Progesterone overdose. What side effects can progesterone cause? Injection

Without progesterone, pregnancy is impossible: it not only ensures the implantation process itself, but also participates in the growth and formation of the fetus, and also supports pregnancy. Low levels of this hormone can lead to underdevelopment of the embryo and spontaneous miscarriage.

Progesterone is synthesized in the female body throughout the entire menstrual cycle: during ovulation, corpus luteum is formed in the ovaries, which begin to intensively produce the necessary hormone. For what?

Progesterone takes an active part in the implantation process, it allows the fertilized egg to attach to the uterine walls, and also controls the intensity of uterine contractions, preventing the possibility of spontaneous abortion.

Progesterone levels usually rise in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, which creates favorable conditions and prepares the way for the development of the embryo and the normal course of pregnancy.

In addition, progesterone also performs other functions in the body: it prevents the formation of fibrous cystic formations, promotes the use of adipose tissue to release additional energy, and stabilizes glucose levels and blood viscosity.

Progesterone is an important element of a woman’s reproductive health, both during the period of planning, gestation, and throughout life.

How does progesterone affect pregnancy?

Progesterone supports pregnancy throughout its entire duration. It promotes the transition of the endometrium into the state of decidual tissue, which has the ability to attach the embryo to itself and ensure its full development. Progesterone controls the tone of the uterine walls and also strengthens the muscles of the cervix, which significantly reduces the risk of miscarriage.

A decrease in the amount of progesterone during pregnancy leads to irreversible consequences - termination of pregnancy. It is believed that the level of progesterone in the blood in an amount less than 7 ng/ml (from 4 to 10 weeks) is an indicator of an imminent termination of pregnancy. The level of this hormone in the blood should be elevated throughout the entire period of gestation.

The hormone progesterone in the first trimester of pregnancy enhances the production of necessary substances for the nutrition and vital functions of the fetus. The level of the hormone increases as pregnancy progresses and by the last weeks reaches more than 400 ng/ml.

Norm of progesterone during pregnancy

With successful fertilization of the egg and normal functioning of the corpus luteum, progesterone will begin to be synthesized at an accelerated rate in the early stages of pregnancy. After 16 weeks of gestation, the production of the hormone rests almost entirely on the placental membrane of the fetus, which at this time can already fully perform its functions.

Over the course of each month, the level of the hormone will inevitably increase: by its amount, the doctor can determine the condition of the placental membrane and the absence of pathology in the development of the embryo. Typically, women are tested for progesterone more than once during pregnancy in order to be able to control the amount of the hormone.

The normal levels of progesterone in the blood in different laboratories may differ slightly, so when taking tests, check the consistency of the indicators with your doctor or directly in the laboratory. The most common indicator scheme is the following:

• First trimester – 11.2-90.0 ng/ml
• Second trimester – 25.6-89.4 ng/ml
• Third trimester – 48.4-422.5 ng/ml

You should take a blood test for hormones in the morning on an empty stomach. If you are taking any medications, be sure to inform the laboratory about this, as some medications may distort actual progesterone levels.

Increased progesterone during pregnancy can signal the development of some pathology in the body, for example, disturbances in the formation of the placental membrane.

Low progesterone during pregnancy can signal the following problems in the body:

• threat of miscarriage;
• threat of frozen pregnancy;
• decreased functionality of the placenta;
• malformations and deficiencies in fetal development;
• in the later stages creates a risk of post-term pregnancy.

Pregnancy with low progesterone is supported by the prescription of hormonal drugs that stabilize the level of the hormone in the blood.

17-OH progesterone during pregnancy

What is 17-one progesterone? This is a metabolite, an intermediate product of the biochemical reaction in the synthesis of progesterone. Its production occurs in the ovaries, adrenal glands and placenta. Very often women worry about high levels of this hormone. However, we can reassure you: the level of 17-one progesterone can fluctuate within quite wide limits, and there is no generally accepted norm for it during pregnancy. Laboratories themselves can give a relative determination of the level of hydroxyprogesterone, however, this is only a rough estimate of the analysis.

The reasons for the increase in 17-one progesterone during pregnancy are a simultaneous increase in the concentration of regular progesterone. 17-hydroxyprogesterone is also synthesized by the placenta, but from the second trimester its production by the adrenal glands of the embryo begins.

Elevated levels of hydroxyprogesterone are not considered a pathology. When the amount of regular progesterone is within the acceptable range, there is no need to worry about exceeding the level of 17-one progesterone.

Progesterone levels by week of pregnancy

The hormone progesterone gradually increases over the weeks of pregnancy. It is not necessary to strictly monitor it; the doctor sends the woman for analysis only if she suspects deviations from the norm in one direction or another.

• at 1 week of pregnancy – 11.2> ng/ml
• at 2 weeks of pregnancy – 11.2> ng/ml
• at 3 weeks of pregnancy – 15.0> ng/ml
• at 4 weeks of pregnancy – 18.8> ng/ml
• at 5 weeks of pregnancy – 19.0-22.0 ng/ml
• at 6 weeks of pregnancy – 20.0-32.0 ng/ml
• at 7 weeks of pregnancy – 30.0-37.0 ng/ml
• at 8 weeks of pregnancy – 30.0-39.0 ng/ml
• at 9 weeks of pregnancy – 33.0-45.0 ng/ml
• at 10 weeks of pregnancy – 38.0-50.0 ng/ml

Progesterone continues to increase in the second trimester of pregnancy, reaching 90 ng/ml.

When deciphering the indicators, be sure to take into account the fact that only your doctor can evaluate this type of analysis based on data from the specific laboratory where the blood was donated, since the standards for each research center may be different.

Progesterone during twin pregnancy in early pregnancy and up to 7-8 weeks can increase according to normal rates, regardless of the presence of more fetuses.

Progesterone drugs during pregnancy

Medicines containing progesterone can be prescribed mainly when the production of one’s own progesterone is reduced, as well as as preventive and therapeutic measures aimed at reducing the risk of threatening spontaneous miscarriage.

If the function of the corpus luteum is insufficient in the first trimester, progesterone is administered daily or every other day until the risk of miscarriage is completely eliminated. For so-called “habitual” spontaneous abortions, hormonal agents are used until the fourth month of pregnancy.

Progesterone medications are usually prescribed until the 36th week of gestation, after which the use of such medications is discontinued.

The most common progesterone preparations today are duphaston, utrozhestan and, in fact, progesterone (its analogue - ingesta) - an injection solution. These drugs can be prescribed in the first and second trimesters of pregnancy; the appropriateness of use, as well as the dosage and treatment regimen are prescribed by the doctor. Self-medication with hormonal drugs is strictly unacceptable!

How to increase progesterone during pregnancy?

The first, most effective and acceptable method is medication. According to indications, the doctor may prescribe one or more progesterone drugs:

• oil solution of progesterone - use 10-25 mg daily or every other day until the threat of miscarriage disappears;
• ingesta - injection solution, inject 0.5-2.5 ml of 1% solution daily or every other day;
• Utrozhestan - progesterone capsules, can be used both orally and intravaginally. Prescribe 200-400 mg orally every 6-8 hours, the maintenance dose is 100-200 mg three times a day. Intravaginal use involves administering the drug at a dosage of 100-200 mg per dose every 12 hours until the 12th week of pregnancy;
• Duphaston is a synthetic analogue of progesterone (dydrogesterone), prescribed 10 mg every 8 hours. The duration of treatment is determined by the doctor individually; the drug can be used until 14-20 weeks of pregnancy.

Folk remedies for increasing the level of progesterone in the blood exist, but their use during pregnancy can have unpredictable consequences, so the possibility of using herbs and infusions should be assessed by your doctor.

If progesterone levels are not critically low, they can also be increased with a special diet. A woman’s daily diet should include a sufficient amount of legumes, nuts, dairy products, various types of meat, eggs, soy, and hard cheeses. And the most important condition is not to worry! After all, your unborn child, who has absolutely no need for this, is also worried with you.

Whatever the result of your test for progesterone during pregnancy, you should not draw hasty conclusions on your own. Go to the doctor for an appointment, he will explain everything to you. Most likely, after visiting the doctor you will have no reason to worry! Modern medicine is able to control hormone levels for a normal pregnancy.

The body, even in its infancy, is quite strong. And yet, conditions are needed for its development. Progesterone during early pregnancy is intended to create them. In this situation, the ratio and volume of hormones is generally very important. An imbalance in this area can create conditions for termination of pregnancy and increases the likelihood of the formation of irreparable problems, which is why it is so important to monitor it and, in case of deviation, correct it.

Read in this article

Why do you need progesterone: details

Progesterone is a steroid hormone that is produced by the human endocrine system. It is present in both women and men, however, it plays the greatest role in the process of conception, during the period of bearing a child. The hormone is produced by the body in addition to pregnancy. It participates in the cycle, contributing to the replacement of the obsolete layer of the internal cavity of the shell with a new one.

Progesterone levels during early pregnancy are completely determined by the correct functioning of the ovaries. It is these organs that produce the hormone. Its task is to eliminate excessive activity of the uterus after the fertilized egg has implanted in it. When the organ contracts, it is rejected and brought out.

Progesterone is responsible for:

• attachment of a fertilized egg to the walls of the uterus;
• prevention of fetal rejection (prepares the woman’s immunity to accept a protein with the genetic structure of the child’s father);
• preparing the organs and systems of the expectant mother for bearing a baby and for childbirth;
• forms the endometrium in such a way that it becomes a reliable bed for securing the fertilized egg for a long time, which is very important at the initial stage of pregnancy, when the fetus is still weak and undeveloped, and the auxiliary organs have not formed;
• growth of the mammary glands and their preparation for breastfeeding;
• stimulation of natural growth of the uterus;
• relaxation of the muscles of the uterus, preventing its premature contraction;
• state of the nervous system of a pregnant woman;
• accumulation of subcutaneous fat in a pregnant woman to provide the fetus with the necessary nutrition.

If there is not enough progesterone in a woman’s body, fertilization may not occur at all. Progesterone also helps maintain blood viscosity levels and glucose levels. The first circumstance is mandatory for maintaining pregnancy, and the second for ensuring nutrition of the fetus.

A lack of this hormone can provoke various complications, so if necessary, a woman is prescribed progesterone tablets or injections during early pregnancy. If the hormone levels are critical, hospitalization may be required.

How is the amount of progesterone determined?

The amount of “pregnancy hormone” can be easily determined through a blood test of the expectant mother. In the early stages, diagnosis is carried out only if there are indications (for example, there are chronic diseases of the genital organs, there have been previous miscarriages, etc.). During the normal course of pregnancy (in the absence of risks of termination) progesterone test It is recommended to take it in the second half of pregnancy. It is important to monitor the level of the hormone in case of...

Diagnosis is carried out on an empty stomach. There are certain recommendations
regarding preparation for the test:

• stop taking hormonal medications two days before;
• eliminate stress and nervous tension in a day;
• three to four hours before the diagnosis, do not smoke (of course, it is advisable not to smoke at all).

Before diagnosis, you can drink clean, still water. As a last resort, tests may be taken during the day if the woman had a low-fat breakfast and at least 6 hours have passed since eating.

How much progesterone should be normal?

Progesterone levels during early pregnancy should adhere to certain values, but are not constant. At the initial stage, the hormone is produced by the ovaries. His co quantity fluctuates in the body of a non-pregnant woman at different stages of the menstrual cycle.After fertilization, the amount of progesterone becomes more or less constant in proportion to the timing.

Progesterone levels during early pregnancy and closer to delivery it differs significantly: it gradually changes towards an increase. The adrenal glands and ovaries are responsible for the production of the hormone. In the second and third trimester it is produced by the placenta.

Its value during the first 2 weeks is 1-1.5 n/mol. Over the next 14 days, the organs increase its production to 2 n/mol, which stimulates the uterus to accept a fertilized egg. After its implementation, the body increases the volume of the hormone by 3-29 n/mol per day. Progesterone levels in early pregnancy ranges from 12 ng/ml, in later stages it can reach 172 ng/ml.

Table of progesterone during early pregnancy provides for a certain percentage of error in the indicator values ​​(approximately 10%), since the body of each woman is special.

The volumes of the hormone in the blood are also influenced by the unique characteristics of the body, which can make them different from standard values. Moreover, for a particular woman these progesterone values ​​will be normal. But only a specialist can draw conclusions about this.

Watch this video about when and why progesterone is prescribed during pregnancy:

Progesterone deficiency: what is it and why?

Unfortunately, not all women are doing well with their body’s production of the “pregnancy hormone”. Before conception, this is expressed by a jumping, uneven cycle, frequent delays, and scanty periods.

Low progesterone during pregnancy in the early stages creates a threat of its interruption, that is, the separation of the fertilized egg from the uterine mucosa and its rejection. This occurs due to increased contractile activity of the smooth muscles of the organ. This indicator may also indicate an ectopic location of the ovum, which should be disposed of at an early stage.

Lack of progesterone may also signal a developmental delay of the fetus, a frozen pregnancy, or the presence of complications (for example, gestosis, fetoplacental insufficiency, etc.). Post-term pregnancy can also provoke decreased progesterone . Therefore, if the expected date of birth has passed, a hormone analysis will tell you whether the post-maturity is true or whether there is an error in the calculations.

If the placenta is old and does not meet the baby’s needs, a decision is made to stimulate delivery.

Lack of progesterone during pregnancy has clear, although not always pronounced, symptoms:

• increased uterine tone;
• weak vaginal discharge with bloody impurities, having the character;
• nagging pain in the lower triangle of the abdomen, radiating to the lower back;
• partial, noticeable according to ultrasound results.

There are also “external” signs of progesterone deficiency, among which are:

• mood swings, aggressiveness, irritability, depression;
• dryness in the vagina, causing pain during sexual intercourse;
• increasing the function of the sebaceous glands;
• excessive body hair;
• changes in blood pressure;
• appearance of acne;
• bloating, constipation, flatulence;
• violation of the body's thermoregulation (increase or decrease in temperature).

Signs can also be observed in those who have not previously known problems with the volume of this hormone. But if a woman had difficulties with her cycle or conception, she will almost certainly have a difficult pregnancy. In this case, low progesterone during pregnancy, the symptoms of which are not obvious, should be revealed by the results of a blood test for hormones.

A pregnant woman undergoes serious changes in her body, so the appearance of the described symptoms may not be related to hormone levels. Therefore, a lack of progesterone during early pregnancy should be monitored by a doctor.

If the analysis confirms concerns, the doctor will prescribe therapy that replenishes the volume of the substance. Using medications accurately selected by a specialist, many women managed to safely bear and give birth to healthy children.

High progesterone levels: what do they mean?

Increased progesterone during early pregnancy is observed much less frequently. At best, this is evidence of multiple births. Naturally, two or three embryos require more effort from the body to develop than one. Hence the increase in the substance index.

Progesterone during early pregnancy that is higher than normal may be a sign of kidney pathology in the mother, abnormalities in the formation of the placenta (hydatidiform mole), and disturbances in the functioning of the adrenal glands. Therefore, you should not strive to accumulate this hormone “in reserve”; this indicator also requires adjustment.

Excess progesterone during pregnancy has the following symptoms:

• increased fatigue;
• bleeding and a disproportionately enlarged uterus, if the cause of increased hormone values ​​is a problem in the development of the placenta. This sign does not always exist;
• drowsiness;
• nausea;
• heartburn, problems with digesting food;
• constipation.

Most of the symptoms are observed during a normal pregnancy. That is why in its initial period it is so important to take hormone tests and be examined in general. It should be remembered that taking certain medications can change the diagnostic results, so it is important to consult a doctor before taking the test.

Lack of progesterone during early pregnancy

Lack of progesterone during pregnancy leads to early miscarriage. Its symptoms include pain in the lower abdomen, lower back, and bleeding. If progesterone has dropped and the fetus is viable, the hormone is prescribed in medications to preserve the pregnancy.

What threatens the decline?

A decrease in progesterone prevents the development of pregnancy; it is interrupted both in the early and late stages. If the fall is not critical, then the fetus does not receive enough nutrition through the placenta. This impairs its growth and organ formation.

Symptoms of deficiency

During pregnancy, a lack of progesterone manifests itself:

• pain in the lower abdomen, sacrum, lower back;
• feeling of heaviness;
• increased uterine tone;
• blood discharge - from spotting, drips to intense ones at the beginning of an abortion.

What to do if progesterone has dropped

If progesterone has dropped, then you need to urgently consult a gynecologist. This means a threat to the continuation of pregnancy, dysfunction of the placenta. The tactics of action will depend entirely on the results of the examination. It is forbidden to take medications, herbs, or dietary supplements on your own.

Watch this video about the causes and correction of progesterone deficiency:

How to correct progesterone deficiency and excess

To successfully carry a child, low progesterone during early pregnancy must be raised. Often, specialists for this purpose prescribe a drug that contains the necessary substance created artificially. It will help if the indicator numbers do not differ much from normal.

Its analogue is Utrozhestan, which is of plant origin and is therefore sometimes the most preferred. Both products can be taken either orally or vaginally.

To raise progesterone, injections during early pregnancy are more effective, especially when a high level of threat of interruption is detected. The drug quickly reaches the blood, relieving dangerous symptoms. Already an hour after injection into the muscle, the volume of the hormone is normalized, and after 6 hours it is maximum. A specialist should prescribe injections based not only on the existing need, but also on the possible negative consequences for the mother.

Progesterone in ampoules can harm those with high blood viscosity, diabetes, bronchial asthma, cardiovascular disease or chronic renal failure. Otherwise, treatment with it is safe, quite easily tolerated, and in order for the drug to dissolve faster, the ampoule is warmed in the hands for some time before injection.

Therapy for an increased hormone level should be focused on eliminating the cause that caused it.

Is it dangerous to take progesterone?

Some women take medications during the planning stage of conception to help the body prepare for pregnancy and pregnancy. It should be remembered that increased levels of this hormone can also cause complications. For example, the likelihood of occurrence increases due to decreased motility of the fallopian tubes. Therefore, only a doctor should prescribe treatment.

Elevated risk of taking progesterone occurs in the first 4 months of pregnancy. This hormone, entering the body artificially, can provoke various malformations of the fetus.

However, if a woman does not have enough of this hormone, the possible risks should be compared with the expected effect of treatment. No doctor will risk the possibility of miscarriage if the hormone level in the expectant mother is significantly reduced.

If progesterone levels in the early stages pregnancies have stabilized during treatment, it is still necessary to carefully monitor hormone levels until delivery.

If a woman does not want to keep the child, there is an opportunity to use progesterone for early pregnancy termination . The procedure is called “” and consists of the following: the pregnant woman takes a progesterone antagonist (mifepristone), which blocks the action of the “pregnancy hormone”. Because of this, the nutrition of the fetal egg is disrupted and a miscarriage occurs.

Hemotest for progesterone during pregnancy

A hemotest for progesterone is prescribed to pregnant women if there are signs of miscarriage (pain in the lower abdomen, spotting), and also if there have been previous miscarriages, IVF has been performed, or the woman has received treatment with hormonal drugs. In order to get an accurate result week by week, it is necessary to exclude the influence of medications, alcohol, and overexertion.

How to get tested

You need to take a progesterone test in compliance with the following rules:

• on an empty stomach (break in meals for about 9-10 hours);
• It is forbidden to drink alcohol the day before;
• 2-3 days in advance, it is important to discuss with the gynecologist the possibility of discontinuing hormonal medications; if this is not recommended, then their name and dose will be indicated on the referral;
• Arrive at the laboratory before 10 a.m.

The results are usually ready the next day after the blood is taken.

Norm by week: table

Normally, progesterone levels increase over the weeks; average values ​​are determined from the table. During the normal course of pregnancy, there is not always complete correspondence of values, so most gynecologists focus on clinical signs, as well as individual rates of increase in the hormone in the blood.

For twins

Progesterone levels in twins and other types of multiple pregnancies are higher; they increase approximately 1.5-2 times faster than in the presence of one child. But multiple pregnancy can be more accurately determined using tests for human chorionic gonadotropin and alpha-fetoprotein, and ultrasound.

Reasons why it doesn't grow

Progesterone does not increase during pregnancy with its pathological course, most often the reasons are:

• risk of miscarriage;
• ectopic fixation of the ovum;
• frozen;
• disturbances in the formation of the placenta.

They are based on:

• hormonal disbalance;
• immunological incompatibility;
• infections, inflammatory processes;
• age (from 35 years);
• fetal development anomalies, genetic diseases;
• external factors - stress, poor nutrition, physical overload.

Not enough progesterone: what to do

If there is not enough progesterone, then gynecologists prescribe its analogues in tablets - Utrozhestan, Duphaston. Injection forms are used less frequently. Self-medication with hormones and other drugs during pregnancy is prohibited. It is also not recommended to use herbs and dietary supplements without a doctor.

A diet rich in animal fats (dairy products, meat, fish) and vitamins (bell peppers, raspberries, whole grains, leafy greens) helps increase hormone levels. Stress has a negative effect on progesterone, so it is important:

• walk in the fresh air for at least an hour a day;
• get enough sleep at night;
• rest during the day;
• give up coffee, smoking, and drinking alcohol.

What are the consequences if you fall in the first trimester?

A drop in progesterone in the first trimester of pregnancy threatens its termination. This is accompanied by pain and heaviness in the lower abdomen, general weakness, spotting blood from the genital tract. Such signs mean the need to urgently consult a doctor.

If there are symptoms of the onset of spontaneous abortion, then the pain becomes intense, cramping, and the bleeding intensifies. In this case, you need complete rest and immediate call for emergency medical help.

Excess hormone

An excess of progesterone during pregnancy does not require correction unless examination reveals hydatidiform mole and chorionic carcinoma. These complications of embryonic membrane formation are rare. They are characterized by the release of dark blood with bubbles and severe toxicosis.

Possible factors for the increase in progesterone include decreased kidney function and increased activity of the adrenal glands. In this case, blood pressure often increases, and swelling is possible. In such cases, treatment is required by the underlying disease, since high progesterone is just its consequence.

Progesterone drugs during pregnancy

Progesterone drugs during pregnancy are prescribed in the form of injections (Progesterone, Inzhesta), tablets (Duphaston, Utrozhestan). Modern remedies recommended by a gynecologist do not have a negative effect on the fetus. Side effects include drowsiness and swelling. In case of overdose, nausea and bloating are possible. The withdrawal of medications is carried out under the control of blood tests, in the form of a gradual reduction in dose.

Early injections

Progesterone injections are indicated in the early stages of pregnancy when there is a threat of miscarriage. They help reduce the tone of the uterus and prevent fetal rejection. The hormone is effective only if the cause of miscarriage is progesterone deficiency. After normalization of the patient’s condition, they are most often transferred to taking a tablet form of the hormone.

Pills

During pregnancy, the effectiveness and safety of Utrozhestan and Duphaston have been proven. They are used to prevent miscarriage. Appointment is recommended for:

• previously established progesterone deficiency;
• threat of miscarriage that arose for the first time during the current pregnancy;
• conception during IVF;
• long-term treatment of hormonal and immune forms of infertility.

For habitual miscarriages, progesterone support can last up to 20 weeks.

Effect on the fetus

In a therapeutic dose, progesterone does not have a damaging effect on the fetus. This applies to the drugs Utrozhestan and Duphaston, which have undergone clinical trials and are used to maintain pregnancy. For other medicines, there are no guarantees of complete safety.

Side effects

The main side effects of medications containing progesterone are: associated with the effect of the hormone on the brain:

• drowsiness,
• lethargy,
• headache,
• dizziness.

Due to impaired bile secretion, jaundice, skin itching and rashes rarely occur. If you use the vaginal route of administration of Utrozhestan, then vaginal itching, burning, and oily discharge are possible.

Overdose symptoms

An overdose of progesterone causes nausea, constant weakness, and increased dizziness. In such cases, the dose may be reduced for a while. In the future, if there is increased sensitivity, it is recommended to take the drug before bed.

How does cancellation work?

Progesterone should be withdrawn with a gradual dose reduction. Start by reducing half the tablet every 3-5 days. A pregnant woman must be under constant medical supervision. The gynecologist monitors uterine tone, the condition of the fetus and placenta using ultrasound, and prescribes blood tests for hormone levels. Abruptly stopping medication can cause a risk of miscarriage.

How else is pregnancy regulated at the initial stage?

You should not think that progesterone alone will make it possible for the expectant mother to cope with the many months of work. The activity of the body in any period of life and position cannot be accomplished without the management of other substances. In anticipation of a new addition to the family, many of them change quantitatively. Hormones during early pregnancy are produced not only by the endocrine glands and reproductive organs.

At the initial stage, the following changes are recorded:

• The pituitary gland works more intensely, suppressing the production of FSH and LH. During the entire period of pregnancy, the new reproductive cell does not mature, and there are no menstruation. But the production of prolactin increases. The substance is responsible for the subsequent production of breast milk, which contributes to changes in the mammary glands from the very beginning.
• The hormones that ensure the functioning of the thyroid and adrenal glands also increase quantitatively in the early stages of pregnancy. And they determine the healthy gestation and development of the embryo.
• The placenta adds free estriol and lactogen to the blood. Their level determines the likelihood of the baby developing chromosomal abnormalities, blood supply to the uterine tissue, and dilation of the mammary gland ducts.
• The amount of estradiol increases, which allows you to carry a child to term normally. It is now produced not only by the ovaries, but also by the placenta. At the initial stage of pregnancy, estradiol must be present in the body in the required quantity, otherwise it will not be possible to carry it through, despite the optimal amount of progesterone.

HCG and early pregnancy

Based on the results of the analysis, a new substance is discovered - human chorionic gonadotropin. This hormone helps to accurately determine pregnancy in the early stages. It is produced by the fetal membrane immediately after implantation of the fertilized egg in the uterine cavity. The amount of progesterone and estrogen largely depends on the amount of hCG. If there is a deficiency, the likelihood of interruption becomes closer than ever.

The longer the pregnancy, the higher the hCG values ​​should become. Therefore, throughout the entire period of time, one has to take a hormone test more than once. Thanks to this feature, a specialist can easily establish not only the fact of the existence of a new life, but also the period.

HCG also makes it known about irreparable defects in the formation of the fetus, which will allow it to be interrupted in time. Its differences from normal values ​​may be evidence of multiple pregnancy, diabetes mellitus in a woman, which sometimes manifests itself against the background of a new condition, or ectopic pregnancy.

Timely tracking of hubbub HCG and progesterone in early pregnancy will help assess the general condition of the body and choose the right treatment methods if necessary. You should not prescribe therapy on your own - you can aggravate the situation and provoke various kinds of complications (including miscarriage). Following the doctor's recommendations will help improve the well-being of the pregnant woman and prevent unwanted consequences.

More about estradiol

This substance, in fact, makes a woman such. It participates in the formation of her reproductive system, the outline of her figure, regulates the menstrual cycle and sexual desire.

Is progesterone used to terminate early pregnancy?

Progesterone is not prescribed for termination of pregnancy, either early or late. In non-pregnant women, it is used to induce menstruation, but has no abortifacient effect upon conception.

And more about the purpose and how to take Duphaston during pregnancy.

Progesterone during early pregnancy, as well as the levels of other hormones, are an indicator of its successful course. At the initial stage, these indicators turn out to be decisive, since it is not too late to correct the mistakes of nature using modern medical capabilities.

Progesterone: instructions for use and reviews

Latin name: Progesterone

ATX code: G03DA04

Active substance: progesterone

Manufacturer: Dalkhimfarm OJSC (Russia), ANHUI CHENGSHI MANUFACTURE MEDICINE, Co. Ltd. (China), PJSC "Biopharma" (Ukraine)

Updating the description and photo: 26.10.2018

Nature very well thinks through all the conditions for human development at all stages. Even in its infancy, the embryo already feels cared for and provided for. However, the slightest failure in the support system can be dangerous and end in disaster. Everything needs to be kept under control, including progesterone levels during pregnancy.

What is progesterone

In both women and men, a hormone called progesterone circulates through the bloodstream. It plays the greatest role when it comes to the reproductive role of a person. This applies to both gestation and the process of conception. However, it can be detected not only during pregnancy. Progesterone has a significant effect on the renewal of the inner layer lining the uterus.

It is very important that the earliest stages of pregnancy are accompanied by the correct amount of this hormone. It is thanks to him that the fertilized egg gets a chance to consolidate in the uterus and further develop. Without it, this muscular organ contracts, pushing out the embryo, and gets rid of it. And since progesterone is produced in the ovaries, it is very important to monitor the correct functioning of these organs.

In fact, the functions of this hormone are much broader than described above. A more complete list can be described as follows:

• Progesterone helps the fertilized egg attach to the walls of the uterus and stay there.
• It provides a kind of introduction to the female body with the protein of the embryo, because it also contains the father’s DNA. Without this, the immune system perceives new cells as a kind of virus and gets rid of it. Partly because of this ability of the body, in the first months of pregnancy a woman’s body is very weak and vulnerable to all sorts of diseases.
• The hormone prepares the entire body of the expectant mother for the difficult and grueling period of bearing a child, as well as for the process of giving birth to a baby.
• Thanks to progesterone, the endometrium of the uterus becomes such that the embryo is securely attached there and does not experience inconvenience in the first weeks of pregnancy. After all, this time is very important and difficult for the future newborn. Systems and organs are just being formed.
• It is thanks to this hormone that the mammary glands grow, and over time, colostrum appears in them.
• The uterus begins to enlarge without any difficulties.
• The muscles of the muscular “house” of the fertilized egg do not begin to contract before forty weeks.
• It prevents the nervous system of a pregnant woman from becoming overly weakened.
• Progesterone forms subcutaneous fat reserves in a woman in an interesting position. This measure is provided by nature to nourish the fetus in unfavorable conditions.
• With its help, normal blood viscosity levels are maintained, as well as the mass fraction of glucose in the blood. Without this, the fetus would not be preserved and would not be able to eat normally.

Deviations from the norm in progesterone levels detected at the beginning of pregnancy give the doctor a reason to prescribe treatment. In critical situations, even hospitalization is required. The lack of hormone is compensated by various drugs and injections.

Determination of progesterone content in the blood

Determining the amount of progesterone is not the slightest difficulty. To do this, the specialist sends the expectant mother to the laboratory, where she donates blood from a vein. It is worth noting that this does not happen to everyone in the first trimester. Referral is given only to those who have previously been diagnosed with problems with the genital organs or have already experienced miscarriages. If there are no complications or any complaints, you will have to visit the laboratory later, during the second trimester. Close attention to the level of this hormone is also paid to those women who carry a child longer than expected.

There are some rules that must be followed when visiting the laboratory to donate hormones:

• You need to donate blood from a vein on an empty stomach.
• If you have been prescribed any hormonal medications, you should temporarily stop taking them two days before.
• The day before the test you should not be nervous or worry in any way.
• If you did not quit smoking after finding out you are pregnant, do not smoke for at least three to four hours before the test.
• You can’t eat, you can only drink a little clean water without gas.

In extreme cases, the determination is carried out during the day. But for this, breakfast must be low-fat and at least 6 hours must pass after it.

There is a standard within which the determined values ​​must lie. However, it does not remain at a constant level. Even when a woman is not yet pregnant, hormone levels vary depending on what day of her menstrual cycle she is currently on. After fertilization has already occurred, progesterone becomes more stable and changes along with the gestation period.

Once a woman has become pregnant, progesterone stabilizes. But there is such a pattern that the longer the pregnancy, the higher the hormone content in the blood. And if in the early stages it is produced only by the ovaries and adrenal glands, then in the end the placenta itself also helps them. If the indicators determined by the laboratory differ slightly from the established norm, this may well turn out to be a feature of a given female body. However, a specialist must decide on this. Such conclusions, made independently, can be fatal for the unborn child.

Increased progesterone during pregnancy

It must be said that increased progesterone during pregnancy is a much rarer phenomenon than the opposite situation. And most often, similar test results are found in women carrying more than one fetus. This happens due to the fact that a wise body makes more efforts to preserve all the babies.

If, nevertheless, an excess of progesterone appeared due to pathological processes in the body, there are reasons for this too. For example, these may be symptoms of poor kidney function, hydatidiform mole (a kind of problem with the placenta), as well as improperly functioning adrenal glands. And in no case should you think that the more progesterone, the better. This can lead to serious problems, so doctors try to immediately take the necessary measures.

Symptoms of high progesterone

An increased level of progesterone will not go unnoticed by a woman. Like the vast majority of problems in any body, excess progesterone during pregnancy has its own symptoms:

• The expectant mother begins to suffer from headaches due to high progesterone.
• Fatigue sets in much faster than even in other pregnant women.
• Sometimes the amount of hormone above normal causes excessive enlargement of the uterus. In addition, bleeding is possible.
• Pregnant women with this pathology want to sleep almost all the time.
• Nausea is considered common in the early stages of pregnancy. Therefore, although the symptoms of an elevated hormone include this ailment, it is not always noticeable.
• Another sign that may well go unnoticed among the usual ailments of a pregnant woman is heartburn. This group can also include heaviness in the abdomen and bloating.
• Constipation may also occur.

As mentioned above, some of the symptoms listed above may well be found in a completely healthy pregnant woman. Moreover, they will not at all be harbingers of anything unpleasant. This is why some doctors send all their patients for hormone testing. The consequences of not doing the analysis on time can sometimes be quite unpleasant. At the same time, you should not prescribe examinations for yourself, as well as medications. The doctor will find out the entire medical history. It is possible, for example, that you are taking medications that can artificially increase the results. The gynecologist will eliminate such misunderstandings.

If progesterone is still higher than normal, the specialist finds out what is increasing it and prescribes treatment based on the examination results. Under no circumstances should you try to cope on your own. This is dangerous even for an ordinary person in a standard situation. And a woman in a state of pregnancy is a very fragile and unstable “system”. And at the same time, she is no longer responsible only for herself. Self-prescribed medications can be dangerous in themselves, and an overdose can occur. It may well have a negative impact on the fetus, and then there will be no one to blame.

Hormone of the corpus luteum has a progestogenic effect. By binding to receptors on the surface of cells of target organs, it penetrates into the nucleus, where, activating DNA, it stimulates RNA synthesis. Promotes the transition of the uterine mucosa from the proliferation phase caused by follicular hormone to the secretory phase, and after fertilization, it creates the necessary conditions for implantation and development of a fertilized egg. Reduces the excitability and contractility of the muscles of the uterus and fallopian tubes, stimulates the growth of the secretory section of the acini of the mammary glands and induces lactation. By stimulating protein lipase, it increases fat reserves, increases glucose utilization, increasing the levels of basal and stimulated insulin, promotes the accumulation of glycogen in the liver, increases the production of aldosterone; in low doses it accelerates, and in high doses it suppresses the production of gonadotropic hormones of the pituitary gland; reduces azotemia, increases nitrogen excretion in urine.
It is quickly and almost completely absorbed after subcutaneous and intramuscular administration. Metabolized in the liver to form conjugates with glucuronic and sulfuric acid. The half-life is several minutes. Approximately 50-60% is excreted in the urine, more than 10% in bile. The amount of metabolites excreted in the urine varies depending on the phase of the corpus luteum.

Indications for use of the drug Progesterone

Amenorrhea, anovulatory metrorrhagia, endocrine infertility (including those caused by corpus luteum deficiency), threat of miscarriage, oligomenorrhea, algomenorrhea (due to hypogenitalism), diagnosis of the formation of endogenous estrogens.
Gel: mastodynia, benign mastopathy due to progesterone deficiency.

Use of the drug Progesterone

Oral administration (capsules)
In most cases, the average daily dose is 200-300 mg in 2 doses (100 mg in the morning no earlier than 1 hour after meals and 100-200 mg in the evening before bed).
In case of luteal phase deficiency (premenstrual syndrome, fibrocystic mastopathy, menstrual irregularities, premenopause), the daily dose is 200-300 mg (100 mg in the morning and 100-200 mg in the evening before bedtime) for 10 days (from 17 to 26 th day of the cycle).
For hormone replacement therapy in menopause while taking estrogen, the drug is prescribed 200 mg in the evening before bed for 12-14 days.
If there is a threat of premature birth, 400 mg of progesterone is prescribed once, then 200-400 mg can be taken every 6-8 hours until symptoms disappear. The dose and frequency of use are determined individually depending on the clinical manifestations of the threat of premature birth. After the symptoms disappear, the dose of progesterone is gradually reduced to a maintenance dose of 200-300 mg per day (100 mg in the morning 1 hour after meals and 100-200 mg in the evening before bed). At this dose, the drug can be used up to 37 weeks of pregnancy. If clinical manifestations of the threat of premature birth occur again, treatment is resumed at an effective dose.
Intravaginal administration (capsules)
In the complete absence of progesterone in women with non-functioning (absent) ovaries (egg donation) against the background of estrogen therapy, the drug is prescribed 100 mg/day on the 13th and 14th days of the cycle, then 100 mg 2 times a day (morning and evening ) from the 15th to the 25th day of the cycle, from the 26th day and in case of pregnancy, the dose is increased by 100 mg per day weekly, reaching a maximum daily dose of 600 mg in 3 doses (200 mg every 8 hours). The drug is used at this dose for 60 days. In the future, it is possible to take progesterone at a dose of 400-600 mg/day (200 mg every 8-12 hours), up to 27 weeks of pregnancy inclusive.
To support the luteal phase during an in vitro fertilization cycle, the drug is prescribed at 400-600 mg/day (200 mg every 8-12 hours) starting from the day of human chorionic gonadotropin injection until 27 weeks of pregnancy inclusive.
To support the luteal phase in a spontaneous or induced menstrual cycle for infertility associated with dysfunction of the corpus luteum, 200-300 mg/day is prescribed in 2 doses, starting from the 17th day of the cycle for 10 days. If menstruation is delayed and pregnancy is detected, the drug should be resumed. Treatment at the recommended dose (100 mg in the morning and 100-200 mg in the evening before bedtime) can be continued up to 27 weeks of pregnancy inclusive.
In case of a threatened miscarriage or for the prevention of habitual miscarriage due to progesterone deficiency, 200-400 mg/day (100-200 mg every 12 hours) is prescribed until 27 weeks of pregnancy. The effective dose is selected individually depending on the clinical manifestations of the threat of miscarriage.
IM or SC
For bleeding caused by ovarian dysfunction - 5-15 mg daily for 6-8 days; if curettage of the mucous membrane of the uterine cavity has been previously performed, it is started after 18-20 days (if curettage is impossible, it is administered during bleeding). During the treatment period, bleeding may temporarily increase (for 3-5 days); asthenized patients must first undergo a blood transfusion (200-250 ml). After bleeding stops, therapy is continued for 6 days. If bleeding has not stopped after 6-8 days of treatment, further administration is not advisable. For hypogenitalism and amenorrhea, after using estrogen drugs, 5 mg of progesterone is administered daily or 10 mg every other day for 6-8 days. For algodismenorrhea, treatment begins 6-8 days before menstruation, 5 or 10 mg daily for 6-8 days. For algodismenorrhea caused by uterine hypoplasia, it is combined with estrogens at the rate of 10,000 units every other day for 2-3 weeks; then progesterone is administered for 6 days. For the prevention and treatment of threatening and incipient miscarriage caused by insufficient function of the corpus luteum - 10-25 mg daily or every other day, until the risk of miscarriage is completely eliminated. With a routine abortion, it is administered up to 4 months of pregnancy. In case of corpus luteum deficiency: 12.5 mg/day IM for 2 weeks from the moment of ovulation (if necessary, up to 11 weeks of pregnancy). Diagnosis of the formation of endogenous estrogens: intramuscularly, 100 mg once.
Locally
Gel: 1 dose (2.5 g of 1% gel) is applied to the skin of each breast until completely absorbed 1 time per day, regardless of the days of the menstrual cycle.

Contraindications to the use of the drug Progesterone

Hypersensitivity to progesterone, breast and genital cancer, liver failure, II-III trimester of pregnancy, tendency to thrombosis, acute phlebitis, thromboembolism, vaginal bleeding of unknown origin, porphyria.; hyperlipoproteinemia, ectopic pregnancy, during breastfeeding. During the treatment period, it is necessary to refrain from engaging in potentially hazardous activities that require increased concentration and speed of psychomotor reactions.

Drug interactions Progesterone

Potentiates the effect of diuretics, antihypertensive drugs, immunosuppressants, coagulants. Reduces the lactogenic effect of oxytocin, and also reduces the effects of uterotonics, anabolic steroids, gonadotropic hormones of the anterior pituitary gland. When used simultaneously with barbiturates, a decrease in the effect of progesterone is observed.

List of pharmacies where you can buy Progesterone:

• Saint Petersburg