Rules for writing haiku. what is haiku what is haiku

Haiku (sometimes haiku) are short, non-rhyming poems that use the language of sensation to express emotions and images. Haiku are often inspired by the elements of nature, moments of beauty and harmony, or strong emotions experienced. The genre of haiku poetry was created in Japan, and later began to be used by poets all over the world, including Russia. After reading this article, you will be able to get to know haiku better, as well as learn how to compose haiku yourself.

Steps

Understanding the Structure of Haiku

Familiarize yourself with the sound structure of haiku. Traditional Japanese haiku is made up of 17 ons, or sounds, divided into three parts: 5 sounds, 7 sounds, and 5 sounds. In Russian, "he" is equated to a syllable. Since its inception, the haiku genre has undergone some changes, and today many haiku authors, neither Japanese nor Russian, adhere to the 17-syllable structure.

• Syllables in Russian can consist of a different number of letters, in contrast to Japanese, in which almost all syllables are the same length. Therefore, a haiku of 17 syllables in Russian can be much longer than a similar Japanese one, thus violating the concept of deeply describing an image with several sounds. As mentioned, the 5-7-5 form is no longer considered mandatory, but this is not specified in the school curriculum, and most students learn haiku based on conservative standards.
• When writing a haiku, if you cannot decide on the number of syllables, then refer to the Japanese rule that haiku should be read in one breath. This means that the length of haiku in Russian can vary from 6 to 16 syllables. For example, read Kobayashi Issa's haiku translated by V. Markova:
  • Ah, don't trample the grass! There were fireflies Yesterday at night.

1. Use a haiku to compare two ideas. Japanese word kiru, which means cutting, refers to the very important principle of breaking a haiku into two parts. These parts should not depend on each other grammatically and figuratively.

   • In Japanese, haiku are often written on the same line, with contrasting ideas separated by kireji, or cutting word, which helps to define ideas, the relationship between them and give the poem grammatical completeness. Usually kireji placed at the end of a sound phrase. Due to the lack of a direct translation, kireji in Russian it is denoted by a dash, ellipsis, or simply by meaning. Notice how Buson separated the two ideas in one of his haiku:
     • I hit with an ax and froze ... What a scent wafted in the winter forest!
   • In Russian, haiku is usually written in three lines. Matched ideas (of which there should be no more than two) are "cut" by the end of one line and the beginning of another, or by punctuation marks, or simply by a space. Here is how it looks like in the example of the Russian translation of Buson's haiku:
     • Plucked peony - And I'm lost. Evening hour
   • One way or another, the main thing is to create a transition between the two parts, as well as to deepen the meaning of the poem by adding the so-called "internal comparison". Successfully creating such a two-part structure is one of the most difficult tasks in haiku writing. Indeed, for this it is necessary not only to avoid too obvious, banal transitions, but also not to make this transition completely indefinite.

Choose a Haiku Topic

1. Concentrate on some acute experience. Haiku traditionally focuses on the details of the setting and environment related to the human condition. Haiku is something like contemplation, expressed as an objective description of images or sensations, not distorted by subjective judgments and analysis. Use the moments when you notice something that you immediately want to draw the attention of others to write haiku.

   • Japanese poets have traditionally tried to convey, through haiku, fleeting images of nature, such as a frog jumping into a pond, raindrops falling on leaves, or a flower blowing in the wind. Many people go on special walks, known in Japan as ginkgo walks, to find inspiration for composing haiku.
   • Modern haiku do not always describe nature. They can also have completely different themes, such as the urban environment, emotions, relationships between people. There is also a separate subgenre of comic haiku.

2. Include mention of the seasons. Mention of the seasons or their change, or "seasonal word" - kigo in Japanese, has always been an important element of haiku. Such a reference may be direct and obvious, that is, a simple mention of the name of one or more seasons, or it may take the form of a subtle allusion. For example, the poem may mention the flowering of wisteria, which, as you know, happens only in summer. Notice the kigo in the following haiku by Fukuda Chie-ni:

   • During the night the bindweed wrapped around Around the tub of my well... I'll take water from a neighbor!

3. Create a story transition. Following the principle of juxtaposing two ideas in a haiku, use perspective shifts when describing a chosen topic to divide the poem into two parts. For example, you describe how an ant crawls on a log, then compare this picture with a larger image of the entire forest, or, for example, the time of year in which the described scene takes place. Such a comparison of images gives the poem a deeper metaphorical meaning than a one-sided description. As an example, let's take Vladimir Vasiliev's haiku:

   • Indian summer… Over the street preacher Children laugh.

Use the language of feelings

Become a Haiku Poet

1. Look for inspiration. Following ancient traditions, leave the house in search of inspiration. Go for a walk, concentrating on your surroundings. What details stand out to you? Why are they remarkable?

   • Always carry a notepad with you so you can write down the lines that pop into your head. After all, you will not be able to predict at what moment a pebble lying in a stream, a rat running along the rails, or whimsical clouds flying across the sky will inspire you to write another haiku.
   • Read haiku by other authors. The brevity and beauty of this genre has served as a source of inspiration for thousands of poets from all over the world. Reading other people's haiku will help you become familiar with the various techniques of the genre, as well as inspire you to write your own poetry.

2. Practice. Like any other art form, haiku writing requires practice. The great Japanese poet Matsuo Basho once said, "Repeat your poems aloud a thousand times." Therefore, rewrite your poems as many times as necessary to achieve perfect expression of your thoughts. Remember that you don't have to follow the 5-7-5 form. Also remember that haiku written according to literary standards must include kigo, a two-part form, and also create an objective picture of reality in the language of sensation.

   Connect with other poets. If you are seriously interested in haiku poetry, then you should join a club or community of lovers of this genre. There are such organizations all over the world. It is also worth subscribing to a haiku magazine or reading haiku magazines online to help you become more familiar with the structure of haiku and the rules for composing them.

• Haiku is also called "unfinished" poetry. This means that the reader must himself, in his soul, finish the poem.
• Some modern authors write haiku, which are small fragments of three or fewer words.
• Haiku has its roots in haikai no renga, a genre of poetry in which poems were composed by groups of authors and were hundreds of lines long. The haiku, or the first three lines of the renga poem chain, indicated the season and contained the word "cutting" (which is why haiku is sometimes erroneously called haiku). Having become an independent genre, haiku continues this tradition.

Haiku (otherwise haiku)

genre and form of Japanese poetry; three-line, consisting of two encircling five-syllable verses and one seven-syllable in the middle. Genetically goes back to the first semi-stanza of the Tank (haiku literally - initial verses), from which it differs in the simplicity of the poetic language, the rejection of the previous canonical rules, the increased role of associativity, understatement, hint. X passed through several stages in its development. The poets Arakida Moritake (1465-1549) and Yamazaki Sokan (1465-1553) saw X as a purely comic genre. The merit of turning X. into the leading lyrical genre belongs to Matsuo Basho (1644-94); the main content of X. was landscape lyrics. The name of Taniguchi Buson (1716-83) is associated with the expansion of the theme of X. In parallel, in the 18th century. Comic X is developing, which has become an independent satirical-humorous genre of senryu. At the end of the 18th - beginning of the 19th centuries. Kobayashi Issa introduces civic motives into X. At the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th centuries. Masaoka Shiki applied to X. the method of “sketches from nature” (shasei) borrowed from painting, which contributed to the development of realism in the X genre.

Publication: An anthology of haiku ancient and modern by Miyamory Asataro, Tokyo, 1953; Nihon koten bungaku taikei, vol. 45, 58, Tokyo, 1959; in Russian per. - Japanese verses. Hokku, M., 1973.

Lit.: Grigoryeva T., Logunova V., Japanese literature, M., 1964; Haiku koza, Tokyo, 1932; Bluth, V.N., Haiku, v. 1-6, Tokyo, 1952; Haikai and haiku, Tokyo, 1958.

Great Soviet Encyclopedia. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia. 1969-1978 .

See what "Hokku" is in other dictionaries:

Three lines, haiku Dictionary of Russian synonyms. haiku n., number of synonyms: 3 three-line (4) ... Synonym dictionary

- (haiku) a genre of Japanese poetry. An unrhymed three-line, genetically ascending to tanka; consists of 17 syllables (5+7+5). It is distinguished by the simplicity of poetic language, freedom of presentation ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

Haiku- (haiku) (initial verses), a genre of Japanese poetry (originated in the 15th century), an unrhymed three-line verse of 17 syllables (5 + 7 + 5) on comic, love, landscape, historical and other subjects. Genetically related to tanka. Differs in the simplicity of poetic language ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary

This article is about Japanese poetry, for the operating system see Haiku. Monument to Matsuo Basho, one of the most famous haiku composers Haiku (俳句), Haiku (発句, Japanese) is a genre of traditional Japanese waka lyric poetry. Contents ... Wikipedia

HAIKU- (Japanese): the upper three-line tanka, which stood out as an independent type of poetry; consists of 17 syllables (alternating 5 - 7 - 5 syllables). Basically, haiku is a lyrical poem about nature, in which the season is necessarily indicated. The cycle... ... Eurasian wisdom from A to Z. Explanatory dictionary

HAIKU- HOKKU, haiku, a genre of Japanese poetry: 17 complex three-line (5 + 7 + 5), often with a caesura after the 2nd verse. Originated in the 15th century. as the beginning of a three-line comic rank; genetically also goes back to the first semi-stanza of the tank (haiku lit. - ... ... Literary Encyclopedic Dictionary

- (haiku), a genre of Japanese poetry. An unrhymed three-line, genetically ascending to tanka; consists of 17 syllables (5 + 7 + 5). Differs in simplicity of poetic language, freedom of presentation. * * * HOKKU HOKKU (haiku), a genre of Japanese poetry. Unrhymed… encyclopedic Dictionary

haiku- a genre of Japanese poetry, an unrhymed three-line lyrical miniature; as if separated, independent first part of the tank. Rubric: Types and genres of literature + The structure of a poetic work. Synonym: haiku Genus: Solid forms Others… … Terminological dictionary-thesaurus on literary criticism

See haiku. Literature and language. Modern illustrated encyclopedia. Moscow: Rosman. Under the editorship of prof. Gorkina A.P. 2006 ... Literary Encyclopedia

Haiku Desktop Haiku OS Created by Haiku Inc. OS family Open source Latest version N/A N/A Kernel type ... Wikipedia

Books

• Haiku. Japanese Three Lines, Basho Matsuo, Ransetsu, Kikaku. The Japanese lyric poem haiku (haiku) is characterized by extreme brevity and peculiar poetics. It depicts the life of nature and the life of man in their fused, indissoluble unity on ...

The first Japanese poems, later called haiku, appeared as early as the 14th century. At first they were part of a different poetic form, but they emerged as an independent genre thanks to the creative activity of the famous poet Matsuo Basho, whom Japanese poetry recognizes as the best master of Japanese three-verses. And how to learn how to write your own poems in the classical Japanese style, you will learn further.

What is a haiku?

Haiku is a traditional Japanese verse form consisting of three syllabic blocks, the first and third of which contain five syllables, and the second seven, that is, in total, these Japanese poems consist of seventeen syllables. Otherwise, their structure can be written as 5-7-5. With syllabic versification, stress is not important, rhyme is also absent - only the number of syllables matters.

In the original, Japanese haiku are written in one line (one column of hieroglyphs). But when translated into Russian and other languages, usually European, it was customary to write down these Japanese verses in the form of three lines, each of which corresponds to a separate syllabic block, that is, the first line of the three-line consists of five syllables, the second - of seven, the third - out of five.

little crab
Ran on the leg.
Pure water.
Matsuo Basho

In terms of semantic content, Japanese poems, using various means, depict natural phenomena and images that are inextricably linked with human life, emphasizing the unity of nature and man.

How is haiku different from haiku?

You may have been confused by the fact that some Japanese verses are also called haiku, but there is an explanation for this confusion.

Initially, the word "haiku" denoted the first stanza rank- one of the many genres that ancient Japanese poetry has. It could be called a poetic dialogue, or even a polylogue, since it was very often written by two or more poets. Literally, renga means "stringing stanzas".

The first stanza of rengi is written in seventeen syllables according to the 5-7-5 pattern - this is haiku. Then comes the second stanza of fourteen syllables - 7-7. The third and fourth stanzas, as well as all subsequent ones, repeat this pattern, that is, the rengi scheme looks like 5-7-5-7-7-5-7-5-7-7-…5-7-5-7-7. The number of stanzas is fundamentally not limited.

If we single out the first and second stanzas (5-7-5-7-7) from the rengi, we get another popular poetic form in which Japanese poems are still written - it consists of thirty-one syllables and is called tanka. In translations into European languages, the tanka is written in the form of five lines.

Later, haiku emerged as an independent genre, as Japanese poets began to write these poems outside the framework of rengi. And in order to distinguish between independent Japanese three-line stanzas and the very first rengi stanza, in the 21st century, the Japanese poet Masaoka Shiki suggested using the term “haiku” for the first. This is exactly what the Japanese themselves now call such three-verses.

Japanese three-verses: formal elements

As we have already found out, if you write the original Japanese haiku as three lines, then each line will contain one syllabic block, five, seven and five syllables respectively. In Russian, it is not possible to strictly observe this rule, because the length of words here differs from the length of words in Japanese.

Therefore, it was decided that Russian verses could differ in structure from the 5-7-5 scheme, but the length of each line should not exceed ten syllables, and one of the lines should be longer than all the others.

You smiled.
From a slow ice floe in the distance
The bird takes off.
Andrey Shlyakhov

An important element is kigo- the so-called seasonal words. Their function is to designate the time of the year or the period of time at which the action described in the poem takes place. Such a word either directly names the season of the year, for example, "summer morning", or denotes an event associated with this season, by which the reader can immediately guess what period of time is depicted in the poem.

The Japanese language has its own kigo, indicating the natural and cultural attractions of Japan, and we can have such words, for example, “the first snowdrops” is spring, “the first call” is autumn, the first of September, etc.

Even though it's not raining
On the day of planting bamboo -
Raincoat and umbrella.
Matsuo Basho

The second component that characterizes Japanese poetry is kireji, or the so-called cutting word. It simply does not exist in other languages, therefore, when translating poems into Russian or when writing original Russian three-line verses, cutting words are replaced with punctuation marks, expressing them with the help of intonation. In addition, all such Japanese three-line verses can be written with a lowercase letter.

Japanese poems are characterized by the concept of two-partness - the division of a poem into two parts, twelve and five syllables each. Haiku in Russian also needs to be two-part: do not write verses in three complete sentences, just as not write them down as one sentence. Both the first and second parts of the tercet should describe different things, but be interconnected in meaning with each other.

Indian summer…
over the street preacher
children laugh.
Vladislav Vasiliev

Writing Japanese Poetry Correctly: The Basic Principles of Haiku

• Composing haiku is quite different from writing classical rhyming poetry. To write poetry in the Japanese style, you need to learn how to use the minimum number of words, but filled with the necessary meaning, and cut off all unnecessary. It is important to avoid repetition, tautology and cognates, if possible. To be able to say a lot through a little is the main principle of writing Japanese three-verses.

• Learn to convey meaning without describing it literally. The author has the right to understatement: his task is to evoke certain feelings and sensations in readers, and not chew them in detail. Readers need to independently think and understand the content laid down by the author. But at the same time, this content should be easily accessible for understanding, the reader should not sit for hours and unravel a single three-verse.

First summer rain.
I open and...
I fold my umbrella.
Felix Tammy

• Japanese haiku do not tolerate pathos and artificiality. The art of verse composing is based on sincerity, so do not compose something that cannot actually happen. Such Japanese poetry should be understood by everyone, so do not use slang words and expressions when writing.

• Haiku should only be written in the present tense, since these Japanese verses depict only events that have just happened and have been seen, heard, or felt by the author.

• Japanese poetry is richer in homonyms than Russian, but when writing Russian three-line poems, one should not miss the opportunity to use a play on words.

The ferry leaves
The soul is torn in the wind ...
Goodbye and don't cry.
O Sanchez

• A technique often used by Japanese poets is a comparison of various phenomena and objects. The main condition is the use of such comparisons that happen by themselves and which do not need to be supported by comparative words and conjunctions “as if”, “like”, etc.

blocked all paths...
neighbor goes out into the yard
with your path.
Taisha

We hope that our tips will help you master the art of haiku writing. And now we invite you to learn from the best and watch the following video, which deals with Japanese poetry, in particular, such famous Japanese poets as Matsuo Basho, Kobayashi Issa, Esa Buson and many others.

The beauty of poetry enchants almost all people. No wonder they say that music can tame even the most ferocious beast. This is where the beauty of creativity sinks deep into the soul. How are the poems different? Why are the Japanese three-line haiku so attractive? And how to learn to perceive their deep meaning?

The beauty of Japanese poetry

The light of the moon and the fragile tenderness of the morning snow inspire Japanese poets to create three-line poems of unusual brightness and depth. Japanese haiku is a poem characterized by lyricism. In addition, it may be unfinished and leave room for imagination and thoughtful reflection. Haiku (or haiku) poetry does not tolerate haste or harshness. The philosophy of these creations of the soul is directed directly to the hearts of the listeners and reflects the hidden thoughts and secrets of the writer. The common people are very fond of creating these short poetic formulas, where there are no superfluous words, and the style harmoniously passes from folk to literary, continuing to develop and give rise to new poetic forms.

The emergence of a national poetic form

The original poetic forms, so famous in Japan, are five-line and three-line lines (tanka and haiku). Tanka is literally interpreted as a short song. Initially, this was the name of folk songs that appeared at the dawn of Japanese history. Nagauts, which were distinguished by their excessive length, were forced out into the tank. Epic and lyrical songs of variable length have been preserved in folklore. Many years later, Japanese haiku separated from tanka during the heyday of urban culture. Hokku contains all the wealth In the history of poetry in Japan there were periods of both prosperity and decline. There were also moments when Japanese haiku could disappear altogether. But over a long period of time, it became obvious that short and capacious poetic forms are a necessity and an urgent need for poetry. Such forms of poetry can be composed quickly, under a storm of emotions. You can put your hot thought into metaphors or aphorisms, making it memorable, reflecting praise or reproach with it.

Characteristic features of Japanese poetry

Japanese haiku poetry is distinguished by its desire for conciseness, conciseness of forms, love for minimalism, which is inherent in Japanese national art, which is universal and can create minimalistic and monumental images with equal virtuosity. Why is Japanese haiku so popular and attractive? First of all, this is a concise thought, reflected by the thoughts of ordinary citizens who are wary of the traditions of classical poetry. Japanese haiku becomes the bearer of a capacious idea and most of all responds to the demands of growing generations. The beauty of Japanese poetry is in the depiction of those objects that are close to every person. It shows the life of nature and man in harmonious unity against the backdrop of the changing seasons. Japanese poetry is syllabic, with a rhythm based on the alternation of the number of syllables. Rhyme in haiku is unimportant, but the sound and rhythmic organization of the three-line is primary.

The size of the poems

Only the unenlightened think that this original verse has no parameters and no limitations. Japanese haiku has a fixed meter with a certain number of syllables. Each verse has its own number: in the first - five, in the second - seven, and in the third - only seventeen syllables. But this does not limit poetic liberty in any way. A real creator will never reckon with the meter in achieving poetic expressiveness.

The small size of haiku makes even a European sonnet monumental. The art of writing Japanese haiku lies precisely in the ability to express thoughts in a concise form. In this respect, haiku bears a resemblance to folk proverbs. The main differences between such proverbs and haiku lie in genre features. Japanese haiku is not an edifying saying, not a well-aimed witticism, but a poetic picture, framed in a few strokes. The task of the poet is in the lyrical excitement, the flight of the imagination and the detail of the picture. Japanese haiku has examples even in the works of Chekhov. In his letters, he describes the beauty of moonlit nights, stars and black shadows.

Necessary elements of the work of Japanese poets

The way of creating Japanese three-line poems requires the maximum activity of the writer, complete immersion in creativity. It is impossible to simply skim through the collection of haiku without focusing attention. Each poem requires thoughtful reading and philosophical reflection. A passive reader will not be able to feel the impulse inherent in the content of creation. Only with the joint work of the thoughts of the reader and the creator, true art is born, just as the swing of the bow and the trembling of the string give birth to music. The miniature size of the haiku does not at all make it easier for the creator, because it means that you need to fit the immensity into a small number of words, and there is simply no time for a lengthy presentation of your thoughts. In order not to expound the meaning hastily, the writer looks for a climax in every phenomenon.

Heroes of Japanese haiku

Many poets express their thoughts and emotions in haiku by giving the main role to a specific object. Some poets reflect the people's worldview with a loving depiction of small forms and the assertion of their right to life. Poets stand up in their creations for insects, amphibians, simple peasants and gentlemen. Therefore, the examples of Japanese haiku three-line examples have a social sound. The emphasis on small forms allows you to paint a picture of a large scale.

The beauty of nature in verse

Japanese haiku about nature is akin to painting, as it often becomes the transmission of the plot of paintings and a source of inspiration for artists. Sometimes haiku is a special component of a painting, which is served as a calligraphic inscription under it. A striking example of such a work is Buson's three-verse:
"Curse flowers around. The sun goes out in the west. The moon rises in the east."

Wide fields are described, covered with yellow colza flowers, which seem especially bright in the rays of sunset. The fiery solar ball effectively contrasts with the pallor of the rising moon. There are no details in haiku showing the effect of lighting and a palette of colors, but it offers a new look at the picture. The grouping of the main elements and details of the picture depends on the poet. The laconic manner of depiction makes Japanese haiku related to ukiyo-e color engraving:

The spring rain is pouring!
They talk along the way
Umbrella and mino.

This Buson haiku is a genre scene in the spirit of ukiyo-e woodblock prints. Its meaning is in the conversation of two passers-by under the spring rain. One of them is covered with an umbrella, and the second is dressed in a straw cloak - mino. The peculiarity of this haiku is the fresh breath of spring and subtle humor, close to the grotesque.

Images in the poems of Japanese poets

The poet who creates Japanese haiku often prefers not visual, but sound images. Each sound is filled with a special meaning, feeling and mood. The howl of the wind, the chirping of cicadas, the cries of a pheasant, the singing of a nightingale and a lark, the voice of a cuckoo can be reflected in the poem. This is how haiku is remembered, describing a whole orchestra that sounds in the forest.

The lark sings.
With a ringing blow in the thicket
The pheasant echoes him.
(Basho)

Readers do not have a three-dimensional panorama of associations and images, but a thought awakens with certain directions. The poems resemble a monochrome ink drawing, without unnecessary details. Only a few skillfully selected elements help to create a brilliant picture of late autumn in its brevity. One feels the pre-wind silence and the sad immobility of nature. The light contour of the image nevertheless has an increased capacity and fascinates with its depth. And even if only nature is described in the poem, the state of the poet's soul, his painful loneliness, is felt.

Flight of the reader's imagination

The appeal of haiku lies in the feedback. Only this poetic form allows you to have equal opportunities with writers. The reader becomes a co-author. And he can be guided by his imagination in depicting the image. Together with the poet, the reader experiences sadness, shares anguish and plunges into the depths of personal experiences. Over the long centuries of existence, ancient haiku have not become less profound. Japanese haiku rather does not show, but hints and prompts. The poet Issa expressed his longing for the dead child in haiku:

Our life is a dewdrop.
Let only a drop of dew
Our life is still...

At the same time, dew is a metaphor for the frailty of life. Buddhism teaches the brevity and ephemeral nature of human life and its low value. But still, the father cannot come to terms with the loss of a loved one and cannot treat life like a philosopher. His silence at the end of the stanza says more than words.

Inconsistency in hockey

An obligatory element of Japanese haiku is reticence and the ability to independently continue the line of the creator. Most often, the verse contains two significant words, and the rest is formalities and exclamations. All unnecessary details are discarded, leaving the bare facts without embellishment. Poetic means are selected very sparingly, since, if possible, metaphors and epithets are not used. It also happens that Japanese haiku verses are but at the same time the direct meaning lies in the subtext.

From the heart of a peony
The bee crawls slowly...
Oh, with what reluctance!

Basho wrote this poem at the moment of parting with his friend's house and clearly conveyed all the emotions.

The Japanese position of haiku was and remains an innovative art that belongs to ordinary people: merchants, artisans, peasants and even beggars. Sincere feelings and natural emotions inherent in every person make people of different classes related.

Haiku is one of the best known and most widespread genres of Japanese poetry. True, not everyone can comprehend the meaning of short three-line poems, since they contain a deep connection between nature and man. Only very sensual and refined natures, who, moreover, are characterized by observation, can appreciate how beautiful and sublime these verses are. After all, haiku is just one moment of life, captured in words. And if a person has never paid attention to the sunrise, the sound of the surf, or the night song of a cricket, then it will be very difficult for him to feel the beauty and conciseness of haiku.

There are no analogues of haiku verses in any poetry of the world. This is explained by the fact that the Japanese have a special worldview, a very authentic and original culture, and other principles of education. By nature, the representatives of this nation are philosophers and contemplators. At the moments of the highest rise, such people give birth to poems known throughout the world as haiku.

The principle of their creation is quite simple and, at the same time, complex. The poem consists of three short lines, the first of which contains the initial information about the place, time and essence of the event. In turn, the second line reveals the meaning of the first, filling the moment with a special charm. The third line represents the conclusions, which very often reflect the author's attitude to what is happening, so they can be very unexpected and original. Thus, the first two lines of the poem are descriptive in nature, and the last conveys the feelings that the person saw inspired by what he saw.

In Japanese poetry, there are rather strict rules for writing haiku, which are based on principles such as rhythm, breathing technique, and language features. So, authentic Japanese haiku are created according to the 5-7-5 principle. This means that the first and last line must have exactly five syllables, and the second line must have seven. In addition, the entire poem must consist of 17 words. Naturally, only people who not only have a rich imagination and an inner world devoid of conventions, but also a magnificent literary style, as well as the ability to succinctly and colorfully express their thoughts, can comply with these rules.

It is worth noting that rule 5-7-5 does not apply to haiku poems if they are written in other languages. This is due, first of all, to the linguistic features of Japanese speech, its rhythm and melodiousness. Therefore, haiku written in Russian can contain an arbitrary number of syllables in each line. The same goes for word count. Only the three-line form of the poem remains unchanged, in which there is no rhyme, but at the same time the phrases are built in such a way that they create a special rhythm, conveying to the listener a certain impulse that makes the person mentally draw a picture of what he heard.

There is another haiku rule, which, however, the authors adhere to at their own discretion. It lies in the contrast of phrases, when the living side by side with the dead, and the power of nature opposes the ability of man. However, it is worth noting that contrasting haiku have a much greater imagery and attractiveness, creating bizarre pictures of the universe in the imagination of the reader or listener.

Writing haiku does not require focused effort and concentration. The process of writing such poems does not occur by the will of consciousness, but is dictated by our subconscious. Only fleeting phrases, inspired by what they saw, can fully correspond to the concept of haiku and claim the title of literary masterpieces.