Motherwort heart, its action and use in various diseases. Motherwort heart (five-lobed) leonurus cardiaca l. properties, application, from what diseases Motherwort five-lobed heart

Pharmacotherapeutic group. Sedative.

plant description

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Rice. 8.2. Five-lobed motherwort - Leonurus quinquelobatus Gilib

motherwort herb— herba leonuri
(p. ordinary) - Leonurus cardiaca L.
Motherwort five-lobed(p. hairy) -Leonurus quinquelobatus Gilib. (= L. villosus Desf. ex Spreng.)
Sem. labiales– Lamiaceae (Labiatae)
Other names: core, dog nettle, heart grass

Fairly large perennial herbaceous plants height from 30 to 150 cm, with a tetrahedral, pubescent, branched stem (Fig. 8.2).
Leaves opposite, petiolate, dark green, gradually decreasing towards the top of the stem; the lower ones are ovoid or almost round in outline, palmately divided or palmately dissected into 5-7 coarsely toothed segments, the upper ones (in the inflorescence) are three-lobed or entire.
flowers small, collected in false whorls, located in the axils of the upper leaves and forming spike-shaped thyrses at the ends of stems or branches.
Corolla two-lipped, with a three-lobed lower lip, pink, up to 1.2 cm long.
Cup tubular-campanulate, with 5 subulate teeth, of which 2 lower ones are bent outward.
Fetus- coenobium, remaining in the calyx and consisting of four nut-shaped lobes (erems). blooms from June to autumn.

Rice. 8.2. Motherwort heart - Leonurus cardiaca L.

At motherwort heart the stem outside the inflorescence is pubescent only along the ribs and the calyx is almost naked, and
at the five-lobed motherwort the stem is densely and softly pubescent along its entire length and the calyx is hairy.

The chemical composition of motherwort

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Motherwort grass contains

• flavonoid glycosides -
  • routine,
  • quinqueloside,
  • kosmosiin,
  • quercitrin,
  • hyperoside,
  • quercimerythrin,
• tannins (up to 2.5%),
• iridoids (Ayugol, Ayugozide and Galiridoside),
• bitter glycosides with a steroid skeleton and
• nitrogenous bases (choline, stakhidrin).

Properties and uses of motherwort

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Pharmacological properties of motherwort

Motherwort preparations have

• sedative properties,
• lower blood pressure,
• slow down the heart rate.

Have a beneficial effect on

• carbohydrate and fat metabolism,
• normalize protein metabolism.

The use of motherwort

motherwort herb is an old folk remedy. Motherwort was studied at the Department of Pharmacology of the Tomsk Medical Institute prof. N.V. Vershinin. Drugs by the nature of action are close to drugs of valerian officinalis.

Motherwort preparations are used as a sedative for

• increased nervous excitability,
• cardiovascular neuroses,
• hypertension,
• coronary heart disease,
• thyrotoxicosis,
• insomnia
• vegetative-vascular dystonia,
• neuroses.

It is also assigned at

• neurosis of the gastrointestinal tract,
• flatulence,
• spastic pains.

Spreading

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Spreading. Both species are found almost throughout the European part of the country (much less frequently in the north). Motherwort five-lobed also grows in the south of Western Siberia.

Habitat. On wastelands (hence the name of the plant), in ravines, along roads, in yards. Sometimes they form thickets on the site of former buildings. Motherworts are cultivated as a perennial crop in many specialized farms of medicinal plants. Possible culture in home gardens.

External signs of raw materials

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Whole Raw Material

Grass hand harvest: upper parts of stems up to 40 cm long with flowers and leaves.
Stem tetrahedral, hollow, up to 0.5 cm thick.
Leaves opposite, lower three-five-lobed or separate, in inflorescences three-lobed or lanceolate, serrated or entire, with a wedge-shaped base, up to 14 cm long, up to 10 cm wide.
inflorescences spike-shaped, interrupted; flowers and buds are collected in whorls of 10-18 (20) in the leaf axils.
Cup tubular-campanulate with five subulate-pointed teeth, conical, prickly.
Corolla up to 0.12 cm long, two-lipped, longer than the calyx, the upper lip is entire, the lower one is three-lobed; stamens 4; upper ovary.
stems, leaves, cups of flowers are pubescent with hairs.
Color the stems are grayish green, the leaves are dark green, the sepals are green, the corollas are dirty pink or pinkish purple.
Smell weak. Taste bitter.

Grass mechanized harvesting: pieces of stems, leaves and inflorescences.
Stem often longitudinally split, up to 20 cm long, up to 0.5 cm thick. Morphological features of raw materials, color, smell and taste similar to those of hand-harvested grasses.

Crushed raw materials

Pieces of stems, leaves and inflorescences passing through a 7 mm sieve.
Color grayish green. Smell weak. Taste bitter.

Powder

Pieces of stems, peduncles and flowers passing through a sieve with holes with a diameter of 2 mm.
Color from grayish green to brownish green with numerous whitish, yellowish white, grayish white, pink-violet patches.
Smell weak. Taste bitter.

Distinctive features of different types of motherwort

species name	Diagnostic features
Gray motherwort -Leonurus glaucescens Bunge	The plant is about 100 cm high, bluish from short pressed hairs. The inflorescence is long, the lower whorls are spaced, the calyx is narrowly conical, the corolla is light pink, the lower lip is entire. Grows throughout Russia.
Motherwort Tatar - Leonurus tataricus L.	The plant is 50-100 cm high. It is pubescent only in the upper part of the stem with long hairs. The calyx is wide. Corolla pinkish-purple with entire lower lip. Grows in Western and Eastern Siberia.
Siberian motherwort - Leonurus sibiricus L.	The plant is 30-60 cm high. It is pubescent with long hairs. The calyx is correct, bell-shaped. Corolla pink with a helmet-shaped upper lip. Grows in Western and Eastern Siberia.

All three species differ from the medicinal species of motherwort by a deeper dissection of the stem leaves into narrow lobes.

It is also not allowed to harvest the black hornwort - Ballota nigra L., which grows in the same places as the motherwort. Its stems are short-pubescent, the hairs are directed downwards. The leaves are entire, rounded-ovate or ovate-lanceolate, petioles are short, corollas of flowers are dirty pink.

Microscopy of raw materials

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When looking at a sheet from the surface, epidermal cells with thin, winding side walls are visible on both sides, especially on the underside.

stomata numerous, located mainly on the lower epidermis, surrounded by 3-4 (occasionally 2) parotid cells (anomocytic type).
essential oil glands on a short stalk with 4-6 (rarely 8) excretory cells.

Rice. 8.3. Microscopy of motherwort leaf

Two types of hairs: numerous multicellular rough-warty, expanded in the places of articulation of cells; small capitate hairs on a one- or two-celled short stalk with a rounded head, consisting of 1-2 cells (Fig. 8.3).

Rice. 8.3. Microscopy of motherwort leaf:

A - epidermis of the lower side of the leaf;

B - hairs along the edge of the sheet;

B - epidermis of the upper side of the leaf:
1 - capitate hair;
2 - piece of iron;
3 - simple hair;
4 - the place of attachment of the hair.

Procurement and storage of raw materials

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blank. Collect the grass in the phase of budding and the beginning of flowering, before the flowering of the lower flower whorls begins (in June - August). Cut off with knives, sickles or secateurs the upper parts of the shoots up to 40 cm long and the stem thickness not more than 0.5 cm.

Security measures. Plants cannot be uprooted. Compliance with the harvesting rules allows the use of thickets for 3-5 years in a row, after which it is necessary to give them a "rest" for 1-2 years.

Drying. Dry in sheds, attics or under sheds, spreading out in a thin layer up to 10 cm and stirring occasionally. Thermal drying is carried out at temperatures up to 50-60 ºС.

Standardization. GF XI, no. 2, Art. 54, Changes No. 1-5.

Storage. In a dry, cool, dark, ventilated area. In pharmacies - in boxes, in warehouses - in bales. Shelf life up to 3 years.

Numerical indicators of raw materials

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Whole Raw Material

Extractive substances extracted with 70% alcohol, not less than 15%; humidity not more than 13%; total ash no more than 12%; ash, insoluble in 10% hydrochloric acid solution, not more than 6%; blackened, brown and yellowed parts of the plant - no more than 7%; stems, including those separated during the analysis, not more than 46%; organic impurities not more than 3%; mineral impurity no more than 1%.

Crushed raw materials

Extractive substances extracted with 70% alcohol, not less than 15%; humidity not more than 13%; total ash no more than 12%; ash, insoluble in 10% hydrochloric acid solution, not more than 6%; blackened, brown and yellowed parts of the plant - no more than 7%; pieces of stems no more than 46%; particles that do not pass through a sieve with holes with a diameter of 7 mm, no more than 17%; particles passing through a sieve with holes of 0.5 mm, not more than 16%; organic impurities not more than 3%; mineral impurity no more than 1%.

Powder

Extractive substances extracted with 70% alcohol, not less than 15%; humidity not more than 13%; total ash no more than 12%; ash, insoluble in 10% hydrochloric acid solution, not more than 6%; particles that do not pass through a sieve with holes with a diameter of 2 mm, not more than 10%; particles passing through a sieve with holes of 0.18 mm, not more than 15%; mineral impurity not more than 1%

Medicines based on motherwort

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1. Motherwort herb, crushed raw materials. Sedative.
2. As part of the collections (sedatives No. 2-3; hypoglycemic collection "Mirfazin"; collection for the preparation of a mixture according to the prescription of M.N. Zdrenko).
3. Motherwort tincture (tincture (1:5) in 70% ethyl alcohol). Sedative.
4. Motherwort extract liquid. Sedative.
5. Dry motherwort extract, tablets of 0.014 g. Sedative.

Motherwort is a perennial herbaceous plant of the Lamiaceae family. It occurs almost throughout the European part of Russia, the Urals, Siberia and Central Asia. It grows along roads, on slopes, wastelands, cliffs, as well as in vegetable gardens, orchards and near housing. Plants are used for medicinal purposes.

Chemical composition

The following substances were found in motherwort herb:

• Alkaloids (up to 0.4%): stachidrine and leonurine;
• Flavonoids: rutin, cosmosiin, quercetin, isoquercetin, quercetin-7-glucoside, hyperoside, quinqueloside;
• Iridoids: ayugol, ayugozide, 8-acetyl-harpagide, galiridoside, harpagid;
• Saponins;
• Choline;
• Steroid glycosides;
• Diterpenoids;
• Tannins (up to 2.5%);
• Essential oil (up to 0.9%), which includes linalool, limonene, α- and β-pinene, α-humulene and caryophyllene;
• paracoumaric acid;
• caffeic acid glycoside;
• resins;
• coloring matter;
• Marubin bitterness;
• Carotene;
• Vitamin C;
• Macro- and microelements.

Beneficial features

Motherwort herb has the following beneficial properties: sedative (calming), anticonvulsant, antispasmodic, hemostatic, cardiotonic, anti-atherosclerotic, hypotensive, immunostimulating, choleretic, digestive, antimicrobial, laxative, antitumor, fungicidal, antioxidant.

Indications for use

Motherwort preparations are used for increased nervous excitability, sleep disorders, cardiovascular neuroses, hysteria, hypersthenic neurasthenia, epilepsy, neurocirculatory dystonia, after influenza and other infectious diseases, with myocarditis and myocardial dystrophy, angina pectoris, cardiosclerosis, heart defects, in the early stages hypertension, climacteric syndrome, algomenorrhea and Graves' disease.

In dermatology, motherwort preparations are used for skin itching, neurodermatitis, lichen planus, eczema and psoriasis as a sedative, as well as for microbial and childhood eczema with impaired function of the nervous system.

Motherwort herb is a part of sedative preparations.

Contraindications

Plant-based preparations are contraindicated during pregnancy and after an abortion, as well as with increased individual sensitivity to the components.

Motherwort is not used in patients with erosive gastritis and gastric ulcer, bradycardia and arterial hypotension.

With thrombophlebitis and thrombosis, treatment should be carried out strictly under the supervision of a physician.

Since motherwort causes drowsiness, it should not be used by people whose work is associated with increased concentration.

Home remedies from motherwort

• Motherwort herb infusion: 3 tbsp. l. (15 g) of dry herb plants pour 1 cup of boiling water (it is recommended to use purified or melted water) and leave for 1-2 hours. Take before meals 1 tbsp. l. up to 4 times a day for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, in the early stages of hypertension, with nervous excitability and cardiovascular neuroses;
• Alcohol tincture of motherwort: pour 20 g of crushed raw materials of the plant with 100 ml of 70% alcohol, leave for 7-14 days. Apply 30-40 drops 3-4 times a day with an accelerated heartbeat, neuroses, shortness of breath, cardiomyopathy and early stages of hypertension;
• Soothing tea: mix 1 tbsp. l. motherwort, St. John's wort, yarrow, peppermint leaves and chamomile flowers. Brew 1 tbsp. l. of the resulting mixture as an infusion, take it warm 30 minutes before meals, ½ cup 2-3 times a day.

The healing properties and contraindications of motherwort are well known to people who are far from medicine. Everyone knows that this is an effective remedy for "nerves" and insomnia. However, the herb has a number of other beneficial properties. It is actively used as a cardiotonic, tonic, antispasmodic, anticonvulsant, diuretic. Motherwort takes pride of place in the State Pharmacopoeia of Russia, belongs to the group of sedative, antihypertensive drugs.

Motherwort Features

Where does the motherwort grow and what does it look like? What are the medicinal properties of motherwort herb and contraindications? How to prepare this medicinal plant? What side effects can it give?

Motherwort five-lobed (hairy). Motherwort heart (common). Motherwort is gray.

Kinds

What does a motherwort plant look like? There are about 25 species of this perennial herbaceous plant. Of these, only three species are used for medicinal purposes. According to the morphological structure and useful properties, these species are similar to each other.

Most often in pharmacology, motherwort is used five-lobed and hearty, and gray is better known in traditional medicine. Both the five-lobed and the heart motherwort bloom all summer, and the gray one only in June-July.

area

All three species belong to ruderal (weed) plants. Able to quickly capture free resource territories, form thickets. They like to grow near roads and dwellings, in gardens, weedy places, sparse forests, in wastelands, in beams, ravines, on cliffs and slopes, abandoned quarries and railway embankments, pastures and pastures, and can rarely be found along river banks. The grass loves sandy, clay soils enriched with nitrogen. It is ubiquitous in Central and Eastern Europe, Belarus, Ukraine, Central Asia, Western and Eastern Siberia, China, Mongolia, and the Caucasus. As an adventitious plant, it has taken root well in North America. The range of the gray motherwort is somewhat limited, more often it can be seen in the European part of Russia, in the southern regions.

Collection and preparation

• Time and method of collection. It is best to collect grass during the full bloom period, when the flower petals are fully opened. Most often this happens in July. Lateral shoots are cut with knives or scissors along with a stem up to 40 cm long. Collection is recommended only in dry, clear weather.
• Drying. The grass is laid out in a thin layer, often ted. Dry in natural conditions, with access to fresh air, but without direct sunlight. The readiness of raw materials is indicated by its fragility and brittleness.
• Storage . Grass is packed in linen bags, wooden boxes, protected from moisture. Keep no more than 3 years.

healing action

What is the pharmacological action of motherwort?

• Antispasmodic.
• Soothing.
• Sedative.
• Bactericidal.
• Anti-inflammatory.
• Diuretic.
• Expectorant.
• Cardiotonic.
• Hypotensive.
• Antipyretic.
• Wound healing.
• Fortifying.

Motherwort five-lobed has additional healing properties:

• hemostatic;
• anticonvulsant;
• astringent;
• regulating the menstrual cycle.

What is in the chemical composition of motherwort?

• Alkaloids (the main ones are stachidrine, leonurine, leonurinine).
• Flavonoids.
• Glycosides.
• Essential oil.
• Sahara.
• Tannins.
• Vitamins C, A.
• bitterness.

Indications for use

What does motherwort treat? For what diseases and symptoms is it most effective?

• central nervous system. The herb helps with insomnia, neurosis, hysteria, increased anxiety, attacks of fear and panic, relieves headaches and neuralgic pain. In terms of effects on the central nervous system, it is not inferior even to valerian. Also, grass can be prescribed in the complex treatment of epilepsy, convulsions, paralysis.
• The cardiovascular system. It is useful to drink with high blood pressure, to normalize the heart rhythm. It is a cardiotonic agent known in scientific medicine. It is prescribed for angina pectoris, myocarditis, cardioneurosis, heart failure, shortness of breath, autonomic dystonia, cerebral vascular sclerosis, atherosclerosis. The herb not only stimulates blood circulation, but also improves blood composition, so it is prescribed for anemia.
• urinary system. It is taken in complex therapy for cystitis, edema associated with renal and heart failure.
• Digestive system. The herb is beneficial for functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, eliminates bloating, well relieves spasms, pain, helps with colic of the stomach and intestines.
• Endocrinology. The herb normalizes metabolism, cleanses the blood, affects the hormonal system, it is prescribed for thyroid diseases (with hyperfunction).
• Respiratory system . The herb has anti-inflammatory and expectorant properties. Her decoctions help with coughing (bronchitis, bronchial asthma, pneumonia, SARS, influenza). It is also drunk as a diaphoretic and antipyretic.
• External use in traditional medicine. Infusions, alcohol tinctures and fresh juice of the plant are popularly used in the treatment of burns, ulcers, non-healing wounds.

Drug interactions and side effects

It is important to take into account not only the beneficial properties of motherwort and contraindications, but also its interaction with other drugs, the risk of side effects.

• Side effects of motherwort. At moderate doses, side effects are rare. But with increasing doses and prolonged use, the following symptoms are possible: nausea, vomiting, dizziness, body aches, bloody diarrhea, intense thirst. In this situation, you should immediately consult a doctor.
• drug interaction. Can be combined with other cardiac and sedative drugs, but under medical supervision to prevent overdose. It has been proven that the herb enhances the effect of painkillers and sleeping pills. According to its medicinal properties, this plant is closest to the action of valerian. Some herbalists indicate that motherwort is 3 times stronger than valerian in terms of sedative properties.

What are the contraindications for motherwort? There are few of them: individual intolerance, allergic reaction, thrombosis, bradycardia, varicose veins. The official instructions also state that the herb should not be taken during pregnancy and while breastfeeding. This issue must be resolved individually with the attending physician. With caution, the herb is prescribed for hypotension, since it can cause harm - greatly lower blood pressure, cause drowsiness and lethargy.

The use of motherwort at home

How to take motherwort? What medicines from this raw material can be prepared independently, and what motherwort preparations can be purchased at a pharmacy?

Pharmacy preparations

• Pills . They can be in different packages: 10, 30, 40, 50, 100 pieces. They belong to the pharmacological group of drugs with sedative, cardiotonic, anticonvulsant action. Also used as a diuretic. Tablets are contraindicated in gastric ulcer, acute erosive gastritis. You can take 1 tablet an hour before meals no more than 4 times a day. The shelf life of the drug is 2 years. Motherwort is also produced in the form of capsules, with the addition of magnesium and B vitamins. Read more about in our other article.
• Tincture. The main active ingredient is extracts of the herb motherwort five-lobed and cordial. The herb is infused with 70% alcohol. The main pharmacological action is sedative, hypotensive, sedative. Used for functional disorders of the central nervous system, neurosis, depression, sleep disorders, heart disease, hypertension. In addition, the tincture has a beneficial effect on digestion, relieves inflammation in the respiratory system. Read more about our other article.

Infusion

How to brew motherwort? Grass is not recommended to boil, but only pour boiling water. Therefore, decoctions are not prepared from motherwort, but only teas and infusions. There is no fundamental difference between tea and infusion. The same recipe in different herbalists can be called differently. However, infusions usually infuse longer, and tea only 10-15 minutes.

Infusion recipe

1. Take 1 tbsp. l. raw materials.
2. Pour in a glass of boiling water.
3. Leave for 1 hour.
4. Strain.

Take depending on the severity of symptoms - ¼ or ½ cup 3 times a day before meals. It helps well not only with nervous excitability, but also with diseases of the stomach and intestines associated with "nerves".

tea preparation

1. Take 2 tsp. herbs.
2. Pour in a glass of boiling water.
3. Insist 10 minutes.
4. Strain.

During the day, you can drink 1 glass of this tea, dividing it into 3 doses. The course of treatment can last from 2 to 4 weeks.

Preparing a sedative

1. Prepare a mixture of 20 g of motherwort, 15 g of St. John's wort, 10 g of lemon balm and hawthorn, 5 g of valerian.
2. Take 2 tsp. mixtures.
3. Pour in a glass of boiling water.
4. Insist 10 minutes.
5. Strain.

According to reviews, such a collection helps well with vegetative dystonia, relieves attacks of fear and anxiety. It is also useful to drink it to normalize cardiac activity, prevent atherosclerosis.

Alcohol tincture

Cooking

1. Take 1 piece of raw material.
2. Pour in 5 parts of alcohol.
3. Insist 7 days in a dark place.
4. Strain.

How many drops of tincture can I take? The doctor prescribes the dose and course of treatment, taking into account the individual characteristics and severity of symptoms. The permissible dose of home tincture is 30 drops 3 times a day. Drops are diluted in water.

Features of use in men, women, children

What benefits does the herb bring to men and women? Can children be given weed? And from what age?

• For men . Motherwort is indicated for men with all the above diseases. It is also useful to take water and alcohol infusions for diseases of the urogenital area (in particular, for inflammation of the prostate gland). A contraindication may be a type of activity that requires a high concentration of attention and speed of psychomotor reactions. Do not recommend taking drivers, machinists, pilots, machine operators.
• For women . Motherwort has hemostatic properties, it is prescribed for uterine bleeding. They also drink grass to normalize the menstrual cycle, mitigate PMS. This is an effective drug in the premenopausal period, it has a beneficial effect on the emotional state of a woman, relieves headaches, irritability, anxiety, and normalizes sleep. Read more about our other article.
• Motherwort for children. The herb is widely used in pediatrics (both in infants and adolescents). Although often the official instructions indicate an age limit: you can use it from 12 years old. Grass can be given to a child of any age only as prescribed by a doctor, with an exact age dosage. Most often, motherwort is prescribed for such symptoms in children: hyperactivity, anxiety, poor sleep, vegetative dystonia, heart rhythm disturbances, neurotic conditions, anxiety attacks and panic attacks, functional digestive disorders. It is useful to add motherwort to therapeutic baths.

Some herbalists indicate that lactating women with increased nervous excitability can drink water infusions of motherwort. Also, when breastfeeding, the grass has a beneficial effect on the baby. But the issue of admission must be decided on an individual basis with the attending physician.

What is the main use of motherwort herb? This is an effective remedy for functional disorders of the nervous system, insomnia, and cardiac disorders. It is also useful to take grass for stomach and intestinal cramps, flatulence. It is often prescribed to women in the premenopausal period, children and adolescents with signs of vegetovascular dystonia, hyperactivity.

Russian name

motherwort herb

Latin name of the substance Motherwort herb

Herba Leonuri ( genus. Herbae Leonuri)

Pharmacological group of the substance Motherwort herb

Nosological classification (ICD-10)

Characteristics of the substance Motherwort herb

Motherwort grass - collected in the phase of the beginning of flowering and dried grass of a wild-growing and cultivated perennial herbaceous plant motherwort heart (common motherwort) - Leonurus cardiaca L. (L. cardiaca L. subsp. villosus (Desf.)) Jav. and motherwort five-lobed - Leonurus quinquelobatus Gilib., family Lamiaceae (Lamiaceae)- Medicinal plant material.

Whole raw materials - the upper parts of stems up to 40 cm long with flowers and leaves (hand-harvested grass) or pieces of stems, leaves and inflorescences (mechanized harvesting grass). The color of the stems is grayish green, the leaves are dark green, the sepals are green, the corollas are dirty pink or pinkish purple. The smell is weak. The taste is bitter.

The crushed raw materials are pieces of stems, leaves and inflorescences passing through a sieve with holes with a diameter of 7 mm. The color is grayish-green, the smell is weak, the taste is bitter.

Whole and crushed raw materials (moisture content not more than 13%) contain extractives (extracted with 70% alcohol) not less than 15%, total ash not more than 12%; ash, insoluble in 10% hydrochloric acid solution, not more than 6%; blackened, brown and yellowed parts of plants - no more than 7%; stems, incl. separated during analysis, not more than 46%, organic impurities not more than 3%, mineral impurities not more than 1%. The crushed raw material, in addition, contains particles that do not pass through a sieve with holes with a diameter of 7 mm, no more than 17%, particles that pass through a sieve with holes of 0.5 mm, no more than 16%.

The main active ingredients of the motherwort herb are flavonoid glycosides (rutin, quinqueloside, cosmosiin, quercitrin, hyperoside, quercimerythrin, etc.), alkaloids (stachidrine - 0.4%, choline, leonurine), saponins, tannins (about 2%), iridoid monoterpenes (leonuride), ascorbic acid (leaves contain 23.6-65.3 mg%), diterpene bitterness (leocardin), traces of essential oil (about 0.03%), mineral salts.

It is used as an infusion, liquid extract and tincture (1:5 in 70% alcohol - a clear greenish-brown liquid with a bitter taste and a slight odor). Included in the soothing tea.

Pharmacology

pharmachologic effect- hypotensive, sedative.

Regulates the functional state of the central nervous system, has a calming effect, reduces increased nervous excitability, potentiates the hypnotic effect, and antagonizes the convulsive action of analeptics. It is effective in psychoasthenia, neurasthenia and neurosis, accompanied by insomnia, a feeling of tension and increased reactivity. Corrects functional disorders of the central nervous system and the autonomic nervous system in the premenopausal and menopausal periods. It has a negative chronotropic effect, regulates the heart rate in vegetative-vascular dystonia, exhibits cardiotonic properties, lowers blood pressure. With cardiovascular disorders, incl. with hypertension, angina pectoris, cardiosclerosis and myocarditis, palpitations, cardiac weakness, it has a beneficial effect on the course of the disease.

It has an antispastic, diuretic, anti-inflammatory, tonic effect.

The effectiveness of motherwort preparations in dyspeptic symptoms, gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer (especially against the background of increased activity of the central nervous system), pneumonia, bronchial asthma, shortness of breath, cough, Graves' disease, paralysis, epilepsy, neuralgia and brain contusion, uterine bleeding and painful menses.

In homeopathic practice, motherwort is used for heart complaints, flatulence and hyperthyroidism.

Application of the substance Motherwort herb

Increased nervous excitability, vegetative-vascular dystonia, arterial hypertension (early stages).

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity.

Use during pregnancy and lactation

Not applicable during pregnancy.

Side effects of motherwort herb substance

Allergic reactions, dyspepsia.

Routes of administration

inside.

Interactions with other active substances

Trade names

Name	The value of the Wyshkovsky Index ®

Botanical description. Motherwort cordial - a perennial herbaceous plant with woody rhizomes. Stem 50-200 cm high, tetrahedral, branching, short and curly hairs along the ribs. Leaves glabrous, stem on petioles, ovate; upper three-parted, lower - five-parted up to half of their length (rarely by 2/3), with wide oblong dentate lobes. In the inflorescence, the leaves are elliptical, with two lateral teeth.

The inflorescence is long, with spaced whorls; bracts subulate, short-haired. Calyx glabrous, 5-6 mm long, with subulate denticles, two of which are bent down; corolla pink, 9-9.5 mm long; the upper lip is white-hairy outside, sometimes glabrous. The middle lobe of the lower lip of the corolla is slightly wider than the lateral lobes. The fruit consists of four nuts, 2.5-3 mm long.

The form of heart motherwort with a longer pubescence of the stem is distinguished by some taxonomists as a special species - hairy motherwort - L. villosm Desf. ex Spreng. /L. quinquelobatus Gilib. ex Usteri/ or subspecies L. cardiaca L. subsp. villosus (Desf. ex Spreng) Hyl. In other modern floras, this form is recognized as a synonym for L. cardiaca L.

Blooms in June - July; fruits ripen in July - August.

In some southern regions of the CIS, along with motherwort, some species close to it are found, the use of which in medicine is not allowed.

Motherwort gray - L. glaucescens Bunge/ L. cardiaca L. subsp. glaucescens (Bunge) Schmalh./. It has a bluish color due to pubescence with dense short, downward and pressed hairs. The inflorescence is long, with spaced lower whorls; calyx narrowly conical, 7-8 (9) mm long, covered with tightly appressed hairs; corolla light pink, 10-12 mm long, with entire lower lip, which is twice as long and one and a half times as wide as the lateral ones.

Tatar motherwort - L. tataricus L., unlike the previous species, is pubescent with long hairs only in the upper part of the stem. Calyx broadly conical, long-haired, 5-6 mm long; corolla pink-violet, 10 mm long. Its lower lip has the same structure as that of the gray motherwort.

Medicinal plant - in medicine, the upper flowering parts (grass) of motherwort heart (five-lobed motherwort) are used.

Area. Motherwort is a European species, as a weed plant more and more widely penetrating into Siberia.

It is widely distributed throughout almost the entire European part of the CIS (except for the northern, semi-desert and desert regions), in the south of Western Siberia, in the western and eastern Transcaucasia. To the east, its range narrows all the time, entering only in a narrow tongue into the southern regions of Siberia and Northern Kazakhstan.

The northern border of the range of motherwort begins from the border with Finland at the northern shore of Lake Ladoga and goes east through Petrozavodsk - Vologda - Kotlas - Syktyvkar - Nizhny Tagil.

In Siberia, it does not grow north of the border: Tobolsk - Tara - Lake. Chany - Tomsk. Near the northern border it occurs scattered and only in settlements. Tomsk is the eastern limit of the distribution of motherwort, except for its separate alien localities in the south of the Krasnoyarsk Territory (settlement Designated) and in Primorye. In the south, the distribution of motherwort is limited to central Kazakhstan (Bayanaul, Atbasar, Naurzum-Karagay forest, the Irgiz river) and further along the Aktyubinsk-Orenburg line.

In the European part of the CIS, the southern border goes from Orenburg to Uralsk, Lake. Elton and Astrakhan. In the Caucasus, motherwort is absent from the desert regions along the Kura and from the highlands. It is found everywhere in Ukraine, in the Crimea and the Krasnodar Territory.

Ecology. Motherwort is a mesophyte. It grows sparsely, sometimes forms thickets in weedy places, fallows, wastelands, along the edges of fields, near roads, along cliffs, near dwellings, near fences. It occurs in small groups among thickets of shrubs, in forest clearings, forest edges, in forest belts, pastures and short-term flooded areas of floodplain meadows. Undemanding to soils.

The productivity of one plant of motherwort cordial (wet weight of the tops of stems 25-30 cm long with leaves and flowers) ranges from 10 to 20 g.

Resources. The need for motherwort raw materials was 200-300 tons per year. The main areas for harvesting its raw materials were concentrated in the south of the forest and forest-steppe zones of the European part of the USSR.

In the Stavropol Territory, the identified reserves of motherwort raw materials amount to about 5 tons. Mass procurement of raw materials is possible in the northeastern regions of Bashkiria. The motherwort is also widespread in Tatarstan, where its harvesting is also possible. In the Perm region, about 1 ton of raw materials can be harvested annually. In the southern regions of the Tomsk region, the identified reserves of motherwort raw materials are about 0.17 tons. Motherwort is successfully introduced into culture.

It propagates by seeds. It can be cultivated everywhere, in various soil and climatic conditions. Sowing is carried out in early spring, by a wide-row method, with stratified seeds at a planting depth of 1.5 - 2 cm (on light soils - up to 3 cm). Under culture conditions, it usually blooms and bears fruit from the first year, giving 5-6 centners of commercial raw materials per 1 ha, in subsequent years - up to 20-30 centners. The yield of motherwort seeds reaches 3-5 q/ha. In southern Siberia, the grass yield is about 15 q/ha.

Motherwort is harvested in the period from the beginning of flowering of the lower flower whorls to the beginning of their flowering (June-July), cutting off the tops of plants and side shoots 30-40 cm long and not more than 5 mm thick with knives or secateurs. In culture conditions, mechanized harvesting is used.

Compliance with the harvesting rules allows the use of thickets for 3-5 years in a row, after which they need to be given a rest for 1 year. Raw materials are collected only in dry weather, dried in dryers or under sheds.

The raw material consists of the tops of stems with leaves and flowers, has a characteristic smell and a bitter taste.

Chemical composition. In the herb of motherwort at the beginning of flowering, alkaloids, tannins, bitter and sugary substances, essential oil (0.05%), flavonoids (quercetin, rutin, quinqueloside), p-coumaric acid, traces of vitamins A and C were found.

Usage. In medical practice, motherwort herb extract and tincture are used in 70% alcohol. Motherwort preparations have a sedative effect, which is 2-3 times stronger than valerian preparations. Clinical studies have shown that motherwort preparations are effective in cardiovascular neuroses, hypertension, angina pectoris, cardiosclerosis, myocarditis, myocardial dystrophy, heart defects and brain contusions.
Motherwort is a good honey plant that produces nectar and bee bread even during a long drought. Its seeds contain about 30% drying fatty oil, which is suitable for making drying oil. Known cases of pet poisoning when eating