Separating soft sign examples. Separating hard and soft signs (ъ, ь). Non-separating soft sign

>>Russian language 2nd grade >>Russian language: Separating soft sign (ь)

Separating soft character(s)

The role and meaning of the soft sign in Russian

Today in the Russian language lesson we will study a special letter, which is called a soft sign. Such a letter, as a soft sign, does not have or indicate any sound, but its role is to indicate the softness of consonant sounds in the letter.

For example: bathhouse, stranded, coal, seal, laziness, pity, horse.

But, in addition to the fact that the soft sign is an indicator of the softness of consonant sounds, it can also be dividing.

And so, now we can sum up the results and conclude that such a letter as a soft sign is used in the Russian language:

To soften the preceding consonant;
As a separator;
To indicate certain grammatical forms.

We have already determined when it is necessary to write a soft sign in words to soften consonants. Now let's try to understand the separating soft sign and find out why a soft sign is also called a separating sign, in which cases a soft sign is a separating sign, and how words with a separating soft sign are written.

In order to better understand this topic and understand the difference between a soft sign, which serves to soften consonant sounds, and a dividing soft sign, let’s try to consider this issue with an example.

For example: Seed and family

Read these words carefully. Now pay attention to how the last syllable sounds in the first word - seed. In this word “seed” the sound [m"] has a soft sound, since the letter I gives it softness, and in this syllable the vowel and consonant are pronounced together.

Now let's look at the next word. The word “family” is [sem "ya]. In this case, we see that the consonant and the vowel following it are pronounced separately. Such a separate pronunciation between a vowel and a consonant in writing is indicated using a soft sign, which is called a separating soft sign.

For example: Kolya - stakes, salt - salt, flight - pouring.

Therefore, we can already conclude that the separating soft sign indicates that the consonant and vowel sounds are pronounced separately.

Rules for writing a soft separating character

The separating ь (soft sign) is written:

Firstly, in the middle of the word before the vowels: e, e, yu, i. For example: blizzard, terrier, monkey, health, linen, leaves.

Secondly, in words of foreign origin before the letter O. For example: champignons, postman, broth.

Thirdly, the separating soft sign is written at the roots of words, after consonants. For example: December, barley, sparrows, steppe, night.

Also, you need to remember that the separating soft sign is never written:

First, the words come first;
Secondly, after the consoles.

Now let's carefully look at the picture and try to compare the difference between the soft sign, which serves to soften the consonant and the dividing soft sign:

Homework

1. Read carefully the words with a soft sign and first write down only those in which the soft sign is an indicator of softness, and then - words with a separating soft sign.

Moth, dress, family, skates, day, chairs, wool, streams, stakes, ice hole, laziness, despondency, housing, friends, bathhouse, health, jelly, coat, autumn, letter, downpour, computer, corduroy, Daria, happiness, fun, sadness.

2. Choose antonyms for these words and say what role does the soft sign play in them?

Cleanliness, boredom, work, harm, light, enemies, sugar.

3. Write down the words in the plural:

Friend, leaf, wing, branch, log, tree.

4. When writing a separator, what sound do you hear in the words?
5. Solve the crossword puzzle.

Questions for the crossword:

1. What else can you call a snowstorm?
2. Where do bees live?
3. Dad, mom, I are friendly….
4. An animal that loves to climb trees.
5. Carlson’s favorite treat.

The soft sign is a special letter in the Russian language. Despite the fact that it does not produce any sound, its role in the composition of the word is very important.

Soft sign functions

Like the hard sign, the soft sign is used adjacent to consonants, denoting their softness. However, this is not the only case of its use. There are two main functions of this letter:

• Softening.
• Dividing.

An additional function of the soft sign is to designate specific grammatical forms, for example, the infinitive of the verb: take care, bake, attract.

The softening function is considered the main one for this letter. Since consonants in some cases must be pronounced softly, this must be indicated in some way in writing. Examples of such use of a soft sign are the words: horse, bathhouse, ide, lightly.

The separating soft sign is written in several situations:

• Always before the iotated vowels E, E, Yu and I (cookies, salt, drink, spears).
• In some roots of words after consonants (sparrows).
• In borrowed words before the vowel O (champignons).

It got its name because of the function it performs. Such a soft sign “separates” a consonant and a vowel, indicating that they need to be pronounced separately. If this letter is removed, you will get either a completely different word or a meaningless set of sounds. For example, you can compare the words “family” and “seed”, “salt” and “salt”.

There are also several situations in which the separating soft character is never used. These are the positions:

• At the absolute beginning of the word.
• After the console.

In the Russian language, in principle, there are no words that begin with a soft sign; after prefixes, it is usually not a soft sign, but a hard sign.

Examples of words with a soft separator

The separating soft sign is found in many words, here are examples of the most used of them:

• Monkey.
• Snowstorm.
• Necklace.
• Necklace.
• Lingerie.
• Pig.
• Ants.
• Health.
• Family.
• Postman.
• Bouillon..
• Medallion.
• Fun.
• Happiness.
• Voronyo.
• Polet.
• He will beat you.

This list contains words of different parts of speech, the spelling of which should be remembered.

The Russian language is considered one of the richest in the world, and to study it in full will require more than one year of familiarity with the theory, constantly supported by practical exercises. The school course program is structured in such a way that children become familiar with all sections of the language in stages, starting with the simplest topics. First, children are taught to form syllables and words, and then to perform sound analysis of words. It is here that the first acquaintance with the function of the soft sign occurs, and at this stage children learn only that the soft sign softens consonant sounds.

Separating soft sign in Russian

Here are a few examples in which this sign is used to softly pronounce individual consonants: laziness, Malvina, balm. As you can see, a soft sign to soften consonant sounds can be used both in the middle of a word and at the end. As children learn the Russian language, they are given the following topic - a soft separating sign. Grade 2 of the school curriculum provides an introduction to a new, more complex function of the soft sign. But practice shows that this topic is not understood by everyone. And it is precisely those who for some reason missed this section of the school course who will need this article.

Stages of studying the material

As a rule, for easier understanding, teachers divide the study of this topic into several stages:

Meaning of the separating soft sign

As already mentioned, words with a soft separating sign differ from those where it is used only to soften consonant sounds. In the first case, writing this sign is simply necessary for the correct sound of the word. In such cases, the soft sign indicates that the vowel and consonant should not merge, but should be pronounced separately. For example: nightingales - nightingales, salt - salt, dog - play. And in the second case, the presence of a soft sign can completely change the lexical meaning. For example: chalk - stranded, horse - horse.

Writing words with a soft separator

When writing a word with a soft separator, the following errors may occur:

Sound analysis of words with a soft sign

When studying this topic, just as in first grade, all words are broken down into sounds so that the child can understand their construction. For an example of parsing, let's take the word "family". Using only the designation of sounds, it can be written like this: s`em`y`a. Next, each letter is analyzed separately, indicating its belonging to vowels or consonants, softness, pairing, type (voiceless or voiced sound), and for vowels it is also necessary to indicate stress. With this analysis, the separating soft sign is written with a symbol of softness near the consonant sound and the letter “th”.

Words with a soft sign for sound analysis

In order to better remember how to conduct sound analysis of words with a separating soft sign, you need to practice a little. To do this, you should parse at least 10 words with a separating soft sign. Such a practical task will help to consolidate this topic in memory for a long time. For analysis, you can take the following words: necklace, blizzard, hookah, fun, barrier, jam, flair, friends, knitting, nightingales.

How to hyphenate words with a soft separator?

Quite often, children find it difficult to transfer words with a soft separating sign. However, there is nothing complicated about this, the main thing is to correctly divide the word into syllables. It should be remembered that the soft sign cannot be separated from the consonant letter preceding it. It is also worth noting that one letter cannot be separated from a word and transferred, so it must always be attached to the previous syllable. It is also important to understand the fact that transfer can be direct (consonant + vowel) and reverse (vowel + consonant). Examples of word hyphenation: vyu-ga, monkey-yana, flakes, feathers, owls, sparrows, necklace, kal-yan- this is the correct hyphenation of words with a separating soft sign. In no case should you separate a soft sign from a consonant and attach it to a vowel, just as you cannot separate one vowel from a word. Transference should only occur after the word has been broken down into syllables.

How to secure the material?

In order to consolidate the knowledge gained while studying the topic of the soft separating sign, you need to pay special attention to practical exercises. First of all, you need to learn to determine exactly what function the soft sign performs in each individual word. Next, you should do an audio analysis of several words so that the pronunciation of syllables with a separating soft sign is clearly fixed in memory. Only after this can you begin to parse words syllable by syllable and write from dictation.

Exercises for consolidation

Theory should always be supported by practical tasks. It is the exercises that allow you to delve into the topic most deeply, which leads to the best assimilation of the material. The topic “Words with a soft separator” is no exception. Examples of exercises:

1. In a set of words - moth, fabric, leaves, guest, pain, necklace- it is necessary to determine in which words the soft sign is used to soften the consonant sound, and in which it is a dividing sign.
2. It is necessary to write down transcriptions for all the words above. They should look like this: [mol’], [fabric’], [l’ist’y’a], [gost’y’a], [bol’], [kol’y’e].
3. Write down a group of words with a soft separator under dictation.

In this lesson we will learn why soft sign called dividing and how words with soft separator. Let's do a lot interesting tasks.

Combined and separate pronunciation of consonant and vowel

We already know that a soft sign is an indicator of the softness of a consonant sound. In addition, a soft sign can be dividing.

Rice. 1. Soft sign ()

To understand better, let's look at an example. Let's read the words. Kolya - stakes.

What does the last consonant sound in the first word sound like?

Kolya- the sound [l "] sounds soft. Its softness is indicated by the letter Y. How to pronounce the consonant and the vowel that follows it?

LA - together. Kolya.

Kolya carries stakes. Stakes- these are pointed sticks.

Is the consonant pronounced together or separately with the next vowel?

Stakes- [kol "ya] - separately. Separate pronunciation of a consonant and vowel in writing is shown using a soft sign.

Where is the separating soft sign written?

Let’s read the words and observe whether the consonant and vowel are pronounced together or separately?

Seed - family

feather - Pierrot

salt - salt

judge - judges

flight - will fly

Conclusion: the separating sign b indicates that the consonant and vowel must be pronounced separately.

Rice. 2. Separating soft sign ()

The separating soft sign is written after consonants, before vowels E, Yo, Yu, Ya, I.

Rice. 3. Separating soft sign ()

So, we learned that the soft separating sign shows that the consonant and vowel are pronounced separately. It is written after the consonant before the vowels E, E, Yu, Ya, I.

Transcription of words with a soft separator

Let us remember what happens to the letters E, E, Yu, I, I when they appear after the b sign.

Rice. 4. Separating soft sign ()

Let's transcribe the words. Let's count the number of letters and sounds.

Ants, I drink.

In a word ants we show the softness of the consonant sound [v"], the soft sign is not written in transcription, the letter I - when pronounced, gave the sound [i]. [murav"i] - 7 letters, 6 sounds. In the word pyu we show the softness of the consonant [p"], the letter Yu in transcription is designated as [y"y]. [p"y"y] - 3 letters, 3 sounds.

We conclude: E, Yo, Yu, Ya, And after the soft separating sign they give 2 sounds.

Rice. 5. Separating soft sign ()

Tasks for consolidation

Let's consolidate the acquired knowledge.

Let's distribute the words into two columns: the first, where b is an indicator of the softness of a consonant, and the second is a dividing column.

Vocabulary, drinking, days, elk, stump, sewing, Olga, blizzard, brothers, family.

Let's check what happened.

The first column contained the words: dictionary, days, elk, stump, Olga.

The second column contains the words: drinking, sewing, blizzard, brothers, family.

Let's complete the sentences using words with a separating soft sign.

The owl is hunting......

The eagle flapped......

The artist draws......

The bird's body is covered......

The hunter charged......

Let's check what happened.

The owl hunts at night.

The eagle flapped its wings.

The artist paints with a brush.

The bird's body is covered with feathers.

The hunter loaded his gun.

Let's change the word combinations according to the example:

Hare's fur coat - hare's fur coat

The mouth of the wolf -

Crow's nest -

Bear's den -

Cow horns -

Sheep wool -

Let's check.

Wolf's mouth, crow's nest, bear's den, cow's horns, sheep's wool.

We form surnames from given names with a separating soft sign.

Gregory, Yuri, Vasily, Ignat, Afanasy.

Let's check.

Grigoriev, Yuryev, Vasiliev, Ignatiev, Afanasyev.

We insert a b sign where necessary. Let's determine what role he plays.

Gift...I, earth...I, happiness, sparrow...and, payment, friend.....I, child...ta, chair...I, hand...and , sew...e, song...e, freedom, family...e, nanny...e, fun.

Let's check.

In words there is earth, guys, song, nanny a soft sign is not needed, because the consonant and vowel are pronounced together.

In words Daria, happiness, sparrows, dress, friends, chairs, streams, sewing, expanse, family, fun a soft separating sign was inserted because the consonant and vowel are pronounced separately.

In this lesson, we learned that the soft sign plays another role - it shows that the consonant and vowel are pronounced separately. That is why the letter got its name soft separator sign.

In the next lesson we will learn what parts of speech are, what the science of morphology studies. Let's learn how to correctly pose questions to words to determine parts of speech.

1. Klimanova L.F., Babushkina T.V. Russian language. 2. - M.: Education, 2012 (http://www.twirpx.com/file/1153023/)
2. Buneev R.N., Buneeva E.V., Pronina O.V. Russian language. 2. - M.: Balass.
3. Ramzaeva T.G. Russian language. 2. - M.: Bustard.

1. Festival of Pedagogical Ideas "Open Lesson" (.
2. Public class ().
3. Nsportal.ru ().

1. Klimanova L.F., Babushkina T.V. Russian language. 2. - M.: Education, 2012. Complete the exercise. 198, 199 pp. 131.
2. Write down words denoting objects in the plural: chair, stake, friend, tree, ear, feather, wing.
3. * Using the knowledge acquired in the lesson, come up with a fairy tale about a soft dividing sign.

Back forward

Attention! Slide previews are for informational purposes only and may not represent all of the presentation's features. If you are interested in this work, please download the full version.

Lesson type: formation of new knowledge (lesson 1).

The purpose of the lesson: To create conditions for the successful development of students’ skills in spelling words with a separating soft sign.

Tasks:

Educational:

• contribute to the improvement of spelling skills of words with a separating soft sign and with a soft sign indicating the softness of the preceding consonant;
• observe the pronunciation of words with a soft separating sign;
• introduce the algorithm for writing a soft separating character;
• training the ability to find words with a soft separator;
• determine what rule governs the writing of the separating soft sign;
• apply the rule about the soft separating sign in practice;
• carry out spelling control.

Educational:

• develop spelling vigilance skills;
• promote the development of the foundations of mental activity;
• develop speech;

Educational:

• develop the need to write competently;
• developing cooperation skills;
• expanding knowledge about the native language;
• fostering learning activity;
• work in pairs and groups.

Forms of work: frontal, individual, pair work.

Planned results:

Will learn:

• write words with a separating soft sign and a soft sign to indicate the softness of the consonant sound in writing.

Will have the opportunity to learn:

• accurately apply algorithms and rules when solving educational problems.

Subject:

• The ability to distinguish between words with a soft sign - an indicator of the softness of the preceding consonant and with a separating soft sign;
• Explain the writing of a separate soft sign in words.

Metasubject:

Regulatory:

• The ability to determine the purpose of the lesson, plan (in accordance with the teacher or independently) your actions to solve the problem;
• Find your bearings in the textbook, act according to the plan, as well as according to the instructions (memo-diagram) contained in the sources of information: the teacher’s speech, textbook, make adjustments (carry out self-control as you write), check what you have written, find and correct errors;
• Evaluate your own and your friend’s achievements.

Communicative:

• Enter into educational cooperation with classmates, participate in joint activities, provide mutual assistance;
• Carry out mutual control;
• Show a friendly attitude towards partners.

Cognitive:

• Carry out analysis and synthesis. Comparison. Classification of language material according to specified criteria.

Personal

• Cooperate in pairs when performing educational tasks and when working with symbolic information;
• Consider the opinion of another person.

Lesson resources: Russian language: textbook for grade 2, part 2 / V.P. Kanakina. – 3rd ed. M.: “Enlightenment”, 2011.

Equipment:

• From the teacher:

multimedia projector, computer, presentation “Soft Dividing Sign”, task cards for students, memo diagram for students.

For students:

cards with tasks, a notebook, signal cards in green, yellow and red.

During the classes

I. Organizational moment (2 min.).

Good afternoon, dear guests and guys! If you start the day with a smile, then you can hope that it will go well. Let's spend today's lesson with a smile. The main task is to be attentive, active, resourceful, and most importantly, hardworking. Show that we know and know how to work.

Let's sit down. Let's check the landing.

We opened the notebooks, moved one line down from the previous work and wrote down the number, on the next line is the cool work. Look at the slide and write in capital letters.

Slide 2.

In the margins, using a simple pencil, draw your mood: the sun, a cloud, or the sun hidden behind a cloud. If you are in a good mood, draw a sun, if you are sad, draw a cloud, and if you are serious, draw a sun hidden behind a cloud.

II. Motivation for students' learning activities.

I will read a poem, and you listen. Guess what letter we will write during the penmanship minute.

What letter is it, who knows:
Doesn't mean a sound
Can only show
How to read a consonant:
Forest, elk, heat, fry,
Mol, mole, horse, horse.

Yes, today we will write. Remember how to write ь, what elements does it consist of?

Look at the slide, do you see the capital letters? soft sign, one b is written after the consonant at the end of the word, the second one in the middle, write it according to the example ь from the beginning of the line to the end.

Highlight the most beautiful letter b.

Well done, you all worked hard when writing this letter.

III. Updating knowledge (creating conditions for students to develop a need for learning activities based on previously acquired knowledge) (5 min.).

Guys, what do you know about the letter soft sign? What is special about this letter?

What job does a soft sign do in Russian?

Look at the slide, read the words.

December, furniture, skates, January, November

Guys, what are these words?

Why do you think so?

What letters do you need to remember in these words?

What do these words have in common?

Look at the slide and check if your assumptions are correct.

What role does the soft sign play here?

IV. Formation of new knowledge and skills (posing a problematic question) (7 min).

Let's work in pairs. Look at the screen, there is a table in front of you, read the words in it. What do these words have in common?

Slide 6 (1).

You have yellow cards with the same words on your table. Your task is to try to divide these words into two groups, showing the direction of the words with arrows.

Let's check if you have placed the arrows correctly.

Slide 6 (2).

Raise your hands if you have all the arrows correctly placed. Who had one mistake. Who didn't cope at all? Explain on what basis you divided the words into groups? Prove it.

Did you encounter any problems while completing this task?

What do you think is the topic of our lesson?

Slide 7.

What are our goals for the lesson?

V. Discovery of new knowledge (7-8 min.).

Pay attention to the slide, read the words.

Slide 8 (1).

Salt (water) salt (water).

Let's compare the spelling and pronunciation of words. What letter do they differ in?

What does each word mean?

How many letters and sounds are in a word salt, and in the word salt?

Read the words on the right side and on the left side syllable by syllable, listen to how they sound. -What can we say about the second syllable in these words?

– What sounds indicate the vowels in the second syllable?

– Why do you think the letter yu in the word salt means two sounds?

- Look between which letters there is b?

Guess what is the role of the soft sign in the word salt?

Draw a conclusion about what a soft sign might be.

Slide 8 (2).

On a letter after a consonant “ale” before a vowel Yu a soft sign is written, which in Russian is called a separating soft sign.

Let's turn to the textbook p. 32, find information about the language, read it yourself.

Read it out loud, please.

Let's try to create a diagram, in what cases is a separating soft sign written?

Let's look at the slide to see if we said it correctly.

Read the words, tell me what sounds are indicated by the letters e, ё, ya, i, yu, standing after the soft sign?

Well done guys, you did it, you got the same signal circuit as on the slide. You can paste this diagram into your notebook.

Physical education minute. (For eyes, back).

VI. Primary consolidation (4-5 min).

Guys, let's turn to exercise 52. Read the task yourself. Read it out loud. What do you need to do in the exercise?

Determine which letters are preceded by a separating soft sign. Copy the words. Underline the soft separating character with one line, and the letters before and after which it is written with two lines.

Let's do this exercise at the board. You write down words, dictating syllable by syllable, determining what sounds are indicated by the letters that come after the soft sign.

What role does the sign play here?

Guys, was the task on the board completed correctly? Rate using the “Palm”.

VII. Independent work with self-test according to the standard. Self-analysis and self-control (4-5 min).

Now let’s work on our own. Attention to the slide.

Slide 10 (1).

Animals, leaves, struggle, friends, salt, health, coats, fun, at night.

The words are given, read them. Guys, you have blue cards with the same words on your table. Take them. Listen to the task.

Write down only those words that have a soft separator. Underline those letters that indicate that the soft sign is a separator. Use the diagram you received.

Guys, does everyone understand the task? If yes, then we do it.

Take a look at the slide. Check if everything is written correctly. Evaluate yourself: if all the words are written correctly, turn up the green color; if 1-2 words are wrong, turn up the yellow color; if more? pick up the red color.

Physical education minute.

VIII. Incorporation of new knowledge into the knowledge system and repetition (7-8 min.).

Look at the board, you see the pictures.

Say the names of the pictures to yourself. Try to understand in which words the separating soft sign is written. Write them out.

Find in the written words the letters denoting two sounds, write what sounds they represent. Try it yourself.

Is everyone clear on the task? Do it.

Let's check your work on the slide.

If everything is correct, a cross on the top line; if one word is incorrect, a cross in the middle; if 1 word or words with a softening soft sign are written, put a cross on the bottom line.

IX. Reflection of activity.

Guys, now let’s play a little, I’m reading a proposal to you, if you agree, then you raise the green signal, if not, then red.

Get ready.

• A soft sign can be softening.
• A soft sign can be a dividing sign.
• The soft separator comes after a consonant at the end of a word.
• The separating soft sign separates the vowel and consonant sounds.

Well done! Almost everyone completed the task. In the next lesson we will continue to work with this topic.

X. Lesson summary.

What new things have you learned about the b sign?

Where is the separating soft sign?

What was easy? What was difficult in the lesson?

Which task was the most interesting?

What can you say about your work in class?

-Depict in the notebook in the margins, your mood with the help of the sun, a cloud, or the sun hidden behind a cloud.

Compare your mood at the beginning of the rock and at the end. Has it changed?

We will evaluate your work in class. Those who received the highest score after completing all tasks receive an A.

Those who had shortcomings in completing all the tasks receive a B for inaccuracies.

Those who made mistakes while completing tasks did well.

Homework.

Teacher: Write down your optional homework, it is written on the slide (optional).

Write down the words, inserting the missing syllables. Underline the soft dividing sign (p. 32) ex. 53.

Explain why in these words it is necessary to write a separating soft sign. Write down any word from memory.

I think that each of you made a contribution to the common cause. The couples maintained unity and good relationships. I liked your work in class. The lesson is over.