Red-brown discharge in women. Causes of various discharges in the middle of the cycle. Discharge after childbirth

Women's health is extremely fragile, unlike men's, so every woman should be regularly observed by a gynecologist and monitor her body. The menstrual cycle is characterized by the presence of a mucous secretion, and this is normal, regardless of the woman's age. However, the appearance of brown spotting in the middle of the cycle is a common concern. How dangerous are they and why do they appear at all?

Causes of discharge

The presence of a mucous secret indicates the normal functioning of the reproductive system of the female body, although in some cases the characteristics of the secret make it possible to detect a developing pathology.

The gynecologist, studying the discharge, pays attention to:

• volume;
• color;
• consistency.

Normal secretion varies from white to transparent. What does brown discharge mean in the middle of the cycle without pain?

Experts call two groups of reasons that are relevant for any smears: physiological and pathological. The former are the result of natural processes, and the latter are serious diseases.

Physiological reasons include:

1. Ovulation - when the egg is released from the follicle, it is likely that a brown secretion will be released.
2. Pregnancy - this can happen both at the very beginning, at conception, and in the third trimester. The attachment of the egg to the wall of the uterus is accompanied by a slight exfoliation of the endometrium, which gives the secret a brick color.
3. Changes in hormonal balance - these most often occur due to medication or a change in the type of oral contraception.

Discharge, as a consequence of physiological causes, does not cause pain or discomfort, and also does not have unpleasant odors.

Pathological causes gynecologists include:

1. Cervical erosion is a small wound on the epithelium, which bleeds and saturates the secret with a brown tint.
2. Fibroids are benign tumors in the uterus.
3. Endometriosis and adenomyosis are abrupt and unnatural growths of the endometrial layer in the vagina or outside the uterus.
4. Problems with blood clotting - red bodies stop clotting and come out with the vaginal secretion, staining it in a brick shade.
5. Vaginal infections - these include diseases that are caused by fungi, viruses and bacteria.
6. STDs - during the infection with sexually transmitted diseases in women, brown discharge in the middle of the cycle is often observed.

Light brown smears can also be the result of psychological factors. For example, stress at work or a change of place of residence.

Types of discharge between periods

Discharge is natural for the reproductive system of any woman. Initially watery, they thicken as menstruation approaches.

Normal are transparent, sometimes with a yellow tint (due to epithelial cells), small smears with a mucous structure.

At the same time, the girl does not experience pain or itching, her lower abdomen does not pull, and the smears themselves are odorless.

However, strokes may differ from normal strokes in their color or structure.

Types of possible allocations:

• creamy - typical for the last 2 weeks of the cycle. Differing in small volume, they are quite natural;
• white liquid, curdled - this is a sign of the development of thrush;
• transparent, thick or abundant liquid - occur immediately after unprotected sex;
• scarlet bright - observed mainly on the first or second day of menstruation;
• white with blood streaks - occur during ovulation in the middle of the cycle;
• yellow-greenish - a sign of gynecological pathology;
• thick, dark brown discharge - a symptom of colpitis, especially if pus or blood is visible in the smears;
• gray, characterized by an unpleasant odor - a consequence of vaginal bacteriosis.

A woman must definitely monitor her secretion and, if there are serious changes in her, visit a gynecologist.

Bleeding in the middle of the cycle - what does it mean?

The appearance of blood or its clots in the secretion of the vagina for a woman is not always a symptom of a developing pathology. They occur in the middle of the cycle in every third girl after the end of menstruation or a couple of weeks before them, and at the same time they indicate only small physiological processes, whether it is a decrease in female hormones or the conception of a child.

Sometimes the cause can be banal microcracks of the vagina obtained during sex.

Bleeding is not dangerous if it:

• small, i.e. smearing;
• takes less than three days;
• has a mucous structure.

In other words, if a woman does not use any means, with the exception of a daily pad, then bleeding is not dangerous.

If the bleeding does not stop, but even intensifies and there are pains or discomfort in the vagina, then this may indicate serious problems, including:

• inflammation from an intrauterine device used as a contraceptive;
• inflammation due to bacteria or fungus;
• STDs;
• Violations in the functionality of the thyroid gland and a failure in the hormonal balance of female hormones.

Only recently, doctors came to the conclusion that the psychological factor is no less important in the diagnosis of gynecological problems: it is emotional upheavals and neuroses that can cause vaginal bleeding.

What factors contribute to the occurrence of daub?

In addition to serious pathologies and hormonal changes, there are a number of factors that can provoke bloody daub.

Among them:

1. Rough sexual intercourse causes the appearance of microcracks in the epithelium of the vagina. Sex without the required amount of lubrication, as well as trauma to the labia, can also lead to this effect.
2. Ignoring the rules of personal hygiene - poor-quality care for the genitals leads to a change in the acid-base balance and constant spotting.
3. Oral contraception causes changes in the hormonal background of a woman, which causes abundant daubing of different shades. This is also possible during the first three months of using one type of contraceptive.
4. Taking medications without a prescription or doctor's advice. Often brown discharge can be a side effect of the drug.
5. Gynecological procedures, such as an examination, vaginal ultrasound, or biopsy, can cause copious secretions mixed with blood.

These factors often contribute to an increase in vaginal secretion and its unusual shades - brown or pink.

Copious discharge with drawing pains

Pain in the pelvic area is a serious symptom of a problem in the female reproductive system.

If at the same time abundant discharge is also observed, it is necessary to consider the most likely problems:

• neoplasms in the pelvis;
• infectious inflammation of the cervix, the uterus itself or its appendages.

The most common cause of bleeding and pain in women from 20 to 50 years old is inflammation of the uterus or appendages caused by the spread of infection. If the pain continues for a long period of time, with abundant discharge, then this indicates a rapid and deep spread of the infection throughout the body.

In addition, such symptoms (sudden pain and bloody smears) may indicate a tubal pregnancy, i.e. ectopic, which is a serious problem. It requires immediate medical and surgical intervention, otherwise there is a risk to the woman's life.

What diseases can be with the appearance of bleeding?

Doctors distinguish three groups of gynecological problems according to their nature and area of ​​\u200b\u200bdamage. First of all, they talk about problems with the endometrium of the uterus, which often affect girls after 25 years of age and arise as a result of problems with immunity and genetic diseases.

These pathologies include:

1. Endometritis is an inflammation of the uterine mucosa.
2. Polyps are a manifestation of hyperplasia, during which one or more growths appear inside the organs of the reproductive system.
3. Endometriosis is the abnormal growth of the endometrium inside and outside the uterus.

The second group of pathologies includes the occurrence of benign tumors in the reproductive system: fibroids - a neoplasm from muscle tissue, or fibroids - from connective tissue. These pathologies occur most often due to genetic inheritance, infertility, cycle disorders, frequent abortions, or metabolic problems. A separate group of pathology are malignant tumors.

The third group of pathologies include problems with the cervix. Most often, this is erosion, i.e. a wound on the epidermis, which is treated by cauterization.

Diagnosis of a cycle disorder

The first step in diagnosing any menstrual irregularities in women is a visit to a gynecologist.

At the appointment, after an internal examination, the cause of bleeding will be established or additional diagnostic procedures will be prescribed:

• Ultrasound - an ultrasound examination that allows you to visually examine the pelvic organs;
• blood tests for hormones;
• histological analysis.

After conducting all the necessary tests, the doctor can prescribe a comprehensive treatment, both invasive and surgical. Usually they begin with drug therapy, during which hormonal drugs, antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed. Oral or intramuscular antibiotics may also be prescribed.

When should you seek medical help?

Every woman should be regularly examined by a gynecologist. Usually - this is once every six months, which helps to prevent any pathologies and their timely diagnosis.

In addition, you should follow the rules of personal hygiene, eat right and have a regular sex life using contraception.

Seek medical attention immediately if a woman has:

1. Permanent delay in menstruation.
2. Painful and long menses.
3. Drawing pains in the abdomen, accompanied by frequent bleeding.
4. Bloody discharge for more than three days in the middle of the menstrual cycle.

If such problems arise, you should immediately contact a gynecologist and undergo a comprehensive examination with the appointment of appropriate therapy in the future.

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Women who occasionally have spotting brown spotting in the middle of the cycle should know the reasons for their appearance and what to do in this case.

Etiology of the disease

Only a doctor can determine the exact cause, after a thorough examination of the patient.

There are several reasons why brown discharge may appear in the middle of the menstrual cycle:

1. Ovulation. During the maturation of the egg and when the follicle exits, small spotting may appear. This is a signal from the body that a woman is ready to become pregnant. If a light brown or dark brown daub does not cause discomfort or pain, then there should be no panic, this is the norm.
2. Early conception. When the egg is attached to the wall of the uterus, the endometrium can detach with the appearance of one-time dark-colored spotting. However, after a month, menstruation does not come, and the woman realizes that she is pregnant. If the bearing of the child goes without problems, then during pregnancy such brown discharge should not appear.
3. Tumor in the uterus. Some women are at risk of developing cancer as they age. Ultrasound can confirm or refute the presence of a neoplasm in the uterus, on the basis of which the doctor will be able to make a diagnosis and prescribe treatment. If it is not a cancerous tumor, but a small fibroid and it does not grow, then it is not removed. In this case, bleeding from time to time may appear. It is important to monitor the dynamics and growth of fibroids, systematically examined by an experienced specialist.
4. The presence of endometriosis. Endometriosis is a disease characterized by tissue growth in the uterus. There may be pain in the lower abdomen and in the lumbar region. Colposcopy can help diagnose this disease. Only after a detailed examination and the necessary studies, the doctor can state the disease and prescribe treatment.
5. Erosion of the uterus. In this case, spotting appears due to a hormonal imbalance.
6. Use of vaginal and oral preparations or a special vaginal ring as contraception.

Menstrual cycle

In addition to the above reasons, spotting can smear when the menstrual cycle has not yet fully established, during menopause or breastfeeding. Black discharge or beige discharge can be observed in girls after the first menstruation or in women during menopause, when changes occur in the uterus, the hormonal background of the body is unstable.

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If it smears from several months to six months, this is normal until the body adjusts to a new rhythm. Many doctors say that spotting in the middle of the menstrual cycle is the ability to procreate, and this is completely normal, if not a symptom of the disease.

Symptoms of pathology

When mucous discharge in the middle of the cycle is a sign of an infectious disease or other abnormalities in a woman's health, they are accompanied by the following symptoms:

• pain in the lower abdomen;
• heat;
• nausea, vomiting;
• lethargy, weakness.

When it bleeds profusely and for longer than 2 days, then you need to seek help from a specialist. Prolonged bleeding can be a signal of an exacerbation of uterine disease. In this case, only the doctor who will prescribe the treatment can determine the main cause. Usually in this case, consultation of a gynecologist and an endocrinologist is required. Doctors will determine what treatment should be carried out in each individual case. It is mandatory to pass tests and examinations. If the doctor assumes the presence of an infectious disease, he will prescribe additional studies.

The appearance of red or brown discharge during the period of bearing a child may signal a threat of miscarriage or the beginning of the development of some kind of inflammation. In addition, bloody dark discharge can be a signal of the presence of an ectopic pregnancy. The cause of discharge in the middle of the cycle can be both an irregular sex life and frequent sex. Due to frequent sexual intercourse, microcracks can form in the vagina. They will continue to bleed.

Often, stress, depression, lifting heavy objects can lead to the development of sudden bleeding. Doctors recommend that as soon as unexpected dark discharge appears in the middle of the cycle, observe the condition for a couple of days. If the daub is not accompanied by other negative symptoms and passes quickly, then you should not panic too much. Every woman feels her body and notices when something goes wrong. If you notice alarming symptoms, frequent spotting, then you need to seek help in time. Timely identification of the causes and effective therapy will help to avoid the development of diseases.

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What is the danger

Sometimes bloody discharge from the genitals can be a sign of a dangerous disease, so at the first unexpected discharge, you should consult a doctor. They may be the norm. Under certain conditions, brown discharge in the middle of the cycle is not a pathology.

However, if strong bloody spotting began after intercourse, this cannot be ignored, they can be a sign of a disease of the reproductive system.

The value in this case is the number of discharges and their duration. If spotting goes on for more than 2 days, they are painful and are accompanied by fever, weakness, then you need to urgently seek medical help, because. These are signs of an inflammatory process.

Strong and prolonged spotting can also be a sign of an ectopic pregnancy or a threatened miscarriage. Dark brown discharge in the middle of the cycle is classified as metrorrhagia and intermenstrual bleeding. Metrorrhagia can occur at any age and be a symptom of the following diseases:

1. adnexal tumor;
2. fibroma;
3. malignant uterine tumor;
4. sarcoma;
5. cervical cancer;
6. endometriosis;
7. uterine erosion;
8. endometritis;
9. adenomyosis is not external.

All of the above deviations are dangerous for a woman's health and you should seek help from a doctor. Intermenstrual bleeding can occur for the following reasons:

1. hormonal disorders;
2. genital trauma;
3. use of a spiral for contraception;
4. problems with the thyroid gland;
5. vaginal infection;
6. contraceptives in the form of tablets containing estrogen;
7. a number of gynecological procedures;
8. medicines taken without a doctor's prescription;
9. shock, stress.

Seeing a doctor and correct diagnosis

In addition to the above reasons, bleeding or light brown discharge in the middle of the cycle, as already mentioned, can be a sign of the onset of ovulation - a period when you can plan continuation of the family. It is important to understand that during the period of ovulation, slight discharge is acceptable, blood can only smear a little. Scanty discharge is normal and does not need to be treated.

If the discharge is dark in color - black, brown, then this may be a sign of diseases of the genital organs, polyps on the uterus or exfoliation of the uterine epithelium, due to exposure to estrogen.

Usually, these pathological conditions are accompanied by fever and pain. You can understand the cause of ailments by passing a series of tests and passing special examinations. It was said above that contraceptive tablets can provoke discharge in the middle of the cycle, but it is important to know that such a symptom is possible only in the first 60 days after starting the pill. When brown discharge appears later, you should consult a doctor.

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If the discharge is black, then the possible cause is the oxidation and destruction of whites, if such discharge appears, you should seek help from a specialist. For oncological diseases, brown discharge is characteristic not only in the middle of the cycle, but also at the end. It should be understood that the body of each woman has its own individual characteristics. Based on this, unexpected discharges can be due to various factors. In any case, it is necessary to consult a doctor as soon as unpleasant changes are noticed in the state of health.

You cannot self-diagnose. Any self-medication can lead to health problems, provoke serious problems with conception and even cause death. These risks are not justified, therefore, at the first ailments and unexpected discharge, you should contact a gynecologist.

Bloody discharge in the middle of the cycle is the reason for contacting a gynecologist. Since in the intermenstrual period only mild mucous discharge from the vagina is allowed, protecting the internal genital organs from the penetration of pathogenic microorganisms.

Having studied more than one medical forum, we noticed that most women face this problem. Therefore, in this topic, we want to tell you why there are bleeding in the middle of the cycle, when they are considered normal, and when they are an alarm and should not be ignored.

Intermenstrual spotting: norm or pathology

Scanty brown or dark red spotting in the intermenstrual phase can appear in practically healthy women. When does it happen? Let's consider situations.

• 3-4 days before the onset of menstruation, a woman may experience spotting spotting, which is a sign of approaching menstruation.
• The first 1-2 days after the critical days, small bloody discharge may also be present, as the uterus gets rid of the remaining menstrual blood.
• In women taking oral hormonal contraceptives, on the 14th-15th day of the cycle, slight brown discharge may occur.
• After sex, if a woman has not had an intimate relationship for a long time and the Bartholin glands have not secreted enough mucus, a little blood may be released due to microtraumas of the mucous epithelium of the vagina.
• After the first sexual intercourse, with a rupture of the hymen, the girl may have spotting for some time after intimacy.

In all other cases, the appearance of blood between menstruation is considered a pathology. A symptom of the disease may be a combination of spotting with pain in the lower abdomen, fever, itching in the vagina, soreness during and after sex.

You should also visit a specialist if you are constantly bothered by brown, dark or bloody discharge after sex.

In premenopause, liquid brown spotting bothers women due to hormonal imbalances, which is a natural aging process in the female body. Such bleeding most often occurs against the background of a failure in the timing of ovulation, as a result of which the cycle changes. Most often, bleeding occurs in women after a long delay in menstruation, and can be repeated for several weeks.

In addition to the above, brown or bloody discharge in women who have been in menopause for more than a year may indicate pathology.

The appearance of intermenstrual metrorrhagia (bleeding) is due to both physiological and pathological causes.

The norm is light spotting between periods, without inflammatory symptoms (unpleasant smell, itching, pain in the abdomen, lower back).

Physiological factors include the following:

• an increase in the level of lutein-stimulating hormone (LH) and estrogen, which are responsible for the release of the egg from the ovary. Therefore, discharge of a bloody nature may be a sign of the readiness of the egg for "reproduction";
• too active sexual pleasures, inappropriate posture during intercourse, or too large sexual organ of the partner, as a result of which the cervix and vaginal mucosa are injured. If such discharge is constantly observed after sex, it is necessary to consult a gynecologist, since sometimes this is the first and only manifestation of such pathologies as cervical cancer, vaginal neoplasms, and;
• brown or spotting in the middle of the cycle is a sign of pregnancy. During the attachment of a fertilized egg to the endometrium, some women release a small amount of bloody fluid. Metrorrhagia at other gestation periods is an alarming signal and requires immediate medical attention, as it can be the first sign of miscarriage, premature birth, placental abruption, etc.

Normally, such secretions become noticeable only during washing or other hygiene procedures, that is, they should not smear underwear.

If there is too much intermenstrual discharge of any nature, it is necessary to consult a gynecologist for a comprehensive examination of the body, as this may be the first sign of many diseases of the genitals and not only organs.

Also, the appearance of discharge in the intermenstrual period often indicates the presence of diseases. Let's consider them.

• Inflammation of the endometrium. This pathology is characterized by inflammation of the inner layer of the uterus, which develops due to the penetration of pathogenic microorganisms into the uterus. Infection of the endometrium can occur during medical manipulations on the uterus (curettage, vacuum extraction of the ovum, probing of the uterine cavity, etc.), if they were performed without observing sanitary and epidemiological standards. In addition, endometritis may appear after childbirth. The discharge can be both bloody and purulent in nature with a fetid odor or be with mucus. Also, the patient is concerned about fever, pain in the lower abdomen, general weakness, chills, excessive sweating.
• endometrial polyps. The emergence of polyps is promoted by curettage of the uterine cavity, caesarean section.
• Incorrectly selected doses of hormonal contraceptives. An inadequate dose of hormonal contraceptives can cause hormonal failure in the body, and this, in turn, metrorrhagia.
• Infectious processes in the vagina and cervix. The presence of inflammation inside the vagina and cervix can become an obstacle to the release of menstrual blood, which will continue to flow even during the menstrual period.
• Hormonal disbalance. The menstrual cycle is regulated by sex hormones. Each phase of the cycle is characterized by its own hormone, therefore, with a hormonal failure, menstruation can occur even in the middle of the cycle.
• Endometriosis. This disease is characterized by the appearance of foci of the endometrium in places where it should not be - the cervix, vaginal walls, external genitalia, etc.
• Means of intrauterine contraception (spirals). This contraceptive increases the risk of inflammation of the endometrium, and, accordingly, the appearance of bleeding in the intermenstrual period.
• Benign and malignant neoplasms of the uterine wall(myomas and fibromyomas of the uterus, cancer of the uterus and its cervix).
• Psycho-emotional shock. Severe stress can reflect on the hormonal background of a woman, causing it to fail. In addition, stress can exacerbate chronic diseases of the reproductive system, which will become a provoking factor in intermenstrual bleeding.

Regular examinations by a gynecologist are an effective measure for the prevention of diseases of the female genital organs. Every healthy woman should visit this specialist twice a year.

With regular and prolonged intermenstrual bleeding, the gynecologist will definitely prescribe a series of studies that will help determine the cause of the menstrual cycle.

In the diagnosis of menstrual disorders, the following methods can be used:

• gynecological examination of the vagina and cervix using mirrors;
• colposcopy - examination of the cervix using a special device - a colposcope;
• vaginal smear for microflora;
• smear from the cervix for cytological examination;
• general clinical blood test;
• blood test for sex hormonal panel;
• a blood test for the Wasserman reaction (detection of antibodies to the causative agent of syphilis);
• tissue sampling for histological examination;
• ultrasound examination of the pelvic organs, including transvaginal or transrectal;
• blood test for HIV;
• diagnostic curettage of the uterine cavity with further histological analysis of the material, and others.

Thus, only an experienced specialist, a gynecologist, can correctly determine the cause of intermenstrual bleeding. In this case, we do not recommend engaging in self-diagnosis and self-treatment, since such amateur activity can lead to irreversible health consequences. After all, the choice of treatment method directly depends on the causative factor.

Recall once again that every healthy woman should visit a gynecologist for a preventive examination every six months.

Moderate continuous vaginal discharge helps to cleanse the genital tract, protecting against infections. During the menstrual cycle, they may differ in color and consistency, be with or without an odor, and be accompanied by uncomfortable sensations - pulling pain in the lower abdomen, itching and burning of the external genitalia. Thus, by the symptoms, a woman can learn about her state of health.

Normal discharge on ordinary days (without menstruation) is cloudy, liquid or dense, white, cream or brown. With other painful symptoms, yellow and greenish may indicate an infection in the vagina or tubes. In this case, it is necessary to visit a gynecologist and analyze a smear from the vagina.

Determination of the norm in healthy women

If there are no alarming painful symptoms, then a small amount (approximately one teaspoon per day in volume) of fluid from the vagina should not be frightening.

Fresh discharge usually does not have any foreign smell, however, during the day on the pad, the mucus oxidizes and may have a slightly acidic smell and a yellowish tint, which in itself will not be a symptom of the disease.

Brown discharge in women acquires a special character in some cases (normal):

Brown discharge during the menstrual cycle

Smearing brown discharge before menstruation sometimes disappears or appears a day or two before menstrual blood (mucus with a small admixture of oxidized blood).

If they last more than two days before the onset of bloody, then this may be a sign of a disease of the reproductive system and sufficient reason for examination by a gynecologist and refraining from vaginal sex. Hormonal disorders, infection, blood diseases and endometriosis can be accompanied by brown discharge along with premenstrual pain and prolonged (more than a week) heavy periods.

Abundant brown discharge in the middle of the cycle, lasting more than a day, indicates a lack of progesterone or ovarian dysfunction. In order not to miss the development of infertility, in this case, you need to undergo treatment with a doctor.

Menstruation ends, and the blood begins to clot faster - the discharge brightens, turning from scarlet brown to light cream and white. If there is no unpleasant odor, then this is the norm.

A sharp sour or putrid odor can be caused by bacteria: chlamydia, gardnerella, mycoplasma, ureaplasma, herpes, cytomegalovirus.

Sometimes brown discharge is smeared 4-5 days after menstruation.

In the presence of sexual contacts in this case, it is worth taking a pregnancy test. It can also be a sign of an ectopic pregnancy, which does not interrupt the menstruation, but increases, gives a small amount of clotted blood. A home pregnancy test will turn out to be negative in this case, so the only right decision would be to visit a gynecologist.

The pathological secret of the uterus and vagina may contain non-menstrual blood: from possible microcracks (after sex), during pregnancy (they may warn about its possible breakdown), as a manifestation of bleeding erosion of the cervix. This situation requires an urgent gynecological examination.

If the brown discharge after menstruation is very dark and rather thick, then this may be a sign of uterine pathology, which can only be detected by a doctor using an ultrasound scan.

Brown discharge after sexual intercourse

After intense sex, it can disrupt the integrity of the vaginal mucosa. As a rule, temporary abstinence allows you to completely heal wounds or microcracks, the most important thing is to carefully observe personal hygiene so that the infection does not penetrate through the damaged mucosa. The use of lubricant and caution during sex will help to avoid such troubles.

Brown discharge after sex should not be much, and they can last no more than two days.

After unprotected sex, white discharge in women also increases.

Puberty, breastfeeding, menopause

Until the monthly period is finally established, a small amount of brown discharge may appear in the expected middle of the cycle (with an unstable cycle), for two days before and after menstruation.

This manifestation is considered normal and in the absence of painful symptoms and an unpleasant odor does not require treatment.

The lactation period for each woman is individual. During the entire time of breastfeeding, there may be brown discharge on the 14-16th day of the cycle. This occurs under the influence of hormones responsible for the formation of breast milk, and is also a variant of the norm.

Two years before menopause, brown discharge in the middle of the cycle is considered normal, which becomes less frequent over time. At this age, it is important not to miss the symptoms of serious illnesses, which requires a visit to the gynecologist.

Vaginal discharge after Postinor

After sex without contraceptives, some women take Postinor-type drugs to prevent unwanted pregnancy. These funds immediately cause menstruation, which makes conception impossible.

This method is always effective, but it is dangerous for women's health. In addition to the hormonal shock, an unwanted load is experienced by the internal genital organs - the uterus and vagina. Reception "Postinor" should be rare and take place under medical supervision.

A few days of brown discharge after Postinor is the norm and happens as the end of artificially induced menstruation, until the genitals are completely cleansed. Possible deviations in this situation - the absence of full bloody periods, prolonged (more than 14 days) brown discharge, clots and pain - this is a serious reason to urgently see a doctor. Usually, the reception of "Postinor" establishes a new cycle. Sometimes after taking it, spotting discharge lasts more than a month - it is impossible to diagnose the cause on your own, but you should not panic.

One of the consequences of taking this drug is the stress of the entire reproductive system, which, however, does not reset the cycle, but restarts it. When replacing Postinor with another similar abortive drug, the consequences for the reproductive system will be the same.

Thank you

The site provides reference information for informational purposes only. Diagnosis and treatment of diseases should be carried out under the supervision of a specialist. All drugs have contraindications. Expert advice is required!

Many women consider any discharge from the genitals a sign of some kind of disease, and seek to get rid of them. This is a fundamental misconception. Vaginal discharge just as physiological as the secretion of the salivary and lacrimal glands, gastric juice, etc. Trying to get rid of all these secretions is not only pointless, but also unsafe. In some cases, this also applies to spotting. But their appearance occupies a special place in gynecology- the admixture of blood in the vaginal secretion often serves as a sign of various pathologies. Let's try to understand in more detail what spotting means, and in what cases, when they appear, you need to see a doctor.

Bloody discharge in girls

Secretion from the genital organs is characteristic of the female body at almost any age, with the exception of the period from birth to 9-11 years. Before puberty, girls should not have vaginal discharge. This is due to the structure of the genital organs and the peculiarities of the hormonal profile in this age period. The menstrual function is still absent, the eggs do not mature, the production of female sex hormones is very low, and their effect on the girl's body is minimal. This is the so-called period of physiological rest.

Therefore, the appearance of a vaginal secretion in a girl up to 10-12 years old, and even more so bloody discharge in a newborn, clearly indicates the presence of problems. This may be pathologically early puberty, an infectious lesion, or even a disease of the digestive or urinary tract, which are located nearby.

In any case, the appearance of spotting before puberty is a reason for seeking advice from a pediatric gynecologist.

Bloody discharge in girls

Spotting during this period is called juvenile, or puberty.
Most often, these are uterine bleeding, which are a violation of the menstrual cycle in girls aged 12-18 years. They are also often called dysfunctional - associated with violations of the hormonal function of the ovaries.

Clinical signs
Most often, spotting in girls appears after a delay in the next menstruation for several weeks. They usually last more than a week. In some cases, such juvenile bleeding can be observed for several months, periodically weakening, then intensifying. With such prolonged bleeding, the patient's condition can be quite severe. Intense and prolonged spotting can lead to the development of anemia. This condition requires urgent medical attention.

Treatment of bleeding in girls
Adequate therapy of juvenile bleeding is necessary in order to avoid such severe complications as hemorrhagic shock or anemia.

With a timely visit to the gynecologist and the beginning of treatment, in most cases, spotting disappears, and the menstrual cycle returns to normal. But if bleeding during adolescence remains untreated, then it can turn into bleeding of reproductive age, which can cause infertility and the development of diseases already in an adult woman.

Bloody discharge in women of reproductive age

When can they normally meet?

As a rule, such discharges appear in women about a few days before the onset of menstruation, and gradually develop into more heavy menstrual bleeding. In addition, they can continue for several days after the end of menstruation. Most often, this phenomenon is observed in women who are protected with an intrauterine device. In such cases, if the discharge is not very abundant, then they are considered a physiological norm, and no special treatment is required.

Bloody discharge from the vagina as a sign of pathology

An important factor in determining the danger when such secretions appear is their amount and relationship with the woman's menstrual cycle.

Profuse bleeding
If a woman has abundant spotting that is not related to the physiological menstrual cycle, this is a sign of a serious pathology. Such a patient should be examined by a gynecologist as soon as possible. This symptom is potentially life-threatening for a woman, and the loss of time can result in serious consequences for women's health.

Brown spotting, and in some cases even black, is a consequence of the destruction of blood cells in the uterine cavity. It is necessary to determine the cause of bleeding as soon as possible.

Scanty and spotting
If spotting, not associated with the menstrual cycle, is scarce, then they may indicate the following pathologies:

• menstrual irregularities;
• the presence of endometriosis;
• erosion of the cervix in severe form;
• cervical cancer;
• infectious lesions (with systematic spotting spotting, associated or not associated with the days of the menstrual cycle, and having a fetid odor).

The relationship of bleeding with the menstrual cycle

Bleeding before and after menses
Bloody discharge after menstruation and before them is a fairly common occurrence. In her life, almost every woman at least once noticed unexpected vaginal bleeding.

It should be remembered that scarlet spotting, which gradually becomes more and more abundant, is considered the norm on the first day of menstruation.

Brown dark spotting before menstruation indicates the presence of a pathological process in the uterus: endometriosis, polyp, hyperplasia (growth) of the endometrium, etc. Pink discharge like diluted blood with an unpleasant odor before and after menstruation is a symptom of chronic endometritis or chronic endocervicitis.

Abundant and prolonged spotting after menstruation and before them are most often dysfunctional. They need to be stopped, and then to find out and start treating the causes of their appearance. They arise due to violations of the hormonal function of the ovaries. It is in these organs that the eggs mature cyclically and female sex hormones are produced, which are involved in maintaining the normal menstrual cycle.

The causes of spotting after menstruation and before them can be:

• hormonal disorders in the body with various diseases and stress;
• endocrine pathologies, most often - a small amount of thyroid hormones;
• stopping or starting hormonal contraceptives;
• the use of emergency contraception drugs: Postinor, Ginepriston, etc.;
• certain medications, and starting or stopping estrogen supplements.

Bloody discharge in the middle of the menstrual cycle
Experts say that intermenstrual light bleeding from the vagina is a phenomenon that does not pose a danger. It is caused by hormonal fluctuations associated with the onset of ovulation. Bloody discharge between periods occurs in almost 30% of women.

Normal discharge during ovulation is characterized by the following features:

• small total volume (spotting spotting);
• duration - no more than 72 hours;
• slimy consistency of scarlet, pinkish or brown;
• no need to use feminine hygiene products;
• the examination does not determine other causes of bleeding from the genital organs.

Often, unexpected spotting from the genital tract, even a small amount, can also be a sign of gynecological diseases.

Bleeding between periods usually begins on the 10-16th day, counting from the first day of the last menstruation, that is, from the beginning of the cycle. Normally, they look like poorly visible mucous secretions with streaks of blood, which last from half a day to three days. If, over time, spotting becomes stronger, or does not stop for more than three days, then you should definitely contact a gynecologist.

The doctor must stop the bleeding and prescribe the necessary examinations. But even if such bleeding has stopped on its own, then it is still worth it to undergo an examination by a gynecologist and perform an ultrasound of the pelvic organs. Such a phenomenon can serve as the only symptom of the presence of a latent gynecological disease.

Causes and treatment of spotting in the middle of the cycle
The most common cause of uterine bleeding between periods in a healthy woman is a sudden sharp fluctuation in the level of estrogen in the body. During ovulation, the level of this hormone rises rapidly. And since it affects the lining of the uterus, a similar symptom appears. Bloody discharge during or after ovulation is considered a physiological norm if no signs of other diseases are found during a medical examination. However, they are subject to medical correction. For the treatment and prevention of such hormonal surges, a woman is usually advised to avoid stressful situations and prescribe herbal preparations.

Smearing brown, pink or dark spotting in the middle of the menstrual cycle occurs when:

• the release of the egg from the follicle at the time of ovulation;
• the presence of an intrauterine device;
• taking hormonal contraceptives;
• the use of certain other drugs that affect the menstrual cycle;
• performing gynecological procedures, for example, cauterization or conization of the cervix;
• low functional activity of the thyroid gland;
• polyposis, endometriosis, cervical erosion, chronic inflammation of the uterus (endometritis);
• genital infections (for example, gonorrhea);
• genital injuries;
• fibromas and other tumors of the genital organs.

Bloody discharge during menstruation
Of course, bleeding is an integral part of menstruation. However, in some cases, a change in the consistency of the discharge may be a sign of pathology.

So, if spotting instead of menstruation takes on the character of large clots, this may indicate:

• pathological bend of the cervix;
• violation of blood clotting and a tendency to thrombosis;
• insufficiency of vitamins of group B;
• pathological processes in the uterus (myoma, polyp, endometriosis).

Bloody discharge before menstruation, after them and in the middle of the cycle, require special attention and a thorough examination, which should include:

• consultation with a gynecologist;
• bacteriological and microscopic analysis of secretions;
• Ultrasound of the pelvic organs.

Bloody discharge during pregnancy

Bloody discharge as a sign of pregnancy
Minor bleeding from the genital tract can occur when a fertilized egg (implantation) is introduced into the wall of the uterus. It is associated with microscopic damage to the uterus and possible traumatization of small vessels in it. Such secretions, called implantation ones, are scarce, hardly noticeable and do not pose any threat to health.

Implantation bleeding most often occurs about 7-9 days before the expected start of the next period. Many women, noticing it, believe that this is a harbinger of normal menstruation, and do not consider this symptom as a sign of pregnancy.

Bloody discharge in pregnant women
A woman should be alerted to any spotting (of any duration, in any amount, of any color) that occurs during pregnancy, even if they are not accompanied by pain. The reason for such allocations may be:

• premature detachment of the placenta;
• detachment of the fetal egg;
• improper location of the placenta (previa);
• threatened miscarriage.

Such spotting is often brown in color, and can appear at almost any stage of pregnancy.

Another, but not so dangerous, cause of bleeding during pregnancy is microtrauma and rupture of the vessels of the cervix during its erosion. Only a specialist can accurately determine the true cause of bleeding, therefore, if any such discharge appears, it is necessary to undergo an examination by a gynecologist.

Bleeding during pregnancy is characterized by the fact that it can sharply and unexpectedly intensify, leading to very serious complications and consequences. A danger to the health, and sometimes the life of a pregnant woman, may be the appearance of copious brown, scarlet, pink or dark spotting.

It is urgent to call an ambulance for the following symptoms:

• a sharp decrease in blood pressure;
• weak pulse;
• general weakness;
• pale skin;

With the appearance of such spotting during pregnancy, it is necessary to observe bed rest and complete rest. In addition, gynecologists almost always recommend urgent hospitalization. The health and life of a pregnant woman and her child may depend on this.

Bloody discharge in early pregnancy
In the early stages of pregnancy, the appearance of spotting can mean the threat of spontaneous miscarriage. As a rule, such discharge in the first trimester occurs if the process of rejection of the fetal egg begins. Therefore, in order to prevent abortion and the threat of losing a child, a woman must be hospitalized in the gynecological department as soon as possible. Only specialists in a hospital will be able to carry out all the necessary measures aimed at maintaining pregnancy.

Discharge in late pregnancy
At a later date, spotting may indicate a threat of premature placental abruption, or mean premature onset of labor. In such cases, emergency assistance from gynecologists is necessary.

However, the appearance at 38-40 weeks of spotting brown, not red, in small quantities is not a cause for particular concern. In many women, such discharge occurs as a result of weak bleeding from the vessels that are located on the cervix. However, at the next scheduled visit to a gynecologist, a pregnant woman must tell him about the noticed vaginal discharge.

Bloody discharge during miscarriage

Bloody discharge from the genitals during pregnancy is the most common symptom of a threatened miscarriage. At the same time, pain in the lower back and pulling pain in the lower abdomen can accompany the discharge, or precede their appearance.

It must be remembered that if a woman suddenly had bloody discharge from the vagina, and she was diagnosed with a threatened miscarriage, this does not mean at all that the pregnancy will be terminated in any case. Most women, despite the presence of bloody discharge in the early or late stages, with timely and adequate treatment, successfully endure pregnancy and give birth to healthy children.

Bloody discharge after childbirth

Normal discharge after childbirth (called lochia) is pink and resembles dilute blood or ichor. This is postpartum physiological discharge from the uterus, which includes blood, mucus and torn off non-viable tissues of the decidua of the uterus.

Most often, the duration of the allocation of such lochia is from 3 to 6, occasionally up to 8 weeks after childbirth. A necessary sign of the normal course of this process is the tendency to reduce the amount and clarify the discharge. Lochia in the first week resemble regular periods, only more abundant and sometimes containing blood clots. Every day their number should decrease.

Gradually, the lochia becomes yellowish white due to the increase in mucus, begins to resemble egg white, but may still contain small blood impurities. Around the 4th week after childbirth, only meager, "smearing" discharge should be observed. By the end of 6-8 weeks after childbirth, vaginal discharge should acquire the same character and quantity as before the onset of pregnancy.

Bloody discharge after examination by a gynecologist

The appearance of scanty spotting after a gynecological examination is not uncommon, and should not cause much concern. During the examination, microtrauma of blood vessels and minor damage to the mucous membranes are not excluded. Often such discharge occurs in cases where the doctor uses a mirror when examining, or takes a smear. The smear is taken from the mucous membrane of the vagina, urethra and canal of the uterine neck. Simply put, the cells of the mucous membrane are simply scraped off the wall of the vagina or other organ. It is quite natural that damaged tissue may bleed for some time.

The main thing to remember is that spotting should stop as soon as possible. In any case, it will be useful for a woman to monitor her condition. If the discharge of blood does not stop, or itching, burning or pain joins it, then you should immediately contact a gynecologist, describing all the details.

Bleeding after an abortion

Any abortion is associated with more or less extensive trauma to the vessels of the uterine wall. Therefore, the appearance after an abortion of spotting, different in color and quantity, is almost inevitable.

In about 80% of women after drug exposure, a complete abortion occurs after a week, and spotting completely stops. In 95% of women, a complete abortion occurs by the 14th day after the manipulation. Scanty secretions of a bloody nature after a medical abortion can be observed until the next menstruation.

Menstruation after a medical abortion should begin approximately after such a period, the duration of which for a particular woman is a normal menstrual cycle. In addition, they can normally be delayed up to 10 days. Although in some cases (in about 13% of patients), the first menstruation after a medical abortion may begin only 2 months after the abortion procedure.

Abundant spotting after an abortion is quite rare. This usually serves as an indicator of violations of the blood coagulation system. It must be remembered that after an abortion, uterine bleeding is considered severe if:
1. Two sanitary pads of the largest size are completely soaked with blood within an hour.
2. This goes on for over two hours straight.

In such cases, a woman needs to urgently undergo a second consultation with a gynecologist and do an ultrasound scan. To stop uterine bleeding, your doctor may prescribe additional drugs that shrink the uterus and reduce bleeding.

Regardless of the presence or absence of spotting, a week after the abortion, you must definitely contact the gynecologist again and undergo a control ultrasound.

Bloody discharge after intercourse

Bloody discharge of a brown tint, pink or dark spotting that occurs after intercourse, most often has fairly safe causes that are easily eliminated with a timely visit to a gynecologist. However, it must be remembered that if spotting during or after sex is profuse and accompanied by severe pain, then you need to seek medical help as soon as possible.

Bloody discharge that occurs in women after intercourse is called postcoital bleeding. Consider the main reasons for their appearance.

Mechanical damage
The release of blood after sex from the genitals can be caused by physical impact. Most often, these are injuries that a woman can get in the process of too rough or active sex:

• injuries and ruptures of the walls or fornix of the vagina;
• damage to the mucous membrane of the cervix;
• damage to the eroded cervix.

The likelihood of injury or rupture of the vaginal wall is especially high if the pain and blood appear unexpectedly, right during intercourse, and the bleeding is quite heavy. In such cases, you must immediately call an ambulance, as with any serious injury, accompanied by bleeding.

infectious diseases
Often the cause of spotting after intercourse can be an infectious lesion - chlamydia and other sexually transmitted diseases. Another symptom of an infectious pathology of the reproductive system is the addition of a fetid odor to the secretions.

Inflammatory lesions
Bloody discharge after and during sex can occur due to inflammatory diseases of the female genital organs. Most often, bleeding after sex occurs with cervicitis (inflammation of the cervix) or vaginitis (inflammation of the vagina). In both cases, bleeding from the genitals of a woman occurs not only after sex. Sexual intercourse in this situation is only a stimulating factor.

Polyps and cervical erosion
A common cause of spotting after sex is polyps and erosion of the cervix. Such secretions, as a rule, are very transient, disappear in just a few hours, but resume again at the next sexual contact. To get rid of this symptom, you need to contact a gynecologist and undergo a course of treatment for cervical erosion. But polyps, which can cause the development of malignant tumors in the future, must be removed.

The use of drugs
Bleeding after intercourse may be due to taking certain medications that reduce blood clotting (such as aspirin) and birth control. Taking such drugs is associated with the risk of developing hypoplasia (reducing the thickness) of the uterine mucosa, which can lead to trauma.

The cause of spotting can also be errors in taking contraceptives. Skipping the next dose of these drugs, or using them late, can provoke bleeding after sex. In such cases, the gynecologist may advise changing the drug that caused the adverse reaction, or temporarily stop it if the bleeding was caused by errors in its use.

Other pathologies
In rare cases, the cause of spotting after sex can be pathological changes in the cells of the cervix (dysplasia), certain blood diseases and uterine cancer. The presence of such pathologies is determined by laboratory analysis of the vaginal discharge, and other examinations.

Bleeding while using contraceptives

Brown spotting in the first two months after the start of taking hormonal contraceptives is considered a variant of the norm. During the use of medications such as Regulon, Yarina, Jess, spotting can appear in any phase of the menstrual cycle, which is associated with the suppression of ovulation. After the use of postcoital hormonal contraceptives, such as Postinor, spotting can also occur due to sudden changes in the hormonal balance of the body.

It should be remembered that if spotting does not stop in the third and fourth months of continuous use of the drug, the woman should consult a gynecologist. Most likely, this oral contraceptive simply does not suit her, and it needs to be replaced.

Bloody discharge during menopause

Bleeding during menopause (even the smallest spotting) is a symptom of diseases, and sometimes quite serious, up to uterine cancer. Therefore, in no case should such a situation be ignored.

Many women are quite hard to endure menopause. Signs of its pathological course are:

• strong and frequent hot flashes;
• violations of metabolic processes in the body;
• increased blood pressure;
• the appearance of psychological disorders;
• periodic bleeding from the genitals.

The widespread belief that any symptoms are possible during menopause leads many women to ignore bleeding that should not be normal. They occur quite often - according to statistics, more than half of patients over 45 years old turn to a gynecologist because of bleeding during menopause.

Causes and treatment of bleeding in menopause
Symptoms of pathological menopause are primarily due to hormonal changes in the female body, that is, they are dysfunctional. But we must not forget that in some cases, bleeding indicates the presence of tumor neoplasms of a benign (polyps and fibroids) or malignant nature.

Bloody discharge can occur if a woman after menopause uses hormone replacement therapy. In this case, taking progesterone can stimulate the recovery of light menstrual bleeding. They can be observed within 1-2 years, usually pass painlessly and easily, lasting no more than 3-4 days. This is the only type of spotting in menopause that does not require immediate interruption of the course and treatment. But if a woman takes progesterone, and menstrual bleeding starts at the wrong time, lasts longer than expected, is very plentiful or contains blood clots, then you should definitely consult a gynecologist.

It is necessary to distinguish between two types of bleeding in menopause:
1. Bleeding during menopause.
2. Bleeding during the postmenopausal period.

Bloody discharge in premenopause
Bleeding during premenopause is usually caused by a violation of the production of sex hormones in women aged 45-50 years, up to the complete cessation of menstruation. Their cause is violations of the timing of ovulation, which lead to the failure of cyclic changes in the thickness of the uterine mucosa.

Usually, menopausal bleeding in premenopause appears after a delay in menstruation, and sometimes they begin on the day of the expected menstruation, or even a little earlier. Such spotting can have a different intensity, and be observed for several weeks, or even months. They are characterized by relapses that sometimes occur within 4-5 years.

Especially often, spotting during menopause is observed in women suffering from metabolic disorders and various endocrine diseases. Therefore, the appearance of the first signs of menopausal bleeding is a reason for a mandatory examination in order to identify violations of the functions of the thyroid and pancreas, liver, fat and carbohydrate metabolism.

Bloody discharge in postmenopausal women
Any spotting in the postmenopausal period, that is, after the complete cessation of menstruation, should always be considered as a threatening symptom. Such bleeding is a sign of tumors, including malignant ones. In such cases, diagnostic curettage is almost always performed, affecting the mucous membrane of the body of the uterus and the canal of its neck, as well as the subsequent histological examination of the scraping.

Diagnosis and treatment of bleeding

Which doctor should I contact with bloody discharge from the genital tract?

With the appearance of spotting of various nature and quantity in women and girls of any age, you should contact gynecologist (make an appointment). If we are talking about teenagers or girls under 10 years old, then you should contact a pediatric gynecologist.

Despite the fact that bloody discharge from the vagina can be evidence not only of diseases of the female genital area, but also a symptom of a disorder of the blood coagulation system, you still need to contact a gynecologist when they appear, since coagulopathy (blood clotting disorders) are much less common than gynecological pathology . This means that the doctor will examine the woman and, if necessary, refer her to hematologist (make an appointment).

In addition, every woman and girl should know that the discharge of blood from the genital tract in some cases is a sign of an emergency, the essence of which is that some kind of catastrophe occurs in the body and immediate medical attention is required to save a life. If signs of such a dangerous condition appear, you should immediately call an ambulance and be hospitalized in a hospital so that doctors can provide the assistance necessary to save a life.

So, urgently call an ambulance and be hospitalized in a hospital if during or after intercourse in the abdomen or vagina there is severe pain and heavy bleeding begins. In this situation, urgent help is needed due to the fact that during sexual intercourse an injury occurred to the organs and tears and traumatic injuries must be sutured so that the woman does not die from blood loss.

In addition, it is imperative to call an ambulance and be hospitalized for pregnant women at any gestational age if they have bloody discharge from the vagina. Any discharge of blood from the vagina during pregnancy should be considered dangerous. Although theoretically bleeding from the vagina during pregnancy can be harmless, due, for example, to cervical erosion, it is difficult to distinguish them from dangerous ones. Moreover, at the beginning, spotting may have signs of benign, but this is deceptive, since at any moment they can intensify, take on their true nature and become very dangerous (for example, with an ectopic pregnancy, miscarriage, placental abruption, etc.) .

In addition, bloody discharge from the vagina in women and girls of any age should be considered dangerous if it increases or does not decrease with time, possibly combined with severe pain in the lower abdomen (right, left, in the middle or everywhere) or lower back, high body temperature, a strong and rapid deterioration in well-being after the onset of spotting, blanching, decreased pressure, increased heart rate, profuse sweating, possibly fainting. Remember that with a dangerous discharge of blood from the vagina, the woman's condition quickly and sharply worsens so much that she literally cannot stand and sit, and almost faints.

Treatment of bleeding from the genital organs in women of any age has several goals:
1. Stop heavy bleeding as soon as possible and replenish blood loss.
2. Eliminate the cause that caused the bleeding.
3. Compensation for the consequences of blood loss (for example, anemia).

Examination for bleeding
Before prescribing treatment, the gynecologist conducts an examination to establish the true cause of bleeding.

The program of examinations, as a rule, includes:

• a detailed survey of the patient, on the basis of which the doctor draws conclusions about her psychological state, hereditary diseases in the family, etc.;
• visual examination of the vagina with the help of mirrors;
• laboratory examination of vaginal smears;
• examination of the tissues of the cervix using colposcopy or biopsy;
• ultrasound examination of the pelvic organs;
• in certain cases - diagnostic curettage of the uterine cavity, followed by microscopic examination of endometrial tissues;
• determining the level of hormones;
• general blood analysis .

What tests and examinations can a doctor prescribe for bloody discharge from the vagina?

Bloody discharge from the vagina can be provoked by various diseases and conditions, for the diagnosis of which different methods are used. The choice of a diagnostic method in each case of bleeding from the vagina is carried out by the doctor individually, depending on the accompanying symptoms, due to which it is possible to presuppose the disease that caused bleeding or spotting. Below we will consider what tests and examinations a doctor can prescribe for bleeding from the vagina with various concomitant symptoms, and we will only touch on those situations where there is no need to urgently call an ambulance.

Dark spotting from the vagina (brown, brownish, maroon, dark red, etc.) in large or small amounts, appearing outside of menstruation or before menstruation, makes the doctor suspect a pathological process in the uterus (for example, endometrial or cervical polyps channel, endometrial hyperplasia, endometriosis, etc.). In such a situation, the doctor prescribes the following tests and examinations:

• Bimanual gynecological examination;
• Inspection of the genital tract in the mirrors;
• Vaginal smear for flora (make an appointment);
• Hysteroscopy (make an appointment);
• Ultrasound of the pelvic organs (make an appointment);
• Separate diagnostic curettage (sign up);
• Magnetic resonance imaging (make an appointment);
• General blood analysis;
• General urine analysis ;
• Blood chemistry;
• Coagulogram (sign up);
• Blood test for luteinizing hormone;
• A blood test for follicle-stimulating hormone;
• Blood test for testosterone.

First of all, a bimanual two-handed examination and examination of the genital tract in the mirrors is always carried out. A swab is also taken for the flora, an ultrasound scan of the pelvic organs is prescribed, since it is these examination methods that make it possible to diagnose the disease or narrow the diagnostic search. To assess the general condition of the body, general blood and urine tests, a biochemical blood test and a coagulogram (assessment of the blood coagulation system) are also prescribed. Further, if, according to the results of ultrasound and examination, a disease is detected (for example, a cervical polyp, uterine fibroids, endometriosis, etc.), the doctor prescribes hysteroscopy or magnetic resonance imaging to clarify the data on the localization of the pathological focus and assess the condition of the tissues. If, according to the results of ultrasound, endometrial hyperplasia is detected, the doctor prescribes a separate diagnostic curettage. If the examination revealed endometriosis, then in addition, the doctor may prescribe blood tests to determine the concentration of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone in a woman.

If the examinations did not reveal any diseases, and there are spotting, the doctor prescribes tests for genital infections ( chlamydia (sign up), mycoplasmosis (sign up), ureaplasmosis (sign up), trichomoniasis, candidiasis, gardnerellosis, gonorrhea (sign up), syphilis (sign up)).

If a woman systematically has spotting spotting that emits an unpleasant or fetid odor, and they can be observed on any days of the menstrual cycle, the doctor suspects an infectious and inflammatory process in the genital organs and prescribes tests for genital infections (chlamydia, mycoplasmosis, ureaplasmosis, trichomoniasis, candidiasis , gardnerellosis, gonorrhea, syphilis), as well as ultrasound of the pelvic organs. For analysis for sexual infections (sign up) you can donate blood, vaginal discharge and urethra. As a rule, the doctor recommends to the woman which tests she needs, and which biological material should be taken for this.

If periodically pinkish discharge appears before menstruation, resembling diluted blood and emitting an unpleasant odor, endometritis or endocervicitis is suspected. In this case, the doctor prescribes the following tests and examinations:

• Gynecological examination (make an appointment);
• General blood analysis;
• smear on flora;
• Bacteriological culture of the vaginal discharge;
• Ultrasound of the pelvic organs;
• Hysteroscopy;
• Separate diagnostic curettage with histological examination of the material;
• Extended colposcopy (make an appointment);
• Cervical smear for cytology (make an appointment);
• Bacteriological culture of a smear from the cervical canal;
• Blood tests or vaginal discharge for sexual infections (chlamydia, mycoplasmosis, ureaplasmosis, trichomoniasis, candidiasis, gardnerellosis, gonorrhea, syphilis) by ELISA methods, PCR (sign up) and etc.;
• Biopsy of the cervix.

First of all, the doctor conducts a gynecological examination, prescribes a general blood test, a smear on the flora, sowing of the vaginal discharge and ultrasound of the pelvic organs, since it is these examinations that make it possible to understand whether a woman suffers from endocervicitis or endometritis. Further, other examinations are prescribed already in order to clarify the parameters of the pathological process and find out the causes of the disease. So, with identified endometritis, a separate diagnostic curettage is performed with or without hysteroscopy. Hysteroscopy allows you to see the endometrium inside the uterus and assess its condition, and curettage makes it possible only to get the result of its histology and understand whether there is only inflammation, or whether we are talking about precancerous conditions or even cancer. From the point of view of cancer alertness, doctors prefer to carry out curettage followed by a histological examination of the material, and hysteroscopy is performed only in some cases.

If endocervicitis has been detected, then, first of all, an extended colposcopy is prescribed and performed and a smear is taken for cytology to determine whether there is a cancerous degeneration of cells. Next, a blood or vaginal discharge test is prescribed for sexual infections and bacteriological sowing of a smear from the cervical canal in order to determine the microbe that has become the causative agent of the infectious process. If, according to the results of cytology, the presence of tumor cells is revealed, then biopsy (make an appointment) cervix for early detection of cancer.

Scanty and spotting spotting of any nature (pink, red, brownish, etc.) in various parts of the menstrual cycle (in the middle, before menstruation, after menstruation) makes us suspect menstrual irregularities, endometriosis, polyps, endometritis, fibroids, genital infections , genital trauma, cervical erosion, cervical cancer. In such a situation, the doctor first of all prescribes a gynecological examination, examination in the mirrors, a smear on the flora and ultrasound of the pelvic organs, since these simple examinations reveal a number of additional signs that can be used to accurately diagnose an existing disease and then conduct other additional studies to confirmation of the diagnostic guess.

So, if as a result of the examination, damage to the genital organs is revealed, the doctor eliminates it - sutures the tears, removes foreign objects, treats the mucous membrane with an antiseptic, etc. In such a situation, other examinations are not prescribed, since they are not needed. If, during the examination and ultrasound, an erosion or an incomprehensible formation on the cervix was detected, the doctor prescribes a colposcopy, a smear for cytology, or immediately takes a biopsy of the affected area to understand if there is erosion or if it is a precancer or cancer.

If, according to the results of ultrasound, endometriosis is detected, tomography is prescribed to clarify the localization of ectopic foci and blood tests for hormones - testosterone, luteinizing and follicle-stimulating. If the examination and ultrasound reveal polyps or a tumor (myoma, etc.), hysteroscopy is additionally prescribed. If the examination and ultrasound revealed endometritis, a separate diagnostic curettage is additionally assigned. If ultrasound and examination revealed signs of genital infections, then a blood test or vaginal discharge for inflammatory pathogens (chlamydia, mycoplasmosis, ureaplasmosis, trichomoniasis, candidiasis, gardnerellosis, gonorrhea, syphilis) is prescribed. And when the results of ultrasound and examination did not reveal any pathology, the doctor prescribes blood test for thyroid hormones (make an appointment), since in such a situation, most likely, scanty spotting is due to a violation of the work of this particular organ.

When large blood clots appear in a woman during menstruation, this suggests a bending of the cervix, a pathology of blood clotting, a deficiency of B vitamins, endometriosis, or neoplasms in the uterus (polyps, fibroids). In such a situation, the doctor, first of all, performs a gynecological examination and examination in the mirrors, prescribes an ultrasound of the pelvic organs, a general blood test, a coagulogram (APTT, PTI, TV, fibrinogen, clot retraction, etc.). If the results of the coagulogram reveal a pathology, the woman is referred to a hematologist. If the results Ultrasound (make an appointment) and inspection revealed a bend of the cervix - prescribe therapy. If ultrasound and examination revealed endometriosis, tomography is prescribed, blood tests for hormones - testosterone, luteinizing and follicle-stimulating. If ultrasound and examination revealed polyps or fibroids, hysteroscopy is prescribed.

If a girl or woman develops heavy and prolonged dysfunctional bleeding before or after menstruation, hormonal imbalance is suspected, in which case the doctor prescribes the following tests to understand why the ovaries do not function normally and do not produce the necessary amount of hormones to maintain the correct menstrual cycle:

• Blood test for the level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH, thyrotropin);
• Blood test for the level of triiodothyronine (T3);
• Blood test for thyroxine level (T4);
• Blood test for the level of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH);
• Blood test for luteinizing hormone (LH) levels;
• Blood test for prolactin level (sign up);
• Blood test for estradiol levels;
• Blood test for testosterone levels.

If a woman has spotting after intercourse, then STIs, cervicitis, vaginitis, polyps and cervical erosion are suspected, and in this case, the doctor prescribes, first of all, an examination in the mirrors, a bimanual examination, taking a smear for flora, taking a smear from cervix for cytology and ultrasound of the pelvic organs. Further appointments are based on the data of these primary surveys. So, if as a result of the examination cervical erosion is revealed, then a colposcopy is prescribed and performed. When polyps are detected, treatment is carried out (they are removed). If cervicitis is detected, then colposcopy is also performed and tests for genital infections are prescribed to understand which pathogen provoked the inflammatory process. If, according to the results of the examination and a smear on the flora, an inflammatory process is detected, then tests for STIs are also prescribed. After the result of a smear for cytology from the cervix comes, the doctor decides whether to take a biopsy. So, if cytology did not reveal atypical (tumor) cells, then the biopsy is not taken, but if any are found, then a cervical biopsy is prescribed, which is necessary to understand whether there is a malignant tumor, or whether atypical cells are an accidental finding.

If, after an abortion, a woman has heavy uterine bleeding, then the doctor, first of all, performs an ultrasound scan to make sure there are no residues in the uterus. If any are found, scraping is carried out. If none are found, then a coagulogram is prescribed, and the woman is referred to a hematologist, since bleeding is considered to be caused by a pathology of blood coagulation.

If profuse bleeding develops in a woman in menopause, then a separate diagnostic curettage with a histological examination of the material is necessarily prescribed, since such a situation is often a sign of tumors or precancerous background diseases.

If spotting appears in a girl under 12 years old, the doctor prescribes a full range of diagnostic manipulations - ultrasound of the pelvic organs, tests for genital infections, tests for hormones (cortisol, triiodothyronine, thyroxine, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, prolactin, estradiol, testosterone). In addition, to exclude kidney disease, a general urinalysis is prescribed, and to exclude the pathology of the digestive tract, a biochemical blood test and Ultrasound of the abdominal organs (make an appointment).

Treatment of spotting

Conservative Methods:
1. Most often, the basis of the therapeutic program is hormonal therapy. Such treatment courses are usually prescribed for up to 3 months. After its completion, a break is made in the treatment, during which the gynecologist evaluates its results.
2. In addition to hormonal agents, symptomatic treatment is also used - hemostatic drugs and drugs that enhance the contractile activity of the uterus.
3. General strengthening therapy, which helps to restore the female body as a whole.
4. Also, experts recommend avoiding physical and psychological stressful situations.

The selection of the optimal treatment regimen for spotting occurs individually. It should also be remembered that the treatment will last from 3-4 weeks to six months or more, depending on the cause of the violations. In order to restore the normal functioning of the female reproductive system, it may take several months.

Operational Methods
Surgical methods are also used to treat severe bleeding. For example, in patients who are in menopausal age, curettage of the uterus is the main diagnostic method. And with juvenile bleeding in adolescent girls, such a procedure is carried out exclusively for health reasons. After the application of surgical methods, treatment is prescribed aimed at preventing the recurrence of discharge.

Conclusion

Treatment of bloody discharge from the genital tract should only be carried out by a gynecologist. Self-medication is absolutely unacceptable even if a woman is sure that she knows the true cause of bleeding. Misdiagnosis