What effect does butyrate have on the body? Butyrate overdose: main symptoms and principles of treatment Butyrate for pregnant women

Butyrate and its origin.
Butyrate is the name used by drug addicts and drug dealers in Russia, in fact, the drug is called sodium hydroxybutyrate. This product is obtained as a result of mass chemical production. In appearance, butyrate resembles ordinary kitchen salt, which we use every day in everyday life. It suffices to give a simple example, such a solvent as BDO (aka butanediol) is actively used in Western Europe at chemical plants. It is used in the adhesive manufacturing process. It is completely legal and anyone can buy it. Butanediol and Buterate are absolutely identical in appearance. Cunning drug dealers quite often sell drug addicts under the guise of buterate, the very dangerous BDO. When selling, they say that the drug is absolutely legal. And its use for the same reason is absolutely safe. Such deceptive logic is understandable from the outside. After all, for the fact that a person stores butanediol, there is no punishment. It's just a chemical product. But do not forget about the terrible consequences for the body that butyrate and BDO have for the human body. It destroys the fragile psyche of children and adolescents. The consequences are irreversible, and it is impossible to predict them in each individual case. And there is no big difference between inhaling gasoline vapors, gas from lighters or butyrate. These substances are equally dangerous for the younger generation. After all, these are the real toxic substances, they are poisonous and toxic.

Consequences of taking butyrate.
The use of poisons and butyrate, including in small doses, has a relaxing effect on the human body, it can be combined with a mood lift or a feeling of narcotic euphoria. The state is somewhat reminiscent of alcohol intoxication. At this stage, the first trap lies in wait for the novice drug addict. Narcological practice does not know isolated cases of buterate use among adolescents. Drunk "lid", constituting one dose causes dependence after the first use. A young man or a girl begins to feel an instant surge of energy, a special joy and pleasure from the world around him. Young people like this state, they have a desire to use a new dose. Very often you can hear legends that after consuming butyrate, people have sexual desires that are uncontrollable.

After the first use of butyrate at a dosage of 2 ml and sleep, which resembles anesthesia, a number of mental conditions occur. At such moments, the addict begins to behave inappropriately, it is not realistic to predict his behavior. From the outside, it may seem stupid, and sometimes aggressive. Drug dealers regard butyrate and its effect on the body as positive. They believe that the use of this drug allows a person to open up, to behave more liberated. In part, they are right, when using sodium hydroxybutyrate, a person erases all boundaries, prohibitions and psychological barriers. Being in a state of drug intoxication, young people forget about the measures of decency. Not infrequently, "friends" secretly mix butyrate into each other's alcoholic drinks, this is at least mean. Indeed, in 90% of cases, the use of buterate gives negative and unpredictable consequences. It is better to drink a glass of potassium cyanide than an explosive mixture of butyrate and alcohol. The first will lead to lightning death. And butyrate will make the drug addict suffer from constant breakdowns in the future.

Content

Until recently, the drug was used in medical practice as an effective means of introducing a patient into a state of anesthesia. Along with this, there was an extra-medical use of various forms of butyrate as a kind of legal drug, which, when taken constantly, even in small doses, caused irreparable damage to health, poisoning the body of an addicted person with toxins.

What is butyrate

The medicinal composition is a white crystalline powder with a yellowish tint, which has a slight specific odor. Soluble in alcohol, water. Butyrate (G-hydroxybutyric acid, GHB) is used in the form of a salt of sodium oxybutyrate or potassium oxybutyrate. The drug is used as a hypnotic, psychoactive drug. In the past, butyrate in combination with calcium and magnesium was actively used by bodybuilders as a dietary supplement that promotes muscle mass gain.

The history of the appearance of the substance

The drug is one of the drugs with a "strange" fate. The godfather of butyrate, the French researcher Henri Labori, described in detail the effect of this remedy and made a significant contribution to its distribution. Nevertheless, there is no consensus among the scientific community regarding this pharmaceutical product. Gamma-hydroxybutyrate was first introduced into clinical practice in 1960.

Labori discovered that butyrate, as a precursor of GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid), has a number of properties that are not characteristic of this class of substances. Butyrate has been actively researched over the years. As a result, G-hydroxybutyric acid began to be actively used in Europe as a general anesthetic. In addition, the drug was used to treat narcolepsy, alcoholism, withdrawal symptoms. The 80s were marked by the fact that butyrate salts began to be sold by bioactive nutritional supplement stores without a prescription.

For 30 years (until 1990), all scientific publications reported an exceptionally positive effect of the substance on the body, as well as the absence of delayed consequences of its use. However, in November 1990, the FDA banned the over-the-counter sale of the drug due to 57 reports of acute complications following the use of the pharmaceutical product. Subsequent studies have shown that these side effects of the use of hydroxybutyric acid salts were caused by a banal overdose.

At the same time, some patients continued to take the drug uncontrollably simply because they felt better psychologically with it. This was regarded as a potential threat to public health. After the ban on over-the-counter sales, butyrate began to be actively produced clandestinely. Illicit forms of GHB have created a toxicity problem.

Industrial solvents used to synthesize hydroxybutyric acid are present in the illegally created drug as impurities that are extremely harmful to the body and cause a lot of adverse long-term effects. In view of this, the FDA has completely restricted the circulation of GHB in the United States. Nevertheless, the clinical use of hydroxybutyric acid is still officially allowed in France, Italy, and some post-Soviet countries.

What is butyrate made of?

The drug is obtained during continuous synthesis in a specialized module. The active substance GHB (carbon-11) is obtained at a proton particle accelerator by means of a nuclear reaction that occurs when nitrogen gas of an isotopic natural composition is irradiated. The active ingredient in the chemical formula of the drug is represented by the sodium salt of butyric acid (sodium butyrate).

Physical and chemical properties

The substance is a normal component of the metabolism of the human body. Butyrate is considered a neurotransmitter, although it does not fully meet all the requirements for this class of substances. The chemical properties of G-hydroxybutyric acid are characteristic of short-chain carboxylic acids. So, for example, interaction with alcohols gives an ester formation reaction. Butyrate is highly soluble in water and organic oxidizers.

The effect of butyrate on the body

Therapeutic doses of the drug have an antihypoxic effect, increase the body's resistance to oxygen starvation. The chemical substance enhances the effect of painkillers, has a good anti-shock potential. Legally produced butyrate is completely included in the metabolism, decomposing to carbon dioxide and water. The drug promotes moderate central muscle relaxation. In addition, the tool is a powerful stimulant of the pituitary gland: it repeatedly increases the level of somatotropin.

Consequences of taking butyrate

Non-medical use of the drug poses a danger to human life and health. Even small doses of sodium oxybutyrate significantly increase the risk of adverse effects when driving a car or industrial machinery. Taking the drug causes euphoria, as when intoxicated with alcohol. Such an effect encourages a person to try the "miracle cure" again, which, in fact, can be considered the first step towards drug use.

After several doses of butyrate, the liver accumulates a critical concentration of poison, and the body stops fighting toxins and goes into the stage of the so-called narcotic sleep. In addition, with regular use of the chemical, the appearance of persistent psychological dependence is noted. Withdrawal syndrome in drug addicts lasts several days, accompanied by anxiety, insomnia, dizziness.

Especially dangerous is the use of hydroxybutyrate by teenagers. The substance has a detrimental effect on the immature psyche, provokes a gradual poisoning of the body with toxic decay products of the drug. Illegally produced butyrate is distributed under the guise of a kind of synthetic drug. Most young people believe that the yellowish powder is not addictive.

In fact, the opposite situation is observed. It comes to the point that a novice drug addict can no longer imagine life without a dose. As with other psychotropic drugs, tolerance soon develops to butyrate. At the same time, the achievement of euphoria requires a constant increase in dosage, which is fraught with dire consequences (up to death). Because of these reasons, positioned among young people as a drug, butyrate is banned from OTC in many countries.

Indications for use

The drug is intended to introduce the patient into light anesthesia. Due to the fact that the anesthetic retains the ability to respond to pain, its use in surgical practice is limited. The use of the drug is possible to eliminate postoperative psychosis, withdrawal symptoms. Such conditions are effectively eliminated by slow intravenous administration of diluted glucose solution of hydroxybutyric acid. Together with this, the substance is used as a contrast agent for positron emission tomography (PET).

Butyrate treatment

For diagnostic purposes, a sterile GHB solution is injected intravenously. Before direct use, 10% placental albumin is added to the vial with hydroxybutyrate in a ratio of 1:1. The mixture is then filtered. In order to perform dynamic PET, an injection with a ready-made clear solution is administered at a dose of 200 MBq per 1 m² of the patient's body surface. For one study, as a rule, 20-400 MBq of the drug is used, which is administered intravenously in a volume of 0.5-2.5 ml.

Intramuscular injections are used for mononarcosis. In this case, the dosage of the anesthetic is 120-150 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg together with barbiturates. With glaucoma, neurotic disorders, insomnia, a 5% solution is taken orally in a tablespoon 2-3 times a day. The duration of treatment depends on the severity of the disease and the sensitivity of the patient.

Side effects and overdose

With rapid intravenous administration of the drug, convulsive phenomena and nervous excitement are possible. The anesthetic may cause vomiting, respiratory failure. When leaving anesthesia, transient mental arousal is possible. Prolonged use of butyrate provokes hypokalemia, drug addiction, memory lapses. The introduction of large doses of hydroxybutyrate causes deep sleep, bradycardia. In order to eliminate the effects of overdose, barbiturates and neuroleptics are used.

Due to the wide distribution of the drug among drug addicts, its circulation is limited by most developed countries. To date, you can buy a pharmaceutical product only with a doctor's prescription. On the territory of Russia, sodium hydroxybutyrate and other salts of hydroxybutyric acid are included in the list of psychotropic substances, the circulation of which is limited. According to regulatory enactments, the storage of the drug is allowed if there is a special signature confirming the use of the substance for medicinal purposes.

Attention! The information provided in the article is for informational purposes only. The materials of the article do not call for self-treatment. Only a qualified doctor can make a diagnosis and give recommendations for treatment, based on the individual characteristics of a particular patient.

In microscopic doses, a substance such as butyrate is used as a medicine. This tool is used in medicine for anesthesia and in the treatment of certain types of mental disorders. Also, this drug is one of the types of synthetic drugs. Especially dangerous is the effect of butyrate on the body of a woman.

Action on the body
The drug butyrate is most commonly consumed diluted in water or other beverages. It is used as an alternative to alcohol, it relaxes a person, cheers up and has fun. There comes a period of relaxation and euphoria about 10 minutes after taking it, the drug acts for about 3-4 hours. The effect of butyrate on the woman's body has a negative effect, since, having used it, the girl becomes quite sexually available, her sexual activity wakes up. This phenomenon often leads to promiscuity of a sexual nature, the consequences of which are HIV infection, pregnancy, sexually transmitted diseases and even injuries. The effect of butyrate on a woman's body during pregnancy is also dangerous, the drug provokes the development of pathologies in the unborn child, the children of drug addicts are born with abnormalities.

The drug butyrate causes three degrees of intoxication:

1. The person relaxes, feels a slight dizziness, his mood rises.
2. The person becomes inadequate, cannot control himself, wants to dance and has a strong sexual desire. It can vomit and vomit.
3. Behavior becomes uncontrollable, too much drug can cause the opposite effect, instead of having fun, a person can fall asleep for several hours.

Determining the dosage that will provide light fun is quite difficult, since the body of each person perceives the substance individually, so an overdose often occurs. Signs of an overdose The drug butyrate is often used in excess doses, the symptoms of an overdose are manifested in the fact that a person can cripple his body, because he does not feel pain, falling into a deep sleep, often accompanied by vomiting, which the addict can choke on, coma may develop, which causes cerebral edema and death. The following signs may indicate an overdose:

• Slurred speech that is difficult to understand.
• Drowsiness.
• Pale skin.
• Fixed pupils.
• Weak pulse.
• Lack of coordination of movements.

Such a butyrate effect on the body is very dangerous and can be fatal, you should not try to bring the addict to life on your own, you need to call an ambulance and while waiting for it, do not let the addict fall asleep. Treatment
Treatment of the actions of butyrate on the body of a woman or a man is carried out only in a hospital. A drug addict is not able to stop using it on his own, and taking it constantly, you can live no more than five years. Home treatment will not lead to anything, since the craving for the drug is strong and a breakdown is sure to occur. Treatment of addiction to this drug is provided in several stages. At the first stage, the blood is purified from harmful substances, at the second stage, work is underway to get rid of psychological dependence on this substance. The drug can cause strong dependence, which is most often observed in adolescents and young people, so you should be attentive to your children, since at the initial stage it is much easier to overcome the disease.

Butyrate sodium- once a purely medicinal product with a strange fate. Initially, it was obtained for medical purposes and was used in anesthesiology for breath-sustaining anesthesia. In recent years, it has become widespread among young people in large cities as a powerful synthetic drug. Butyrate is the slang word for sodium oxybutyrate. The formation of dependence occurs extremely quickly and, unfortunately, for a long time, close people do not see the problem. About 3-4 years ago there was an opportunity to legally buy sodium hydroxybutyrate in the network of pharmacies in Russian cities. At the moment, the sale of this drug is discontinued.

History of the manufacture of sodium oxybutyrate

For the first time gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) was obtained in 1874. Initially, the substance was not of any interest to scientists; the French physician Labori played an important role in the study of biology and the distribution of the substance. The drug was introduced into clinical practice in 1960 almost fifty years ago, an interesting fact is that its formula was originally calculated on paper, and the synthesis was made after that. In just one year, Laborie received the results of almost 8 thousand cases of clinical use of the substance. It was found that it has some effects that are not typical for this class of substances. Subsequently, the effect of GHB on the human body was carried out by many foreign and domestic researchers. Many articles are devoted to the possibilities of using sodium hydroxybutyrate in psychiatry and in the treatment of alcoholism. GHB has long been referred to as sleeping pills, and then to nootropic drugs that improve brain activity. Until 1989, all articles about butyrate were positive, noting the good physiological effects of the drug and the absence of long-term negative effects. At the same time, the anabolic effect of this substance was also discovered - when using these drugs by bodybuilders and athletes, muscle mass quickly increased. Also, the tool was widely used as a dietary supplement, it was used uncontrollably and without prescriptions. But soon the over-the-counter sale of the drug was banned, and medical data were accumulated on the complications and poisoning associated with the use of butyrate. This was considered by scientists as a possible threat to public health and there were strict restrictions on circulation. Despite the illegality, oxybutyrate is actively consumed by young people, its synthesis takes place underground and is distributed on the “black market”.

The use of sodium hydroxybutyrate in medicine

In medical practice, the drug is used in neurology for the treatment of sleep disorders due to narcolepsy, and in psychiatry - in patients suffering from neuroses. In therapeutic doses, the substance shows an increase in the body's resistance to oxygen deficiency. It is also used in medical practice as a mildly acting sleeping pill. Research is underway to treat Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, and chronic fatigue syndrome. In some European countries, oxybutyrate is used to get rid of alcohol addiction. Animal experiments and clinical studies have shown that the drug softens the manifestations of a hangover syndrome and causes an improvement in well-being. In ophthalmology, the drug has proven itself to improve vision in patients with glaucoma. In some countries, there are practices using sodium hydroxybutyrate as a non-narcotic agent for shallow anesthesia during simple operations, and even for basic anesthesia for anesthesia in obstetrics, as well as in pediatric surgery, for the elderly. Thus, application oxybutyrate sodium perspective in medicine.

Drug butyrate: effects, action

Action butyrate enhances the effects of other drugs and painkillers, while the substance itself does not have a calming or psychostimulating effect. Effects begin to appear 15-20 minutes after ingestion, and last an average of an hour or two hours, in some cases longer. In a small dose, butyrate causes relaxation, uplifting, a feeling of euphoria, and a desire to communicate a lot. The condition resembles alcohol intoxication with no hangover effect. Therefore, often many do not want to stop at the first dose and continue to take butyrate, as a result, addiction to the substance appears. With an average dose, relaxation of the whole body and inconsistency of speech occur, you want to dance. Sometimes nausea is possible. Increasing the dose leads to deep sleep for several hours. The concentration of the drug in the liver after a couple of uses reaches a critical value, the body is not able to cope with a large amount of toxins and the inhibition reaction begins. Constant drowsiness, inability to sleep, apathy and indifference to others - all this is a negative reaction of inhibition. In the youth environment, a stereotype is imposed, as if butyrate helps to feel directly and freely, overcome communication complexes, and improves mood. To some extent, this is true, sodium oxybutyrate removes barriers, but the barriers of decency, a person simply loses control, begins to behave thoughtlessly and stupidly. With the constant use of the drug, personal degradation quickly develops. A person becomes aggressive and commits inadequate actions, which he would not have dared to do in a normal state. For example, stories of walking or jogging in the nude are not uncommon. Memory lapses are possible. Nine times out of ten, the use of butyrate along with alcohol produces unexpected results instead of a positive effect. At the same time, it is easy not to calculate the required dose, if for the first time a person did not receive the expected effect in the form of euphoria due to a weak solution, perhaps the next time he will receive a real concentration, which may well lead to a painful death.

The sad consequences of taking sodium butyrate

There is not a single drug or potent substance that would have such an effect on the mental state and make a person more and more crazy, strong, and, unfortunately, often, irreversible changes occur in his brain. The whole organism as a whole also suffers: the liver, lungs, reproductive system. Therefore, the desire to present butyrate as a safe option for entertainment on the Internet or in a company is, at its core, a deception or an attempt to mislead. Sodium butyrate gives disastrous results. DVRs constantly record road accidents in which many people are under butyrate died, they just suddenly fell asleep at the wheel and crashed to death. Even without taking the statistics of accidents, due to the sudden loss of control over their bodies when using butyrate in excess doses, many were injured as a result of falling from stairs or windows, while working with various complex technical devices. Many, considering such a drug harmless, exceeded the permissible dose and fell into a medical coma, very young people stopped breathing and heart. The teenager fell into a deep sleep and died, choking on vomit. In the United States alone, over 60 deaths have been officially recorded in recent years. Sodium hydroxybutyrate is a dangerous drug that is both psychologically and physically addictive, shortening life and contributing to early death. The consequences of taking the drug are terrifying and develop very quickly. The drug is produced in an artisanal way, often using extremely toxic substances in the synthesis, while suppliers advertise it as a "purified" and "chemically modified" product, i.e. disseminate deliberately false information about legal and new types of butyrate. The harm done to the body, especially to the fragile psyche of a teenager, is catastrophic, and the consequences are unpredictable. There are extremely rare cases when a teenager, having taken the first dose, would be limited only to her. Sodium hydroxybutyrate and drugs similar in chemical composition do not contribute to the development of severe physical addiction, however, their regular use forms a persistent psychological dependence. The withdrawal syndrome manifests itself very clearly in the form of severe dizziness, anxiety, insomnia and chest pains that do not go away. Below is a good example - video of human behavior.

lowers cholesterol levels, reduces the risk of inflammatory bowel disease, colon cancer, type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and possibly treats obesity.

What is butyrate and what is its effect on the body

sodium butyrate has the formula CH3-CH2-CH2-COONa. Not to be confused with the drug sodium oxybutyrate, which has a different formula HO-CH2-CH2-CH2-COONa This is very important!!!

sodium butyrate is a short chain fatty acid. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are produced by beneficial bacteria in our gut and are an important part of the gut microflora. And, as we know, it greatly affects health and life expectancy. SCFAs are the main source of nutrition for our body's colon cells and play an important role in human health. SCFAs reduce the risk of inflammatory diseases, obesity, and heart disease.

• www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26925050

Butyrate may be a possible treatment for colitis (inflammation of the colon), and antibiotic-associated diarrhea (indigestion due to treatment with many antibiotics). There is even some evidence that butyrate plays an important role in the prevention of colon cancer by inhibiting angiogenesis (blood supply to cancerous tumors)

• www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9678808

About 95% of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) in the body are only 3 types:

• Acetate
• Propionate
• Butyrate

• www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24136789

What you need to eat to get butyrate.

Many fruits, vegetables and legumes are associated with an increase in short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) in the diet due to the fact that the fiber from them is food for bacteria that synthesize SCFA. A butyrate can generally be obtained directly from food directly - in particular butyrate exist in .

• www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21430242

Human clinical trials have shown that a high intake of plant foods is associated with increased levels of SCFAs (including butyrate) in the large intestine. Therefore, it is very important to eat raw plant foods daily.

• https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT02118857
• http://gut.bmj.com/content/early/2015/09/03/gutjnl-2015-309957
• www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7361693

Certain coarse fibers (inulin, fructooligosaccharides, resistant starch, pectin, arabinoxylan, guar gum) from foods increase the production of short chain fatty acids in the colon.

• Jerusalem artichoke, garlic, leeks, onions, wheat, rye and asparagus contain inulin.
• Fructooligosaccharides are abundant in bananas, onions, garlic and asparagus.
• Resistant starch contains barley, rice, beans, green bananas.
• Pectin is most found in apples, apricots, carrots, oranges.
• Arabinoxylan is found in cereals - especially wheat bran.
• Guar gum is found in guar beans.

• www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11427691
• www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1265942/

Butyrate and digestive disorders, as well as inflammatory bowel disease.

Butyrate action on the body - prevents and treats inflammation of the colon

SCFAs are useful in the treatment and prevention of digestive disorders. For example, butyrate from butter has anti-inflammatory effects in the intestines

• www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11024006

Potatoes and apples reduce diarrhea in children - this has been noticed for a long time. Some gut bacteria convert starch from potatoes and pectins from apples into short-chain fatty acids that treat diarrhea.

• www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20148677
• www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15139502

Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are the two main types of chronic inflammatory bowel disease. Bwipe away from butter is used to treat these diseases. Studies in mice have shown that supplements butyrate reduced intestinal inflammation, and a decrease in short-chain fatty acids was conversely associated with progression of ulcerative colitis. The same results were obtained in studies in humans. So additives butyrate in clinical trials led to improvement and even remission of the disease in 53% of patients with Crohn's disease.

• www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21658926
• www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19865172
• www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16225487
• www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8943981
• www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10795763

A study involving 22 patients showed that eating just 60 grams of oat bran per day for 3 months improved the condition of patients with ulcerative colitis.

• www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12769445

And short-chain fatty acid enemas, twice a day for 6 weeks, reduced the symptoms of ulcerative colitis by 13%.

• www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9176076

Butyrate and colon cancer

Butyrate effect on the body - reduces the risk of colon cancer

Short-chain fatty acids may play a key role in the prevention and treatment of certain types of cancer, mainly colon cancer, by inhibiting angiogenesis (the blood supply to cancerous tumors)

• www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20715114
• www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003986108003378

Laboratory studies show that butyrate, which is contained in, prevents the growth of colon cancer tumor cells and contributes to their destruction.

• www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20979106
• www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3144695
• www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16633129
• www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19383551
• www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16633129
• www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15213223

Several observational studies in humans, as well as a number of animal studies, also indicate an association between high fiber from plant foods and a reduced risk of colon cancer, which may be due in part to the production of short-chain fatty acids. Studies have also shown that in mice that contain butyrate- producing bacteria, there are 75% fewer colon tumors.

• www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16633129
• www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14747692
• www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9363991
• www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25266735

Interestingly, when animals eat food rich in fiber (in those animals that do not have bacteria in the intestines that produce from fiber butyrate), there is no decrease in colon tumors. And vice versa - the presence in the intestine of bacteria that produce butyrate, but no protective effect against cancer was observed without dietary fiber.Fiber is food for bacteria that, when fed, produce butyrate cancer-protective large intestine. And this all speaks in favor of the fact that the protective role against colon cancer lies largely on the short-chain fatty acid. butyrate.

• www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4258155/
• www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12737858
• www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9895396
• www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16352792
• www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17490973

Butyrate and type 2 diabetes

Butyrate effect on the body - reduces the risk of developing diabetes

A review of the evidence showed that butyrate can have positive consequences for both animals and humans diagnosed with . The same review also highlights that it is likely that people with type 2 diabetes have few micro-organisms in the gut that synthesize butyrate. And therefore, type 2 diabetes is partly due to a violation of the intestinal microflora.

• www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24833634
• www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24325907
• www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21846371
• www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16857835

Butyrate promotes weight loss in animals, but human studies are needed.

The composition of microorganisms in the gut can influence nutrient absorption and also regulates fat metabolism, increasing fat burning and reducing body fat.

• www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25274213
• www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4734206/
• www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23821742
• www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22506074
• www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19469536
• www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18499755

Several animal studies have shown that after 5 weeks of treatment butyrate mice obese animals lost 10.2% of their original body weight, including body fat decreased by 10%.

• www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17485860
• www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2699871/

However, there is not enough evidence in humans. Basically, these are animal studies, and it is too early to draw conclusions.

Butyrate reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Butyrate effect on the body - reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease

Many observational studies have found a link between high fiber content in food (and fiber is food for bacteria that synthesize butyrate) and reduced risk of heart disease and inflammatory diseases. And inflammation can damage the vascular endothelium, contributing to damage to blood vessels and the heart.

• www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24355537
• www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2603616/
• www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14980987
• http://ajcn.nutrition.org/content/82/6/1185
• www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16407729

Also, animal and human studies have shown that some short-chain fatty acids (including butyrate) may lower cholesterol

• www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18642346
• www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16633129
• www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16611381
• www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7547838
• www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19661687
• www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26064905

Do I need to take butyrate supplements?

Additives butyrate(magnesium butyrate, calcium butyrate or sodium butyrate) are widely available commercially. However, supplements with butyrate can mostly be absorbed before they reach the colon. As a rule, they are absorbed already in the small intestine, not reaching the large intestine. Some studies have shown that such supplements reach the large intestine, but such studies are few and hard evidence is not yet available. At the same time, increasing the amount of fiber in food is the most reliable way to increase butyrate in the large intestine. Therefore, it is best to simply eat plenty of fiber-rich foods. But studies have shown that not all people have bacteria capable of synthesizing butyrate(bacteria can die due to malnutrition). It will be useful for such people to eat, and also to use as a source of such bacteria. For vegans, plant fermentation products (such as kombucha) can be a source of such bacteria.

Conclusions:

• Butyrate reduces cholesterol levels, reduces the risk of inflammatory bowel disease, the risk of colon cancer, heart disease, and possibly obesity.
• food source for bacteria that synthesize butyrate in the large intestine, is food rich in vegetable fiber (vegetables are better raw, cereals, etc.).
• The source of the bacteria themselves, which produce butyrate from fiber, in the large intestine can be kefir, and for vegans, kombucha.
• As a last resort, butyrate supplements can be tried, but their effectiveness is still questionable.

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