What words do fairy tales begin with? Beginnings and endings as the main structural elements of fairy tales

Entertainment script based on fairy tales for older preschoolers and younger students

Leisure for children 5-9 years old: "In the world of fairy tales".

Dvoretskaya Tatyana Nikolaevna
GBOU secondary school No. 1499 SP No. 2 preschool department
caregiver
Description: Leisure will introduce children of senior preschool and younger school age with different kinds of stories.

Purpose of work: Leisure is intended for children of senior preschool and primary school age, teachers of preschool institutions and parents.
Target: the formation of ideas in children about diversity different types fairy tales.
Tasks:
1. Develop in children preschool age interest in reading
2. Teach attentively, listen to literary works
3. Maintain an emotional interest in the read work
4. Expand children's ideas about different types of fairy tale genre

Introduction in verse.

Fairy tale oral retelling
Plot fiction.
Magic and miracles
Will go around half the world.

Both heroes and villains
In a fairy tale, listeners are waiting.
Invisibly small children
Educate, entertain.

The value of a fairy tale is great!
Storehouse of knowledge!
For violators of the ban
There will be tests.

Who will pass with dignity
Difficulties and sorrows
Awards at the end
For deeds of conscience!

A fairy tale is our priceless gift!
Rich in wisdom.
And with her excitement
The guys are listening.

justice triumphs
Evil is punished with good.
She brings joy to people

Included in every home!

Fairy tale ancient idea
But it has reached our days.
It has an idea.
And messages for the people!

Leisure: In the world of fairy tales.

Presenter: Great importance in the life of children has a fairy tale. Fairy tales have come to us from time immemorial. Tales were composed by the people, memorized and told to each other. Fairy tales went around the world from one listener to another. Each narrator added small changes and additions to the plot of the tale. Then fairy tales began to be collected and written down. This is how fairy tales have survived to this day. The plots of fairy tales are so different: funny and sad, scary and funny. From fairy tales we learn about cultural traditions, about folk way of life, about the characters of people who lived many years ago. Fairy tales are familiar and loved by all people since childhood.
What is a fairy tale?
folk tale- an oral story of a work of fiction with an installation for fiction, told to listeners for educational or entertainment purposes.
Listen to folk proverbs about fairy tales:
Eat porridge, and listen to a fairy tale: with your mind - with your mind, dare, but shake your mustache.
A fairy tale starts from the beginning, reads to the end, does not interrupt in the middle.
Soon the fairy tale tells, but not soon the deed is done.
Every fairy tale will have an end.
The whole story, no more can be said.

Writing a story is not an easy task. Each fairy tale has a plot construction plan:
1. Saying- an aesthetic element in a fairy tale. It is an optional condition in the construction of the plot of a fairy tale.
The purpose of the saying is to prepare listeners for the perception of the fairy tale, to set them up. The saying exists by itself, it is not connected with the content of the work. The presence of a saying depends on the talent of the storyteller, his character.
Example: “Ay, amuse you with a fairy tale? And the fairy tale is wonderful, there are marvelous divas in it, wonderful miracles!
2. Beginning- the beginning of a fabulous action.
Zachin takes the listener into a fairy-tale world, emphasizes the unusualness of that fairy-tale world about which the story will go on.
Example: “In a certain kingdom, in a certain state, Ivan Tsarevich lived”
The beginning in a fairy tale has a huge role, it determines the place of action and time, introduces the main characters of the fairy tale. With the help of the beginning, the author captivates the reader or listener into the fairy-tale world and fascinates him with mystery and uncertainty.
3. The main part of the tale- this is the central action of the tale and the denouement. It is in this part that magical transformations take place, magic words are pronounced, objects or animal helpers with a magical gift are found, etc.
Example: “Sivka-burka, prophetic kaurka! Stand before me like a leaf before grass!”
4. Outcome or ending- The final part of the story. It summarizes the fabulous action.
Example: "They began to live and live well and make good."
The famous collector of fairy tales, Alexander Nikolaevich Afanasyev, collected a great many folk tales and divided them according to the plot into: magical, everyday, adventurous, tiresome, fairy tales about animals.

Let's get acquainted with the amazing and diverse world of fairy tales.

1. Tales about animals.

Tales about animals are the most ancient works. Ancient man animated nature, endowed animals with the properties and qualities inherent in man.
In fairy tales about animals, animals can talk to each other, perform household chores. Animals in folk tales they cannot think, they do not think about their actions, they only act.
In fairy tales about animals, animals are carriers of one character trait: the fox is cunning, the bear is clumsy, the wolf is stupid.
Tales about animals are interesting, simple, unpretentious, based on a dialogue between animals, sometimes short expressive songs are used in the plot.
Example: I'm Gingerbread Man, Gingerbread Man! I'm scraped in a box,
Meten in the bottom of the barrel, Meshon on sour cream, Yarn in butter,
There is a frost on the window; I left my grandfather, I left my grandmother,
And from you, hare, do not cunningly leave!
Guys, what fairy tales about animals do you know? (children's answers)
Examples of fairy tales about animals: “Teremok”, “Top-Roots”, “Fox sister and wolf”, “Cat, rooster and fox”, “Kolobok”, “Ice and Bast hut” and others.

2. Boring tales.

Boring tales are tales with endlessly repetitive content. From the word "to bother" - to bother. With their help, the storyteller either kindled interest in listening to fairy tales, or vice versa, stopped those who were ready to listen to them endlessly. Guys, how many of you are already familiar with such fairy tales?
Example: Once upon a time there was a grandmother near the river.
Grandma wanted to swim in the river.
And the grandmother bought herself a washcloth
This tale is good - Start over!

3. Household fairy tales

A household fairy tale is an unusual, unheard of story, a story about the impossible. The heroes of everyday fairy tales are boyars, officials, judges endowed with all sorts of vices: stupidity, greed, irresponsibility.
On the other hand, smart, cunning, brave, resourceful peasants and soldiers. There are no magic items and helpers in these fairy tales. The events of the tale are ordinary events from life, but are described with humor. In everyday fairy tales, such negative traits as stupidity, greed, injustice.
Example: The tale of the priest and the worker Balda, Porridge from an ax.

4. Fairy tales are adventurous

Adventurous tales - a short entertaining story, a plot from real life which ridicules universal human vices. These are tales about talkative and greedy wives, about lazy and sloppy housewives, about naivety and human simplicity. Guys, remember and name such fairy tales? (children's answers)
Example: Greedy old woman, Spoken water, Bezruchka.

5. Fairy tales

A fairy tale is the brightest and most widespread in the world. The story is filled with wonders and adventures.
In fairy tales, there will definitely be objects and things endowed with magical powers (a tablecloth is self-assembled, boots are fast walkers, a hat is invisible, and others), words can have magical powers (At the pike’s command, at my will), magical helpers (Humpbacked Horse, Pike sorceress and others)
In fairy tales, there are positive characters and negative characters.
The main features of a fairy tale: the presence of a ban (do not drink from a hoof, you will become a goat), a violation of the ban (brother Ivanushka did not obey his sister and drank from a hoof), a test (turned into a goat), a reward (the kid threw over his head three times with joy and turned around boy Ivanushka).
In a fairy tale, violators of the ban always take the path of correcting those troubles that they themselves have done. In the process of overcoming trials and difficulties, the hero redeems himself good deeds and pure spiritual thoughts.
Story- an optimistic work in which good always triumphs over evil. Fairytale fiction always has a hidden moral. A fairy tale is a lie, but there is a hint in it - a good lesson for a good fellow. While reading fairy tales, children try on the roles of certain fairy-tale characters, the imagination draws images. Children sincerely worry about the fate of their favorite heroes of fairy tales.
Guys, what fairy tales do you already know? (children's answers)
Examples: Geese - Swans, By pike command, Sister Alyonushka and brother Ivanushka, Princess Frog, Cinderella and others.

Quiz: Guess the fairy tale
1. In what fairy tale did the miracle yudo fish whale live on the sea ocean? (The Little Humpbacked Horse)
2. In what fairy tale did a vegetable grow that three people and 3 animals could not pull out of the ground? (Turnip)
3. In what fairy tale did a simple village peasant go to the palace on the stove? (By magic)
4. In what fairy tale did the evil stepmother send the girl to the forest for snowdrops? (Twelve months)
5. In which fairy tale was the old woman punished for being greedy? ( gold fish)
6. In which fairy tale did the girl outwit the bear? (Masha and the Bear)
7. In what fairy tale did the father leave a cat as an inheritance to his son? (Puss in Boots)
8. In what fairy tale did the girl help the sick swallow to recover? (Thumbelina)
9. In which fairy tale did all the animals live in the same house? (Teremok)
10. In what fairy tale did the wolf reforge the voice of the blacksmith? (The wolf and the seven Young goats)
11. In what fairy tale did a hurricane take a girl and her dog to a fairy-tale land, where she found friends? (The Wizard of Oz)
12. In what fairy tale was the Flower City in which the short men lived? (Adventures of Dunno and his friends)
13. In which fairy tale did the pumpkin turn into a carriage? (Cinderella)
14. In what fairy tale the protagonist the little rascal who lives on the roof? (Carlson, who lives on the roof)
15. In what fairy tale did the one-eyed, two-eyed and three-eyed sisters live? (Tiny-Havrochechka)

Presenter: Well done guys, listened carefully to the tales, everyone fairytale heroes you know, and you called the names of fairy tales absolutely right!
Do you know how to write your own stories? (children's answers) And now we will check this.
I start and you take turns continuing.
So, in a certain kingdom, in a certain state, there lived Tsar Jeremy. He had three sons. One was tall, the other was of medium height, and the youngest was short, with a stool-sized sprout. And so the father gathered his sons and said: ... (Further, the plot of the tale is added up by all the children of the group in turn).

An integral part of any fairy tale is the presence in it of such structural components as a beginning, a saying or a song, and an ending. Each of these parts plays its specific and very important role in the system of the whole genre. All this is a special formula of style, which determines the enduring interest in the fairy tale, with its rich ideological content, clarity and purity of expressed thoughts, artistic refinement and entertaining plot.

Saying

Usually fairy tales, and especially fairy tales, open their narrative with a saying. The main task of such a beginning is to immerse the reader in the special atmosphere of a fantasy world and set him, the reader or listener, to the necessary perception of the fabulous events of the entire work.

From the first lines, magical space seems to envelop us thanks to the saying, despite the fact that it has a relatively small size. One has only to remember the well-known cat-Bayun, who walks measuredly and sings his songs on a powerful oak towering on an island in the middle of the "ocean".

It is surprising that a special mood, designed to help comprehend the full depth and wisdom of folk thought, is born not from pompous edification, but with the help of humor, which is characteristic of a saying. The reception of a play on words, elements of some confusion help to rid the tale of an unnecessary moralizing tone, but retain its educational purpose.

Zachin

The next integral component of any fairy tale is the beginning. Its purpose is to perform several important tasks, and, above all, it is to provide the reader with sufficient information to help him form the correct idea of ​​​​the heroes of the fairy tale, and in the further course of the narrative, correctly understand and evaluate their characters, way of thinking, causal connection between their behavior and actions.

Thus, the beginning introduces us to fairy tale characters, sends the events described at the right time and place. Already from the beginning it becomes obvious that the language of the fairy tale is completely special, not like the speech familiar to our ears - it is worth remembering the traditional “once upon a time” or “the fairy tale affects”.

ending

But any fairy-tale action must inevitably be brought to its logical conclusion, and here comes the time for the ending with its goal to end the story told. Usually, already familiar and quite stable statements cope with this task: “they live, they live, but they make good” or “they flowed down their mustaches, they didn’t get into their mouths.”

But not always the ending is some obvious conclusion, the author may well end his tale unexpectedly and suddenly. But he should not forget that the ending, nevertheless, must be composed correctly, so that it certainly contains conclusions about what was told.

The fairy tale genre is also characterized by the abundant use of repetitions, the true purpose of which is to bring the action of the work closer to its completion, denouement. Repetitions, each time pointing to certain details of an object, character or phenomenon, serve to enhance the impression on the reader.

Details repeated three times play a special role here: three sons, three heads of the serpent Gorynych, three trials given to the hero.

Poetic parts of fairy tales

In many fairy tales, poetic parts are also found, with a special rhyme. Thus, its own melody of a fairy tale, motive, its melody and musical mood, in general, is created. A "skazovy" verse can usually include a different number of syllables, but the stresses are mostly equal in number.

This implies another feature of fairy tale narration - you can often find a fairy tale, akin to a song. Often, beautiful girls sing their sad thoughts on the shore of a clear lake, or a vociferous cockerel calls for help with a song, falling into the cunning paws of a nimble fox.

From the last example, we can also conclude that onomatopoeia is also widespread in fairy tales.

Dialogues in fairy tale liveliness and naturalness are always inherent. By intonation, characters often betray their true intentions and not always inherent in them. positive traits- for example, the speech of a fox will certainly be full of flattery, and the voice of a soldier will remain lively, even and slender in any situation.

The saturation of the tale with various kinds of repetitions, parallelism, rhythmic constructions and other peculiar means of expressive speech undoubtedly prove the colorfulness and richness of the living folk language. Preserving and passing on from generation to generation high concepts of the content of good and evil, justice, truth and other moral values, a fairy tale is the source of all the most important life definitions and patterns.

Julia Korotkova told about the structure of fairy tales

Russian folk tales are a fundamental element of the folk art of our ancestors. In these stories, we are faced with unforgettable adventures of heroes, with descriptions of their Everyday life, including everyday life and work, with fantastic creatures and with mystical phenomena. Children's are our first encounters with good and evil, with joy and sadness, with laughter and enthusiasm, and even with fear. We have known their heroes since childhood, and love for them does not pass throughout our lives, continuing to touch and surprise even in adulthood. More than once we are faced with the fact that after reading a Russian folk tale to a child, we always find something new and instructive for ourselves. At all times, fairy tales have inspired creative people to stage children's performances, paint pictures, and create true masterpieces of cinematography.

Fairy tale composition:

Usually Russian folk tales for children have a clear composition. The standard composition of a fairy tale includes the beginning, that is, what kind of beginning the fairy tale has. It can be “In a certain kingdom, in a certain state ...” and “Once upon a time ...” and other options that already from the first words set us up in a fabulous mood. Next comes the main part of the fairy tale, in which all the events of the fairy tale plot take place, and the fairy tale usually ends in a special way. There are a lot of options for ending the tale, the most familiar of them are:

• They began to live - live and make good
• And I was there, drinking beer honey ...
• They made a feast for the whole world ...

Features of Russian folk tales:

Remember only the phrases that we even then involuntarily use in our lives: go where your eyes look; soon the fairy tale is told, but not soon the deed is done ... And what poetry gives fairy tales a simple movement of the adjective after the predicate, like a song then a fairy tale is read, in one breath: the sun is red, the beauty is written ...

The features of Russian folk tales, of course, are also in their writing, in the abbreviation of words. After all, starting to read a fairy tale, we immediately understand that this fairy tale is Russian. With just one word. What is unhappy, hanging his head violently?

And the children with their affectionate names? This is a cockerel and the sun and a brother and sister and many others. Due to such writing, these fairy tales are so loved by our kids, when mom reads them, they are so affectionate and kind.

They say that now is the age of high technology and new progressive media, but can you imagine not reading a single fairy tale to your child? It seems impossible, even a little stupid and ridiculous. Fairy tales have entered our lives so long and so firmly that we can only rejoice at their huge number and choose our favorite ones to read to their children.

The question “What words do they start with?”, he will most likely name the phrase “Once upon a time…”. Indeed, this is the most common beginning of Russian folk. Someone else will definitely remember: “In a certain kingdom, in a certain state ...” or “In a kingdom in a certain kingdom, in a certain state ...” - and he will also be right.

Some tales begin with the usual word "once". And in others, such as, for example, in “Three Kingdoms - copper, silver and gold”, the time is described as if more specifically, but still very vague, in a fabulous way: “In that old time, when the world was filled with goblin, witches and mermaids when the rivers flowed with milk, the banks were jelly, and fried partridges flew across the fields ... "

Russian folk everyday tales, more like anecdotes, do without traditional beginnings. For example, "One man had a grumpy wife ..." or "Two brothers lived in the same village."

Such beginnings can be found not only in Russian folk tales, but also in the tales of other peoples.

What are all these sayings about? Everything is very simple. The listener or reader is immediately put into action, finds out with whom, where and at what time the fabulous events will take place. And waiting to continue. It is also important that these phrases are rhythmically constructed in such a way as to create a certain melodiousness.

Beginnings of author's fairy tales

A.S. Pushkin in "The Tale of the Golden Cockerel" brings together two fabulous beginnings at once:
“Nowhere, in the distant kingdom,
In the thirtieth state,
Once upon a time there was a glorious king Dadon.

Many fairy tales do not begin with traditional phrases. For example, the first line in Andersen's fairy tale "The Flint" is as follows: "A soldier was walking along the road: one or two! one or two!"

Or, for example, the beginning of the fairy tales of Astrid Lindgren: “In the city of Stockholm, on the most ordinary street, in the most ordinary house, lives the most ordinary Swedish family by the name of Svanteson. ("Baby and Carlson") "Thunder rumbled on the night that Roni was supposed to be born." ("Roni is the robber's daughter")

But even here it can be seen that fairy tales begin either with the introduction of a hero, or with a designation of the place of action, or they speak of time.

It is very rare to find fairy tales, the beginning of which is devoted to lengthy descriptions. Usually the beginnings are quite dynamic.

For example, one of the most beloved Russian children's poets, Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky, without preamble, immediately, as if on the run, introduces the reader into the midst of fairy-tale events. “The blanket ran away, the sheet flew away, and the pillow, like a frog, jumped away from me.” ("Moydodyr") "The sieve jumps through the fields, and the trough through the meadows." ("Fedorino grief")

A good beginning in a fairy tale is important. It determines the mood with which the listener or reader will plunge into the story.