the economy in accordance with the needs of technological and social progress.

Slide 14

Indicators of the level of economic development

GDP and national income per capita Production of main types of products Sectoral structure of the economy (ratio between sectors of material and intangible production) Level and quality of life of the population Indicators of economic efficiency of production (ratio of effect, result to costs)

Slide 15

Homework

§ 2, pp. 16-22. Tasks 1,2,3 pp. 27-28 Write an essay “The poorest is the one who does not know how to use what he has” P. Buast (1765-1824), French lexicographer)

Slide 16

Resources used

Social science. Grade 11. Ed. L.N.Bogolyubova, N.I.Gorodetskaya, A.I.Matveeva. – M., Education, 2011 http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DD%EA%EE%ED%EE%EC%E8%F7%E5%F1%EA%E8%E9_%F0%EE% F1%F2 http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DD%EA%EE%ED%EE%EC%E8%F7%E5%F1%EA%EE%E5_%F0%E0%E7%E2% E8%F2%E8%E5 http://politics-31.livejournal.com/262639.html http://bda-expert.com/files/prognoz-rost.jpg

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COMPLETE THE TABLE “SECTIONS OF ECONOMIC SCIENCE.” MICROECONOMYMACROECONOMYWORLD ECONOMY CONDITIONS FOR CONCLUSION OF A BUSINESS TRANSACTION, TURNOVER OF THE INTERNATIONAL CURRENCY MARKET, COMPETITION OF PRODUCERS, REDUCTION IN THE RATE OF ECONOMIC GROWTH, EMPLOYMENT, COSTS AND PROFITABILITY OF ENTERPRISES II, FOREIGN TRADE POLICY OF COUNTRIES, LEVEL AND RATE OF INFLATION, CAUSES OF THE ECONOMIC CRISIS, REASONS FOR WAGE GROWTH IN THE OIL PRODUCING INDUSTRY,

SECTIONS OF ECONOMIC SCIENCE. MICROECONOMICS MACROECONOMICS WORLD ECONOMICS. CONDITIONS FOR CONCLUSION OF A BUSINESS TRANSACTION. COMPETITION OF MANUFACTURERS. INTERACTION OF CONSUMERS AND PRODUCERS ON THE GOODS MARKET. COSTS AND PROFITABILITY OF THE ENTERPRISE. REDUCTION IN THE RATE OF ECONOMIC GROWTH. EMPLOYMENT. LEVEL AND RATE OF INFLATION. CAUSES OF THE ECONOMIC CRISIS. TURNOVER OF THE INTERNATIONAL CURRENCY MARKET. DEEPENING THE INTERNATIONAL DIVISION OF LABOR

MEASURES OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITY. GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT. GNP GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT. GDP THE SUM OF MARKET PRICES OF ALL FINAL PRODUCTS CREATED DOMESTICALLY AND ABROAD. THE SUM OF MARKET PRICES OF ALL FINAL PRODUCTS PRODUCED DURING THE YEAR WITHIN THE COUNTRY.

THE CONCEPT OF ECONOMIC GROWTH. NOT ONLY THE WEALTH AND PROSPERITY OF THE COUNTRY, BUT ALSO THE INCOME OF EVERY PERSON DEPENDS ON THE ECONOMIC GROWTH IS A LONG-TERM PROTECTION OF REAL GDP BOTH IN ABSOLUTE VALUES AND PER CAPITA IT IS NECESSARY TO KEEP IN MIND ONLY REAL GDP CALCULATE GDP NOT ONLY IN ABSOLUTE VALUES BUT ALSO PER CAPITA ONLY LONG-TERM INCREASING GDP CAN BE CONSIDERED ECONOMIC GROWTH

THE CONCEPT OF ECONOMIC GROWTH. ECONOMIC GROWTH IS MEASURED BY ANNUAL AVERAGE AND GDP GROWTH RATE, EXPRESSED IN % FOR BRIEF, THIS INDICATOR IS OFTEN CALLED THE GDP GROWTH RATE. TO CALCULATE THE GROWTH RATE FOR A GIVEN YEAR, YOU NEED TO TAKE REAL GDP FOR THE PREVIOUS YEAR - TO GET THE GROWTH IN REAL GDP FOR A GIVEN YEAR. NOW LET'S DIVIDE IT BY THE REAL GDP OF THE PREVIOUS YEAR AND MULTIPLY IT BY 100%. BUT THE GROWTH RATE ITSELF SAYS NOTHING. THE RICHER A COUNTRY IS, THE LOWER ITS ANNUAL GROWTH RATE. P. 18 (TEXT BOOK)

EXTENSIVE AND INTENSIVE GROWTH EXTENSIVE GROWTH - INCREASING GDP DUE TO EXPANDING THE SCALES OF RESOURCE USE ALL AVAILABLE RESOURCES ARE INVOLVED IN PRODUCTION. LANDS AND NEW DEPOSITS ARE INVOLVED, ALTHOUGH THE OLD ONE ARE NOT COMPLETELY USED, BUT THE AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY DOES NOT ALLOW THEIR FULLY USE.

EXTENSIVE AND INTENSIVE GROWTH INTENSIVE GROWTH - INCREASING GDP DUE TO QUALITATIVE IMPROVEMENT OF PRODUCTION FACTORS AND INCREASING THEIR EFFECTIVENESS THE MOST IMPORTANT FACTOR IS STP WHICH AFFECTED ALL ASPECTS OF THE ECONOMY AND LIFE OF SOCIETY. STP AND ALL OTHER FACTORS OF PRODUCTION AFFECT: 1. LAND. 2. MEANS OF PRODUCTION (PHYSICAL CAPITAL) THE SECOND FACTOR OF INTENSIVE GROWTH. IMPROVING THE QUALIFICATIONS OF WORKERS. THE THIRD FACTOR IS RATIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF RESOURCES. FOURTH FACTOR - ECONOMIES OF SCALE.

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT COUNTRIES DEVELOP IN DIFFERENT WAYS: 1. DEVELOPED COUNTRIES, 2. COUNTRIES WITH ECONOMIES IN TRANSITION, 3. DEVELOPING COUNTRIES. THE GAP BETWEEN POOR AND RICH COUNTRIES IS 100 TIMES. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IS CARDINAL CHANGES IN THE ECONOMIC LIFE OF A COUNTRY, TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE STRUCTURE OF THE ECONOMY.

DURATION OF ECONOMIC CYCLES. 19th century - THE CYCLE WAS YEARS: 1825, 1836, 1847, 1857, 1866, 1877, 1882, 1890 K. MARX BELIEVED THAT THE MATERIAL BASIS OF THE PERIODICITY OF CYCLES IS THE REPLACEMENT OF FIXED CAPITAL. = 10 YEARS 20 c- CYCLES ARE SHORTER AND CRISES AFTER THE SECOND WORLD WAR LESS ACUTE THE LONGEST CRISIS – 1929 – 1933 21 c- FINANCIAL CRISIS DIFFERENT VIEWS ON DURATION

REASONS FOR CYCLICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE ECONOMY. INTERNAL OR ENDOGENOUS FACTORS. MONETARY (MONETARY) POLICY. CHANGES IN THE RELATIONSHIP OF SUPPLY AND DEMAND. EXAMPLE: NEW PRODUCTS REDUCED PRODUCTION DUE TO LOW DEMAND OR HIGH PRICES CAUSES OF ECONOMIC CYCLES CONTINUE TO IMPACT MARKET ECONOMIES IN THE 21st CENTURY. THERE ARE BOTH POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE SIDES OF THESE PROCESSES.

Slide 1

Economic growth and economic development Teacher Musatkina Lyudmila Veniaminovna MBOU Ardatov Secondary School No. 2 named after. S.I. Obrazumova"

Slide 2

Economic growth is one of the main goals of macroeconomic policy, the achievement of which ensures faster growth of real output (GDP) compared to the growth of Economic growth

Slide 3

Slide 4

This group includes supply factors: quantity and quality of labor resources; quantity and quality of natural resources; volume of fixed capital; technology and organization of production; level of development of entrepreneurial abilities in society Factors that make growth physically possible are considered direct.

Slide 5

Such conditions are created by factors of demand and distribution: a decrease in the degree of market monopolization; tax climate in the economy; efficiency of the credit and banking system; growth in consumer, investment and government spending; expansion of export supplies; opportunities for redistribution of production resources in the economy; current income distribution system. Indirect factors are conditions that allow society to realize its opportunities for economic growth.

Slide 6

The degree of influence of these factors on the economy determines the type of economic growth, which refers to the degree of influence of quantitative and qualitative variables on economic growth. Economic science distinguishes two types of economic growth, first formulated by K. Marx. They differ in the ratio of results and factors of production.

Slide 7

The first type is characterized by a quantitative increase in economic resources (factors of production): the construction of new enterprises, power plants, roads, the involvement of new lands, labor and natural resources in economic circulation, etc. This type is called extensive economic growth. With this type, GDP growth is achieved by expanding the scope of living and social labor, provided that the average labor productivity in society does not change.

Slide 8

The second type is called intensive economic growth. It occurs when GDP growth outpaces the growth in the number of economic resources employed.

Slide 9

Country Extensive/intensive growth factors, % Great Britain 80/20 Germany 60/40 USA 73/27

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Slide 11

The fact is that the extensive type of growth has not only advantages (simple and cheap growth up to certain limits), but also disadvantages: it is characterized by technical stagnation, since a quantitative increase in output is not accompanied by technical and economic progress; In most cases, production growth becomes costly. This means that the rate of economic growth lags behind the rate of expansion and involvement of economic resources in production. According to Western experts, Russia spent 2-3 times more raw materials, materials and energy per unit of each product than the United States and other developed countries. This is the price of extensive growth.

Slide 12

The intensive growth model has a number of new characteristics, has its own characteristics and advantages: it is a more complex type of economic growth, since scientific and technological progress begins to play a decisive role in it. Consequently, it assumes a high level of development of productive forces, equipment, technology, a high educational and professional level of workers. It is this type of growth that makes it possible to overcome the problem of limited resources. This means that one of the most important sources of economic growth in this type is resource conservation, which costs society much less than the growth of resources. For example, to save 1 ton of standard fuel (7 thousand kilocalories), 3-4 times less costs are required than to increase fuel production by 1 ton.

Slide 13

However, the transition to an intensive type of growth is not an easy task. What is required is a progressive restructuring of the structure of the economy, an increase in the share of knowledge-intensive industries, appropriate training of the workforce, mobility when moving factors of production in the economy, etc. Therefore, progress along the path of market reforms is one of the conditions for intensifying economic growth.

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Slide 16

Economic development Economic development is the structural restructuring of the economy in accordance with the needs of technological and social progress.

Slide 17

The main indicator of a country's economic development is considered to be an increase in GDP or GNP per capita, indicating: - an increase in the efficiency of use of the country's production resources; and - about the growth of the average well-being of its citizens.