VSD what. Vegetative-vascular dystonia - symptoms, types of VSD and treatment. Features of treatment in children

Trembling hands, difficulty breathing, sudden coldness of the hands and feet, sleep disturbance - these and many other signs indicate a disorder in the autonomic nervous system. In this case, we are not talking about a specific disease, but about a complex of pathological symptoms that greatly complicate a person’s life. What is vegetative-vascular dystonia? Find out more.

What is VSD

Often people suffering from functional disorders of the nervous system are called imaginary patients. They may experience terrible sensations, but the examination shows the proper functioning of all organs and systems. The reason lies in serious disorders of the autonomic nervous system that occur when exposed to certain factors. What does the diagnosis of VSD mean, and is the disease dangerous? Without treatment, a person develops serious consequences, for example, bronchial asthma, cardiac ischemia. You can only get rid of the disease temporarily.

Causes of VSD

Vegetodystonia appears when the blood vessels and nervous system begin to function incorrectly, while simultaneously reacting strongly to irritants. Doctors cannot identify the true causes of VSD, but they identify the provoking factors of the disease. It has been noted that dystonia often appears as a result of stress and a person’s inability to show their experiences. The condition worsens significantly in the presence of bad habits and lack of physical training.

VSD in adults

As a rule, dystonia manifests itself in a person in childhood and remains with him in the future. Vegetative-vascular dystonia in adults is more painful and severe because the body becomes less controllable. The main causes of vegetative disease:

• smoking;
• excessive caffeine consumption;
• drugs;
• iatrogeny;
• bad heredity;
• injuries, allergic, viral diseases;
• alcohol abuse;
• infections, for example, tonsillogenic;
• constant vibrations;
• hyperinsolation
• frequent stress, emotional tension;
• climate change;
• hormonal changes in the female body;
• endocrine diseases;
• tumors, brain injuries
• diseases of the central nervous system;
• ionizing radiation.

VSD in children

A child with a disease such as vegetative-vascular dystonia is easy to distinguish from his peers - he often gets sick, shows whims, has an elevated body temperature, and has conflicts. The following causes of VSD in children are identified:

• inheritance;
• birth injuries;
• condition weakening the child’s immunity (dysbacteriosis, colds);
• stress in kindergarten, school;
• traumatic brain injuries;
• overwork;
• toxic effects on the nervous system;
• hormonal changes in adolescents.

Types of VSD

To diagnose and treat the disease, doctors distinguish several types of vegetative-vascular dystonia. Each variety is characterized by certain symptoms and signs associated with pathological changes in the blood vessels. The most common types of VSD are hypertensive, hypotonic and mixed. Find out how the disease manifests itself to clarify your diagnosis.

VSD of the hypertensive type

A frequent companion for people leading a sedentary lifestyle. VSD of the hypertensive type is characterized by high vascular tone and increased blood pressure, usually systolic. The last symptom may be constant or appear from time to time, accompanied by headaches, hot flashes, rapid heartbeat, and neurotic disorders. Vegetative-vascular dystonia of the hypertensive type goes away without medication after a short rest.

VSD of mixed type

This form of the disease occurs in most patients. A person may complain of symptoms characteristic of different types of vegetative-vascular dystonia, and this greatly complicates the diagnosis of the disease. One day he may feel signs of a hypertensive form, the next - cardiac, a week later - hypotonic, and so on. VSD of mixed type can be manifested by the following symptoms:

• headache;
• severe weakness;
• pre-fainting;
• sleep problems;
• pressure surges;
• tingling, sweating of extremities;
• respiratory disorders;
• redness of the facial skin;
• spots before the eyes;
• swelling of tissues;
• feeling of heat in the face.

VSD of hypotonic type

This form is spoken of when the patient has low blood pressure and weak vascular tone. VSD of the hypotonic type is characterized by decreased blood supply to the organs and systems of the body, fainting, general weakness, gastrointestinal dyskinesia, joint pain, and chills. The person is pale, weak, afraid to take a deep breath, and suffers from excessive sweating. The lower and upper extremities with vegetative dystonia are almost always cold. A patient with suprasegmental autonomic dysfunction has low performance, panic attacks, and depression are observed.

VSD - symptoms

The disease manifests itself in different ways, and this is due to the multifaceted influence of the VNS on the body. Pathological processes affect digestion, breathing, blood supply, sweating, and so on. Signs of the disease can be seen in photographs of patients. Symptoms of VSD can appear in attacks or be present constantly. The most common of them:

• respiratory syndrome (difficulty breathing, fear of taking a deep breath);
• increase or decrease in blood pressure;
• sweating;
• increased salivation;
• pain in the heart area;
• cardiovascular syndrome (cardialgia in the left half of the heart);
• violation of thermoregulation;
• anorgasmia;
• neurogastric syndrome;
• dyspeptic disorders (constipation, nausea, abdominal cramps);
• Cardiophobia (fear of cardiac diseases);
• internal trembling;
• bradycardia;
• asthenic syndrome (emotional disturbances, poor performance);
• hyperventilation syndrome (a person, for no apparent reason, begins to experience shortness of breath, rapid breathing, panic, a feeling of fear, anxiety);
• frequent urination;
• swelling of tissues;
• orthostatic hypotension;
• vegetative-vascular paroxysms;
• myalgia;
• dizziness;
• temporary hearing loss;
• feeling of déjà vu;
• low-grade fever;
• cerebrovascular syndrome;
• numbness of the limbs;
• muscle spasms.

Diagnosis of VSD

If a person has the above symptoms of a nervous disease, the doctor will definitely prescribe a comprehensive examination to rule out a somatic disease. In addition, consultation with a neurologist, psychiatrist and other specialists may be recommended. To diagnose vegetative-vascular dystonia, the following is prescribed:

• interpretation of blood and urine tests;
• tomography;
• Ultrasound of internal organs, ECG;
• special techniques for determining vegetative tone;
• various breath tests;
• electroencephalography.

VSD - treatment

Most people diagnosed with vegetative dystonia do not require drug therapy. To improve their condition and prevent attacks, they are recommended to change their lifestyle in order to normalize the functioning of the nervous system. With vegetative-vascular dystonia, you should learn to relax, start leading an active lifestyle, harden yourself, for example, take a contrast shower. It is important not to overwork, not to withdraw into yourself, and to attend physical treatments. To treat VSD, it is recommended to adjust your diet: give preference to foods containing magnesium and potassium.

An effective and simple way to treat VSD is physiotherapy. To normalize the functioning of blood vessels and improve blood circulation, electrophoresis, magnetic therapy, water procedures, hydromassage, and herbal baths are used. In addition, the disease is treated with paraffin applications to the cervical-occipital region, modulated currents, and ionizing radiation. Many patients diagnosed with vegetative dystonia are helped by taking herbs and infusions, and traditional medicine methods.

Tablets for VSD

If the disease is severe, the above methods do not bring results, the patient is prescribed medications. Recommended drugs:

1. Antidepressants to regulate the functioning of the nervous system, eliminate asthenia, and the syndrome of mental disorders in the disease. This could be: Prozac, Amitriptyline.
2. Nootropics to activate metabolic processes and improve blood circulation. Effective medicines for the disease: Piracetam, Phezam.
3. Beta blockers that reduce high blood pressure, for example, Anaprilin.
4. Medicines with potassium and magnesium to normalize the tone of the vascular bed. This could be Asparkam, Magvit.
5. Cerebroangiocorrectors that normalize cerebral circulation in case of disease. This group includes Dalargin, Stugeron.

Find out more information about the disease with folk remedies and medicines.

Video: VSD - what kind of disease is it

Attention! The information presented in the article is for informational purposes only. The materials in the article do not encourage self-treatment. Only a qualified doctor can make a diagnosis and make recommendations for treatment based on the individual characteristics of a particular patient.

Vegetative-vascular dystonia is a polysymptomatic disorder that covers a variety of body systems. The failure in question is a dysfunction of the autonomous system, responsible for two key operations in the body: maintaining and maintaining the stability of the internal microenvironment of the body (blood pressure, sweating, body temperature, frequency of myocardial and respiratory contractions, metabolic processes), as well as activation of functional systems for their adaptation to constantly fluctuating environmental conditions (stressors, physical work, weather fluctuations, climate).

Causes

Often in the body of human subjects the performance of all elements of the nervous system is disrupted, the result of which is the development of the described disorder, which is observed in a third of the world's population. Manifestations of the failure in question are the response of organs to the abnormal and inconsistent functioning of parts of the autonomous system.

Vegetative-vascular dystonia, what is it in simple words? It is incorrect to consider the described disorder as a separate disease. It is rather a symptom accompanying dysfunction of internal organs. It appears due to improper functioning of the ganglion system.

The pathogenesis of this disease is quite heterogeneous. More often, the disorder is found in the youngest members of society. Today, according to statistics, this condition is observed in 18% of children.

Below are the factors that give rise to the development of vegetative-vascular dystonia. The cardinal of these factors is considered to be a predisposition passed on as an “inheritance.” The dysfunction described more often passes through the female line (in other words, from parent to daughter) rather than from mother to son, and inheritance through the line of the “starter of the family” is generally quite rare. Weakness of the capillaries and myocardium, often accompanied by organic damage to the nervous system, is also considered a common cause of the disease in question.

The causes of vegetative-vascular dystonia are a consequence of mitochondrial diseases (mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to disruption of energy function at the cellular level), hormonal disruptions caused, for example, by endocrine imbalance, menopause, or occurring as a result of natural hormonal changes during puberty, during pregnancy.

The personal characteristics of an individual also often influence the possibility of the occurrence of this disease. So, for example, a suspicious person prone to increased anxiety more often suffers from the described pathology than individuals who have a more stable psyche. In subjects with such a set of psycho-emotional characteristics, the risk of acquiring dystonia increases due to stress, mental fatigue, and nervous exhaustion.

A sedentary existence is considered another condition leading to the formation of the imbalance in question. Individuals who have suffered from physical inactivity since childhood are predisposed to all sorts of ailments due to the frailty and instability of the body to various external influences. The infectious process occurring in the organ weakens it, which increases the susceptibility of this organ to the occurrence of other ailments, including the disease described. In addition, infectious foci can be located in segments of the autonomic system, destroying nerve fibers, infringing neurons and individual nodes. This is a prerequisite for the formation of vegetative-vascular dystonia in children.

Infringement of nerve fibers due to osteochondrosis, starting in the cervical segment, leads to a defect in nervous regulation, in particular, to disruption of the functioning of the nodes of the ganglion system, localized in the cervical segment of the brain and responsible for the performance of the myocardium and central capillaries.

In addition to the above-mentioned defects in the functioning of organs, vegetative-vascular dystonia can be caused by the following ailments: pancreatitis, atherosclerosis, allergies, peptic ulcers, occupational illnesses, injuries of the skull or spine, nervous degenerations, mental disorders, concussion.

The etiological factor of the disease in question is not always the presence of organic or physiological disorders. The risk of developing the condition in question increases significantly in individuals who are constantly in an unfavorable emotional environment (confrontations in family relationships, unhealthy microclimate at work, persistent intense emotional or intellectual stress, harmful working conditions). All of the above is an excellent basis for the formation of the analyzed state.

Symptoms of vegetative-vascular dystonia

Many subjects today are familiar with the concept in question. Often, for various disorders, you can see this diagnosis in the patient’s medical record. But most people lack a true understanding of vegetative-vascular dystonia.

First of all, you need to realize that this disorder is not an independent illness. The described imbalance is considered a secondary manifestation of various disorders and defects in the normal functioning of the capillary system, which inevitably leads to insufficient oxygen supply to the tissues.

Vegetative-vascular dystonia is also called myocardial or neurocirculatory dystonia. The disease in question can be classified as a defect in cerebral circulation. Its symptoms are determined by the state of the autonomous system, which is responsible for the balance of homeostasis, regulating body temperature, acid-base constancy, sugar concentration, and blood pressure. Responsible for the above indicators, the autonomous system contributes to the individual’s rapid response to external transformations and the influence of stimuli. It is thanks to the presence of the function of regulating the immutability of the internal environment (control over vegetative reactions) that the human subject adapts to external changes.

Symptoms of vegetative-vascular dystonia in adults are often quite diverse and can imitate other severe disorders. However, more often the symptoms are represented by the following syndromes.

Cardialgic syndrome is represented by the appearance of a feeling of discomfort in the myocardium or in the retrosternal space, a burning sensation and algia. The described manifestations are not caused by physical overexertion and often occur at rest.

Symptoms from the myocardium and capillary system are expressed by disturbances in myocardial rhythm (tachycardia or slowing of the rhythm), fluctuations in blood pressure, inadequate response of peripheral capillaries (pallor of the dermis, marbling of the skin, chilliness of the extremities).

Sweating disorder syndrome is manifested by increased sweat production in the palms and feet.

Hyperventilation syndrome is expressed by an increase in respiratory rate, which is characterized by difficulty in inhaling and a feeling of lack of air.

Dysfunction of the digestive system is detected in algia, localized in the lower segments of the abdomen, bloating, and stool instability. In addition, digestive disorders may occur, which is manifested in loss of appetite, nausea, and vomiting.

Altered urinary syndrome is manifested by frequent urination, often painful, in the absence of an inflammatory process.

Violations of thermoregulation are expressed by persistent low-grade fever in the absence of deterioration in health, signs of infectious processes, or a decrease in temperature to 35°C.

The signs of vegetative-vascular dystonia described above can be paroxysmal in nature or constantly present. Prolonged progression of dystonia without adequate therapeutic intervention leads to secondary dystonia, the development of a depressive mood, the appearance of phobias and aggravation of vegetative-vascular dystonia in adults.

The above indicates that it is quite difficult to determine any specific and distinct manifestations of the dysfunction in question. Therefore, therapeutic measures and medicine for vegetative-vascular dystonia are selected purely individually, taking into account all manifestations and anamnesis. And there is no single remedy that overcomes the described violation. Since the disease in question is a complex of syndromes caused by dysfunction of the autonomous system. Most individual manifestations often confirm the presence of other pathologies that are not directly caused by dysfunction of the ganglion system or brain activity. However, taken together, against the background of vascular or cardiac manifestations, they provide grounds for diagnosing such a condition as a symptomatology of the described disorder.

The following main typical symptoms of vegetative-vascular dystonia in adults can be identified: headaches, weakness, excessive sweating, dizziness, drowsiness, increased anxiety, sharp emotional fluctuations, suspiciousness, fainting, increased myocardial contractions, temperature changes.

Types of vegetative-vascular dystonia

In order to correctly diagnose the condition described by the patient and select drugs for treatment, it is important to have information about the differences between the varieties of this condition and the accompanying symptoms.

In the first place, vegetative-vascular dystonia is characterized by the severity of its course. There are three degrees of progression: mild, moderate and severe.

People experiencing mild autonomic dysfunction practically do not feel its influence. The second and third degrees of progression can significantly complicate existence and reduce performance. The mild stage is often practically asymptomatic, as a result of which most people do not suspect that they suffer from vegetative-vascular dystonia. It is usually accompanied by intermittent and short-term headaches and some irritability, minor algias in the myocardial area, occurring in waves due to emotional excitement or physical stress. The breaks between such manifestations are characterized by duration. Exacerbations or vascular crises occur once a year or less frequently, which has virtually no effect on ability to work and daily functioning.

The average severity of dystonia is characterized by an increase in the number of manifestations and severity of symptoms. Periods of exacerbation are characterized by duration (several months), remissions are short-term. With this course, crises are quite frequent, which complicates the existence of subjects and affects their ability to work.

The most unpleasant form of the described pathology is a severe degree, characterized by the stability of symptoms, an increase in the frequency of vegetative crises and the duration of exacerbations, which often leads to a transient loss of performance.

The classification of the analyzed disorder is determined by the symptoms, as a result of which the described disorder has 4 types: hypertensive and hypotonic, mixed and cardiac. Each type is characterized by specific symptoms, depending on which the medicine for vegetative-vascular dystonia is selected. This is why proper diagnosis is extremely important. The symptoms of each are described in detail below.

The hypertensive type got its name due to its main manifestation – high blood pressure. It is worth noting that hypertension here is not the etiological factor that caused the autonomic disorder, but its consequence. The foundation for the emergence of the type of dysfunction under consideration are disorders caused by impaired trophism of organs due to dysfunction of the capillary system. This gives rise to a complex of symptoms, which includes arrhythmic disorders, an increase in blood pressure for no apparent reason and its spontaneous decline to normal limits, migraine attacks accompanied by severe algia and photophobia, shortness of breath, increased anxiety, profuse sweating, increased temperature, disturbance of dreams, trembling of the limbs, decreased appetite. Often the pressure reaches normal levels after a short rest or sleep.

Hypotensive dystonia develops when the activity of the parasympathetic division of the ganglion system predominates. The basis of its symptoms are inhibition processes. The vessels dilate, as a result of which the tone decreases. The result is a decrease in systolic pressure. The type of vegetative-vascular dystonia under consideration is characterized by an abrupt decrease in “upper” pressure. As a result, a person feels persistent fatigue and performance is significantly reduced. There is muscle weakness and drowsiness. Often, against the background of the described condition, appetite decreases, and “hungry” headaches occur, and the predisposition to fainting increases.

Cardiac autonomic dysfunction is characterized by “signals” from the myocardium: cardiac algias in the central segment of the chest, moving to the subclavian or subscapularis zone, interruptions in the heartbeat, increased or slowed heart rate. With the described condition, patients feel a lack of air and tightness in the chest area. Quite strong algias are also observed, similar to angina pectoris and accompanied by the symptoms inherent in this disease, but not threatening pathological myocardial changes in vegetative-vascular dystonia.

The considered variations of autonomic disorder can rarely be observed without admixture of other types of symptoms. More often there are manifestations, for example, of hypotensive dystonia and cardiac dystonia or a combination of other types of symptoms.

Often, manifestations of the hypertensive type are replaced by hypotensive symptoms or vice versa. The fourth type, called mixed, emerged precisely because of the high frequency of combination of manifestations of different variations of the described state.

Diagnostics

Due to the variety of symptoms, making a diagnosis often creates difficulties and forces physicians to rule out various ailments accompanied by similar symptoms. Since dystonia is a multicomplex disorder, before treating vegetative-vascular dystonia it is necessary to conduct a thorough diagnostic examination, since this disease is characterized by a variety of manifestations, often indicating other pathologies.

Diagnostic measures must begin with anamnesis. Often during the collection of anamnesis data, a generic factor in the onset of autonomic dysfunction and psychosomatic disorders is observed. In addition, the disease is often accompanied by myocardial ischemia, gastric ulcers, hyperthyroidism, bronchial asthma, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and neurodermatitis.

Children suffering from autonomic disorders often have a history of difficulties during pregnancy, connective tissue dysplasia, and the presence of recurrent focal infectious processes of an acute or chronic course. The state of the autonomous system is assessed by vegetative indicators, namely ensuring efficiency, tone, and reactivity. In order to establish the state of tone, electrocardiography is used, the individual’s complaints and the results of cardiointervalography (assessment of heart rhythms) are taken into account.

Providing activity and reactivity is studied using a pharmacological test (carried out using medications that affect the arteries and myocardial functionality) or clinoorthostatic (the response to moving the body from a horizontal to a vertical position and maintaining such a position is determined). The information obtained contributes to the assessment of the autonomic response.

Diagnosis of vegetative-vascular dystonia most often uses the following methods:

– echoencephalography (ultrasound echography);

– electroencephalogram (graphic representation of bioelectrical brain activity);

– rheovasography (study of blood circulation in the extremities), rheoencephalography (study of brain capillaries).

The listed methods help obtain a complete picture of the functioning of the central nervous system and the patient’s condition, identify intracranial hypertension and changes in the capillaries. In addition to the above, the patient also needs consultations with some specialized specialists, for example, an ophthalmologist, an endocrinologist, an ENT specialist, a neurologist, and sometimes a psychiatrist.

Since vegetative-vascular dysfunction is not a disease of a nosological variety, but represents exclusively a malfunction in the functioning of the endocrine glands and individual organs, when diagnosing this disorder, first of all, the etiological factor is studied, which should also be taken into account when prescribing targeted therapy.

Treatment of vegetative-vascular dystonia

For the described disorder, treatment measures must be comprehensive, long-term, and take into account the characteristics of the dysfunctions, the etiological factor and the individual specifics of the person. If this disorder is advanced, therapeutic measures will be lengthy.

So, how to treat vegetative-vascular dystonia? As a rule, treatment measures involve the use of non-drug regimens, which can be supplemented with sedatives.

Non-drug therapeutic interventions include:

– the maximum possible exclusion of conditions that provoke the occurrence of symptoms of the described dysfunction;

– a proportionate ratio of wakefulness and dreaming, adherence to a daily routine, including time for eight hours (at least) of night sleep;

– adequate physical exercise (morning exercises, swimming, dancing);

– hardening procedures;

– massage of the collar area and head, back massage;

– following a healthy diet (consuming fortified foods, replacing some animal fats with vegetable fats, excluding marinades, brines, and drinks containing caffeine);

– psychotherapeutic correction, focused on normalizing the patient’s attitude to current circumstances and eliminating psychological tension;

– herbal medicines;

– aromatherapy procedures.

When diagnosing vegetative-vascular dystonia, treatment and medications are prescribed exclusively by the attending physician. The therapeutic effect is focused on restoring balance in the functioning of the ganglion system. Treatment in adults is mostly symptomatic. The choice of pharmacopoeial agents is determined by the characteristics of the condition. Typically, the practice is to prescribe anxiolytics that eliminate anxiety, and psychotropic drugs aimed at relieving depressive states. In addition to these categories of drugs, drugs that lower or increase blood pressure are also used. B-group vitamin preparations and beta blockers are required.

For venous insufficiency, phlebotonics (Detralex) are used. To eliminate headaches, analgesics are used, for example, Spazmalgon; in order to reduce blood pressure, Papazol and Captopril are prescribed. The functioning of brain capillaries can be normalized with the help of Glycine, and metabolic processes in the myocardium can be improved by prescribing Riboxin.

It is also recommended to carry out general strengthening therapy, namely the use of vitamin complexes, the appointment of mineral-containing products containing zinc, selenium and magnesium. In addition to the listed drugs, the use of drugs that dilate capillaries (Cavinton), normalize sleep (Imovan) and blockers of adrenaline production (Obzidan) is recommended.

It is also necessary to include water procedures (for example, pine or turpentine baths), acupuncture, darsonvalization, electrosleep, electrophoresis in the therapeutic strategy (the choice of drug is determined by individual symptoms).

In order for therapeutic measures to lead to the desired effect, first of all, a person should change his own daily routine. Since the adequate functioning of the ganglion system is directly determined by the correct ratio of wakefulness, work and sleep.

Prevention

People suffering from the analyzed disorder need to understand the importance of preventive measures, the implementation of which will not be superfluous even for healthy subjects. It should be emphasized that the disorder in question is not capable of leading to an untimely death, since it is only a manifestation of dysfunction of the autonomous system.

Prevention of vegetative-vascular dystonia in adults and children should include components such as a balanced diet and balanced physical exercise, the ability to eliminate tension (bodily and psychological) and water procedures. In addition, it is necessary to organize the daily work and rest schedule expediently, as well as to allocate sufficient time for proper sleep.

The first position among preventive measures is occupied by physical rehabilitation, including sports exercises. The most optimal method of physical rehabilitation today is yoga. Its advantage is that it is accessible to everyone, since the exercises do not require special physical training.

The second position is given to reasonable nutrition and maintaining a diet. First of all, the diet of an individual suffering from the disease in question must be tasty and balanced. All foods used for nutrition should be enriched with minerals and vitamins, since these elements can restore the relationship between the parts of the autonomous system, support the myocardium, and contribute to the adequate functioning of the capillaries.

First of all, the patient’s nutrition must be properly organized. Preference should be given to natural products. The diet should contain tomatoes, dill, beans and sorrel. It is recommended to replace animal fats with vegetable oils. It is recommended to reduce the amount of salt, flour products and sugar consumed, and it is better to completely eliminate the intake of alcohol-containing liquids.

The third position is occupied by water procedures, among which a contrast shower is considered to be the most effective. This procedure is not capable of ridding a person of this disorder, but it is irreplaceable as a preventive measure. The effect of a contrast shower is aimed at eliminating fatigue, relieving tension, increasing capillary tone, and preventing colds. There are several rules for using the described procedure.

First of all, in the initial stages of getting acquainted with this procedure, you should not practice too large a temperature run. Water temperature indicators should differ by a maximum of 18-20°C. In addition, cold water should not fall below the threshold of 18°C, and hot water should not exceed 40°C. The temperature run can be gradually increased. During the procedure, a person should not experience any discomfort. You should start the process and finish it with cold water, pouring it first on your feet, then on your knees, gradually moving the shower higher, reaching the shoulder girdle, you need to switch to hot water and go down in the reverse order. It is recommended to start with 5 alternations, gradually increasing to 11.

The use of the above preventive procedures guarantees the rapid elimination of the described unpleasant symptoms.

The term VSD is used in their practice only by doctors from CIS countries; in the West, such a disease does not exist. In this regard, some confusion arises.

Some experts do not recognize the existence of vegetative-vascular dystonia in adults, while others, on the contrary, consider it a conditional nosological form.

The complex of symptoms and causes of dystonia are extensive, so the examination must be comprehensive and qualified. Yet, in most cases, the syndrome is not associated with any serious illness, but is a sign of functional disorders.

So what is it in simple words? Vegetative vascular dystonia is a decreased vital activity of the vessels of the circulatory system, including those associated with pinching or compression of the blood vessels supplying nutrition to the brain tissue in the area of ​​the cervical vertebra. VSD can turn the life of an adult into hell, because this disease contributes to disruption of the cardiovascular system and gastrointestinal tract, and can also provoke mental disorders.

To find out whether it is possible to get rid of vegetative-vascular dystonia forever, you need to know its symptoms and current treatment regimens, including folk remedies. It is these aspects of VSD in adults that we will consider in the article.

Classification

To date, a unified classification of VSD has not been developed. According to various authors, autonomic dysfunction differs according to a number of the following criteria:

1. Mixed type. It occurs when there is a conflict between parasympathetic and sympathetic. This looks like a struggle for leadership in the nervous system and this is also not normal.
2. Hypotonic type. If the parasympathetic nervous system significantly predominates throughout the day, the body is filled with energy, but cannot use its strength, depression, hypotension, etc. occurs.
3. Hypertensive type. If the sympathetic nervous system predominates throughout the day, a person feels palpitations, a feeling of fear, the body quickly gets tired, sleeps poorly, the parasympathetic system cannot cope, and strength is not restored.

Based on the nature of the attacks that complicate the symptoms of vegetative-vascular dystonia, sympathoadrenal, vagoinsular and mixed crises are distinguished. Mild crises are characterized by monosymptomatic manifestations, occur with pronounced vegetative changes, and last 10-15 minutes.

Crises of moderate severity have polysymptomatic manifestations, pronounced vegetative changes and last from 15 to 20 minutes. Severe crises are manifested by polysymptoms, severe vegetative disorders, hyperkinesis, convulsions, attacks lasting more than one hour and post-crisis asthenia for several days.

Causes

Why does VSD occur, and what is it? Vegetative-vascular dystonia is a disorder of the autonomic nervous system. The ANS is responsible for maintaining internal balance in the human body, influencing all organs and organ systems. Disturbances in the functioning of the ANS most often manifest themselves in the form of dysfunctions of blood circulation, digestion, and heat exchange.

In adults, the prevalence of the syndrome is high in the age group of 20-30 years, while in women manifestations of dystonia are more common than in men. In old age, the likelihood of developing VSD decreases sharply.

Among external factors, contributing to the appearance of signs of VSD, are:

• severe stress, depression;
• severe viral infection;
• exposure to electric current;
• radioactive exposure;
• excessive insolation;
• unfavorable environment;
• alcoholism, drug addiction;
• insomnia, mental fatigue;
• traumatic brain injury;
• protracted bacterial disease (for example,).

The risk group affects a fairly large number of the population:

1. Women. Oddly enough, women, by nature, are more emotional, vulnerable and receptive. Accordingly, the mental state is more easily disturbed.
2. Teenagers, pregnant women, women during menopause (sharp hormonal disruptions).
3. People whose work is closely related to travel (constant acclimatization) and a sedentary lifestyle.
4. Men and women diagnosed with cervical osteochondrosis.
5. Living in constant psycho-emotional discomfort.
6. VSD can occur in people who have suffered birth injuries, oxygen starvation, even at birth.
7. Suspicious and stressed people are also at risk.
8. People in whom the majority of family members are diagnosed with VSD (hereditary predisposition).
9. Suffering from chronic diseases.

The disease manifests itself with certain symptoms, which occur in attacks or are permanent. Moreover, the presence of constant symptoms indicates congenital instability of the nervous system.

General signs of VSD in adults

Vegetative-vascular dystonia in adults has very different symptoms depending on the weak point in the body that reacts to the stimulus.

However, most often, experts note the following signs:

• hot flashes;
• vascular spasms;
• superficial sleep;
• and even legs;
• fainting conditions;
• strong heartbeat;
• apathy and lack of strength;
• severe lack of air;
• frequent headaches and even migraines;
• in all its manifestations;
• internal trembling and various manifestations of fears;
• joint pain, regardless of and;
• cold hands at any time, even at above-zero temperatures and heat;
• neurotic deviations from overexcitability to active passivity.

These are the most characteristic signs of VSD, which adults often ignore, attributing them to individual physiological characteristics.

Symptoms of vegetative-vascular dystonia

In the case of vegetative-vascular dystonia, the symptoms are very diverse, which is due to the multifaceted influence of the ANS on the body, which regulates basic autonomic functions - breathing, blood supply, sweating, urination, digestion, etc.

In this regard, several groups of symptoms of vegetative-vascular dystonia in adults are distinguished according to the predominant disturbances in the activity of various body systems. These disorders can occur in isolation or in combination with each other:

1. In the cardiovascular system: disturbances in heart rate (fastening or stopping), fluctuations in blood pressure, pain in the left half of the chest;
2. In the respiratory system: feeling of lack of air, suffocation, shortness of breath, difficulty breathing, rapid breathing;
3. In the digestive system: nausea and gag reflex, flatulence, belching, heartburn, constipation and diarrhea;
4. In the thermo-regulatory system: chills, coldness in the extremities, increased sweating, increased temperature due to stress;
5. In the vestibular system: dizziness, lightheadedness;
6. In the genitourinary system: frequent urination, pain and itching in the genital area;
7. In the emotional sphere: anxiety, restlessness, phobias, increased fatigue, decreased performance, constant emotional stress, low mood, tearfulness, appetite and sleep disorders.

The course of vegetative-vascular dystonia can be hidden, can be permanent, or can manifest itself in paroxysms (vegetative crises). Most often, crises occur against the background of mental and physical stress, with increased emotional stress, as well as with various infectious diseases. Their duration can vary from several minutes to several hours.

Attacks of exacerbation of VSD

An attack of vegetative-vascular dystonia begins sharply, suddenly. A person suddenly experiences palpitations, increased blood pressure, pale skin, increased body temperature, and developed chills. During an attack, a person has a pronounced strong fear. After a crisis, a large amount of light-colored urine is released and severe weakness develops, including trembling in the legs and the inability to move normally. In the period after the crisis, a sharp decrease in blood pressure is possible.

In addition, exacerbation of VSD can occur in the form of a vagoinsular crisis. It is characterized by the appearance of sudden fainting, which is preceded by short-term pre-fainting phenomena (for example, darkening in the eyes, noise in the head, severe weakness, a feeling of the unreality of what is happening). Also, during an attack, a person may experience sharp and severe pain in the abdomen, an imperative desire to empty the intestines, increased motility of the digestive tract, decreased blood pressure, bradycardia, increased sweating, as well as a feeling of heat, nausea, melancholy and severe fear.

Diagnosis of VSD

To understand how to treat vegetative vascular dystonia, it is necessary not only to diagnose the disease, but also to determine the cause of its development.

Therefore, in order to correctly diagnose VSD, professionalism is required, as well as the coordination of the work of such specialists as a cardiologist, neurologist, and therapist. It is necessary to weed out other diagnoses that have similar symptoms.

To do this you will have to undergo certain examinations:

• computer electroencephalography,
• electrocardiography,
• magnetic nuclear resonance,
• vegetative tests.

Of course, the diagnosis will be prescribed based on the results of a conversation with the patient, after familiarizing himself with his complaints.

Treatment of vegetative-vascular dystonia

When vegetative-vascular dystonia is detected, treatment is carried out depending on what type of syndrome occurs; the therapeutic strategy should also take into account other existing somatic diseases.

The treatment complex includes medicinal methods of controlling VSD and non-medicinal methods, which can sometimes be very effective and even replace basic drug therapy.

Therefore, treatment with this syndrome should begin not with the use of medications, but with changes in diet and lifestyle. Must comply:

• adequate work and rest regime;
• balanced and healthy diet;
• adequate level of physical activity;
• rejection of bad habits;
• elimination of occupational hazards;
• avoiding stressful situations or developing stress resistance;
• normalization of body mass index.

The following methods also have an excellent effect on curing VSD:

• water procedures;
• reflexology;
• massotherapy.

Also, the physiotherapeutic effect will depend on the type of dysfunction of the autonomic system.

• for vagotonia, electropharesis with calcium, caffeine and mesatone is prescribed.
• for sympathicotonia - with papaverine and bromine, magnesium and aminophylline.

If these measures, which are aimed at a general strengthening effect, do not help much, then pharmaceutical drugs are prescribed. They are selected individually for each patient, starting with minimal doses and gradually increasing to the desired concentration. Particular attention is paid to getting rid of chronic foci of infection in the body, treating endocrine and other pathologies.

Drug treatment of VSD in adults

Treatment of vegetative-vascular dystonia is carried out mainly according to symptoms. It is impossible to say exactly what drugs will be prescribed for treatment; it depends on the characteristics of the case, they are selected only after examining the patient.

First of all, antidepressants and tranquilizers are prescribed. The dosage is selected based on the severity of symptoms. In addition to them, antihypertensive drugs are prescribed or, on the contrary, caffeine to raise blood pressure. B vitamins, ginseng and beta blockers are considered mandatory.

A special group in the treatment of VSD consists of nootropic drugs (such as Nootropil, Piracetam), which have the ability to improve energy processes and blood supply to the brain, increasing the brain’s resistance to oxygen starvation. These drugs activate intellectual functions and improve brain memory. However, you cannot take them on your own.

Let's consider some drugs used in the treatment of vegetative-vascular dystonia:

1. Persen. Has a calming and relaxing effect.
2. Novo-passit. The herbal drug has a pronounced sedative effect and helps in the fight against fears and anxiety.
3. Corvalol. Calms the body and helps normalize sleep. Also has a slight relaxing effect.
4. Valocormid. It has an antispasmodic, relaxing and cardiotonic (reducing the load on the heart) effect. Corrects the excitability of the nervous system.
5. Normatens. A drug that fights hypertension. The medicine also causes vasodilation and minimizes overall peripheral vascular resistance. Makes physiological sleep deeper.
6. Azafen. Eliminates anxiety, improves mood, eliminates sadness.
7. Vinpocetine. A medicine that improves cerebral circulation. Produces a vasodilating effect.

Thus, the range of drugs used to treat VSD is quite wide. This is due to the fact that, along with treatment of the underlying disease, it is necessary to carry out effective symptomatic therapy aimed at relieving the painful manifestations of VSD.

Traditional treatment of vegetative vascular dystonia

The use of traditional methods is classified depending on the type of VSD:

1. At autonomic disorders of the hypotonic type herbs such as ginseng, aralia, sandy immortelle, eleutherococcus, leuzea safflower, juniper, bearberry, Chinese lemongrass, and lingonberry are used. They are intended for improve well-being and increase blood pressure.
2. At disorders of hypertensive or mixed type herbal preparations and plants that have a calming effect are widely used: mint, valerian, sage, motherwort, peony root, lemon balm, hops. These herbs are the opposite soothe and lower blood pressure.

Vegetative vascular dystonia is primarily a disorder of the nervous system. Therefore, in most cases, treatment of VSD with folk remedies is based on taking soothing decoctions of medicinal plants with the function of normalizing blood pressure and the activity of the heart muscle.

1. Take equal quantities of calendula flowers, valerian root and rhizome, caraway fruits, motherwort, dill seeds and mix thoroughly. 1 teaspoon of the mixture per 200 ml of boiling water, let stand for two hours, filter. Use for vegetative-vascular dystonia 4-5 times, 1 tbsp. spoon a day.
2. We use 0.5 shares of juniper fruits, 0.5 shares of calamus rhizomes, 2 shares of rose hips, 2 shares of yarrow herb, 1 share of strawberry leaves, 1 share of speedwell herb, 1 share of St. John's wort herb, 1 share of chicory flowers, mix. Let's take 2 tbsp. l. collection, add 500 ml of boiling water, leave in a thermos overnight. We filter and take the infusion in 3 doses on an empty stomach.
3. Motherwort tincture. Take 40–50 drops 3–4 times a day. In terms of effectiveness, this drug surpasses even valerian tincture. It relieves pain in the heart, relieves nervous shock and palpitations.
4. You need to mix 200 ml of natural Cahors, honey and freshly squeezed juices of carrots, garlic, lemon, radish and beets. Take this medicine 15 ml (tablespoon) half an hour before breakfast, lunch and dinner.
5. Crushed rhizome of valerian - 15 g, yarrow - 50 g, lemon balm - 10 g, pour 1 liter of hot water, put on low heat and boil for 20 minutes, filter. Drink a decoction for vegetative-vascular dystonia, 150 ml 3 times a day before meals.
6. 200 g dried apricots, 25 g walnuts, seedless raisins, figs - preferably dried, chop everything. Use 1 tbsp once a day. spoon with kefir. The course of treatment is one month, take a break for 1 week and repeat. The mixture is useful for vegetative-vascular dystonia and also has taste qualities.
7. Pour one glass of dill seed and 10 g of crushed dry valerian root into 1 liter of boiling water in a thermos, let it sit for two days, filter, then add 50 g of honey, strain. Drink 2 tbsp. spoons before meals.

Healing herbs do not cause dependence or addiction; they can be taken for a long time. They have a mild healing effect on the body; in addition, it is possible to quickly determine whether they are suitable for treatment in each particular case. However, before you start taking folk remedies, you should check with your doctor for any contraindications.

Physiotherapy

Physiotherapeutic treatment methods for this autonomic disorder include:

• electrosleep;
• electrophoresis;
• inductothermy;
• darsonvalization;
• galvanization;
• laser therapy;
• magnetic therapy;
• aeroionotherapy.

Physiotherapy in the treatment of vegetative-vascular dystonia is aimed at regulating vascular tone, normalizing metabolism and eliminating pain. The nature, systematicity and intensity of the procedures are selected by the doctor in accordance with the characteristics of the disease.

Massage

Massage for vegetative neurosis should be carried out in accordance with the type of disease. For the hypertensive type, massage of the collar area, legs, and abdomen is recommended. Impact techniques along with beating should be excluded.

For hypotensive vegetative-vascular dystonia, acupressure and general massage are performed using elements such as stroking, rubbing, kneading, and vibration. Massage helps to normalize the functionality of the nervous system, eliminate headaches, and improve the patient’s sleep.

Physical exercise

Daily walks in the fresh air and moderate exercise bring relief from the condition. It is especially good to visit the pool regularly; swimming is recommended by all doctors. Skiing in the winter forest, hiking - anything that gives sufficient stress to the muscles and brings joy.

The latter is especially important. Classes must be enjoyable. You can learn belly dancing or Latin dance. Movement to music and live communication are an excellent cure for depression.

Prevention of VSD: how to avoid crises

These preventive measures will help avoid crises that can occur in people suffering from VSD.

First of all, this concerns compliance with certain rules:

1. Rational balanced diet with no junk food(salty, spicy, fried, flour, sweet, fast food, etc.);
2. A good night's rest(sleep should last at least 8 hours in a well-ventilated area);
3. Playing sports (required: 10-15-minute morning exercises and visiting the sports section 2-3 times a week);
4. Daily 1-2 hours walks in the open air;
5. Harmonization work activity and rest;
6. Refusal bad habits.

Thus, vegetative-vascular dystonia is a disease that does not pose a threat to human life, but at the same time significantly reduces its quality. The presence of any signs of VSD is a reason to consult a specialist. After all, only timely and correct treatment guarantees an improvement in the condition, thereby increasing the chances of getting rid of VSD forever.

The diagnosis of vegetative-vascular dystonia (VSD) is perceived by many as something insignificant - complaints of weakness and dizziness are misleading. The result is ignoring these symptoms and lack of qualified medical care. Meanwhile, doctors insist that vegetative-vascular dystonia is a serious disorder in the functioning of the body; it is a malfunction in the functioning of all body systems. First of all, the autonomic nervous system suffers - it is responsible for the regulation of blood pressure, the functioning of the respiratory tract, the production of hormones, the activity of the genitourinary system, and in general the normal rhythm of human life depends on the work of the autonomic nervous system. It is necessary not only to know what vegetative-vascular dystonia is, but also to diagnose it in time and receive adequate treatment.

Types of VSD

All characteristic symptoms of vegetative-vascular dystonia are associated primarily with pathological changes in the blood vessels. The classification of the disease in question will depend on the tone they are in.

VSD – hypertensive type

This type is characterized by high vascular tone, high blood pressure, and patients complain of rapid heartbeat, hot flashes, and fatigue.

VSD – hypotonic type

In this case, manifestations of vegetative-vascular dystonia will be associated with low vascular tone - patients are diagnosed with low blood pressure. Characteristics of vegetative-vascular dystonia of the hypotonic type are general weakness, darkening of the eyes, fainting, sudden changes in blood pressure, the lower/upper extremities are almost always cold.

VSD – mixed type

This development of the disease in question is characterized by instability and variability of vascular tone. And the blood pressure readings will not have a clear indication - they either become too high, or suddenly drop to a possible minimum. Doctors say that if a patient is diagnosed with VSD of a mixed type, then one must be prepared for the appearance of symptoms characteristic of both the hypotonic type of the disease and the hypertensive one.

VSD – cardiac type

This type of disease in question can be diagnosed in patients who complain of severe symptoms. They do not have any specific character, they can be aching and pulsating, and there is often a feeling of disturbances in the heartbeat. Moreover, such periodically occurring pain in the heart area does not worsen the general health of a person, and a full examination excludes the development of heart pathology.

VSD – vagotonic type

Always accompanied by disturbances in the functioning of the respiratory system. Against the background of difficulty breathing and the inability to take a full breath, the patient begins to experience a decrease in blood pressure.

The true causes of the disease in question have not yet been clarified, but doctors identify several factors that may well be provoking factors. These include:

• heredity - vegetative-vascular dystonia in this case will develop in early childhood, but it remains at an older age;
• some somatic diseases of a chronic nature - for example, pathologies of the endocrine, digestive, cardiovascular systems;
• diseases of the peripheral and/or central nervous system;
• chronic;
• exposure and .

According to statistics, vegetative-vascular dystonia most often develops against the background, and the only manifestation may be symptoms (of a classic acute respiratory viral infection). If we consider the mechanism of development of the disease in question against the background of neurosis, then we can meet several points:

1. A person is experiencing severe stress; this condition is especially dangerous against the background of psychological exhaustion or overstrain.
2. The body (in particular, the brain) is not able to cope with this situation and the psyche simply “hides” the problem.
3. But a signal to the brain about the pathology has already been received, and it begins to manifest a problem, affecting specifically the internal organs - a person may suddenly experience pain in the stomach or heart, and the like.

Doctors say that this condition can be caused by regular stress, the inability/inability to express one’s feelings in words, a person’s isolation, and deep experiences in solitude. The condition also worsens due to the use of alcoholic beverages, smoking, and emotional instability.

The disease in question can manifest itself in different ways - medicine has identified and described several syndromes, which are considered signs of vegetative-vascular dystonia.

Hyperventilation syndrome

This syndrome is intense and is characterized by rapid breathing, breath holding and shortness of breath. Patients will experience a feeling of shortness of breath; when inhaling, a false spasm of the larynx occurs - the person thinks that he is beginning to suffocate. And such a state inevitably leads to a panic attack - absolutely everyone is afraid of death. With hyperventilation syndrome, pathological changes occur even in the blood - it loses too much oxygen, which leads to depression of respiratory activity. The result is:

• loss of sensation around the mouth and nose;
• decreased sensitivity in the feet and hands;
• muscle spasms without specific localization;
• dizziness.

Sweating disorder

With vegetative-vascular dystonia, the majority of patients (up to 89%) complain of increased sweating. This syndrome manifests itself during attacks - the palms sweat, beads of sweat appear on the forehead and all over the face; during periods without attacks, the sweating process is not disturbed.

Cardiovascular syndrome (cardiovascular)

This syndrome manifests itself in different ways for the disease in question - it can be intense and weak. But in any case, patients will complain of cardiac arrhythmias (rapid or slow heartbeat), sudden changes in blood pressure. Often, with cardiovascular syndrome, there is chilliness of the bones and feet, pronounced pallor of the skin (“marbling”), and hot flashes (they imitate menopause in women). In some cases, vegetative-vascular dystonia is manifested by cardialgic syndrome - for it there will be characters:

• pain in the heart area of ​​​​various types - aching, sharp, pulsating;
• discomfort in the area of ​​the anatomical location of the heart - they are difficult to describe from the patient himself.

Note:Such symptoms are also characteristic of angina pectoris, but it is easy to differentiate these two different diseases - cardialgia syndrome with angina pectoris occurs exclusively after physical activity, and when taking nitroglycerin, everything goes away within a few minutes. With vegetative-vascular dystonia, the same syndrome occurs in absolute rest, and nitroglycerin does not give the expected effect.

Cystalgia

Manifested by frequent urination. Moreover, patients do not associate this condition with drinking too much liquid, and doctors do not detect any disturbances in the functioning of the kidneys and urinary system.

Vegetative-vascular dystonia can make itself felt in the abdomen (aching, spastic discomfort), and stool disturbances, and false urges to defecate. But in some patients, against the background of the progression of the disease in question, slightly other signs of a digestive system disorder may appear. These include:

• loss of appetite - interest in food may either completely disappear, or, conversely, gluttony may begin;
• and vomiting that occurs immediately after eating food;
• the act of swallowing is impaired - it is difficult for the patient to even take a sip of water;
• mild pain in the epigastric region or “in the pit of the stomach.”

Note:with such manifestations of vegetative-vascular dystonia, the patient must exclude somatic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract - for example, ulcerative /.

Thermoregulation syndrome

We are talking about unstable body temperature - the patient periodically experiences chilliness, he feels cold even in a warm room. Some patients, on the contrary, note a spontaneous increase in temperature - this condition is well tolerated, characteristic weakness/drowsiness/headaches for respiratory viral or inflammatory diseases are absent. Note:Sometimes doctors record different body temperatures in the left and right armpits. This condition is more common with the development of vegetative-vascular dystonia in childhood.

Sexual disorders

Men experience impaired potency, women complain of a lack of orgasms and decreased sexual activity. But against this background, sexual attraction to the opposite sex does not disappear anywhere. In general, all of the listed symptoms characteristic of vegetative-vascular dystonia cannot appear simultaneously and in any type of disease. To know what type of VSD specific symptoms correspond to, we recommend that you familiarize yourself with the table:

This is another syndrome that will be a characteristic symptom of vegetative-vascular dystonia. A person experiences severe fright, a feeling of approaching anxiety, and a wave of fear covers him. At the same time, the body sends signals about danger, but it does not provide options for solving the problem. Therefore, the patient experiences a strong fear of death, it seems to him that his heart stops, his breathing takes away. It is noteworthy that literally after 10-15 minutes the panic attack against the background of VSD passes, and the person’s condition returns to normal.

When a person seeks medical help with complaints about the above conditions, the specialist must rule out any somatic disease - this is done first. This means that the patient will have to undergo a complete examination of the body - from / / feces to. The next step is a visit to a neuropsychiatrist. Only such a narrow specialist can work efficiently with the patient and identify the reasons that provoked the development of the condition in question. And in this case, you should not be embarrassed, ashamed and ignore visiting a neuropsychiatrist. Firstly, this is far from a psychiatrist and he does not treat exclusively mental patients. And secondly, without finding out the causes of this condition, it will not be possible to carry out adequate, effective therapy.

There is no specific drug treatment for the disease in question - everything is selected exclusively on an individual basis. Psychoneurologists will help the patient understand their internal problems, correct the body’s reaction to the release of adrenaline or insulin, and the inappropriate behavior of all organs and systems. But besides this, the following recommendations will be given:

Note:in particularly severe cases, the doctor may prescribe certain medications to stabilize the condition - these could be antidepressants,. But such prescriptions should only be made by a specialist based on an examination of the patient and confirmation of the diagnosis - you cannot use even the simplest drugs, for example, valerian, on your own.

Features of the treatment of vegetative-vascular dystonia

The disease in question takes a very long time to be treated - you need to be prepared for the fact that you will have to attend physical procedures for years, maintain an absolutely healthy lifestyle, and periodically undergo drug therapy. But it cannot be said that this rule is suitable for absolutely all patients with vegetative-vascular dystonia - some return to normal after several sessions with a neuropsychiatrist, while others are forced to constantly struggle with the manifestations of the disease.

The site provides reference information. Adequate diagnosis and treatment of the disease is possible under the supervision of a conscientious doctor. Any drugs have contraindications. Consultation with a specialist is required, as well as detailed study of the instructions!

Vegetative-vascular dystonia is a symptom complex that includes many different symptoms of various etiologies. The most common synonyms for this disease are vegetative neurosis, neurocirculatory dystonia and autonomic dysfunction syndrome. In the clinical picture of vegetative-vascular dystonia, there are more than a hundred different symptoms, the main cause of which is dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system.

Vegetative-vascular dystonia syndrome is a very common pathology. It is diagnosed in 60–70 percent of cases in adults and in 10–15 percent in children and adolescents. In 98 percent, patients complain of pain in the heart and palpitations, in 96 percent of weakness and malaise, and in 90 percent of headaches. In addition to physical symptoms, neurotic disorders such as restlessness and anxiety are also observed ( 85 – 90 percent), decreased mood ( 90 – 95 percent). There are also sleep disorders in 80 percent and respiratory disorders in 85 percent. Every second person complains of cold extremities and chilliness in them, every third person complains of abdominal pain and every fourth person complains of hot flashes. 30 percent of men experience a decrease in libido that is not associated with any organic damage.

Interesting facts about vegetative-vascular dystonia

Such a diagnosis as vegetative-vascular dystonia exists mainly only in the CIS countries. Currently, this diagnosis has the status of a “myth”, since it is not recognized by many specialists and does not exist in the international classification of diseases.

The diagnosis of vegetative neurosis is universal - many symptoms and syndromes fit it. Thus, to date, 150 symptoms and 40 syndromes of this disease have been described. This explains the fact that vegetative-vascular dystonia has the features of many diseases. That is why this diagnosis is made in excess. Sometimes the patient literally “everything” hurts, which makes vegetative neurosis syndrome especially “convenient” in such cases. Also, very often this pathology is diagnosed when no other reasons for the patient’s complaints have been found.

At the same time, despite the abundance of symptoms, there are no uniform criteria for this diagnosis, nor a consensus on the mechanism of its causes. Academician Wayne believed that the cause of dystonia is acute or chronic stress. This is confirmed by the high effectiveness of the psychotherapeutic approach in the treatment of this disease.

In Western countries, this syndrome is more often part of a somatoform ( bodily) cardiac dysfunction or psychovegetative syndrome. This syndrome is observed in panic disorders, neuroses, phobias and post-traumatic disorders.

As a result of many years of research, based on the doctrine of bioregulation, domestic scientists have developed a new class of medicines - cytamines. Cytamines contain regulatory peptides - substances that regulate intracellular processes and ensure the normal functioning of organs and tissues. A specific set of peptides is suitable for each organ. To solve the problem of vegetative-vascular dystonia, a vascular bioregulator – Vasalamin – has been developed. The drug helps normalize the condition of the vascular system and helps improve blood microcirculation in organs and tissues.

What is the autonomic nervous system?

The autonomic nervous system is the structure that regulates most processes in the body. The main task of the autonomic nervous system is to regulate the vital processes of organs. With the help of this system, the work of organs is coordinated with each other and adapts to the needs of the body. For example, with its help, the body’s heat exchange, heart rate and breathing rate are regulated when the temperature rises or falls. Like the central nervous system, the autonomic system consists of a huge number of neurons. A neuron is a cell that is complex in structure and function, in which a body and processes are distinguished. Neuron processes ( axon and dendrites) form nerve fibers, which in the periphery, after exiting the brain, end in nerve endings.

There are practically no pathologies in the development of which the autonomic nervous system does not take part. In turn, it contains the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.

Sympathetic nervous system

The sympathetic division is represented by a set of neurons that are located in the thoracic and lumbar spinal cord, as well as a paired sympathetic nerve trunk.

The processes of neurons that are located in the spinal cord go to the sympathetic nerve trunk, which is located on both sides of the spine. It, being an important structure of this department, consists of 23 nodes, including 3 cervical nodes, 12 thoracic, 4 abdominal and 4 pelvic. Interrupting at the nodes of the trunk, the fibers of the neurons leave it and go to those organs and tissues that subsequently innervate. Thus, the fibers that are interrupted in the cervical nodes innervate the tissues of the neck and face, and those in the thoracic nodes go to the heart, lungs and other organs of the chest cavity. From the abdominal nodes, fibers approach the kidneys and intestines, and from the pelvic nodes - to the pelvic organs ( bladder, rectum). In addition to organs, fibers of the sympathetic nervous system innervate blood vessels, sweat and sebaceous glands, and skin.

Thus, the autonomic nervous system directly or indirectly regulates all internal organs.

Effects of the sympathetic nervous system on the organs it innervates

An important function of the sympathetic nervous system is to maintain vascular tone. The sympathetic division of the nervous system influences small and medium-sized vessels, thus creating vascular resistance. Also, this part of the autonomic nervous system interacts with the adrenal glands and their hormones.

Parasympathetic nervous system

This division is also part of the autonomic nervous system, which works in conjunction with the sympathetic nervous system. The effects of the parasympathetic nervous system are completely opposite to the sympathetic system.

The neurons of the parasympathetic nervous system are located in the spinal cord at the level of the sacrum ( peripheral part of the system) and in the brain ( central department). At the level of the brain, neurons are grouped into so-called autonomic nuclei. These nuclei are either part of other cranial nuclei or exist separately. Fibers from the nuclei of the parasympathetic nervous system go as part of the cranial nerves to various organs. Thus, fibers from the Edinger-Westphal nucleus go as part of the oculomotor nerve to the muscles of the eyeball and the pupil, as part of the facial nerve - to the salivary glands, as part of the vagus nerve - to the internal organs.

Effects of the parasympathetic nervous system on the organs it innervates

The main effects of the parasympathetic department affect the activity of the heart muscle. It reduces the excitability and contractility of the heart, reducing its heart rate especially at night, since it is most active at this time of day.

In its natural state, parts of the autonomic nervous system are in constant tension, called “tone.” The predominance of parasympathetic tone is called vagotonia, while the dominance of sympathetic effects is called sympathicotonia. Based on this, all people can be divided into vagotonics and sympathotonics.

Despite the opposing effects of these parts of the nervous system, they are normally in a “balanced” state. If necessary, the body activates one or another mechanism. Thus, excitement and fear are accompanied by activation of the sympathetic nervous system with a further increase in blood pressure, the release of stress hormones, and the production of cold, viscous sweat. With vegetative-vascular dystonia, the synchronicity of the work of these parts of the nervous system is disrupted. The work of the autonomic nervous system ( whether sympathetic or parasympathetic) gets out of control and begins to work regardless of the needs of the body. Thus, increased sweating can be observed almost constantly, regardless of the presence of stress or elevated air temperature.

In the clinical picture of vegetative-vascular dystonia, a predominance of the parasympathetic or sympathetic system can be observed. But, at the same time, combined syndromes can be observed.

The term "dystonia" refers to a lack of balance in the functioning of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. There are many reasons for this imbalance, including chronic infections, hormonal imbalance in the body, mental stress and others. However, many experts believe that the main reason for the failure of these systems is emotional stress.

The causes of the development of vegetative-vascular dystonia are:

• hereditary predisposition;
• acute or chronic stress;
• climate change;
• neurological and somatic ( bodily) pathology;
• hormonal changes in the body;
• mental illness.

Hereditary predisposition

With a hereditary predisposition to vegetative-vascular dystonia, it is not so much certain genes that are taken into account, but rather a certain human temperament. If a parent with a certain emotional constitution suffers from vegetative neurosis, then there is a high probability that the child, having inherited the same character traits, will also suffer from vegetative-vascular dystonia. Therefore, children with a labile psyche, in whom excitation processes predominate over inhibition processes, are at risk.

However, in addition to certain character traits that an individual inherits, the family atmosphere, upbringing and environment play a big role. A child, being in constant tension, even without a hereditary predisposition, can already show symptoms of vegetative neurosis from a young age.

Some experts even identify vegetative-vascular dystonia of a hereditary-constitutional nature. This type of dystonia manifests itself in adolescence and is characterized by unstable autonomic parameters.

Acute or chronic stress

Activation of the autonomic nervous system in response to a stressful situation is an adequate physiological reaction of the body. Thus, in response to a “threat,” the sympathetic nervous system activates the release of stress hormones ( adrenaline and norepinephrine), which stimulate the cardiac system. However, an inadequate and prolonged reaction from the autonomic nervous system against a background of tension forms the basis of the symptoms of dystonia. At the same time, the physiological reaction of the autonomic system seems to be delayed and hypertrophied. Symptoms of periods of stress are observed constantly and in abundance. For example, stress hyperhidrosis ( cold clammy sweat during stress) can be observed invariably in the patient. Continuous stimulation of the adrenal glands and the resulting release of adrenaline leads to an increase in the tone of the sympathetic nervous system. Patients are emotionally labile, quick-tempered and irritable. All this leads to exhaustion of the body. If parasympathetic activation predominates, then the patients are hypochondriacal and emotionally unstable.

Climate change

Climate change can also be classified as a stressful cause. But, at the same time, in addition to emotional stress, the body also undergoes changes. These changes are associated with adaptation of the body. Thus, the autonomic nervous system begins to adapt the functioning of organs to the new temperature and humidity. Against the background of stress, the restructuring of the body acquires pronounced features, as a result of which the regulation of the autonomic nervous system is upset.

Neurological and somatic ( bodily) pathology

For many neurological and physical ( most often these are heart pathologies) diseases, so-called psychovegetative syndromes are formed. The name of the syndrome reflects its essence - activation of vegetative effects ( increased sweating, salivation, heart rate) in this case is associated with mental stress.

The condition for the development of psychovegetative syndrome is the presence of pain due to any pathology. Thus, pain in the heart that occurs once is recorded by a person and interpreted by the body as a threat. In response to this, stress mechanisms are activated in the body, for which the sympathetic system is responsible. Further fixation of the patient’s feelings about his illness and its outcome leads to overstrain of the autonomic nervous system. An imbalance between both parts of the autonomic nervous system leads to the development of dystonia. Combined variants may also be observed, in which vagotonia may be replaced by severe sympathicotonia.

Hormonal changes in the body

Body changes that can cause vegetative-vascular dystonia include puberty and menopause. During puberty, due to changes in hormonal levels, new relationships are formed between the autonomic system and the hormonal system. These changes adapt organs and organ systems to new changes in the body. Thus, the autonomic system adapts the cardiovascular system to new body parameters, namely growth and weight gain. Thus, a gap is created between the previous vascular supply and new physical parameters. Because of this, during puberty, fluctuations in blood pressure, fainting and other manifestations of dystonia are observed.

Vegetative changes during menopause are also caused by changes in hormonal levels. A decrease in estrogen levels is accompanied by hot flashes and fluctuations in blood pressure.

Mental illness

Most often, vegetative-vascular dystonia is observed in neurotic disorders. It can be part of diseases such as neuroses, anxiety and hypochondriacal disorders ( including panic attacks). Symptoms of vegetative-vascular dystonia make up the clinical picture of various forms of depression.

Under the influence of stress factors, vegetative-vascular dystonia can occur even in harmonious and emotionally stable individuals. However, it most often occurs in accentuated individuals. As a rule, these are anxious and excitable personality types.

Symptoms of vegetative-vascular dystonia

In the clinic of vegetative-vascular dystonia, there are a huge number of symptoms. Depending on the system in which they manifest themselves, they are divided into syndromes.

Syndromes and symptoms of vegetative-vascular dystonia are:

• cardiac dysfunction syndrome;
• respiratory syndrome;
• asthenic syndrome ( or exhaustion);
• thermoregulation disorders;
• fainting conditions;
• neurotic disorders.

Cardiac dysfunction syndrome

It is the most common syndrome in vegetative-vascular dystonia. Most often it manifests itself as pain in the heart area, interruptions in its activity and fluctuations in blood pressure. All these symptoms usually appear at the peak of anxiety, stress or overwork. Their expression is very individual. The pain can be moderate or unbearable. They can be stabbing, aching, cutting or squeezing. The pain syndrome can simulate angina pectoris or acute myocardial infarction.

In addition to pain, patients with vegetative-vascular dystonia may experience fluctuations in blood pressure. In this case, a person’s blood pressure may rise sharply and also drop sharply. This phenomenon is called a vegetative crisis. Its origin is associated with a sharp and short-term activation of the sympathetic nervous system. It stimulates the receptors of blood vessels, causing them to sharply spasm.

Very often this phenomenon is accompanied by the release of cold, sticky sweat ( vegetative hyperhidrosis). Since the sweat glands are innervated by the sympathetic nervous system, its activation leads to an increase in their secretion.

Respiratory syndrome

This syndrome includes rapid and shallow breathing, a feeling of difficulty breathing and lack of air. These symptoms, like all with vegetative neurosis, are observed at the height of excitement. In people with a hysterical personality type, they can reach the level of suffocation and are accompanied by a feeling of a “lump in the throat.” In less pronounced forms, respiratory disorders acquire the character of mild discomfort and are accompanied by convulsive ( "dreary") sighs. Patients constantly feel the need for air, so to speak, for an “extra breath.” Due to dissatisfaction with their breathing, they keep the windows constantly open and feel the need to constantly be in the fresh air.

Asthenic syndrome

This syndrome is characterized by physical and emotional exhaustion. It is observed in almost all patients. It manifests itself as weakness, fatigue, and poor productivity. Constant fatigue is the cause of low mood.

Children and adolescents experience a decline in intellectual function. At the same time, the decline in academic performance is not due to any brain damage, but due to the inability to concentrate and absent-mindedness. Children are quick-tempered, irritable, and do not tolerate stress well.

Thermoregulation disorders

The nature of thermoregulation disorders depends on the type of vegetative-vascular dystonia. When the influence of the sympathetic nervous system predominates, patients tolerate heat very poorly, but tolerate cold satisfactorily. Their limbs are always cold, but not wet. When parasympathetic tone predominates, patients, on the contrary, tolerate heat satisfactorily and cold poorly. Their hands are warm and moist. There is also abundant secretion of sebum. They are constantly cold and chilly and prefer to dress warmer.

Very often, patients with vegetative-vascular dystonia experience low-grade fever ( 37 degrees Celsius). At the same time, fluctuations in body temperature are also observed from 36.7 to 37.1 degrees Celsius. It is important to note that this fever does not respond to anti-inflammatories, antibiotics, or other medications.

Fainting conditions

Fainting is most common among teenagers - both boys and girls. Most often, these conditions develop when the body position changes, namely when moving from a horizontal to a vertical position. This phenomenon is called orthostatic hypotension. It is associated with a slow redistribution of vascular blood flow to the lower extremities. The pressure drops sharply, and the patient loses consciousness for a short period. Also, fainting can occur with sudden fear or strong emotions.

Neurotic disorders

Research shows that every second patient with vegetative-vascular dystonia experiences certain neurotic disorders. As a rule, these are anxiety or depressive disorders. In the first case, patients experience panic attacks, which are accompanied by fear and anxiety. There is a fear of dying, suffocating, not waking up. If these attacks are repeated frequently, an anxiety disorder develops. At the same time, patients are always anxious, suspicious, and restless. They have difficulty sleeping at night, often wake up in the middle of the night and have difficulty falling asleep.

In one fourth of cases, vegetative-vascular dystonia is complicated by the development of depression. This may be anxiety or hypochondriacal depression. In patients, depressed mood and its fluctuations throughout the day come to the fore. With hypochondriacal disorder, the patient is constantly busy with his health. He is overcome by fears about the outcome of the disease. As a rule, people suffering from vegetative-vascular dystonia constantly visit doctors, each time overwhelming them with new complaints. They constantly measure temperature, pressure, pulse, and also look for new methods of treatment.

Drug treatment of vegetative-vascular dystonia

Treatment of vegetative-vascular dystonia mainly comes down to normalizing the emotional background. Particular attention is paid to the patient's mental status. If depressive conditions dominate in the clinic, then antidepressants are prescribed; if anxiety conditions are present, then anti-anxiety medications are prescribed. At the same time, the symptoms of dystonia are eliminated. If arterial hypertension is pronounced, then antihypertensive drugs are prescribed; if there is insomnia, then sleeping pills; if autonomic crises develop, then vascular tone stabilizers and ganglion blockers are prescribed.


Groups of drugs used for vegetative-vascular dystonia:

• sedatives;
• medications that affect the cardiovascular system;
• anti-anxiety drugs and antidepressants.

Drugs used in the treatment of vegetative-vascular dystonia

Sanatorium-resort treatment of vegetative-vascular dystonia

Assistance to patients with vegetative-vascular dystonia during sanatorium-resort treatment is carried out on the basis of the integrated use of natural healing resources, physiotherapeutic and medicinal methods. The most effective stay in sanatoriums is during the period of remission ( relief of symptoms) diseases.

For this disease, it is favorable to visit sanatoriums and resorts located within the climatic zone in which the patient lives permanently, because a sharp change in climate and natural conditions can cause stress and exacerbation of the disease. It has been established that when changing time zones for more than 3 hours, desynchronosis develops in the body ( jet lag). This condition manifests itself as a sleep disorder and a general deterioration in the patient’s well-being. Also, a sharp inversion ( reverse) change of seasons. Thus, choosing a sanatorium in a southern country with summer conditions in the fall, the patient risks exacerbating the disease.

• climatic;
• balneological;
• mud therapy

Climatic resorts

The biological impact of climate calms the nervous system and normalizes the functions of vital systems of the body. The most useful types of climatic resorts for vegetative-vascular dystonia are those located in coastal and mountainous areas.

Spa treatment in coastal areas
The healing effect of visiting medical institutions located in coastal areas lies in the healing effects of sea water and air on the body.

Sea air does not contain dust and is saturated with a large number of useful elements. Under the influence of air, metabolism accelerates and the functioning of the circulatory system is activated. Bromine, which is present in large quantities in sea air, strengthens the body’s nervous system and helps normalize the emotional background. Sea water is a source of elements that have a healing effect on patients with vegetative-vascular dystonia.

Substances that are part of sea water and help cure this disease are:

• calcium – normalizes sleep and helps fight depression;
• magnesium – helps fight irritability and nervousness;
• bromine – has a beneficial effect on the nervous system;
• manganese – strengthens the immune system;
• selenium – improves the functioning of the heart and blood vessels;
• iodine – normalizes the functioning of the brain and immune system.

The effects that swimming in sea water has on the body are:

• chemical – useful elements contribute to achieving a healing effect;
• mechanical - the pressure of a large mass of water when swimming is a hydromassage, which helps improve blood circulation;
• physiological - the temperature difference between sea water and the human body helps to increase heat transfer, due to which metabolic processes in the body intensify;
• psychotherapeutic – waves and gentle rocking of water have a calming effect on a person.

Climate treatment in mountain sanatoriums
The mountain climate is characterized by clean air with low oxygen content. Once in the body, such air improves the functionality of the circulatory system. The positive effect of mountain air masses is also due to the large number of negative ions in their composition. The climate in the mountains helps to improve blood composition and activate metabolism, which gives positive results in the treatment of this pathology. Staying outdoors calms the nervous system and has a beneficial effect on the body's immunity.

Procedures carried out at climatic resorts
The basis of treatment carried out at climatic resorts is the dosed effect on the body of climatic factors and special procedures.

The main methods of climatotherapy are:

• heliotherapy - sunbathing;
• hypoxic therapy - treatment with mountain air;
• aerotherapy - exposure to fresh air on the naked ( completely or partially) body;
• speleotherapy – visiting karst caves, grottoes, salt mines and mines;
• thalassotherapy - therapeutic procedures using algae, water and other marine products.

Balneological resorts

Balneotherapy is a combination of various water procedures based on medicinal mineral waters. The mechanism of action of treatment procedures is based on the beneficial effects of salts, gases and natural extracts found in water. Various useful elements in mineral waters help normalize the functioning of the circulatory system and improve the functionality of the nervous system. Mineral baths are selected taking into account the characteristics of the disease.

Balneotherapy methods for vegetative-vascular dystonia are:

• souls ( fan, circular, underwater, Charcot shower) – help stabilize vascular tone;
• shared and private baths ( nitrogen, coniferous, pearl, oxygen) – have a calming effect;
• contrast mineral baths – improve blood circulation.

The rules for selecting waters for procedures are:

• for hypertensive and cardiac types of disease, radon, hydrogen sulfide, iodine-bromine waters are indicated;
• for hypotensive vegetative-vascular dystonia, procedures using iodine-bromine waters are recommended;
• in case of vasomotor syndrome, the patient is shown hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide baths;
• radon and nitrogen baths help with nervous excitement;
• in case of exhaustion, carbon dioxide baths are prescribed;
• for sympathicotonia, treatment based on sulfamide waters is useful.

Mud resorts

Mud therapy includes procedures using therapeutic mud. The healing effect of such treatment is achieved due to the thermal effect and the characteristics of the chemical composition of the mud. The biologically active substances included in their composition have increased penetrating ability and, entering the body through the skin, contribute to the normal functionality of all vital systems.

• mud baths;
• local mud applications;
• mud wraps;
• the combined effects of dirt and electric current ( electrophoresis of mud).

Rehabilitation treatment

Many spa institutions, in addition to specialized treatment methods, offer additional procedures to combat this autonomic disorder.

Spa treatment methods include:

• massage ( general and point);
• reflexology;
• physical therapy;
• psychotherapy;
• physiotherapy;

Massage
Massage for vegetative neurosis should be carried out in accordance with the type of disease. For the hypertensive type, massage of the collar area, legs, and abdomen is recommended. Impact techniques along with beating should be excluded. For hypotensive vegetative-vascular dystonia, acupressure and general massage are performed using elements such as stroking, rubbing, kneading, and vibration. Massage helps to normalize the functionality of the nervous system, eliminate headaches, and improve the patient’s sleep.

Reflexology
Reflexology is the use of needles, a magnetic field, a laser or an electrical impulse on active points of the body located on the surface of the skin. Stimulation of reflex zones has a beneficial effect on the nervous system and, in combination with other methods, gives positive results in the treatment of vegetative-vascular dystonia.

Physiotherapy
Physiotherapeutic treatment methods help strengthen vascular tone, normalize blood circulation and activate the body's metabolic processes.

The most common physical procedures include:

• electrophoresis ( administering drugs through the skin using an electric current);
• electrosleep ( effects of weak electrical impulses on the brain);
• magnetotherapy ( treatment using a magnetic field);
• laser therapy ( procedures using special physiotherapeutic lasers).

Principles of psychotherapy in the treatment of vegetative-vascular dystonia
With this autonomic disorder, somatic ( bodily) disorders in the body in most cases are combined with emotional disorders. Therefore, sanatorium-resort treatment of this disease is not effective without the help of a psychologist or psychotherapist. Specialists help patients develop resilience to stress by changing their attitude towards negative events. Psychotherapeutic assistance also involves mastering relaxation and breathing control techniques, which help get rid of anxiety and control emotions.

Physiotherapy
Therapeutic exercise includes sets of exercises and physical activity, the purpose of which is to strengthen and increase the body's resistance. Exercising helps normalize blood pressure, promotes emotional release and improves the functioning of the circulatory system.

• aerobics in water;
• swimming;
• outdoor sports walking;
• skiing, skating.

When choosing exercise equipment, you should avoid equipment that involves positioning the body upside down and performing exercises upside down. The optimal solution is a treadmill, rowing machine, or bicycle ergometer.
When playing sports with vegetative-vascular dystonia, it is necessary to exclude types of loads with a large amplitude of movement of the head and body. Quickly performed exercises and those activities that involve prolonged static effort are not recommended.

Types of sports activities that are not recommended for this disease are:

• strength gymnastics;
• body-building;
• high jumps;
• somersault;
• somersaults;
• oriental martial arts.

Physical therapy exercises should begin with minimal loads, gradually increasing their pace.

Diet
A balanced diet in sanatoriums allows patients to achieve positive results in the treatment of vegetative neurosis. The menu of such institutions includes dishes that contain a sufficient amount of vitamins and other useful elements that help the body fight this disease.

The products that are emphasized in spa treatment are:

• fresh vegetables and fruits;
• porridge ( mostly buckwheat and oatmeal);
• dairy and fermented milk products;
• Fish and seafood.

Food is prepared with a minimum content of salt and spices, fatty meats and animal fats are excluded.

Duration of spa treatment

The duration of treatment in a sanatorium for a given pathology of the autonomic system is determined individually depending on the characteristics of the disease and the patient’s capabilities. The minimum period of stay in the sanatorium to achieve a healing effect is 12 days. The best option is to visit sanatoriums every year.

When starting a sanatorium-resort treatment, many patients are faced with such a factor as acclimatization ( adaptation). This phenomenon manifests itself as a short-term decrease in the intensity of work of all body systems and is explained by a change in the usual lifestyle. During the adaptation period, strong medical procedures should be avoided. It is also necessary to adhere to a regime that helps reconfigure the body. If these rules are not followed, the patient’s health condition may deteriorate to such an extent that sanatorium treatment becomes impossible.

Physiotherapy in the treatment of vegetative-vascular dystonia

Physiotherapy in the treatment of vegetative-vascular dystonia is aimed at regulating vascular tone, normalizing metabolism and eliminating pain. The nature, systematicity and intensity of the procedures are selected by the doctor in accordance with the characteristics of the disease.

Physiotherapeutic treatment methods for this autonomic disorder include:

• electrosleep;
• electrophoresis;
• darsonvalization;
• galvanization;
• laser therapy;
• magnetic therapy;
• inductothermy;
• aeroionotherapy.

Also, physiotherapeutic methods for treating this autonomic disorder are prescribed depending on the effect they have on the body.

The effects that physiotherapy produces on a patient with vegetoneurosis are:

• calming – electrosleep, electrophoresis of sedative drugs, aeroionotherapy;
• tonic – magnetic and laser therapy, inductothermy;
• vasodilator - galvanization, local darsonvalization;
• vasoconstrictor - electrophoresis of adrenaline and other adrenomimetic agents ( medications that stimulate adrenergic receptors);
• antiarrhythmic - electrophoresis of potassium chloride, lidocaine.

Electroson
The electrosleep procedure is a therapeutic sleep that occurs due to the influence of electrical current pulses on the patient’s brain. The procedure is carried out in a special room daily or every other day. The course of treatment includes from 12 to 15 exposures. Electrodes are attached to the patient's head. The frequency of impulses depends on the nature of the disorders that bother the patient. For neurotic disorders, as well as cardialgic, hypertensive and arrhythmic syndromes, the frequency of the pulse current varies from 5 to 20 Hertz.

With the hypotensive nature of the disease, the pulse frequency ranges from 10 to 40 Hertz. Begin the course of treatment with minimum values, subsequently increasing them. For any type of vegetative neurosis, the duration of the first procedure will be 30–40 minutes, and after 2–3 sessions the time is increased by 5 minutes.

Electrophoresis
Drug electrophoresis is a method of administering drugs through the skin or mucous membranes of the body using an electric current. During the procedure, a special pad moistened with a medication solution is placed on the patient’s body. A protective hydrophilic layer is fixed on top, on which the electrode is installed. Electrophoresis is prescribed in accordance with the type of vegetative-vascular dystonia.

Electrophoresis for hypertensive type of vegetoneurosis
In case of hypertensive syndrome, the procedure is carried out using the method of general exposure or on the collar area. The current strength is from 10 to 15 milliamps, the duration of exposure is 15 to 20 minutes.

Medicines that are used to perform electrophoresis for this type of disorder are:

• sodium solution ( 5 – 10 percent);
• potassium bromide ( 5 – 10 percent);
• magnesium sulfate ( 5 percent);
• aminophylline solution ( 1 percent);
• papaverine ( 2 percent);
• dibazole ( 1 percent);
• anaprilin ( 40 milligrams).

Electrophoresis for hypotensive vegetative-vascular dystonia
For this type of autonomic disorder, it is recommended to perform electrophoresis using caffeine. The duration of the procedure ranges from 10 to 20 minutes with a current strength of 5 to 7 milliamps. The systematic nature of the treatment is 15 sessions, which are carried out every other day. Also, for this type of disease, electrophoresis based on mesatone can be prescribed. If the patient suffers from insomnia and severe neurotic disorders, bromine electrophoresis on the collar area is recommended. If severe asthenia manifests itself, the patient undergoes electrophoresis using a galvanic anode collar according to Shcherbak.

Electrophoresis for cardiac dystonia
In case of autonomic disorder of the cardialgic type, electrophoresis using a solution of novocaine is prescribed ( 5 – 10 percent) and nicotinic acid. Procedures are carried out according to the principle of general exposure or the cardiac method. The second method involves placing electrodes in the heart area and between the shoulder blades.
If the patient has an arrhythmic syndrome, he is prescribed electrophoresis using panangin ( 2 percent) or anaprilin using the cardiac method.

Local darsonvalization
Darsonvalization is a medical procedure in which certain areas of the patient’s body are exposed to pulsed alternating current, the characteristics of which are low frequency, high voltage and weak strength. This procedure has a vasodilating and stimulating effect on the body.
In the cardiac form of the disease, darsonvalization in the heart area is prescribed. If you are predisposed to spasms of cerebral vessels, the current is applied to the cervical region. The course of treatment ranges from 6 to 10 sessions, which are carried out every day.

Galvanization
During galvanization, the body is exposed to direct current, which has low voltage and low power. Metal plates are applied to the patient's body, to which current is supplied from the device using a wire. To avoid damage, a protective pad made of material that absorbs water is fixed between the electrode and the skin. When the equipment is turned on, the current strength begins to increase, and towards the end of the session it decreases. The duration of the procedure depends on the specifics of the disease and can range from 10 to 30 minutes.

The effects of galvanization in the treatment of vegetative neurosis are:

• increased blood circulation;
• increased vascular permeability;
• stimulation of the nervous system;
• improvement of metabolism.

Laser therapy
Laser therapy is based on the effect of a directed light flux on the patient's body. Under the influence of the laser, capillaries expand, viscosity decreases and blood microcirculation improves. This physiotherapeutic method helps to activate the immune functions of the body and has a beneficial effect on the general tone of the patient. One of the properties of laser therapy is to increase the body's sensitivity to medications. This allows you to achieve positive treatment results in a short time using minimal doses of drugs.

Magnetic therapy
Magnetic therapy in the treatment of vegetative-vascular dystonia is a method of physically influencing the human body with a magnetic field of a constant or variable nature. The magnetic field is perceived by all systems of the body, but the nervous system is most sensitive to it. The effect of these procedures is manifested in stabilizing the emotional background of patients, improving sleep, and reducing the level of nervous tension. The magnetic field also has a beneficial effect on the cardiovascular system, which is reflected in a decrease in blood pressure and normalization of the pulse.

The effects of magnetic therapy in the treatment of this autonomic disorder are:

• activation of metabolism;
• increased peripheral vascular tone;
• improving blood circulation.

Inductothermy
Inductothermy is a treatment method in which heat is applied to the patient's body. Certain areas of the body are heated using a special device that operates on the basis of an alternating electromagnetic field. Due to eddy currents, tissues are uniformly heated to a depth of 6–8 centimeters. It should be noted that the skin and subcutaneous tissue heat up less than tissues and liquids located at greater depths. Under the influence of this method of treatment, blood circulation in the patient’s body improves, nervous excitability decreases, and the activity of immune functions is activated.

Aeroionotherapy
Aeroion therapy is a treatment method in which the patient inhales air saturated with negative ions. To carry out the procedures, special air ionizer devices for individual or collective use are used. The patient is located at a distance of a meter from the equipment and inhales air for 20–30 minutes. When undergoing a course of treatment, the duration of which is 12–14 sessions, patients experience a decrease in blood pressure, a decrease in the number of heartbeats, and normalization of sleep. In addition, after this method of physiotherapy, the intensity of headaches decreases, weakness disappears and the body’s immune processes are activated.

Contraindications for physiotherapy

The advisability of physiotherapy is determined by the attending physician and depends on the clinical picture of the disease and the general condition of the patient. There is a list of pathologies for which physiotherapy is not possible, regardless of the nature of vegetative neurosis and other factors.

Absolute contraindications for all types of physiotherapeutic procedures are:

• diseases of the cardiovascular system in the acute stage;
• malignant neoplasms;
• mental illness;
• severe blood diseases;
• tuberculosis in the active stage;
• cerebral atherosclerosis;
• hypertension ( Stage 3);
• body temperature from 38 degrees and above.

Traditional methods of treating vegetative-vascular dystonia

When treating vegetative-vascular dystonia using traditional methods, drugs must be selected in accordance with the nature of the pathology.

• agents for the treatment of hypertensive type dystonia;
• medications intended for hypotensive diseases;
• drugs for the treatment of autonomic cardiac disorders;
• folk recipes for all types of this vegetative disease;

Treatment of hypertensive dystonia with folk recipes

In the fight against this autonomic dysfunction of a hypertensive nature, it is necessary to use drugs that have a calming effect and reduce blood pressure.

• hawthorn;
• magnolia;
• mint;
• valerian;
• chokeberry;
• barberry;
• viburnum.

Hawthorn berry infusion
To prepare this medicine, you need to take 10 grams of dry hawthorn and add water. Place the vessel with the raw materials in a steam bath and heat for 15 minutes. You should make sure that the water does not boil, because this way the broth loses its healing properties. To take hawthorn infusion for vegetative neurosis, you need 15 grams of the product three times a day.

Remedy made from hawthorn berries and flowers
The components needed to make the decoction are:

• dried hawthorn flowers - half a tablespoon;
• dry hawthorn berries - half a tablespoon;
• water – 250 milliliters ( 1 glass).

The crushed plant material must be steamed with boiling water. The broth will be ready in a couple of hours. It is recommended to drink the infusion during the day.

Magnolia tincture
Magnolia leaves are used for the tincture, which must be purchased in specialized herbal stores. The crushed fresh plant should be filled with alcohol ( 96 degrees) at a rate of one to one and leave for two weeks, protecting the vessel from sunlight. The strained tincture should be taken 20 drops daily, mixed with 50 milliliters of water. The product helps to equalize blood pressure and also has a positive effect on the functionality of the body's immune systems.

Honey infusion with valerian and dill seeds
This traditional medicine helps to alleviate the patient’s condition with vegetative pathology of a hypertensive nature.

The products that you need to purchase for the infusion are:

• valerian root – 2 tablespoons;
• dill seeds – 1 cup;
• natural honey - half a glass ( 150 grams);
• water – 2 cups ( half a liter).

Dry seeds and valerian root should be poured with boiling water and left for 15 – 20 hours. The remedy is more effective if you infuse it in a thermos. After 24 hours, remove the pulp from the broth and mix with honey. You should drink honey infusion three times a day, evenly distributing the amount of the resulting drink into 6 doses.

Viburnum juice for vegetative neurosis of the hypertensive type
Juice from viburnum berries not only normalizes blood pressure, but also activates the body's protective functions, helping the patient more effectively fight the disease. To squeeze juice from viburnum, pour boiling water over the berries and lightly mash them with your hands. Place the mashed berries in gauze, folded several times and put under pressure or squeeze firmly with your palms so that the juice flows out. The freshly prepared product should be mixed with May honey in a ratio of one tablespoon per hundred milliliters of juice.

Collection of herbs for the treatment of hypertensive dystonia
You need to buy the components for this folk remedy at the pharmacy. When prepared, the herbal decoction has a short shelf life, which does not exceed 1 - 2 days. Therefore, it is worth steaming the plants daily, and storing the drink in the refrigerator during the day.

The herbal ingredients of the collection are:

• valerian root – 20 grams;
• lily of the valley flowers – 10 grams;
• hawthorn flowers – 20 grams;
• peppermint – 15 grams;
• fennel – 15 grams.

For more convenient use, dry herbs, roots and flowers should be chopped and stored in a closed container. To prepare a daily portion of the drink, you need to pour a tablespoon of raw material into a glass of hot water. Using low heat, bring the mixture to a boil, then remove the plants and take one third of a glass before meals.

Combined herbal tea
With this autonomic disorder, it is necessary to reduce the amount of tea and coffee consumed. You can replace these drinks with herbal tea, the components of which help reduce blood pressure and have a mild sedative effect.

The ingredients needed to brew tea are:

• chokeberry;
• barberry;
• black currant;
• blueberry.

Dry ingredients must be mixed in equal quantities and stored in glass containers. The fruits can be used instead of tea leaves by brewing a tablespoon of tea leaves with a glass of boiling water.

Folk remedies for the treatment of vegetative neurosis of the hypotensive type

In case of pathology of this nature, it is necessary to take medications that help raise the general tone of the body and increase blood pressure.

Plants used to treat hypotonic dystonia are:

• ginseng;
• Eleutherococcus;
• St. John's wort;
• Rhodiola rosea;
• immortelle;
• juniper;
• dandelion;
• stinging nettle;
• Chinese lemongrass.

Ginseng root tincture
Taking 25 drops of ginseng tincture three times a day can help relieve symptoms of this type of autonomic disorder. The product can be purchased ready-to-use at a pharmacy or prepared at home. To make your own tincture, you need to pour vodka into the dry, crushed plant in a one-to-one ratio. Infuse the mixture for 10–14 days, vigorously shaking the container 2–3 times a day.

Rhodiola rosea tincture
To prepare the tincture, you need to purchase Rhodiola rosea root at the pharmacy. It should be borne in mind that the leaves of this plant lower blood pressure, so the underground part of the flower is needed for the tincture. It is necessary to grind the dry rhizome in an amount of 100 grams and pour it with vodka or alcohol diluted to 40 degrees. Place the container with the composition in a place where sunlight does not penetrate, and shake it periodically throughout the week. Before use, the tincture must be made less concentrated by adding water in a ratio of 1 to 5.

Herbal tea from St. John's wort
This folk remedy has a pleasant taste, is well invigorating and has no restrictions on use. To prepare the tea mixture, place 10 parts of St. John's wort and 1 part of angelica in a hermetically sealed fireproof container. Herbs must be used fresh. Place the vessel with the raw materials in the oven and keep on low heat for 3 hours. Grind the steamed raw material and use it instead of tea leaves. To extend the shelf life of plant materials, they can be divided into portions and frozen.

Decoction with immortelle
Sandy immortelle fights fatigue, apathy and increases blood pressure. A tablespoon of fresh herb should be poured with a glass of water, the temperature of which is 70 - 80 degrees. If dry raw materials are used, then they need to be steamed with boiling water. You need to use the decoction throughout the day, dividing the amount into 3 doses.

Schisandra chinensis decoction
To prepare a decoction of Chinese lemongrass, the fruits of the plant in the amount of 2 tablespoons should be poured with a glass of water. Place the container on the fire, wait for it to boil and let stand for 5 minutes. You need to consume the resulting amount of infusion throughout the day, dividing it into 3 doses.

Juniper fruits in the treatment of vegetoneurosis of the hypotonic type
The active ingredients that are part of juniper fruits help normalize blood pressure and fight well against general weakness of the body. Berries can be added as seasonings when preparing pork, beef, and chicken dishes. Separate consumption of juniper berries also has a beneficial effect. You should start with 1 piece, increasing their quantity by 1 more berry every day. After 3 - 4 weeks of treatment it is necessary to stop.

Combined preparation to combat hypotensive dystonia
The constituent elements of this folk remedy are:

• Rhodiola rosea root – 20 grams;
• Echinacea flowers – 20 grams;
• hop cones – 10 grams;
• May honey – 2 teaspoons;
• water – 250 milliliters.

Fresh or dry herbal ingredients should be combined with a glass of boiling water. After an hour, strain the product and add honey. You need to use the amount of the resulting product throughout the day. You need to drink the decoction before meals for a month, after which you should take a break in treatment.

Herbal mixture for the treatment of dystonia with low blood pressure
The components of this drug are:

• dandelion ( leaves) – 10 grams;
• gray blackberry ( leaves) – 20 grams;
• stinging nettle ( leaves) – 20 grams;
• water – 250 milliliters ( 1 glass).

It is necessary to use plant raw materials for making herbal infusion after preliminary grinding. This will reduce the time required to infuse the decoction. The drink must be prepared daily, as it will spoil the next day. To do this, bring the water to a boil and steam the dry plants with boiling water. Wrap the vessel with the composition and leave for one hour. After this, the infusion needs to be filtered and drunk 30 milliliters ( 2 tablespoons) 3 times a day.

Traditional recipes for the treatment of cardiac dystonia

The fight against vegetative neurosis of the cardiac type involves the use of products that include medicinal plants and other products that help normalize the functioning of the heart muscle.

The components on which the treatment of dystonia with cardialgia syndrome can be based are:

• raisin;
• mint;
• rose hip;
• rosemary;
• valerian.

Raisin remedy
Raisins contain a large amount of glucose, which has a beneficial effect on the functionality of the heart muscle and normalizes its contractile activity. This course of treatment is recommended to be repeated twice a year. It is necessary to choose raisins that do not contain seeds. Two kilograms of dried berries should be thoroughly washed in warm and then in cold water. Next, the raisins need to be dried naturally by laying them on a clean cloth. After the dried fruits dry, you need to divide the total amount into two parts. You should take 40 raisins every day, eating them half an hour before breakfast. After the first half of the dried grapes is completed, you need to start the second part. Start the second kilogram of raisins with 40 berries every day, reducing the number of berries by 1 piece.

Healing collection to strengthen the heart muscle
This folk remedy helps fight heart pain, which is characteristic of this type of pathology.

The components of the herbal mixture for the treatment of cardiac dystonia are:

• mint;
• hop;
• rosemary;
• valerian;
• hawthorn;
• St. John's wort.

All components of the collection must be used dry. Equal parts of each component should be poured into a glass container or bag made from natural fabrics. Thus, plant materials for preparing the drink can be stored for several years. To make the decoction, you need to steam 2 tablespoons of herbal tea in a thermos overnight with half a liter of hot water. Dosage schedule: one third of a glass three times a day. The decoction can be stored for no more than 2–3 days, and it is worth taking this fact into account when preparing the drink. The course of treatment is 1 - 2 months, after which it is necessary to take a break for 4 weeks.

Herbal tea for the treatment of vegetoneurosis of the cardialgic type
This folk remedy contains plants that promote normal heart function. This tea also contains a large amount of vitamins and beneficial elements that help strengthen the body's protective functions.

The components of tea are:

• valerian;
• hawthorn;
• rose hip;
• raspberries ( greenery);
• coltsfoot.

Equal portions of these ingredients should be poured into containers convenient for storage. To brew tea, you need to take a tablespoon of herbal tea and steam it in a thermos with 2 cups of boiling water. The next day you need to drink the drink, distributing it between breakfast, lunch and dinner. After 1 - 2 months of drinking this herbal tea, a break of 20 - 30 days is required.

A drug for the treatment of vegetative neurosis with cardiac syndrome
A decoction prepared from the seeds of dill, wormwood, mint, and linden has a mild calming effect and helps reduce pain in patients with this pathology. Dried and crushed plants should be combined in equal proportions. To prepare the drink, add 2 tablespoons of herbs to water and bring to a boil on the stove. After cooling the broth, it must be filtered and taken one third of a glass 3 times a day.

A mixture of tinctures to normalize cardiac activity in dystonia
This remedy helps improve the patient’s condition with a cardiac-type autonomic disorder, because it strengthens blood vessels and improves the functionality of the heart. This folk medicine is made from tinctures, which must be purchased ready-made at the pharmacy.

The components of the combined tincture for the treatment of this pathology are:

• peony tincture – 100 milliliters;
• hawthorn tincture – 100 milliliters;
• valerian tincture – 100 milliliters;
• motherwort tincture – 100 milliliters;
• eucalyptus tincture – 50 milliliters;
• mint tincture – 25 milliliters;
• cinnamon grains – 10 pieces.

All ingredients must be mixed in a glass jar and left for 10 - 14 days in a place where sunlight does not penetrate. After the specified time, you should proceed to treatment, which should last no more than a month. You need to take 25 drops before meals, which should be mixed with a tablespoon of water.

Folk remedies with a general spectrum of action for dystonia

With this disease, autonomic disorders are combined with emotional disturbances. Therefore, complete treatment should include tools to combat anxiety, low mood and disrupted sleep. You should also take treatment that helps suppress apathy and improve performance.

• means for normalizing sleep and stabilizing the emotional background;
• medications to help relieve fatigue

Means for correcting emotional state
Treatment for insomnia with folk remedies is based on medicinal plants that promote relaxation of the body.

Herbs that have a sedative effect include:

• lavender;
• Melissa;
• peppermint;
• violet;
• chamomile.

Herbal tea for relaxation
The ingredients of this folk remedy are:

• lavender ( flowers) – 50 grams;
• peppermint ( leaves) – 50 grams;
• chamomile ( flowers) – 75 grams;
• valerian ( root) – 75 grams.

Dry plants must be crushed and poured into a jar. For insomnia, take a glass of decoction a day, which should be brewed in the proportion of two tablespoons of the mixture per 250 milliliters of water.

Combination evening tea
The medicinal plants from which tea is prepared to treat this autonomic disorder are:

• Veronica officinalis ( grass);
• violet ( grass);
• lavender ( flowers);
• barberry ( berries);
• Melissa ( leaves).

The collection is made up of equal portions of each component. The decoction, brewed with one tablespoon of raw materials and a glass of water, should be taken 2 – 3 hours before going to bed.

Herbal tea with calming effect
This folk remedy not only calms the nervous system, but also activates the body's protective functions.

The components of the collection are:

• St. John's wort;
• peppermint;
• Melissa;
• valerian;
• common hop cones.

Mix all ingredients in equal parts. Drink a glass of decoction made from a tablespoon of herbs and a glass of boiling water in small sips throughout the day.

Soothing baths for the treatment of dystonia
Baths using herbal extracts help to relax, relieve muscle tension and normalize sleep.

The rules for baths for good sleep are:

• dim lights in the bathroom;
• The water should not be hot, but warm ( 35 – 37 degrees);
• staying in the bath should not exceed 15 minutes;
• After the bath you need to take a warm shower.

Baths with herbal infusions
To prepare a herbal infusion for a soothing bath, steam 100 grams of raw material with two glasses of boiling water, infuse it and add it to the water.

Plants that can be used for water procedures for vegetative neurosis are:

• lemon balm;
• valerian;
• lavender;
• oregano

These herbs are used both independently and in the form of mixtures.

Soothing baths with essential oils
Baths with essential oils added to water have an effective effect. To avoid skin irritation, essential oil can be mixed with honey or milk before adding to water. The dosage of essential oil is 3 – 4 drops per whole bath.

Plants whose essential oils promote good sleep are:

• jasmine;
• lavender;
• neroli;
• sweet marjoram.

Traditional medicine against fatigue
Treatment aimed at restoring strength should include components that help raise the overall tone of the body and normalize the patient’s physical and mental activity.

General strengthening agent with pomegranate
The biologically active components included in this remedy for the treatment of autonomic dysfunction help restore the patient’s physical and mental fitness. This recipe also normalizes the functionality of the circulatory system, thanks to pomegranate juice.

The ingredients of the drink are:

• birch leaves ( fresh) - 100g;
• Kalanchoe leaves – 150 grams;
• pomegranate juice – 125 milliliters;
• water – 250 milliliters.

Birch and Kalanchoe leaves should be filled with water, placed in a steam bath and wait until it boils. After ten minutes, remove the vessel from the heat, strain and mix with pomegranate juice. The course of treatment is 10 days, dosage – 125 milliliters of drink ( half a glass).

Tincture of enticement
Zamanika high is a plant that has an effective positive effect on mental and physical exhaustion. The tincture purchased at the pharmacy should be consumed in the amount of 30 - 40 drops twice a day, thirty minutes before meals. People who suffer from sleep disorders should avoid this remedy.

Rose hip drink
Rosehip contains a large number of active elements that help fight fatigue. To prepare the infusion you need 20 grams of fruits ( dry or fresh) steam with two glasses of boiling water in a thermos. The next day, add sugar or honey to the infused rose hips and take half a glass 3 times a day.

Remedy with red wine for low energy
To prepare this folk remedy you need red dessert wine ( for example, Cahors). Wine in the amount of 350 milliliters must be mixed with 150 milliliters of fresh aloe juice and 250 grams of May honey. To maximize the benefits of aloe, the plant should not be watered for several days before cutting off the lower leaves. Aloe needs to be washed, crushed, add wine and honey and leave for 7 - 10 days. The temperature in the place where the container is stored should not exceed 8 degrees. After the infusion is ready, it should be filtered and taken a tablespoon three times a day.

Apathy in old age may indicate brain problems