At what age should children start learning letters and numbers? School age What time do children start reading?

Without exception, parents are happy when their baby learns something new.

Any, even the slightest, victories become a reason for pride, they are certainly told to all acquaintances and friends.

Many modern psychologists speak negatively about the early development of the child, as they believe that psychological characteristics are not taken into account in this process.

The development and state of the child's psyche 100 years ago and now do not have any differences.

No parent or teacher is able to speed up or otherwise influence the psychological processes in the body of their child.

Abstract images, such as letters or numbers, the child is not able to perceive until the age of 6. His nervous system has a program that is genetically incorporated, and at certain moments the moment of development of certain brain structures comes.

At 5-6 years old, the child has developed visual-figurative thinking. He perceives only what he could see and feel throughout his small life.

At 3-4 years old, such concepts as a letter, word, syllable are not perceived by the child. He can put letters into syllables and mechanically memorize their spelling. But it is still impossible to read some simple sentence, and even more so, it is impossible for a baby to understand it.

Another important aspect is that the main activity of preschool children is the game. It is the games that prepare the baby to feel the world around him, to understand people, to express his thoughts. If you unknowingly, and even more thoughtlessly disrupt this "playing" activity, you can do much harm to the development of the child's personality.

The Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget identifies three periods of psychological development in children:

• sensory-motor (from birth to two years) - the formation of tactile feelings and physical sensations;
• figurative (from two to seven years) - in the foreground is the game and language acquisition, self-esteem is formed;
• logical (from seven years to eleven years) - logical conclusions are built.

Of course, the third period is best for learning to read. But despite this, many modern parents strive to teach their child to read as early as possible.

Early development: pros and cons

Over the past decade, the phrase early development can be increasingly heard from the lips of newly minted parents.

Proponents of this development argue that the most optimal age is from 3 months to 3 years.

The Japanese Association for Early Development even published a book called "It's Too Late After 3", which convinces modern moms and dads of the need for such development.

Psychologists believe that such a desire - to teach the child everything and at once as quickly as possible - is dictated by the insecurity of parents. They are driven by their own lack of fulfillment and life dissatisfaction. Therefore, to make a child prodigy out of their child becomes simply the goal of their whole life.

Early development has not only its advantages, according to the Association, but also its disadvantages. The advantages are:

1. Communication with a child. No matter how difficult the classes and reading lessons are, the baby spends time with his beloved parents. Such communication is necessary and has a positive effect on the psychological development of the child.
2. New information. During reading classes, the child learns a lot of new and interesting things for himself. Of course, even without early reading he will get acquainted with objects and phenomena. But developing books will make this process more interesting.
3. Brain development. Since reading classes develop the child, his brain is trained without stress and grasps everything on the fly. This will help in the school years to reduce the load and more successfully cope with educational tasks.
4. Acquisition of useful skills. Early development is the training of thinking, the development of new skills, the development of logic. This is the "foundation" for further learning. The following knowledge will not be able to take a firm place if there is no preparation.
5. Increasing self-esteem. Praise is needed for both mothers and children. When parents are engaged with the baby, the realization that they are doing something useful is uplifting. Yes, and the child, feeling the pride of his parents and hearing affectionate words, strives for new victories.

1. Parents are involved. For them, early development is a kind of race and a way of self-realization. They want to show others what heights their child can achieve and what contribution they have made to this.
2. Knowledge takes time and effort. This applies to both mothers and children. When working with a child, a mother can forget about herself and devote time only to classes in order to achieve better results. And it is difficult for a child, due to age and psychological characteristics, to concentrate his attention for a long time.
3. The interests of the child are not taken into account. The main activity of early preschool age is play. And of course, it is more interesting for a child to play toys, watch cartoons, communicate with pets than to sit at developing books and learn to read. It is important to consider the wishes of the child.
4. Unpreparedness for new knowledge. The brain perceives the information that corresponds to the age and needs of the child. If such early education is carried out with an unprepared child, then in the future it will have a bad effect on schooling. And the child will not have any desire to go to an educational institution.

Each parent makes their own decision about the optimal age for teaching their child to read. But it is better when choosing to take into account the pros and cons of early and timely development.

You will find everything about choosing a pharmacy aspirator for a baby.

Reading for pleasure: when to start?

Psychologists identify several physiological features of the child, which should be taken into account:

1. A prerequisite for the start of learning is the speech of the child. He must speak not only in words, but also in sentences. Understand what he says and why. It is very dangerous to start training when the baby still does not speak well.
2. Can a child easily name a word that starts with the letter M and ends with the letter A? Highlights a common sound in a few words? He has a well-developed phonemic ear. And this is very important for learning to read.
3. The child should not have speech therapy problems. If he does not pronounce some letters of the alphabet, then this disrupts phonemic hearing and makes reading difficult.
4. The kid must think spatially and know the concepts of "left", "right". Since he will have to read from left to right. If spatial concepts are unfamiliar, then the child begins to read as he likes: from the letter that is most interesting.

Approximately these signs and skills are manifested by the age of five. But each child is individual, and this should not be forgotten.

If parents read fairy tales every night before going to bed, instill a love of reading, introduce the baby to poems by reading aloud, then the subsequent education of the child will be successful and desirable.

Reading teaching methods: which one to choose?

For early learning to read, there are several methods that have their own characteristics and recommendations.

Which one to choose to achieve maximum results?

1. ABC- each letter has a helper picture, which makes it easier to remember the letter. For example, A is a stork, M is milk. But this method is bad for reading, since the child, together with the letter, remembers the image that refers to it. How can he understand why the word MAMA consists of alternating storks and milk, if he is used to such pictures?
2. Primer This is the traditional way of learning. Modern primers are distinguished by the presence of a variety of bright pictures and characters. But their principle remained the same - letters are combined into syllables, and syllables into words. A good primer should not first introduce children to all the letters of the alphabet, and then teach them how to form syllables. It is better that the study of letters and syllables goes in parallel, because from two consonants and the same number of vowels you can make a lot of syllables. This technique allows the child to independently receive syllables from letters and words from syllables.
3. Whole word method- its author is the American scientist Glen Doman. He conducted an experiment which consisted of the following. The gaze of babies begins to focus from about two months of age, and they observe and learn about the world around them with interest. Just at that age, they were shown cards with sentences or words at a fast pace. And the mother or the teacher read what was written on the cards aloud. The duration of such classes at first was supposed to be a maximum of 10 minutes, and then this time was increased. The child memorized whole words thanks to this method. Special requirements were imposed on the cards on which the words were written: the size and height of the letters, the amount of information were strictly selected. With the advent of this technique, parents enthusiastically began to write cards and conduct such "early" activities with their babies. But after some time, the interest of the child disappeared, and the enthusiasm of the parents gradually faded away.
4. Zaitsev Cubes Probably everyone has heard of them. Petersburg teacher N. A. Zaitsev came up with the idea of ​​placing warehouses on cubes, which allowed children to learn to read in a playful way. It seems to be good that the main activity of a preschool child is taken into account, but this is not a very convincing advantage. And there are several disadvantages. The first drawback is the cost of the kit. Cubes, poster tables and an audio cassette can cost a pretty penny to "advanced" parents. The second drawback is that the child is deprived of the opportunity to understand how syllables appear, and uses ready-made “material”.
5. The system of the earliest possible development of Pavel Tyulenev: the motto of this technique is "The sooner the better." More specifically, P. Tyulenev believes that any normal child by the age of one will easily learn how to put letters into words, and by two he will master reading fluency. As well as in the method of whole words, cards are used that are read to the child from birth. It is important to ensure that the child is not distracted by other objects. If you apply this technique in practice, it means skipping all the psychological stages of a child's development and immediately proceeding to perform mental operations. But what about the game and imaginative thinking?

Without playing moments in learning, it is almost impossible to teach a preschool child to read. It is necessary to try to conduct classes in a playful way, use fairy-tale helper characters, and write lesson scenarios.

1. It is important not to force the child to read if he does not want to. Such activities should evoke positive emotions. This will be useful for further schooling and adaptation to learning.
2. Think carefully about tasks, as the success of training depends on it. Do not ask to read long sentences until you are sure that the child understands the meaning of what is read.
3. The duration of the lesson should be 10-15 minutes. Remember - the child quickly gets tired, especially from a new type of activity. If he has lost interest, it is better to end the session and let him rest.
And there is simply no definite answer at what age it is worth starting such classes. Do not forget that the baby is not a tool for your self-realization, but a person with his own needs and characteristics.

It is important to understand what the purpose of training is, and then the choice of the appropriate time to start such classes will be simple and obvious. Good luck and patience!

Related video

How did I learn to read? It all started with a magnetic alphabet that my mother gave me. There weren't many toys in our house, so I focused completely on learning letters, connecting them into syllables, and syllables into words. At the age of four, I read fluently and in kindergarten, instead of playing with dolls, I sat in a secluded corner with a thick, tattered book of fairy tales, which I begged from the teacher. Most of my peers learned to read and write with the help of the school curriculum.

Today's kids are different. Many of them already know how to read before school. This is facilitated by parents, following the methods of early development. Some of these methods, such as those of Pavel Tyulenev, contain promises that babies will learn to read by the age of two. But the following question remains open: Is this early development good for children? And another question:

Regarding the first question, Is early development good for children?”once met with interesting information. I'll retell some of my thoughts.

The bottom line is that following the method of early development, we do not give the child the opportunity to progress in a natural way. The psychological development of a child goes through several stages: sensory-motor (up to 2 years, when the baby learns the world through tactile sensations), figurative (up to 7 years, when he masters speech, gets acquainted with reality through a symbolic game, realizes his own "I") and logical (after 7 years, when the child learns to compare facts, build a logical chain, make independent decisions). Reading belongs to the category of logical operations, and teaching a child to read when he has not yet passed the stage of symbolic play means going against the laws of nature.

Psychologists note that persistent attempts to teach a child to read at an early age can play a cruel joke. If a child learns to read before talking, then there may be problems in live communication, a delay in speech development.

If the baby has not yet formed a spatial orientation, and he confuses “right” with “left”, this may affect reading. For example, a child will read a word from the letter he likes, or "see" the word in a mirror image.

With the fact that the baby must go through certain stages in its development, many mothers will agree, having seen this from their own experience. Maybe it also happened to you that the kid, knowing the letters at the age of 3-4 and even being able to combine them into syllables, consciously and most importantly with pleasure, began to read only by the age of 6-7? Therefore, another question arises: is it worth the haste?

So at what age can a child learn to read? Maybe we should give up any attempts to develop it from an early age?

In fact, there are no clear age norms. Everything is individual. Some of the kids are already talking and reading easily by the age of 4. Some people find reading difficult.

The main rule is no pressure, pressure, and even more so, verbal or physical violence! If you see that the child easily perceives information, and he likes it, then take a moment and teach the baby to read.

If your baby is withdrawing into himself because of your attempts to teach him to read, change tactics. Otherwise, you risk raising a child who hates learning. Unobtrusively, little by little. It was these recommendations that my friend, a teacher of elementary grades by education and vocation, gave me when she saw how I was trying to teach my eldest to read. Following the advice, I soon saw positive results.

Don't be discouraged if your toddler only knows a few letters while the next door boy of the same age can read fluently. In practice, there are many cases when children who learned to read later caught up and overtook their school colleagues who read from early childhood. Be patient and you will succeed!

For almost all modern parents, teaching a child to read and write has become a kind of sports competition. With the advent of fashion for all sorts of methods of early development, parents literally arrange distillation: whose child learned to read earlier.

It's no secret that the times when we were considered the most reading country in the world are gone forever. Now we cannot boast of such a cultural level, but the collapse of the Soviet Union should not be blamed for this. The advent of computers, video games, TV shows and all sorts of films attracts young people much more than books. However, psychologists and educators argue that there is another the reason for the decline in the love of books among the young population is early learning to read.

Often, as already mentioned, parents perceive the child's ability to read as some kind of their own achievement. Desire and interest in this process of the child himself caring mothers are not interested at all. So it turns out that teaching the baby to read, we simultaneously instill a great dislike for this action. When children grow up, and mothers no longer influence them so much, they simply stop reading, because they associate a book with terrible boredom and obligation.

So after all, is there a certain period when a child needs to be taught to read? How to recognize this moment and how to start learning correctly so as not to permanently discourage the desire to read from your baby?

Fashion techniques

Now, in a period of a huge amount of information and new pedagogical and psychological theories, the fashion for early development has burst into the world of raising a child. A large number of psychologists in unison argue that the cognitive activity of the child is most intense in period from 3 months to 3 years. Psychologists explain their choice of age by the fact that it is during this period that the human brain absorbs all the information it receives.

One of the main ideologists of early education is a Japanese scientist Masaru Ibuki even published the book "After 3 it's too late", in which he claims that up to three years a child can be taught almost everything. The teacher rejects the possibility of overloading the child with information, saying that the child's brain stops perceiving information when there is too much of it and simply turns off.

In addition to Masaru Ibuki, there are a huge number of scientists in solidarity with him, for example Glen Doman, Zaitsev etc. All of them argue that the younger the child, the easier and faster he perceives new information.

Being sure that early developed talents will ensure a successful life for the child, parents do not suspect that there are pitfalls in early education.

Why is early learning so incredibly popular among young parents? There are various explanations for this. One of them is parents' attempt to make up for past failures. They want to make a child prodigy out of their child, not for his good, but in order to satisfy their pride. Perhaps someone did not achieve the desired goals, did not achieve the life that they wanted, and now they are trying to realize themselves through the child. Do not think that these parents are monsters and deliberately mock the baby. Often, such a motivation to raise a child-genius is absolutely not realized by them, and they sincerely believe that the child himself wants this, that he is interested in it and that parents are trying for their baby. But being sure that early developed talents will provide the child with successful studies and further life, parents do not even suspect that there are pitfalls in such early education.

What's in your head?

There are three main stages in the development and maturation of the brain. This process is long and occurs from birth to 15 years.

From the beginning of pregnancy to three years in the children's brain, those structures and systems are formed that will be responsible for the physical, emotional state of the child, as well as for his cognitive abilities. These structures are called the first functional block of the brain.

After three and up to 7-8 years the second functional block develops. This block is responsible for the perception of the baby. The organs of sight, hearing, smell and touch will be controlled by this block.

Up to 12-15 years old the last third block develops. This block controls and organizes the active and conscious mental activity of the child.

You see that there is a certain sequence of development of brain functions. Without the first stage, the second cannot develop, and so on. When we try to jump one level of development, we run the risk of negative consequences. Failure of the brain development program can damage the processes that occur in the brain and which should develop at a certain time and under certain conditions.

Of course, the negative effects of early learning may not be noticed for several years, but they will still manifest themselves sooner or later. And such failures in the brain program can manifest themselves in the form neurosis, stuttering, nervous tics, and simply in problems with social contacts.

As for early reading, it is worth saying that this process, due to its severity for a small child, causes a strong blood flow to the brain, thereby weakening the blood supply to the respiratory and digestive organs.

Moreover, do not forget about harm to eyesight. All ophthalmologists unanimously declare that teaching a child under the age of five to read means spoiling his eyesight with his own hands. The ciliary muscle, which is responsible for vision, develops just before the age of 5-6, causing the child to overload the eyes so much before this age, you run the risk of developing myopia in the child.

Do you believe in early learning?

Such methods are really interesting not only from a pedagogical point of view, but also from the point of view of loving parents. Who would not want a child to know English from the age of six, solve problems at the high school level, being in the first grade. The picture is really attractive and, according to the authors of the methods, is real and feasible. But we hear about the effectiveness of these techniques only from the authors themselves, but many doctors and teachers unanimously speak about their harm. The statistics also help, according to which children who later learned to read and write are much more successful at school than their "early" peers.

Young talents

Another disadvantage that the authors of early development methods never mention is desocialization of the child. The fact is that the age from 3 to 7 years is the period when the main activity of the child is communication and knowledge of basic moral norms and laws. At this age, the baby must constantly communicate with peers and adults, learn to communicate with people, find a common language, feel free in society. Instead, he needs to sit at the book with you. Of course, in such a situation, there will be no talk of any adaptation to society, because the child is simply deprived of the opportunity to do what he should do at this age.

If you still decide to teach your child to read, then remember that the most important thing in this process is his desire and interest.

The main form of activity of the child at this age is a game. It is by playing that the child learns to communicate, shares good and evil, good and bad deeds. The learning stage comes later for the baby - when he goes to school and is already ready for it. Fans of early learning, without waiting for the psychological readiness of the baby, immediately immerse him in the learning process, without thinking that it is extremely difficult for a child of this age.

That is why newly-minted gifted children who read from the age of two, write from the age of three and know by heart several dozen poems never find friends among their peers. Often they are closed and uncommunicative, do not know how to find a common language with others, and do not make contact.

Even more dangerous is the current trend to teach a child not only to read, but also the exact sciences before the age of five. Thus, the child completely turns off imagination, figurative thinking, and this is so important for the development of the baby.

How to teach?

If you still decide to teach your child to read, then remember that the most important thing in this process is his desire and interest. If you yourself understand why a child needs to be able to read, you can easily explain this to him and motivate him to learn.

This article will focus on reading with a child under 1 year old. Many parents think that it does not make sense to start reading books to a child early, because. The kid still doesn't understand. However, it is not. The sooner you start reading books to your child, the better, and why - I will tell in this article. Also from the article you will find out which books are best for reading up to a year, and which pictures are the most interesting and useful for the baby.

Why should children read books from birth?

• Reading books to a small child expand it passive vocabulary . Of course, the baby will not immediately begin to understand the meaning of what he heard, but the words will be deposited in his memory, and gradually he will more and more identify them with real concepts. Thus, reading contributes to the development of speech.
• Like other developmental activities at an early age, reading books teaches the baby concentrate which will be very useful for future studies.
• Any communication with parents very valuable for a child. The child likes the sound of parental voices. You probably talk to your baby all the time. Reading fairy tales and poems, looking at pictures in books will further enrich the baby's impressions.
• Reading promotes development of the imagination child. At first glance, it may seem that cartoons can cope with the cognitive and educational role in a child's life just as well as books. However, unlike the book, the cartoon does not give room for the imagination. In addition, while watching a cartoon, the child does not have time to comprehend the information received, since he must perceive new video sequences that appear on the screen.

What and how to read?

You should start your acquaintance with books with short rhythmic poems and simple fairy tales based on repeated repetition, such as "Turnip", "Teremok", "Kolobok". Thanks to repetition, the child remembers and assimilates information better. As more interest in books is shown, one can introduce fairy tales with a more “intricate” plot (“Three Little Pigs”, “Three Bears”, “The Wolf and the Seven Kids”, “Little Red Riding Hood”, etc.), as well as longer and various poems. If a child is familiar with books from the cradle, then he will listen with pleasure and interest to Chukovsky, Marshak already at the age of one. A more detailed list of books to read with children under 1 year old can be found here:

When you read a book to your child, be sure to stop and explain the words that your child does not yet know or understand. Look at the illustrations together, tell the kid about all the details shown in the picture, show where the heroes of the fairy tale are, what and how they do, where a small butterfly flies and a flower grows. From time to time ask the baby “Where is the bear? Where is the dog?

Such questions are simply necessary to maintain the attention of the child, and also allow him to be an active participant in your conversation. Of course, at first you will have to answer your own questions. But gradually (at 9-10 months) the baby will begin to poke his finger where you expect.

Do not be afraid to re-read the same fairy tales many times, children are very conservative in their tastes, they love repeated repetitions and ask to re-read their favorite books again and again. A large number of repetitions, by the way, perfectly trains the memory of the child.

It is also useful for a child to consider the so-called textbooks for toddlers (For example, a book Olesya Zhukova "The baby's first textbook» ( Ozone, labyrinth, My shop). In such books there are many pictures that form the basic vocabulary of the baby. They contain images of clothes, toys, vegetables and fruits, transport, etc. You can make such a tutorial yourself by cutting out pictures from magazines and other unnecessary waste paper and sticking them into an album.

What pictures to consider with the baby?

For children under one year old, it is important to remember this rule: The younger the child, the larger the picture should be shown to him. Pictures in purchased books should be understandable. The smallest will be very interested in educational books from the series " School of the Seven Dwarfs» — « My favorite toys», «», « color pictures". They show only one item on one page, without unnecessary details.

At 9-10 months, the child becomes interested not only in objects, but also in the simplest actions - the dog walks, the boy claps his hands, the kitten washes, the girl eats, etc. Books suitable for this stage Who's doing what?», « My first book" (also from the series "SHSG"). For each action in these books, a simplified name is offered - “top-top”, “clap-clap”, “boo-boo”, “yum-yum”, etc.

As the child grows older, he begins to show more and more interest in small details in the pictures, he begins to notice small insects, he becomes interested in looking for berries and mushrooms. Therefore, books with more detailed images will have to appear in the baby's library.

Try to choose books with high-quality illustrations for your baby. Appreciate the book well in the store. Modern publishing houses do not always carefully approach the issue of creating illustrations. A lot of books are being published now, made "bluff" on a computer, where characters can be copied from page to page even without changing their posture and facial expressions. What kind of pictures you show your baby from childhood will certainly affect his artistic tastes.

baby book

Another very useful book for the baby you can make yourself. The child will watch it with great pleasure, and this is no coincidence, because this book will be about him! To create such a book, you will need a photo album and a selection of high-quality photographs of the baby, mom, dad, other close relatives, pets, and even favorite toys. We also need photographs depicting the simplest actions of the child: Masha eats, Masha sleeps, bathes, reads a book, swings on a swing, etc. It is desirable that there is only one photo on one page, and under it is a short signature in large printed red letters - “Mom” or “Masha is sleeping.” The same principle is used here as with - the child visually remembers the spelling of the words you speak. After repeated viewing, he will easily recognize the word "mother" written elsewhere.

A bit from our experience of reading books before the year

We started reading books to our daughter every day around the age of 3 months. At first, she listened attentively to them, did not get distracted, delved into everything (as far as it is possible to do this at the age of 3 months). But then, at 6 months old, she practically stopped showing interest in books. Seeing the book in my hands, she either began to gnaw at it, or simply crawled away from me. I even began to worry that our baby is not at all assiduous. But common sense suggested that perhaps this was just a period of development that had to be waited out. Therefore, although we regularly offered our daughter to look through the books, we did not do it too intrusively.

Interest in books returned at the age of 9 months (to this day, Tasya just loves to read books). And this interest has become more conscious. The daughter did not just look at the variety of colorful flowers, listening to my voice, she really understood what was shown in the pictures, she began to connect the pictures with real life. At 10 months old, Tasya was already answering questions like “Where is the cow?” by pointing her finger at the right place in the picture.

Taya liked to look at her own photo album the most. We flipped through it several times back and forth, and it still wasn't enough for her. She was happy to show where mom is, where dad is. From the age of 10 months, she showed her photo in the album, said “Taaa” (i.e. Tasya).

That concludes, see you soon! Be sure to check out the articles:

Most parents complain that their children do not like to read. The current generation prefers gadgets. What to do? How to teach a child to love a book?

- "I want to go out!"

“Until you read twenty pages of a book, you won’t sit down at the computer and you won’t go for a walk!” Unfortunately, such a dialogue can be heard in many families. If you, in this way, are trying to instill in your child a love of reading, then we dare to assure you that you will not succeed.

Under duress, under duress, it is impossible to awaken in a child a love for a book.

The process of reading should give him pleasure. How to achieve this? In this article, we will try to answer this question, based on pedagogical experience and advice from child psychologists. But first, let's define the concept of "early development of a child" and talk about modern methods of such development. Young mothers are inevitably faced with an avalanche of very different opinions on this matter. Some argue that the process of teaching a child should begin from the first days of his birth. Others are sure that early development does more harm than good.

Undoubtedly, we live in a high-tech world. And this world is ruthless, it requires the adaptation of intelligence even from children. It is not surprising that many young mothers, having learned about newfangled methods of early development, try to put them into practice. For example, they begin to instill in their child a love of reading right from the cradle. Are modern methods of early development harmful or beneficial for children? Let's try to figure it out.

When and how can early development be harmful?

• Undoubtedly, early age (from 0 to 6 years) is the most important stage that determines the future development of a person.
• Scientists argue that insufficient stimulation of the baby's brain during this life period can lead to irreversible negative consequences.
• Neuroscientists, based on the results of their research, authoritatively state that the main neural connections in the brain of a child are formed before the age of three.

Scientific research on the benefits of early development

It was the scientific discoveries described above that prompted the Japanese businessman Ibuka Masaru to develop his own methodology and publish the book “After Three It's Too Late”. In this book, a Japanese engineer proves that the giftedness of any child depends on a properly organized environment and parental efforts. Ibuka Masaru developed his technique based on a scientifically proven fact - a child's brain is able to absorb information many times more than an adult's brain. The book gained great popularity all over the world. There are many supporters of this technique, but there are also ardent opponents.

Of course, all mothers strive to develop their babies not only physically, but also mentally. And they do it with the help of books, communication, developing activities. Some parents, armed with Zaitsev's cubes or G. Doman's cards, begin quite serious activities with their baby. What is it? Personal ambitions, the desire to raise a genius, the desire to surprise girlfriends? A kid who can read at the age of three is great! Not sure!

Negative Consequences of Early Learning

Unfortunately, talk about the dangers of early childhood education is a reality, not a myth. And many experts talk about it. Most often, neurologists face the negative consequences of early educational “experiments”. It is to them that mothers turn with complaints of certain nervous disorders that suddenly arise in a child. The kid does not want to study, is naughty, he has lost his appetite, he cannot concentrate. What was the reason for such changes in the behavior of the child? It turns out that about a month ago, the mother began to teach her baby (at the age of one year or one and a half years) to read and count. But these are not the saddest consequences of the application of modern methods of early development.

• Due to the overload of the central nervous system during classes, children may have sleep disturbances, enuresis, nervous tics, and stuttering.
• The kid may complain of headaches, he may experience serious endocrine disorders.
• Educational activities that are not appropriate for the age of the baby can cause mental strain in children.
• Scientists have proven that the child's brain develops in stages. Last of all, the zones responsible for the perception of abstract information and for the control of emotions and will mature. If a mother is trying to teach her baby the alphabet or forcing a one-year-old baby to study according to one of the training programs, nothing good can be expected. Children at this age should explore the world by running and playing.
• Untimely development of reading skills can lead to a decrease in the "plasticity" of the brain. Forced replacement of immature neural circuits with available ones can further lead to inhibition of intellectual development. You should not give a small child tasks on logic. After all, the parietal areas of the brain responsible for logic are fully developed only by the age of 13.
• We will not delve too deeply into the anatomical features of the development of the child's brain. But we have no right to say nothing about the consequences of overloading the unformed frontal parts of the brain. A small child can learn to read, but it will not bring him any benefit or pleasure.
• Violations in the development of the brain can be irreversible, which in the future will negatively affect the mental abilities of the child. Such children, as a rule, do not study well, are easily distracted in the classroom, it is difficult for them to concentrate on anything. They are lethargic, apathetic, their speech is poor, they hardly perceive any new information.
• Most children's doctors oppose the use of any methods of early development of children. But, of course, it's up to the parents to decide.

When is the best time to start teaching a child to read - expert opinions

The best age for learning

The optimal age for teaching a child to read is the period from 4-6 years. By this age, the articular apparatus is already sufficiently developed in children, they are able to fix their attention on the task assigned to them. By the way, there is plenty of time before entering school.

How to understand that the child is ready to learn: tips

Many parents are interested in the question: “Is it possible to independently recognize whether a child is ready for learning without the participation of specialists?” Of course you can. And it's not difficult at all to do so. In order for classes not to be a burden and give pleasure to the child, he must have some skills and knowledge.

Namely:

• The child should not have speech therapy problems. If the baby does not pronounce certain sounds, parents should show it to a speech therapist. The doctor will select the necessary exercises for the development of speech. It is possible that a short frenulum of the tongue prevents the child from pronouncing sounds correctly. In the dental clinic, the surgeon will cut the frenulum, and the problem will be solved. For a child, this process is easy and almost painless.
• The child should have developed phonetic hearing. The kid already knows how to recognize the sounds in the word.
• He is well oriented in space. Understands the meaning of words: right, left, down, up.
• The kid knows how to speak in sentences, he can independently compose a story from a picture, retell a fairy tale.
• He shows a clear interest in reading.

Education should be built taking into account the age and psychological characteristics of the child. there are quite a few.

• One of the most effective is the traditional teaching method. alphabet reading . The meaning of the classes is to consistently study letters, and then words. This is a very painstaking work that requires perseverance. This technique allows you to apply game moments.
• Cubes by Nikolai Zaitsev . This technique is based on the combination of a consonant with a vowel and vice versa. The child immediately learns syllables.
• G. Doman's technique . Pictures are used in teaching. The child learns to perceive the whole word. This technique perfectly trains visual memory in a child.
• Also considered effective training programs by E. Chaplygin and V. Voskobovich .

You can learn more about these programs on specialized websites. Methods of teaching reading are selected individually depending on the psycho-emotional development of the child.

How and when to teach a hyperactive and restless child to read

Many mothers of hyperactive children are sure that it is impossible to teach their child to read before school. However, this is an erroneous opinion. Of course, for a restless child, you need to select special teaching methods.

For example, learning to read using Zhukova's primer. Speech therapist Nadezhda Zhukova offers an interesting speech therapy technique for folding syllables. There are many colorful pictures in the primer that children like. There are detailed recommendations for parents on the pages of the book. According to many mothers of hyperactive children, this technique (unlike many others) makes it possible to interest the child.

The computer program "Baba Yaga Learns to Read" also received good reviews. This program is a fabulous alphabet in verse. Bright animation, funny animation, interesting magical characters can attract the attention of even the most restless kids. To find and return the letters to the alphabet, little players will have to go through ten difficult tests. During this game, children will not only learn to read, but also try to compose funny rhymes. A lot of music is recorded on the disc, fidgets will certainly like funny songs and mischievous ditties.

• Child psychologists recommend parents to cultivate perseverance in children from early childhood. A hyperactive child cannot sit still for more than fifteen minutes. When choosing a method, this feature must be taken into account.
• Experts recommend giving the child time to rest every fifteen minutes of training.
• Parents should start by reading fairy tales aloud. But adults should not turn into "reading slaves."
• As soon as the child is involved in the process, the initiative must be transferred to him.
• Too active children with attention disorders need to purchase special educational games. There are quite a few of them for sale. Having fallen in love with entertaining word games, the child will be able to smoothly move on to reading.