SUBJECT. Behavior algorithm during thunderstorms and hurricanes

GOAL: introduce children to natural phenomena: thunderstorm, hurricane; rules of conduct during a thunderstorm or hurricane. Develop the ability to find solutions to complex problems emergency situations, cultivate a caring attitude towards life and health.

EQUIPMENT: posters, photographs depicting lightning, hurricanes; pictures depicting clouds, hurricanes; memos.

PROGRESS OF THE CLASS

I. ORGANIZATIONAL MOMENT

II. FORMULATION OF THE TOPICS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE LESSON
1.Guessing riddles:

It will rattle, boom, hoot,
It will make noise, knock, bang,
He will try his best
Cloud will be surprised too... (Thunderstorm)

The eagle bird is flying,
Brings fire in his teeth
Fires arrows,
Nobody will catch her. (Lightning)

This wind is so strong

That he fells trees

And the roofs are torn off houses.

Have you heard about this wind? (Hurricane)

What will we talk about at class hour?

What do you think you will learn about these natural phenomena?

Right. In our class we will get acquainted with such natural phenomena as thunderstorms and hurricanes. We will draw up an algorithm for behavior during thunderstorms and hurricanes.

III WORK ON THE TOPIC OF THE CLASS

1. Conversation

What is a thunderstorm? ( Storm - atmospheric phenomenon, in which electrical discharges occur inside the clouds or between the clouds and the earth's surface - lightning, accompanied by thunder.)

When can you see lightning?

That's right, most often lightning occurs in spring and summer during thunderstorms.

2. Teacher's story

“I love a thunderstorm at the beginning of May,” admitted the poet F. F. Tyutchev in his famous poem and admired the state of nature during a thunderstorm. “Nature has no bad weather,” the song says, but not all weather is good. Many natural phenomena are dangerous to human health and life. Thunderstorms are also dangerous.

Do you think it is possible to understand in advance that a thunderstorm is approaching?

I will try to introduce you to the signs of an approaching thunderstorm.

A thunderstorm is approaching if:

a) a light breeze is blowing;
b) it becomes quiet and stuffy;
c) the sun is very hot;
d) an accumulation of powerful cumulonimbus clouds on the horizon;
e) moisture accumulates in the air;
e) light rain is drizzling;
e) air temperature decreases;
g) the wind blows in gusts and abruptly changes direction;
h) the wind raises clouds of dust;
i) the sun shines, but does not warm.

What danger do you think a thunderstorm poses?

3. Algorithm of behavior during a thunderstorm.

Rules of conduct during a thunderstorm.

1. If there are signs of an approaching thunderstorm, wait it out indoors.

2. Close windows, doors, chimneys. Turn off the TV, radio, electrical appliances, telephone.

4. If a thunderstorm catches you outside, take shelter in the nearest building.

5. If a thunderstorm finds you in a park or forest, do not take shelter near tall trees, especially such as oak or poplar.

6. If you are on a hill, a rock, in the mountains, immediately go down or seek refuge in recesses among a pile of stones.

7. You must not be in open unprotected places, near metal fences, large metal objects, wet walls, lightning rod grounding and other objects that are likely to be struck by lightning.

8. If a thunderstorm finds you in a body of water, immediately get to the shore and move away from the water.

9. If you feel your skin tickling or your hair standing on end, know that lightning will strike near you. Without hesitation, throw yourself face down on the ground - this will reduce the risk of your defeat.

10. If you are caught in a thunderstorm while on a bicycle or motorcycle, stop moving, leave them and wait out the thunderstorm at a distance of about 30 meters from them.

11. If you are driving in a car, stay in it. Close the windows, lower the car antenna and stop.

12. If there is no shelter, you need to lie down on the ground, preferably on dry sandy soil, away from the reservoir. If it is more comfortable for you to sit, then try to squeeze your knees together, clasp them with your hands, lower your head lower.

13. Do not run during a thunderstorm.

14. When encountering ball lightning, remain calm and do not move. Do not approach it, do not touch it with anything, do not run away from it.

Each child is given a reminder.

To protect their homes, people install lightning rods

What is a strong wind called?

Why are hurricanes dangerous?

4. Algorithm for behavior during a hurricane

Let's remember all the new concepts we learned in class.

Stormy weather with rain, thunder and lightning.
Giant sparks appearing between sections of thunderclouds.

Wind of destructive force.

5. Game “Yes, no”

And to make sure that you remember the rules of conduct during a thunderstorm and hurricane, I suggest you play the game “Yes, No.”

1. A thunderstorm is dangerous, first of all, due to a lightning discharge. (Yes).
2. A thunderstorm is accompanied by thunderclaps and gusts of wind. (Yes).
3. If a thunderstorm finds you in the park, take shelter under the crown of a tall tree. (No).
4. If ball lightning has flown into your house, you should not run away or make sudden movements. (Yes).
5. Being in a city during a thunderstorm is dangerous; it is better to wait out the thunderstorm in an open area. (No).

6. During a storm warning, you can go for a walk outside. (No)

7. During a hurricane, all windows and doors should be closed. (Yes)

IV SUMMARIZING

What natural phenomena were we talking about today?

What new did you learn?

Today in class we talked about natural phenomena: thunderstorms, hurricanes. I hope that if you have to encounter these natural phenomena, you will not be afraid, remember the rules of behavior during a thunderstorm, hurricane, follow them, and will not put your life at risk.

Sections: Primary School

The purpose of the lesson: introduce children to the dangers that surround them in inanimate nature.

Lesson type: gaining new knowledge.

Equipment: presentation“Lightning, thunderstorm”, illustrations, tests for the lesson.

During the classes

I. Organizing time.

II. Repetition of covered material.

A) Homework survey.

B) 3 students work using individual cards.

III. Lesson topic message. Explanation of new material.

Slide 1.

(The presentation for the lesson on the computer is turned on)

The song “Nature Has No Bad Weather” is played.

- Guys, not all weather is good. Many natural phenomena are dangerous to human health and life. Today we will talk about the dangers that inanimate nature can pose.

Among the first scientists to prove the electrical nature of thunderstorms were the great Russian scientist M.V. Lomonosov and his friend G.V. Richman. Slide 2.

You will find out which ones if you solve the riddle.

Attention to the screen (the presentation is turned on). Slide 3.

“It made some noise, made some noise, washed everything and left.”

And the gardens and vegetable gardens throughout the area were watered. (storm)

-What is a thunderstorm?

– Storm- stormy weather with rain, thunder and lightning. Thunderstorms are associated with the development of cumulonimbus clouds, with the accumulation of large amounts of electricity in them. Repeated electrical discharges occurring in clouds or between clouds and the ground are called lightning.

A thunderstorm is always accompanied by peals of thunder and gusts of wind.

You can usually tell in advance that a thunderstorm is brewing: the sun is hot, moisture accumulates in the air, and it becomes quiet and stuffy. A cluster of powerful cumulonimbus clouds can be seen on the horizon. They quickly approach and soon occupy the entire sky, which begins to change in a special way and you can even feel a special – pre-storm – light. The wind begins to blow in gusts, abruptly changes direction, and then intensifies, raising clouds of dust, tearing off leaves and breaking tree branches, and can tear off the roofs of houses. Then a wall of torrential rain falls from above from the approaching cloud, sometimes with hail. Lightning flashes, deafening thunderclaps are heard

Slide 4

A student reads the poem by Z. Kovalev “And again about the thunderstorm”

I've never seen a thunderstorm like this before,
The house is shaking, as if on a volcano.
And the thunder thunders like the formidable God of War.
A thunderstorm, like grapes, throws drops into the ground.
It's impossible to sleep in such a thunderstorm,
The thunderclaps are so tireless.
And lightning will flash through my window,
I whisper, Lord, have mercy.

– How dangerous is a thunderstorm?

First of all, a lightning strike. A direct hit from it can end tragically for a person. Every year, about 3 thousand people die from lightning around the world.

Another danger is strong winds that break tree branches and damage buildings. This could cause a person to get injured.

And finally, heavy rain and hail. If you do not hide from it in time, it can also be dangerous to humans.

Rules of conduct during a thunderstorm.

1. If there are signs of an approaching thunderstorm, wait it out indoors.
2. Close windows, doors, chimneys. Turn off the TV, radio, electrical appliances, telephone.
3. Stay away from electrical wiring, antennas, windows, doors.
4. If a thunderstorm catches you outside, take shelter in the nearest building.
5. If a thunderstorm finds you in a park or forest, do not take shelter near tall trees, especially such as oak or poplar.
6. If you are on a hill, a cliff, in the mountains, immediately go down or seek refuge in recesses among a pile of stones.
7. You should not be in open, unprotected places, near metal fences, large metal objects, wet walls, lightning rod grounding and other objects that are likely to be struck by lightning.
8. If a thunderstorm finds you in a body of water, immediately get ashore and move away from the water.
9. If you feel your skin tickling and your hair standing on end, know that lightning will strike near you. Without hesitation, throw yourself face down on the ground - this will reduce the risk of your defeat.
10. If you are caught in a thunderstorm while riding a bicycle or motorcycle, stop moving, leave it and wait about 30 meters away from the thunderstorm.
11. If you are driving a car, stay in it. Close the windows, lower the car antenna and stop.
12. If there is no shelter, you need to lie on the ground, preferably on dry sandy soil, away from the reservoir. If it is more comfortable for you to sit, then try to squeeze your knees together, clasp them with your hands, lower your head lower.
13. Don't run during a thunderstorm.

A student reads Agnia Barto’s poem “The Thunderstorm”

A thunderstorm begins
It got dark at noon
Sand flew into my eyes
There are flashes of lightning in the sky.
The wind blows the flower beds
On the green square,
Drafts entered the house,
The doors opened.
Sisters to the room quickly -
Mom is not at home.
Maybe little Andrey
Be afraid of thunder!
A fire broke out in the sky,
The pines rustled;
Sisters are like watchmen
We stood by the bed.
But brother is quite calm -
Didn't notice the lightning
I pulled out my pens and was glad
And he lies there, satisfied.

- Guess the next riddle.

A red-hot arrow felled an oak tree near the village. (lightning) Slide 5.

The eagle bird flies, carries fire in its teeth, shoots arrows of fire, no one will catch it. (lightning)

Lightning– giant sparks appearing between areas of thunderclouds.

Lightning is a majestic and menacing natural phenomenon that involuntarily evokes a feeling of fear. For a long time, people were unable to explain the causes of thunderstorm phenomena. People considered the thunderstorm to be a punishment from the gods for their sins. The nature of lightning began to become clearer after research carried out in the 18th century. American scientist B. Franklin, Russian scientists M.V. Lomonosov And G. Richman.

Slide 6.

For humans, lightning poses a threat only when it connects heaven and earth (water). Lightning can cause a fire, damage power lines, and kill people.

A student reads M. Chikin’s poem “About Lightning.”

Lightning strikes a tall tree,
Our life has confirmed this more than once.
It destroys, does not warm, does not shine,
And she destroyed many great trees.

Data recent years they say that on average about 3,000 people die from lightning strikes in the world every year, and there are cases of simultaneous damage to several people

There is linear lightning. On the plains, as a rule, it strikes from a cloud into the ground or water. More dangerous are discharges that jump from the ground to the cloud. This happens on mountain peaks, exposed rock ledges.

Lightning typically strikes tall objects. The spiers of tall houses and churches, antennas and masts can serve as a lightning rod and focus an electrical discharge onto themselves.

– How to protect residential buildings from electric shock? Slide7, 8.

Lightning rods are an effective means. Even the ancient Greeks erected supports with gold-plated pins to protect against lightning, although they did not understand the mechanism of their action. The priority for the invention of the lightning rod belongs to the American Benjamin Franklin (1749). Somewhat later, in 1758, independently of him, the lightning rod was invented by M.V. Lomonosov.

Lightning protection is based on the ability of lightning to strike the highest and well-grounded metal structures.

– Why does the lower end of the lightning rod need to be buried deeper, where it is always humid? (The presence of moisture in the ground reduces and facilitates the passage of lightning into the ground.)

– In the vicinity of the lightning rod, a protection zone is formed, that is, a space within which the structure is protected from a direct lightning strike.

– Do you think it is possible to make a lightning rod yourself?

– An improperly designed and manufactured (or faulty) lightning conductor increases the risk of lightning strikes rather than providing protection. Therefore, you cannot make such a device yourself.

Rules of behavior during lightning.

Slide 9-11.

– What else attracts lightning? Water. If a thunderstorm finds you swimming or boating, get to shore immediately.

Single trees on plains and open areas also attract lightning. Therefore, being under tall trees during a thunderstorm is dangerous. A third of lightning victims took cover under trees.

Lightning, striking tall plants, most often affects deciduous trees - oak, poplar, willow, ash, as they contain a lot of starch.

Linden, Walnut, beech, coniferous trees - spruce, fir, larch - contain a lot of oils, therefore they have high electrical resistance and are less likely to be struck by lightning.

The frequency of lightning strikes into a tree depends on its surface, the quality of the crown, bark, and their moisture content. Statistics show that out of 100 trees, 27% of poplars, 20% of pears, 12% of linden, 8% of spruce and only 0.5% of cedar are affected by lightning. A tree splits when struck by lightning.

A person can be struck by lightning not only from a direct hit. Lightning discharges from objects struck by lightning are dangerous. For example, a discharge may jump from a tall tree to a person or the wall of a house, if the latter are located next to the tree. Thus, a person’s presence during a thunderstorm near objects that are often struck by lightning (tall trees, masts, metal objects large sizes, clayey and wet areas of land), poses a danger.

Being in a city during a thunderstorm is less dangerous than in open areas, since steel structures and tall buildings act as lightning rods.

Lightning that does not touch the surface of the earth sometimes also causes harm to people. In 1963, a Boeing 707 plane crashed due to a lightning strike, killing the entire crew. According to American scientists, lightning struck the Apollo 12 spacecraft twice with three astronauts on board and caused quite serious damage to the equipment.

Lightning can cause a fire on an airplane, mechanical damage, disturbances in the operation of devices. But since modern aircraft are all-metal, passengers are quite reliably protected from lightning strikes.

Linear lightning is quite often the cause of forest fires.

Slide 12, 13.

If the nature of linear lightning is clear and its behavior is predictable, then the nature ball lightning is still not fully understood, and her behavior does not always find an explanation. Such lightning is formed when the “channel” of ordinary lightning breaks up into separate sections – “rosaries”. Glowing balls of blue, green, yellow or red colors can last for several seconds and explode upon collision with some object. One of the tragic cases of Russian science is associated with the appearance of ball lightning. To study atmospheric electricity, Lomonosov and Professor Richman equipped special “thunder machines” in their apartments, which were connected by chains to high poles placed on the roofs. In 1753, during a thunderstorm over St. Petersburg, a bluish ball suddenly appeared from an iron rod in Richman’s apartment lightning, and the scientist died. Ball lightning can unexpectedly appear anywhere, even indoors. There have been cases of it appearing from a telephone handset, an electric razor, or an outlet. Eyewitnesses claim , that ball lightning can penetrate into a room through narrow cracks, pipes and even a keyhole. The width of a zipper can range from several centimeters to several meters. Usually it easily floats or rolls above the ground, sometimes jumps. Ball lightning can appear and disappear without causing harm. Or it could leave behind a hole in the door and could explode. Statistics say that in 80% of cases the explosions were not dangerous, serious consequences occurred in 10% of the explosions.

– What to do if such lightning flew into your house?

First of all, you should not make sudden movements, much less run away: you can cause an air flow through which a clot of energy will fly purposefully after you.

– To protect yourself from lightning, you must follow certain rules. Let's get to know them. (presentation slide)

IV. Questions on the topic.

– Lightning most often strikes trees that have large roots that penetrate deep into the soil. Why? (Thick roots are the best guides, than small ones - they contain more moisture, they have a larger area of ​​​​contact with the ground.)

– How to say correctly: lightning rod or lightning rod? (Lightning rod, because it protects from lightning strikes, and not from thunderclaps.)

– What is a lightning rod used for? (Lightning rod is designed to protect buildings and other structures from lightning strikes.)

– Why does lightning split trees? (The flow of electric current is accompanied by the release of heat, very rapid evaporation of moisture and expansion of water vapor.) - Do you know?

– Using a mobile phone on the street during a thunderstorm poses a serious threat to life and health due to the danger of being struck by lightning, British doctors testify. As an example, doctors cited the medical history of a 15-year-old girl who spoke on mobile phone while in a London park during a thunderstorm. Lightning strike caused severe damage internal organs. The girl was saved, but a year after the incident she remains confined to a wheelchair and suffers from numerous physical and physical problems. mental health. A lightning bolt passed through the ear to which the phone was attached, causing a ruptured eardrum, permanent deafness and brain damage, doctors testify.
According to doctors, similar cases were also recorded in China, South Korea and Malaysia: three residents of these countries died from a lightning strike while talking on a mobile phone.

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Presentation - Hazardous weather phenomena - Human behavior during a thunderstorm

Text of this presentation

Develop a LOGICAL BASIS FOR THE LESSON
Subject Life Safety Class 6 Lesson topic “Dangerous weather phenomena. Human behavior during a thunderstorm"
Author of the work: Ryabova O.Yu. teacher of MKOU Zarechnaya secondary school.
PART 1 OF THE PROJECT

NEW KNOWLEDGE (concept, method of action) and its fixation (standard)
Dangerous consequences of a thunderstorm for humans. Rules of conduct during a thunderstorm.

Tasks for updating
What natural phenomena are you already familiar with? Displaying illustrations and voicing natural phenomena. (blizzard, hurricane, cyclone) Name different hazard factors of natural phenomena. (clouds thicken, the wind increases and changes its direction, the sky darkens, clouds drop low, air temperature may change) Correlate natural phenomena and hazard factors. (individual assignments in notebooks according to options) How to help a person affected by a disaster? Providing first medical care. (Answers orally based on options for the same natural phenomena) Answer the question “Are you familiar with all natural phenomena?”

TRIAL ACTION
Formulate the rules of human behavior during a thunderstorm natural conditions(each student writes his own rules on a card for a while. (given 3 minutes)

FIXING THE DIFFICULTY
I can’t yet name the rules of conduct during a thunderstorm. I mentioned the rules, but I'm not sure they are correct.

CAUSE OF DIFFICULTY
I don't know the rules yet. I can't justify my answer.

Find out what the rules of behavior are during a thunderstorm in the natural environment.
FORMULATION OF THE OBJECTIVES OF THE ACTIVITY

1. Presentations “Thunderstorm”, “Behavior during a thunderstorm” 2. Illustrative material on the board 3. Cards prepared ( Handout) for groups with description various situations with highlighted thunderstorm hazards; (a lightning strike in a tree, a thunderstorm found in a field, a squally wind with a downpour, a thunderstorm found in water) 4. Rules of behavior during a thunderstorm in cut form (to correlate with hazardous factors) 5. Support sheet for filling out (sticking the corresponding hazardous factors and rules)
TOOLS FOR OPENING

PLAN FOR DISCOVERING (CONSTRUCTION) NEW KNOWLEDGE
1. Viewing presentations; 2. Get acquainted with the proposed situations. 3. Identify the dangerous factors of a thunderstorm. 4. Familiarity with the rules of behavior during a thunderstorm. 5. Correlation of rules and hazardous factors in the reference sheet.

Standard (fixation of new knowledge) Rules of conduct
You must not be near high-standing objects, in water, near metal objects, including near the railway track. You need to take shelter from a thunderstorm in a low-growing area, among short trees with dense undergrowth. In open areas you need to hide in a dry hole, ditch, or ravine. You cannot lean your head, back or other parts of your body against the surface of rocks or tree trunks. Having chosen a place in the shelter, you need to sit down, pulling your knees to your chest and clasping them with your arms.
Direct lightning strikes on objects. (lightning strike) Destruction of objects Fires Broken power lines Voltage surge in the power grid

Code for embedding a presentation video player on your website:

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