Effective methods of treating cervicitis of the cervix. Cervicitis of the cervix: causes and proper treatment of the disease Bacterial cervicitis

Cervicitis is classified as an inflammatory pathology of the female genital area. It is an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the cervix (vaginal part) and its cervical canal. Very often it accompanies more extensive pathological processes (vulvovaginitis, colpitis), and is rarely an independent disease.

The cervix is ​​a kind of barrier, the task of which is to prevent the spread of infection through the ascending route into the uterus and its appendages. If its protective function is impaired, then pathogenic microorganisms penetrate the upper parts of the woman’s internal genital organs, provoking the development of cervicitis. The woman begins to be bothered by atypical discharge, periodic or constant pain localized in the lower abdomen, which intensifies during sexual intercourse or urination.

What it is?

Cervicitis is an inflammation of the cervix, to put it briefly in simple language. But, not everything is so simple - let's look at the issue in detail.

Causes of cervicitis

The main cause of cervicitis are diseases that are sexually transmitted. With the development of a certain sexually transmitted disease, thick mucus gradually liquefies, resulting in inflammation of the mucous membrane. After this, the infection begins to spread to the base of the cervix. Due to such changes, microbes gradually enter the uterus, appendages, and later spread to the bladder, kidneys and other organs. As a result, pathological phenomena develop in the woman’s pelvic cavity, including peritonitis.

If sexually transmitted diseases are considered the main cause of the development of cervicitis in a woman, then doctors also identify a number of factors that contribute to the development of this disease. The risk of developing cervicitis increases significantly if a woman has been infected with the herpes virus or. Cervicitis can overtake a girl at a time when she is just beginning to have an active sexual life. Also, cervicitis of the cervix can manifest itself as a consequence of mechanical or chemical irritation (we are talking about contraceptives or hygiene products). In some cases, the inflammatory process occurs as a result of an allergic reaction of the body to latex or other components of contraceptives or personal hygiene products.

A factor that provokes the disease is also weakened immunity due to other somatic diseases. In addition, cervicitis can develop as a result of injuries caused during abortion or childbirth (in this case, it is important to properly suture all ruptures of the perineum and cervix caused during the birth process), with. The disease also often affects women who have entered menopause.

All the reasons described above contribute to the active reproduction of microorganisms classified as opportunistic (staphylococci, streptococci, enterococci, E. coli). In a woman’s normal health, such microorganisms are present in the vaginal microflora.

Symptoms of cervicitis

Manifestations of the acute form of the disease are significantly pronounced. The patient is bothered by purulent or profuse mucous leucorrhoea, vaginal itching and burning, which intensifies with urination. Pain due to cervicitis may also be bothersome. Usually these are dull or aching pain in the lower abdomen, painful sexual intercourse. Other signs of the disease are due to concomitant pathology.

If the inflammatory process of the cervix occurs against the background, frequent and painful urination is a concern. With the inflammatory process in the cervix, there is an increase in temperature from subfebrile (above 37) to febrile numbers (38 and above). When pseudoerosion and cervicitis are combined, spotting and spotting may appear after coitus. A distinctive feature of the disease is the exacerbation of all clinical symptoms after menstruation.

Chronic inflammation of the cervix

A disease that was not adequately and timely treated in the acute stage becomes chronic. Signs of chronic cervicitis are less pronounced or practically absent. The discharge becomes cloudy and mucous in nature, the flat epithelium of the vaginal part of the cervix is ​​replaced by cylindrical epithelium from the cervical canal, and pseudo-erosion of the cervix is ​​formed.

Inflammatory phenomena (redness and swelling) are mild. When inflammation spreads to the surrounding tissues and deeper, the cervix becomes denser, and it is possible again to replace the columnar epithelium with flat epithelium during ectopia, which is accompanied by the formation of nabothian cysts and infiltrates.

Lymphocytic cervicitis

The disease is also called follicular cervicitis. This form of inflammation is asymptomatic and occurs in menopausal women. The process is a lymphoid “impregnation” of the walls of the cervix, resulting in the formation of follicular benign formations. If this form of inflammation is detected, the doctor will definitely carry out a differential diagnosis with malignant lymphosarcoma.

Candidiasis cervicitis

Occurs in a situation where there is already a fungal infection in the vagina (). When examining the cervix in the speculum, white deposits are detected, which are easily scraped off, resulting in exposure of the inflamed red mucosa.

Viral cervicitis

The disease appears as a result of infection with the herpes simplex virus, human papilloma,. It is somewhat difficult to recognize because it has no specific features. During the examination, the doctor may see blisters characteristic of a herpes infection, or only a laboratory will confirm the diagnosis.

Cystic cervicitis

It is a form of the disease in which benign formation occurs. As a result of the inflammatory process, blockage of the glands that secrete mucus occurs and their subsequent proliferation, which the gynecologist will detect during examination or colposcopy.

Atrophic cervicitis

Most often this is a chronic and nonspecific form of the disease. Frequent causes of atrophic inflammation are traumatic manipulations associated with disruption of the integrity of the cervical canal of the uterus or childbirth.

Diagnostics

The diagnosis is made by a gynecologist based on the results of examination and additional research methods. He collects anamnesis, studies complaints and symptoms. During the examination on the chair, the doctor sees foci of inflammation, pinpoint hemorrhages on the surface of the exocervix, an increase in its size due to swelling, redness and swelling of the walls of the vagina and external genitalia.

The gynecologist takes a smear from the surface of the cervix for further examination under a microscope - cytology. The resulting material is also sown on nutrient media - the grown colonies of the pathogen make it possible to determine its type and sensitivity to antibiotics. If necessary, the doctor measures the pH of vaginal discharge - its increase indicates changes in its microflora.

Chronic cervicitis leads to the appearance of pathological foci on the cervix - they are detected when it is treated with iodine solution. In this case, colposcopy is performed - studying the epithelium of the exocervix under high magnification to exclude malignant degeneration of its cells. To diagnose chronic endocervicitis, curettage of the cervical canal is performed, followed by studying the cellular composition of the resulting material. To exclude tumors of the female reproductive system, they are examined using ultrasound.

Treatment of cervicitis

First of all, it is necessary to identify and eliminate factors that could cause cervicitis. It is worth noting that if sexually transmitted infections are detected, the woman’s sexual partner must also undergo treatment.

The treatment strategy for cervicitis depends on the identified cause of the disease. Treatment regimen for different types of cervicitis:

1. For fungal infections, use antimycotics: Fluconazole orally, Natamycin tablets in the vagina, suppositories with econazole;
2. For chlamydial infection, a combination of several antibiotics (Tetracycline + Azithromycin) is prescribed for a period of at least 21 days;
3. With atrophic inflammation, the introduction of suppositories, creams, gels containing estriol (Divigel) into the vagina helps;
4. For bacterial infections - treatment with antibiotics (Neomycin, Metronidazole suppositories), combined anti-inflammatory and antibacterial drugs (Terzhinan). After sanitation, suppositories with beneficial lactobacilli are prescribed to restore normal microflora (Acilact).

After the acute stage of the disease subsides, local treatment methods can be used. The use of creams and suppositories (terzhinan) is effective. It is recommended to treat the mucous membranes of the vagina and cervix with solutions of silver nitrate, chlorophyllipt or dimexide.

In advanced cases of the disease, when atrophic changes are observed in the mucous membrane of the cervix, local hormonal therapy (ovestin) is indicated, which promotes the regeneration of the epithelium and the restoration of normal vaginal microflora.

Conservative treatment may not give the desired results in the chronic stage of cervicitis. In such cases, the doctor may recommend surgical treatment (cryotherapy, laser therapy, diathermocoagulation).

To assess the effectiveness of treatment, a control colposcopy and laboratory tests are performed.

The danger of cervicitis in pregnant women

Cervicitis is associated with the destruction of the mucous plug that protects the uterus from infection from the vagina. The likelihood of illness and the transition of the inflammatory process to a chronic form increases due to the inevitable decrease in immunity during this period (this prevents fetal rejection).

If pregnant women have cervicitis, the risk of complications such as miscarriage and premature birth increases. Infection of the fetus is possible, which leads to abnormal development, the appearance of deformities, intrauterine death, and death of the newborn in the first months of life.

Cervicitis poses a greater threat in the early stages of pregnancy, when organs and systems are being formed in the fetus. Most often, a woman has a miscarriage. If acute cervicitis occurs in the middle or end of pregnancy, the child may develop hydrocephalus, kidney disease and other organs. Therefore, when planning a pregnancy, a woman should be cured of cervicitis in advance and strengthen her immune system. Treatment is mandatory, as the risk of complications is very high.

Cervicitis refers to pathologies of the female genital area of ​​an inflammatory nature. It is an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the cervix (vaginal part) and its cervical canal. Very often it accompanies more extensive pathological processes (vulvovaginitis, colpitis), and is rarely an independent disease.

The cervix is ​​a kind of barrier, the task of which is to prevent the spread of infection through the ascending route into the uterus and its appendages. If its protective function is impaired, then pathogenic microorganisms penetrate the upper parts of the woman’s internal genital organs, provoking the development of cervicitis. The woman begins to be bothered by atypical discharge, periodic or constant pain localized in the lower abdomen, which intensifies during sexual intercourse or urination.

note: 7 out of 10 women with cervicitis are of childbearing age, and only 3 are in menopause. This is due to a greater extent to the reasons that provoke it. It is important not to postpone a visit to the gynecologist if alarming symptoms appear, since untreated cervicitis provokes the development of cervical erosion, the formation of polyps on it and other complications.

Possible causes of cervicitis

This inflammatory disease is formed as a result of the following reasons:

Opportunistic microorganisms cause cervicitis by entering the cervix by contact (directly from the rectum), and specific microorganisms (chlamydia, gonococci, trichomonas) by sexual contact. Factors that provoke inflammation in this case are malignant tumors, scars on the cervix, a decrease in the body’s immune forces, and contraceptives.

Important:Cervicitis can be different: atrophic, viral, candidal, chlamydial, purulent, bacterial. That is why treatment must be selected taking into account the pathogen, since different groups of drugs must be included in the therapeutic regimen.

Varieties of cervitis

Cervitis can manifest itself in the form of endocervicitis (inflammation of the vaginal part of the cervix) and exocervicitis (inflammation of the vaginal part), have an acute and chronic form.

Exocervicitis

Exocervitis is an inflammation that develops in the area of ​​the exocervix, that is, the segment of the cervix located in the vagina. In the acute stage, patients complain of mucopurulent discharge and pain in the lower abdomen.

Upon examination, the doctor will find the following signs of exocervicitis:

• eroded surface of the cervix;
• visually noticeable redness in the area of ​​the external opening of the cervical canal;
• microabscesses;
• swelling of the mucous membrane of the neck;
• copious discharge (mucus, pus);
• periglandular infiltrates in the plural.

If the process is chronic, inflammation spreads to deeper connective and muscle tissues, and upon examination, pseudo-erosion can be detected. Secondary infection also occurs, the epithelium on the cervix is ​​torn off, it hypertrophies, becomes denser, and cysts can form on it.

Endocervicitis

Endocervicitis is considered to be the presence of an inflammatory process on the endocervix - the mucous membrane that lines the cervical canal of the cervix from the inside. It is usually caused by specific microorganisms, that is, viruses, bacteria and fungi.

In most cases, endocervicitis is diagnosed in women aged 20 to 40 years. It develops after intrauterine medical procedures and diseases of other female genital organs. This type of cervicitis progresses very quickly and develops into a chronic form with an erased symptom complex. Discharge of various types, pain of varying intensity, and local itching may be observed. During the examination, the gynecologist will notice swelling of the cervix, cherry coloring of the mucous membrane, small erosions in the plural (with purulent plaque sometimes), mucus with pus in the cervical canal.

The potential danger of endocervicitis is complications. They occur when the pathological process spreads along the ascending pathways, which can cause adnexitis, endometritis, etc.

Chronic cervicitis

Cervicitis becomes chronic if its acute phase is not treated.

This condition has the following typical manifestations:

Diagnosis of cervicitis

Taking into account the fact that pathology often does not make itself felt, it is usually detected during the next preventive examination.

Examination of a woman, making and confirming a diagnosis consists of the following mandatory diagnostic points:

1. collecting anamnesis (features of sexual life, number of pregnancies, births, abortions, past illnesses);
2. gynecological examination (bimanual and using speculum);
3. colposcopy (its task is to clarify the presence and type of pathological changes on the epithelial layer of the cervix);
4. laboratory research:
   • bacteriological seeding of material (discharge, mucus) to determine the type of pathogen and the level of its sensitivity to a/b;
   • cytology smear, which allows you to determine the presence of oncological changes at the cellular level;
   • microscopy of secretions to study the bacterial flora, which are taken from three places (urethra, cervical canal, vagina).

As additional studies, if necessary, the gynecologist may prescribe:

• general urine analysis;
• HIV analysis;
• clinical blood test;
• culture for gonococcus;
• RW analysis.

note: Cervicitis has a fairly deep localization. Taking into account the fact that it is most often infectious in nature, it greatly increases the risk of endometritis (inflammation of the uterine mucosa), etc.

Treatment of cervicitis of the cervix

There are general rules for treating cervicitis:

• mandatory unscheduled visit to the urologist by the partner;
• refusal of active sexual life (exclusively for the period of treatment);
• Only condoms are allowed as a contraceptive.

Treatment of cervicitis cervix is ​​based on eliminating its root cause (infection).

Today there are a lot of different and quite effective methods and drugs that are selected based on the causative agent of cervicitis:

• in case of atrophy, estrogens are used;
• chlamydial is treated with such drugs as Sumamed, Doxycycline, Maxaquin;
• herpetic requires taking Acyclovir, vitamins, immunostimulants, antiherpetic immunoglobulin;
• candidiasis implies the prescription of Diflucan;
• Cervicitis due to a virus requires the use of cytostatics, interferon and removal of the condylomas themselves.

Usually, the regimen also includes combined local drugs, such as Terzhinan, and after the acute period has been eliminated, treatment of the cervix with Chlorophyllipt is prescribed. For the fastest regeneration of the epithelium and normalization of natural microflora, Ovestin is used.

Among the methods of physiotherapy, the following procedures are practiced on the uterine area:

• magnetic therapy;
• DMV therapy;
• darsonvalization with a vaginal electrode;
• electrophoresis with magnesium;

Chronic cervicitis is difficult to treat using classical methods, so it is more effective to use the following methods:

• diathermocoagulation;
• cryotherapy;
• laser therapy.

Important: The treatment process for cervicitis should be accompanied by laboratory monitoring and colposcopy to monitor the pathology over time and evaluate the effectiveness of therapy.

Local treatment of cervicitis with suppositories

Suppositories, tablets and cream that are applied locally, that is, topically, also give good results, but provided that they are part of a comprehensive treatment regimen for cervicitis. All of them are divided into several types, and they are prescribed exclusively by a gynecologist after receiving test results.

In particular, cervicitis is treated with suppositories of the following pharmacological groups:

• antifungal;

Cervicitis of the cervix is ​​an inflammation in the vaginal part of the cervix. It occurs due to polymorphic causes (from the penetration of pathogenic microflora to mechanical damage). More often observed in women of childbearing age. The initial phase of the disease is asymptomatic. Then, as it progresses, a characteristic clinical picture gradually appears. The disease can be easily eliminated, but only if you consult a doctor in a timely manner.

Cervicitis of the cervix is ​​a sluggish lesion, the appearance of which is preceded by various factors. The inflammatory process covers the squamous mucous epithelium of the cervical canal. The progression of the pathology is accompanied by pain and discharge. When the muscle layer of the cervix of the female reproductive organ is involved in the process, the patient’s condition is aggravated and requires immediate hospitalization. But in 95% of cases, women consult a doctor even with a superficial form of the disease.

Over a short period of time, the inflammatory process can spread to the inside of the female reproductive organ, causing endometritis. Treatment depends on the form of the disease and stage at the time of contacting a specialist. In addition to the main therapy, the patient is prescribed drugs to restore the natural microflora of the vagina (Gynoflor, Kipferon).

Symptoms

As the disease progresses, the following signs appear:

• Vaginal discharge. The secretion has an admixture of pus, is characterized by an unpleasant odor and abundance.
• Acute pain during intimacy.
• Lethargy, decreased performance, lack of appetite.
• Contact bleeding (occurs immediately after intimacy).
• Burning when urinating, unpleasant odor from urine.
• Pain at rest. Localization of the unpleasant sensation is the lower back, sacral region, urogenital tract, lower abdomen.
• Increased body temperature.
• Painful periods (accompanied by cramps and general weakness).

The symptoms that the patient herself can notice are listed; other signs of damage to the organ of the reproductive system are revealed only during the examination. The doctor determines the presence of swelling and redness of the external opening of the cervical canal, protrusion of its mucous membrane.

In aggravated clinical cases and in the chronic stage of inflammation, the specialist determines the presence of erosions and bruises on the tissues of the affected organ. Depending on the form of the lesion, the doctor visualizes blisters, polyps, cysts on the cervical canal - single or multiple.

Causes

The following reasons predispose to the formation of cervicitis:

1. Insufficient or complete lack of intimate hygiene
2. Low immunity
3. Frequent and incorrect use of tampons during menstruation
4. Infectious and inflammatory lesions of the reproductive system
5. Sexually transmitted infections
6. Frequent change of sexual partners
7. A history of difficult labor (with injuries to the reproductive organs)
8. Rough sexual activity, excesses
9. Dysbacteriosis (not only of the vagina, but also of the intestines)
10. Use of hygiene products of questionable quality
11. Frequent and improper douching
12. Herpes or human papilloma virus

Additional reasons are latex intolerance, partial prolapse of the intrauterine device and subsequent irritation of the cervical canal.

Types and forms

The disease is classified depending on the period of limitation (acute and chronic form), and the type of pathogen that provoked the pathological process.

See the table for more details.

Type of cervicitis	Its characteristics
Spicy	It is characterized by a tendency to quickly spread to other pelvic organs (via lymph flow).
Chronic	The reason for the development is the lack of treatment for inflammation in the acute stage. The predominant symptoms are periodic episodes of pain in the lower abdomen, discharge of mucous secretion from the vagina.
Purulent	The etiology of development is all conditions of the female body in which the formation and discharge of pus occurs (adnexitis, endometritis). In 20% of clinical cases, a woman becomes infected from a sexual partner who is a carrier of gonorrhea.
Viral	Occurs due to the presence of the herpes virus or human papillomavirus in the body. The pathology occurs with a severe general condition and an increase in body temperature to low levels. Its elimination takes more than 2 months.
Bacterial	Develops due to the ingress of bacterial microflora (streptococci, staphylococci). A concomitant phenomenon is vaginal dysbiosis (disturbance of the acid-base balance).
Atrophic	A predisposing factor to it is a protracted form of cervicitis. Other reasons are the presence of polyps, previous curettage (abortion), hormonal imbalance. The pathology occurs in the form of limited inflammation.
Cystic	Refers to aggravated forms of the disease in question. Etiology is the simultaneous development of 2 pathological phenomena: cystic neoplasms and a combination of various infections.

Based on the types of disease considered, a diagnosis is formed for a particular patient. For example, acute atrophic cervicitis or viral inflammation of the cervical canal of the cervix.

Spicy

Involves immediate hospitalization in the gynecology department. Thanks to the diagnosis, the presence of ovarian apoplexy and ectopic pregnancy are excluded.

Characteristic symptoms:

• Pain in the lower abdomen observed at rest
• Increased body temperature to high limits
• Weakness, dizziness, pale skin
• Irritation inside the urethra during urination
• Mucopurulent discharge from the genital tract
• Anterior abdominal wall tension

If you ignore the disorder in the acute phase of its development, the inflammatory process will take a protracted course. This form is less amenable to elimination, is more difficult to tolerate in terms of general well-being, and puts you at greater risk of complications.

Chronic

Chronic cervicitis is an inflammation, exacerbation of which occurs more often than once every six months. The danger of a protracted illness is the high risk of developing a tumor process or dysplasia. Both conditions are unfavorable for health and life. The reason for their formation is the thickening of the uterine walls under the influence of prolonged inflammation.

Purulent

The main symptom is abundant discharge of mucopurulent secretion from the vagina. Characterized by an increase in body temperature to high numbers. Inflammation quickly spreads to the internal uterine part, creating a favorable condition for the development of infertility.

Viral

It is considered the most severe form of cervicitis. During the examination, the doctor identifies characteristic rashes on the cervical canal - blisters grouped into one lesion, or papillomas. When having unprotected sex life, the patient's partner develops viral balanitis, balanoposthitis, urethritis or cystitis. A combination of the listed pathologies or the development of only one of them is possible.

Bacterial

It is the most common form of cervicitis of the cervix. Characteristic signs of the condition:

1. Pain during urination, intimacy
2. Vaginal discharge (has mucopurulent secretion, less often streaked with blood)
3. Increased body temperature
4. Itching in the vagina

The reasons for the development are non-compliance with hygiene measures (both by the woman herself and her partner). The main signs are identified during an examination in a gynecological chair.

Atrophic

The tissue of the cervix becomes thinner, but swelling and redness are secondary symptoms. Pain and urination disorders predominate. The very first manifestation of atrophic cervicitis is discomfort during intimacy, a feeling of increased dryness inside the vagina.

In addition to the main treatment, this form of pathology is removed through hormonal therapy. To normalize the tone of the mucous membrane of the cervical canal, progesterone and estrogens are prescribed.

Cystic

The pathological process is asymptomatic for a long time. The glands located in the cervical part of the cervical canal become inflamed. As a result of this, the cylindrical epithelium increases and multiple cysts are formed. The inflammation worsens, and as a result, the patient’s general well-being. The main symptoms of the inflammatory process are determined mainly during the study, since cysts do not manifest specific signs.

Who's at risk

Women who often change partners; suffered injuries during childbirth; They don't take care of hygiene. The risk group also includes those who frequently perform abortions and have unprotected sex life (do not use contraceptives).

Possible complications

This type of disease creates a favorable condition for the development of infertility, erosion, polyps, and inflammation of the pelvic structures. The most dangerous complication is a malignant neoplasm of the female reproductive organ. The transformation of physiological uterine cells into atypical ones occurs due to the inflammatory process, especially caused by viruses.

Other possible consequences are associated not only with the characteristics of the development of the disease, but also with the possible consequences of therapy. In particular, surgical treatment can cause regular bleeding from the operated area.

Damage to the cervical canal negatively affects the current pregnancy. The presence of an inflammatory focus in the body poses a risk of moving to the upper sections, where the developing fetus is located. Exposure to pathogenic microflora leads to the appearance of intrauterine changes in the child associated with the structure of the heart, brain, and lungs.

The disease is incompatible with pregnancy, since the pathology cannot be eliminated during gestation. Violations in the cervical canal are eliminated mainly with antibiotics, which is unacceptable for a developing fetus. Also, due to the incompetence of the cervix, cervicitis poses a threat of miscarriage or premature labor.

Which doctor should I contact?

Along with other diseases of the female reproductive system, cervicitis of the cervix is ​​eliminated by a gynecologist. You can contact a specialist in this profile without first visiting a therapist. If cervicitis is the cause of urination problems, you will need to consult a urologist.

Diagnostics

To establish the pathology of the type in question, the patient will have to undergo:

1. Gynecological examination using speculum
2. Colposcopy
3. Ultrasound using a transvaginal probe
4. Laboratory tests: determination of vaginal pH level, PCR diagnostics, blood and urine tests (clinical, biochemical)

Additional types of examination depend on the root cause of the disease, its duration, and type.

Treatment

If cervicitis occurs due to pathogens entering the vagina, treatment is predominantly conservative. Especially when the clinical case is not burdened by the formation of cysts. But the type of disease in question also requires surgical treatment. Indication – the presence of neoplasms or other adverse effects (dysplasia, erosion, polyps).

Relieving an adverse event requires an integrated approach, which includes:

1. Systemic antibacterial therapy
2. Use of topical medicinal products
3. Refusal of intimate life
4. Performing hygiene procedures
5. Diet

Antibiotics are prescribed for injection and only if a response from a bacteriological study is received. This laboratory diagnostic method allows you to identify a specific causative agent of inflammation. Prescribe daily twice-administered antibiotics with an interval of 12 hours (course - from 5 days), more often - intramuscularly.

Medicinal products prescribed for topical use are vaginal suppositories with antibacterial or antiviral properties. Contraindications for their administration are individual intolerance, menstruation, pregnancy. The administration regimen is prescribed by the attending physician, but often - 2 r. per day at regular intervals.

Sexual rest is necessary for the healing of damaged areas of the inflamed organ. Hygienic procedures ensure timely elimination of pathological discharge (purulent, mucous), which contributes to recovery. The use of hygienic tampons is contraindicated. Traditional treatment boils down to the use of sitz baths with a warm chamomile solution. Douching is prohibited during the period of treatment of the disease in question.

• Refusal of spicy, sour, salty dishes and foods
• Exclusion of coffee, alcohol, carbonated drinks, fermented milk products and fruit drinks
• Small meals that will not contribute to constipation (with inflammation of the reproductive system, this unfavorable phenomenon increases pain)

Surgical treatment involves the elimination of cysts, erosions or polyps through the use of liquid nitrogen, chemical solutions, and a laser beam. Electrocoagulation (cauterization of the lesion or neoplasm itself) has almost never been used in recent years. The reason is the high risk of side effects.

Prevention

The appearance of cervicitis of the cervix in 90% of cases can be avoided if you follow the following recommendations:

1. Carry out hygiene procedures in a timely manner, avoid using tampons during menstruation
2. Refuse to have promiscuous sex life.
3. If latex is intolerant, use alternative methods of contraception. If you are inexperienced in this matter, you can contact a gynecologist and choose the best option for contraception together with your doctor.
4. Avoid frequent douching.
5. Eliminate disorders in the reproductive system in a timely manner, preventing their spectrum from expanding and spreading to the cervical canal.
6. Avoid uncontrolled use of medications that can cause intestinal dysbiosis and, as a result, disruption of the vaginal microflora.
7. If you suspect partial prolapse of the intrauterine device, immediately contact a gynecologist.

Other preventive measures are refusal to perform abortions, strengthening the immune system (by normalizing nutrition, administering vitamins). Regular visits to the gynecologist will allow timely detection of an unfavorable process inside the genital tract. Especially if the cervix was injured during childbirth or the woman is in an early state after an abortion.

Conclusion

Cervicitis of the cervix is ​​a disease of inflammatory origin. You may not be aware of its presence in the body for a long time. Half of the symptoms are detected only during a gynecological examination. The inflammatory process itself adversely affects general well-being and increases the likelihood of infertility or the risk of rejection of the fertilized egg. For some types of cervicitis, not only the patient, but also her sexual partner undergoes therapy. Comprehensive treatment of pathology increases the chance of a favorable prognosis.

Video: Treatment of cervicitis in women

Cervicitis is a pathological process that is characterized by inflammation in the lower segment of the uterus. Combined with vaginitis, vulvitis and other diseases inherent in the female reproductive system.

The main cause of cervicitis is infection with viruses, pathogenic microbes that are sexually transmitted.

The inflammatory process of the mucous membrane begins due to the entry of pathogenic organisms into the vagina, as a result of which the thick mucus liquefies and ceases to protect the structure of the epithelium. The infection multiplies and actively spreads to the cervix. Over time, the pathogenic environment penetrates into the uterus, onto the bladder, appendages, and kidneys.

The development of cervicitis is promoted by:

• Previous HPV infection;
• Irritation that may occur due to taking contraceptives or using hygiene products;
• Allergic reaction in the vaginal microflora to latex, artificial lubricant, hygiene products;
• Weakened immune system due to other diseases, cervical prolapse;
• Injuries received during abortion and childbirth;
• Menopause period.

Symptoms

Acute cervicitis is characterized by profuse discharge of leucorrhoea mixed with pus. Accompanied by pain, itching and burning, which become stronger when urinating. The urge to urinate is unproductive and frequent. The pain is aching, cutting, concentrated in the lower abdomen, reminiscent of menstrual pain.

The main symptoms of cervicitis that occur in diseases:

• – frequent and painful urination;
• Inflammation in the cervix and adnexitis - elevated temperature (more than 37 degrees);
• – yellow discharge with cervicitis;
• – not abundant, colorless, having an unpleasant odor;
• – foam; candidiasis - consistency of curdled milk;
• Pseudo-erosion - scanty discharge mixed with blood after sexual intercourse.

All symptoms worsen after menstruation, this fact is a distinctive characteristic.

Chronic cervicitis is characterized by mild or complete absence of clinical symptoms.

During this period, a displacement of the endocervix cells behind the external os (pseudo-erosion) is formed, the discharge is cloudy (in rare cases with pus), and the inflammation is mild. Swelling and redness can spread to adjacent tissues, the cervix becomes denser, and nabothian cysts and infiltrates form.

Classification

In addition to the acute and chronic stages, there are several varieties of this disease. The symptoms are most often similar, but identifying the type of disease is necessary in order to undergo the necessary treatment, which varies due to different pathogens that provoked one or another type of inflammation.

Non-specific

Appears due to conditionally pathogenic microflora: enterococcus, staphylococcus, streptococcus. The symptoms are similar to the typical manifestation of the disease, the type of discharge is determined by the pathogen, pain is rare, and the acute nature decreases.

Purulent

The pathogenic process spreads to the outer part of the lower segment of the uterus. Purulent cervicitis is provoked by the diseases gonococcus, trachoma bacillus,. To identify purulent cervicitis, it is necessary to use special laboratory methods: polymer chain reaction, bacteriological culture.

Therapy includes taking antibacterial medications, which should be used together by sexual partners. The attending physician prescribes treatment immediately after the examination, without waiting for tests, and later the course of therapy is adjusted.

Atrophic

Appears during a period of decreasing estrogen formation (the process of physiological aging). The deficiency of female sex hormones contributes to changes in the processes that occur in the vaginal epithelium. The acidity of the environment and the protective functions of the microflora decrease. This environment is favorable for the growth of pathogenic microbes.

Atrophic cervicitis is most often an age-related disease. Thinning of the mucous membrane occurs, accompanied by the appearance of ulcers and inflammation. Atrophic inflammation can occur due to traumatic manipulation due to disruption of the structure of the cervical canal or natural childbirth.

To identify this type of disease, a smear is taken, and according to its characteristics, the type and degree of the inflammatory process are determined. Treatment consists of undergoing hormone therapy.

Lymphocytic

The nature of the disease is asymptomatic and is relevant for women during menopause. In the process, follicular formations are formed. If a lymphocytic form is detected, it is necessary to undergo a partial examination to refute (confirm) a malignant tumor - lymphosarcoma.

Cystic

A form of cervicitis with concomitant formation of cysts (benign) in the cervical area. The cause of cystic inflammation is blockage of the mucous glands, their further spread.

Viral

Inflammation appears against the background of infection with HPV, herpes, and human viruses. The disease does not have any special characteristics and features, so it is difficult to recognize, it is confirmed in the laboratory.

In men

Cervicitis is rare in men. Manifested by inflammation of the foreskin, gland, testicles, seminal vesicles. Classified into specific and nonspecific. The reason for the appearance of a specific form is due to the entry of pathogenic organisms into the body.

Diagnostics

The gynecologist examines foci of inflammation, detecting an increase in the coverage of the columnar epithelium, areas of hemorrhage, swelling of the vaginal walls, and genital organs located externally. During infection, you can observe discharge that is specific in color, structure and abundance.

A smear is a technique that allows you to detect pathogenic organisms and the level of leukocytes (excess indicates inflammation).

The doctor takes a smear from the cervix to examine under a microscope. Cytology also helps identify cancer cells. The collected analysis is sown on a nutrient medium; this procedure helps to determine the type of disease, what pathogenic organisms it is caused by (chlamydia, mycoplasma, virus) and identify its resistance to antibacterial drugs.

Sowing allows you to competently and most effectively design a course of therapy.

Pathological lesions on the cervix appear during chronic inflammation; they are detected by treatment with iodine solution. It is necessary to carry out, the procedure allows you to examine a large-scale image of the lining of the cervix and identify microtraumas and malignant cells. Chronic cervicitis involves curettage of the canal between the cervix and uterus, studying the composition of the cells. To exclude possible tumors, the cellular material is examined using ultrasound.

Treatment

First, the sources that provoked cervicitis are identified and eliminated, treatment using metronidazole, acyclovir, diflucan, terzhinan. Hormonal medications are used (chronic cervicitis). The vaginal microflora is corrected through the use of eubiotics and immunocorrectors. If there is erosion, it is necessary to undergo cryotherapy or laser therapy after eliminating the inflammation.

Drugs

The treatment strategy is directly dependent on the identified disease factor:

• Fungal infection - use orally, suppositories with econazole and Natamycin tablets in the vagina.
• Bacterial infection - use antibiotics for cervicitis (Neomycinn suppositories, Metronidazole); anti-inflammatory and antibacterial medications (terzhinan); after eliminating the inflammation, use special suppositories with beneficial ingredients to resume the normal activity of the microflora.
• Atrophic inflammation - the use of suppositories that contain estriol.
• Chlamydial infection - combined use of Tetracycline for at least three weeks.

Folk remedies

Ingredients: 20 g tansy, juniper, sage, birch buds, 10 g alder cones, yarrow, eucalyptus. 2 tbsp. l. Brew a glass of boiling water, steam for 10 minutes, leave for 30 minutes, strain. Drink 70 ml 3 times after meals, from 4 weeks.

Complications

Possible consequences of cervicitis include erosion of the cervix, spread of infection to other organs, inflammation of the glands that are located in the vestibule of the vagina, inflammation of the appendages, malignant neoplasm of the cervical area, risk.

Cervicitis during pregnancy is fraught with miscarriage, premature birth, transmission of infection to the fetus, and complications during childbirth. Azithromycin and medications prescribed individually by a doctor are used to treat pregnant women.

Prevention

Sex with cervicitis is accompanied by discomfort; if there is no discomfort and inflammation is not associated with it, sexual relations are allowed.

To prevent inflammation of the cervix, you need to visit a doctor once every six months, use contraception correctly, eliminate cervical ruptures, not have sex with more than one partner, and strengthen your immune system.