Celandine in folk medicine - medicinal properties and contraindications. The use of celandine in folk medicine for the treatment of skin diseases, in gynecology What is the fruit of greater celandine
Name: Greater celandine.
Other names: Adam's head, warthog, hair grass, yellow milkweed, swallow, field mustard.
The ancient Greeks noticed that this plant appears with the arrival of swallows and fades with their departure, and therefore called it “swallow”. There are other explanations for this name: there was, for example, a belief that swallows collect celandine juice to restore sight to their chicks that were born blind. In ancient times, celandine juice was actually used for eye diseases.
This plant is also called “warthog”, which is associated with the use of its juice for skin diseases: it is used to remove warts. The milky sap of the plant is yellow, hence another name “yellow milkweed” or “yellow spurge”.
Latin name: Chelidonium majus L.
Family: Poppy (Papaveraceae)
Lifespan: Perennial.
Plant type: Herbaceous plant. All parts of celandine contain orange milky juice.
Roots: Short, hollow root.
Trunk (stem): Hollow, ribbed, densely branched, covered with hairs.
Leaves: Pinnately divided, light green above, bluish below.
Flowers, inflorescences: Bright yellow, on long stalks, collected in simple umbrellas.
Flowering time: May June.
Fruit: Boxes that open with two doors.
Ripening time: July-September.
Collection time: The grass is harvested during the flowering period in dry weather. The roots are harvested in autumn or early spring.
Features of collection, drying and storage: To collect grass, branches are cut or broken off at a height of 10-15 cm from the ground. To avoid the decomposition of alkaloids and other physiologically active substances, the raw materials should be sewn immediately. On the first day, the collected grass is dried in the sun, then transferred under cover to dry. Artificial drying is carried out at a temperature of 55-60ºС. The yield of dry raw materials is 11%. Raw materials are stored in dry, well-ventilated areas.
Spreading: In Russia, greater celandine is found in the European part, the Caucasus, Western and Eastern Siberia, and the Far East; in Ukraine – throughout the entire territory.
Habitats: Grows in shady places near homes, in vegetable gardens, orchards, forests, fields, cutting areas, burnt areas, near roads, on the slopes and screes of mountains.
Interesting Facts: Pod-shaped capsules of celandine are filled with black shiny seeds. Each seed has a white comb-like appendage, which is considered a delicacy on the ants' menu. They feast on seeds not only on the spot, but also drag them to their anthill, losing some along the way. The next year, new plants grow along the ant trail. Ants are ubiquitous, so celandine sometimes grows in the most unexpected places - even in the cracks of old stone walls.
The above-ground part of the plant is used to dye wool yellow.
With various mordants, celandine gives a range of shades of yellow. In veterinary medicine it is used to treat bloody urine in cattle and ringworm in dogs. Gardeners use it as an insecticide against pests.
Medicinal parts: Grass and roots.
Useful content: The herb contains organic acids, essential oils, saponins, alkaloids, choline, vitamin C, carotene, flavonoids, tannins and phenolcarboxylic acids.
Actions: Galenic preparations of celandine have choleretic, antispasmodic, analgesic, sedative, anti-inflammatory (bactericidal), diuretic and laxative properties. As experiments have shown, celandine preparations suppress the development of malignant tumors and have a fungistatic and bacteriostatic effect on mycobacterium tuberculosis. Celandine preparations are successfully used (especially in combination with other medicinal plants) in the treatment of hepatitis, cholangitis, cholecystitis and cholelithiasis. A positive therapeutic effect is observed in the treatment of gastritis, gout, rheumatism, angina pectoris, whooping cough, hemorrhoids, as well as in the treatment of skin diseases: skin cancer, chronic erythematosis, pustular rash with impetigo, psoriasis vulgaris, skin tuberculosis, warts, calluses, etc. ., in this case, the internal use of celandine is combined with external use (the affected areas of the skin are lubricated with fresh juice or ointment 3 times a day). Laryngeal papillomatosis in children is treated in a similar way.
There is information about the successful treatment of colon polyposis with celandine. The treatment method (according to A. M. Aminev) is as follows: the required amount of celandine (1 gram of fresh herb per 1 kg of the patient’s weight) is ground in a mortar or passed through a meat grinder to obtain a paste-like mass, which is then poured with hot (70-80ºC) boiled water in ratio 1:10. The cooled mixture is administered to the patient using an enema, but first, 2-3 hours before, a cleansing enema is given. The medicinal mixture is kept in the colon for 1-2 hours. Such enemas are done every other day, and if the patient tolerates them well, then daily. The course of treatment consists of 10-20 enemas. If necessary, it is carried out 2-3 times with a 2-3 month break.
Data on the effectiveness of using celandine for the treatment of cancer of internal organs are contradictory. According to some authors, the improvement in the condition of cancer patients is explained by the narcotic and anesthetic properties of celandine. According to the observations of S.A. Tomilin, a researcher and popularizer of celandine in Ukraine, the plant, if it does not cure, then at least delays the growth of the tumor. Celandine is especially useful in precancerous conditions and after removal of a cancerous tumor, because it delays the development of metastases.
The celandine plant belongs to the poppy family and the dicotyledonous genus. It is a tall perennial herbaceous shrub with a hollow stem and lyre-shaped dark green leaves. Celandine blooms with yellow flowers, and then in their place small pods ripen, which crack in two and throw out seeds. The plant bears fruit 2-3 times during the summer, so it reproduces effectively and is found almost everywhere.
Science knows two types of celandine:
Chelidonium asiaticum – Asian (30-50 cm tall);
Chelidonium majus – large (50-120 cm tall).
Both types of plants are poisonous, but have a number of beneficial properties, so they have long been actively used in both Eastern and European folk medicine. The Russian-language name of this herb speaks for itself - it “cleanses the body” of warts, pimples and non-healing wounds. And the Latin name has a beautiful origin story: in the time of Avicenna it was believed that swallows treated the festering and blind eyes of their chicks with the bitter juice of celandine. Hence the term Chelidonium (literally “swallow”). In ancient Rus', celandine had numerous characteristic nicknames: yellow milkweed, podtynnik, warthog, chistukha, dog soap.
Chemical composition of celandine
The leaves, stems, rhizomes and bitter milk of celandine contain:
Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and carotene (vitamin A);
Organic acids (malic, citric, succinic);
Essential oils, bitters, resins and saponins;
Natural antibiotics (phytoncides);
Poisonous alkaloids (chelidonine, sanguinarine, protopine, alocryptopine, coptisine).
Chelidonine and its derivatives deserve special attention: oxychelidonine, homochelidonine and methoxychelidonine. This alkaloid is a direct relative of morphine, which is not surprising, since celandine is a relative of poppy. Chelidonine in small doses has an analgesic effect, but in large doses it causes convulsions and paralysis of the nervous system. The highest content of alkaloids is in the rhizomes of celandine (up to 0.5%), however, the leaves of the plant are also poisonous, so livestock on pastures avoid it.
Useful properties of celandine and its use
With proper skill and care, celandine can be used to cure many diseases.
Thanks to its complex and rich biologically active composition, celandine has a multifaceted effect on the human body:
Anesthetic;
Antitumor;
Bactericidal;
Antifungal;
Wound healing;
Antispasmodic;
Bile and diuretic;
Expectorant.
Celandine is used to treat diseases:
Water infusion. To prepare a water-based decoction of celandine, you need 1 tablespoon of dry celandine herb and 1 glass of boiling water. The herb should be poured with a glass of boiling water, then covered and left to steep for 30–40 minutes. Next, the infusion must be strained and taken chilled, 2/3 cup 15 minutes before meals. This tincture is used to normalize liver function.
ENT organs and respiratory system– runny nose, bronchitis, tracheitis, laryngitis, sore throat, pneumonia, asthma, whooping cough, tuberculosis;
In animals, it initially causes a state of depression, and after it comes complete paralysis of the nervous system. An overdose can lead to very severe cramps, so strictly follow the dosage.
Sanguinarine can have a similar effect. Only it is still able to increase the activity of the intestines and increases the secretion of saliva, and can also have a local analgesic effect. As numerous studies have shown, celandine’s most basic properties are antispasmodic, choleretic and anti-inflammatory.
How to prepare juice, tincture and decoction of celandine?
Celandine tincture
The medicine can be purchased in ready-made form, but since celandine grows almost everywhere, it is not worth spending money. Go for the herb in early summer, when the plant first blooms and the leaves are still fresh and fleshy. Wash them thoroughly, chop them finely and fill a liter jar to the top with raw materials, then fill them with 70% medical alcohol and leave in a dark, dry place for 2 weeks. In addition, if you can infuse celandine tincture for 5-6 months, you will receive an even more concentrated and highly effective medicine.
It is better to treat serious diseases, especially cancer, with the help of alcohol tincture, since in ordinary decoctions and water infusions the concentration of alkaloids is an order of magnitude lower. In addition, alcohol tincture can be stored for a long time and consumed economically. By waiting six months, you will receive high-quality and effective medicine with virtually no investment.
You should start treatment with celandine tincture only when the expected benefit is greater than the possible risk. Remember that this is essentially a potent plant poison that you need to gradually get used to. For the first 3-4 weeks, the tincture is taken 5-10 drops per day, and then every week the dosage is increased by 10 drops, and so on up to 50. The duration of treatment depends on the type of disease: for example, for cancer and tuberculosis, celandine tincture is taken for at least six months.
You can prepare celandine tinctures not only alcohol-based, but also water-based:
Celandine juice
In folk medicine, there are 2 ways to prepare celandine juice:
First way: From fresh, just collected stems of celandine up to 15 cm long, together with flowers, it is quite possible to prepare the juice of this herb for the winter. To prepare juice for the winter from celandine raw materials, the leaves must be passed through a meat grinder and then thoroughly squeezed. The resulting juice should be placed in the refrigerator for three days, and then the juice should be strained through cheesecloth, poured into a clean container and covered with a lid that has small holes so that gas does not accumulate in the jar during the fermentation process of the juice. After three weeks, the fermentation process of the juice in the jar will end and the finished celandine juice will be able to stand in the refrigerator until the next “harvest” of the herb.
Second way Celandine juice can be prepared as follows: you need to carefully cut the grass stems 12–15 cm long along with the flowers, then pass them through a meat grinder and squeeze out the juice, as in the first method. Then you should add alcohol or vodka at the rate of 500 g of vodka or 250 g of alcohol per 1 liter of juice.
Celandine juice, as has already become clear, is very useful: it can cure approximately 250 skin and other diseases, for example, herpes, burns, pimples, acne, lupus, fungus, fistulas, scabies, peeling, condylomas, polyps, etc.
Celandine decoction
To prepare a decoction of celandine, you need fresh or pre-dried raw materials (sold in a pharmacy).
Pour 1 teaspoon of dry raw material with a glass of boiling water, let it brew for 15 minutes, then strain. The decoction is good for diseases of the liver, gall bladder, duodenum, as well as for diseases of the bladder. Take 1/3 cup 3 times a day. The course of treatment is 5-7 days.
Treatment with celandine
Celandine is successfully used to combat initial forms of skin tuberculosis, true adenomatous polyps of the large intestine, cervical erosion, intestinal and laryngeal papillomatosis. Also, eczema, lichen and acne respond very well to treatment with celandine; in addition, celandine promotes the healing of purulent ulcers and wounds.
In homeopathy, celandine is very often used for liver diseases that are difficult to diagnose and recognize, and they have the following symptoms: poor health in damp weather, while in a warm room it suddenly becomes better, the appearance of a sharp feeling of disgust for cold drinks and meat , craving for hot coffee. In rare cases, homeopaths themselves prescribe celandine for diseases such as pneumonia, pleurisy, gout, headaches accompanied by dizziness and general weakness, stomach and liver cancer.
Celandine for skin diseases
Psoriasis
If the lesion is small, it should be lubricated with freshly squeezed celandine milk in the morning and evening for 10-14 days.
If psoriasis has affected large areas of the skin, take baths for the same period: for every 3 liters of boiling water, take 25 grams of chopped herbs, brew and wait until the infusion cools to a comfortable temperature.
BPH. To stop an acute inflammatory process, you need to dilute 2 teaspoons of celandine juice in half a glass of water every day for a week and drink this solution at any convenient time. Treatment of prostate adenoma with celandine will be more effective if you supplement it with herbal enemas with chamomile, sage and 1 tablespoon of celandine juice.
Treatment of celandine diseases of the gastrointestinal tract
Celandine is used for the following gastrointestinal diseases:
Dried celandine – 3 parts;
Cholecystitis. Alcohol tincture of celandine, prepared independently according to our recipe or purchased at a pharmacy, for cholecystitis and cholelithiasis, take 10 drops per day for two weeks, while following a strict diet prescribed by a doctor.
Cirrhosis of the liver. For 2 parts of dried celandine, take 1 part each of yarrow, adonis and horsetail. Twice a day, prepare an infusion of a glass of boiling water and two teaspoons of this mixture, leave it for 15-20 minutes and drink completely before meals. You can also take fresh celandine juice, a teaspoon three times a day, but there may be side effects, although the effectiveness will be higher.
Hepatitis. Take one part each of dried celandine and calamus rhizomes. An infusion is prepared from two teaspoons of this mixture and a glass of boiling water for 60 minutes, then divided into 6 parts and taken throughout the day. The course of treatment for hepatitis with celandine is 2-3 weeks.
A decoction of the following ingredients also helps:
Treatment of kidney diseases with celandine
Celandine is used for the following kidney diseases:
Pyelonephritis. For acute pyelonephritis, take a teaspoon of dried celandine and cornflower flowers, steam with three glasses of boiling water and leave for about an hour. The finished infusion is filtered, cooled and stored in the refrigerator, and it should be taken a quarter glass before meals for 10-14 days, until the symptoms of pyelonephritis disappear.
Treatment of the nasopharynx, maxillary cavities, frontal sinuses, gums. Celandine juice must be instilled with a pipette into each nostril. During the instillation process, after 1-2 drops of juice, a slight tingling sensation will be felt, 3-5 minutes after the juice of one or two drops is absorbed, the tingling in the nostrils will go away, then the instillation must be repeated. Thus, a total of a full pipette of celandine juice should “go” into each nostril. If at this moment the nose was stuffy, then breathing through the nose will immediately become easier.
Ear diseases. To prepare an ointment from celandine, you need crushed leaves. Mix 50 g of celandine, 25 g of lanolin, 25 g of petroleum jelly. This ointment should be lubricated on the outer skin and the ear canal itself 2-3 times a day.
Celandine can also treat periodontal disease, liver disease, gall bladder, it can be instilled into the eyes, if there is a cataract and trachoma, it can be placed on a sore tooth. If there are polyps in the rectum, you need to do an enema of 50–60 g of water with the addition of 5–7 drops of celandine juice.
Treatment of cancer with celandine
The general recommendation for cancer patients is to either take freshly squeezed celandine juice, starting with half a teaspoon three times a day, gradually increasing the dosage every 10 days to 1 tablespoon, or treat with alcohol tincture according to the method described above. It is imperative to take breaks between short courses of 1-2 weeks to avoid intoxication of the body and the addictive effect of your illness.
There are special recommendations for the following types of cancer:
Breast cancer. 4 tablespoons of crushed celandine rhizome should be poured with one liter of boiling water, cover the jar and wait several hours. Strain the cooled infusion and take half a glass three times a day before meals. The treatment regimen for breast cancer with celandine is as follows: take the medicine for 10 days, then take a 10-day break; 5 days on medication, 5 days off. This way you can be treated for six months, and then take a break for a whole month.
Lungs' cancer. Take the stems of fresh celandine, peel the leaves, cut them to the height of a liter or three-liter jar, compact them tightly in an upright position and fill them to the top with medical alcohol. Keep the tightly closed jar in a dark, dry place for 3-4 weeks, then strain the infusion and take half a teaspoon three times a day according to the following scheme: 2 weeks on treatment, 2 weeks off.
Stomach cancer. Every day you need to prepare a fresh decoction in a water bath for 15 minutes, from a tablespoon of celandine and 1 glass of water, cool it and drink it in three doses before meals.
The treatment regimen for stomach cancer with celandine is as follows: 10 days on, 10 days off; 14 days on, 14 days off; 7 days on, 7 days off. A mixture of 1 part alcohol tincture of celandine, 3 parts alcohol tincture of peppermint and 6 parts rosehip syrup also helps well. This medicine is taken 2 tablespoons three times a day 15 minutes before meals for 2-4 weeks.
In order to prepare an infusion of celandine for the treatment of cancer, you need to take 1 tablespoon of dry crushed celandine raw materials, pour 1 glass of boiling water (in a thermos), let it brew for 1 or 1.5 hours, then you need to strain the product and take 1-2 tablespoons 3 times a day 20–30 minutes before meals. This infusion should be used for cancer of internal organs, skin tumors, and rectal polyps. There will be an even greater effect if you apply celandine juice or infusion topically.
Celandine ointment. Take 20 g of powder made from celandine herb, 10 g of lanolin, 70 g of petroleum jelly. All ingredients must be thoroughly mixed and used to treat skin cancer (it is necessary to lubricate the affected areas 2-3 times a day). This ointment also helps very well to cope with calluses, warts, papillomas, condylomas, and is a good remedy for psoriasis, eczema and skin tuberculosis.
To prevent the growth of metastases, an infusion of celandine mixed with calendula and nettle can be helpful. All herbs must be taken in equal parts, finely chopped and mixed 1 tablespoon of herbal mixture with a glass of boiling water in a thermos. It is recommended to take 0.5 cups of infusion on an empty stomach in the morning, and the second half of a glass in the evening, before dinner.
Instructions for using celandine in folk medicine:
Contraindications to treatment with celandineCelandine is a poisonous plant! It’s not for nothing that livestock on pastures never chew celandine. Celandine contains chelidonin, which can initially cause a depressed state in animals, after which complete paralysis of the entire nervous system of the animal occurs. This substance is very similar in action to morphine. It is for this reason that when using this plant, you must be extremely careful or use it in small quantities along with other herbs.
Celandine can cause severe irritation and inflammation of the entire digestive tract, and can also lower blood pressure. In case of overdose or poisoning with celandine, the following symptoms are observed: severe thirst, heaviness of the head, stomach, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea, possible dizziness, in rare cases even loss of consciousness or hallucinations. This happens for the reason that celandine juice contains a fairly large amount of alkaloids.
Since celandine is poisonous, it should not be taken by small children and pregnant women, even if there is good reason to do so. The underdeveloped protective functions of a child’s body will not allow him to quickly cope with intoxication. And, getting into the blood of the expectant mother, celandine alkaloids can poison the fetus and cause the effect of short-term oxygen starvation.
In case of poisoning. If celandine poisoning does occur, you should immediately stop taking it, rinse your stomach thoroughly, and then you should still consult a doctor.
For epilepsy. People suffering from epilepsy should not take celandine, as it has the ability to cause seizures. People suffering from severe mental disorders, especially those with psychosis, should not use celandine.
For other diseases. Contraindications for the use of celandine include bronchial asthma, angina pectoris, cardiac decompensation of degrees I and II, as well as various neurological diseases. You should not use celandine juice if there is a possibility of it getting into areas of the skin where there is damage, as it will cause a severe inflammatory process.
Intestinal problems. When celandine is used internally, constipation or dysbacteriosis may occur. This can happen because celandine juice can cause disruption of intestinal microflora. To get rid of this, you can use the good old recipe: heat the milk so that it is warm, dissolve a piece of butter in it and do an enema. Calculation of proportions – 300 ml of milk per 30 g of butter. When doing a milk or butter enema, it is best to lie with your head slightly below your pelvis. It is quite enough to do an enema of milk and butter 1-2 times a day for two or maybe even five weeks, it’s easier to say how long it takes to get rid of this problem.
People with hypotension Celandine is contraindicated because it further reduces blood pressure. But for hypertensive patients, such a remedy is just right. Easily excitable people suffering from insomnia, and, even more so, serious diseases of the central nervous system and psyche, celandine is not recommended, because it can cause anxiety, convulsions and even clouding of consciousness in case of an overdose.
Cases of individual intolerance to celandine are rare, but if you are allergic to it, you will notice it at first contact. When using medicinal herbs, you should always listen to your feelings - the body itself will tell you that this plant is not suitable for it. Severe itching, redness and especially swelling upon skin contact with celandine indicate the danger of further use.
In the end, let us return once again to the question of the advisability of treatment with celandine. As we have already said, it is advisable to decide to use a known poisonous plant only when the benefits of its use certainly outweigh the harm. This means that you need to be treated with celandine for serious reasons, and not just for prevention or experiment. Take care of yourself and be healthy!
Consultation with a herbalist Khalisat Suleymanova on the use of hemlock, aconite and celandine
Pharmacotherapeutic group. External anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, antispasmodic, choleretic agent.
Description of the plant
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Rice. 10.24. Great celandine - Chelidonium majus L.
Celandine grass-herba chelidonii
- chelidonium majus l.
Sem. Poppy- papaveraceae
Other names: warthog, chistula, swallowgrass, yellow milkweed, glaceweed, cleanweed, melon grass
perennial herbaceous plant with erect branched shoots 30-80 cm high (Fig. 10.24).
Root rod-shaped, branched, with a short vertical rhizome.
Leaves alternate, deeply unpaired-pinnate (lyre-shaped) with almost opposite pairs of lobes. The basal and lower stem leaves are larger, on long petioles, the upper ones are sessile, with fewer lobes. The leaf lobes are rounded or ovate, with a large, irregularly crenate edge. The leaves are green above, bluish below, covered with a waxy coating.
Flowers bright yellow on long stalks, collected in 4-8 at the ends of the stems in umbrella-shaped inflorescences. The calyx consists of 2 sepals, which fall off when the flower opens. The corolla is regular, of 4 obovate petals, 10-15 mm in diameter. There are many stamens. Pistil 1, with an upper single-locular ovary.
Fetus- a pod-shaped box 3-6 cm long, opening with two valves from the base to the apex.
Seeds brownish-black, numerous, shiny, with a white comb-like appendage. All parts of the plant contain an orange milky sap.
Blooms from May to autumn. The fruits are ripening in July - September.
Composition of celandine
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Chemical composition of celandine
All parts of the plant contain
- alkaloids, isoquinoline derivatives, the amount of which in the grass can reach 2%, and in the roots - 4%.
Alkaloid composition very complex, and in their structure they belong to different subgroups of isoquinoline derivatives:
In addition to alkaloids there are
- saponins, 0.01%
- essential oil,
- flavonoids (rutin, kaempferol, quercetin),
- tannins,
- organic acids (citric, malic, succinic),
- vitamins (ascorbic acid, carotenoids).
Properties and uses of celandine
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Pharmacological properties of celandine
Celandine herb has multifaceted pharmacological activity.
However the main properties are
- antispasmodic,
- choleretic and
- anti-inflammatory (bactericidal).
Celandine alkaloids have the greatest pharmacological activity.
Chelidonin gives pronounced
- painkiller and
- calming effect,
similar in action to poppy alkaloids - papaverine and morphine,
Chelidonine has Also
- antispasmodic effect on smooth muscles,
- has hypotensive and
- bradycardic properties.
Homochelidonin, against,
- gives an exciting-convulsive effect,
- has a strong local anesthetic effect.
Alkaloid protopine, contained in the plant in fairly large quantities,
- reduces the reactivity of the nervous system and
- enhances smooth muscle tone.
It is typical for chelerythrine
- pronounced local irritant effect.
Sanguinarine renders
- anticholinesterase effect (increases intestinal motility and salivary secretion),
Berberine has
- choleretic.
Celandine preparations
- inhibit the growth of cancerous tumors and
- development of metastases,
- have fungistatic and
- bacteriostatic effect.
Application of celandine
Celandine herb is used in the form of 2.5% aqueous infusion inside How
- choleretic and
- bactericidal agent
for diseases of the liver and gall bladder,
and also as an external
- anti-inflammatory agent for various skin diseases.
Milky juice of celandine has long been used to reduce warts.
Celandine herb extract is part of complex preparations with choleretic and antispasmodic effects.
Celandine herb is used with caution and only as prescribed by a doctor.
Application contraindicated persons suffering
- epilepsy,
- angina pectoris
- bronchial asthma,
- as well as in a number of neurological syndromes.
The plant is poisonous, in case of an overdose, poisoning may develop (symptoms - nausea, vomiting, paralysis of the respiratory center).
Spreading
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Spreading. Eurasian species. Distributed in all areas of the European part of the country, in Siberia (except for the Arctic), and in the Caucasus.
Habitat. It grows as a weed-ruderal plant near housing, in vacant lots, in gardens, parks, and vegetable gardens. It occurs in small clumps and does not form large thickets. Natural reserves are many times greater than the needs for celandine raw materials.
Procurement and storage of raw materials
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Rice. 10.24. Great celandinePreparation. The grass is harvested during the phase of mass flowering of the plant (from June to August), cutting it off with knives or sickles, and when it is dense, mowing the flowering tops with scythes, without the rough lower parts of the stems.
Security measures. When harvesting for the renewal of thickets, it is necessary to leave well-developed individuals for seeding, and not to uproot the plants. In order to preserve the thickets, repeated harvesting is carried out no earlier than after 2-3 years.
Drying. Dry without delay in dryers at a temperature of 50-60 ° C, in attics under an iron roof or under a canopy with good ventilation. The raw materials are laid out loosely, in a thin layer, turning over from time to time. When dried slowly, the grass turns brown and rots.
When packaging raw materials, it is necessary to put wet gauze masks on your face, since the dust from it causes severe irritation of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity.
Standardization. GF XI, issue. 2, art. 47.
Storage. In dry, well-ventilated areas, according to list B. Shelf life: 3 years.
External signs of raw materials
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Whole raw materials. Whole or partially crushed leafy stems with buds, flowers and fruits of varying degrees of development, pieces of stems, leaves, flowers and fruits. The stems are slightly ribbed, sometimes branched, hollow at the internodes, slightly pubescent, up to 50 cm long. The leaves are alternate, petiolate, broadly elliptical in outline, the blades are unpaired-pinnately dissected with 3-4 pairs of crenate-lobed segments. The buds are obovate with two pubescent sepals that fall off when the flower opens. Flowers 4-8 in axillary umbellate inflorescences on peduncles that lengthen during fruiting. Corolla of 4 obovate petals, many stamens, superior ovary. The fruit is an oblong, pod-shaped, bivalve capsule. The seeds are numerous, small, ovoid with a pitted surface (under a magnifying glass), with a fleshy white appendage. The color of the stems is light green, the leaves are green on one side and bluish on the other, the corolla is bright yellow, the fruits are grayish-green, the seeds are brownish to black. The smell is peculiar. Taste is not determined (!).
Crushed raw materials. Pieces of leaves, stems, flowers and fruits of various shapes, passing through a sieve with holes with a diameter of 7 mm. The color is grayish-green with yellow splashes. The smell is peculiar. Taste is not determined (!).
Microscopy of raw materials
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Rice. 10.25. Microscopy of a celandine leafWhen examining the leaf from the surface, epidermal cells with sinuous walls are visible. Stomata only on the underside of the leaf with 4-7 parastomatal cells (anomocytic type).
On the underside of the leaf along the veins there are sparse long simple hairs with thin walls, often torn, consisting of 7-20 cells, sometimes twisted or with individual collapsed segments. At the top of the crenate teeth, at the convergence of the veins, there is a hydathode with a papillary epidermis and 2-5 large water stomata. Cells of spongy parenchyma with large intercellular spaces (aerenchyma). The veins are accompanied by lacticifers with dark brown granular contents (after boiling in alkali) (Fig. 10.25).
Rice. 10.25. Microscopy of a celandine leaf:
A - epidermis of the upper side;
B - fragment of a leaf from the bottom side;
B - fragment of a leaf vein: 1 - hairs; 2 - milkies; 3 - spongy parenchyma.
Numerical indicators of raw materials
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Whole raw materials. The amount of alkaloids, determined potentiometrically, in terms of chelidonine is not less than 0.2%; humidity no more than 14%; total ash no more than 15%; ash, insoluble in a 10% solution of hydrochloric acid, no more than 2%; browned and yellowed parts of grass no more than 3%; organic impurity no more than 1%; mineral impurity no more than 0.5%.
Crushed raw materials. The amount of alkaloids in terms of chelidonine is not less than 0.2%; humidity no more than 14%; total ash no more than 15%; ash, insoluble in a 10% solution of hydrochloric acid, no more than 2%; particles that do not pass through a sieve with holes with a diameter of 7 mm, no more than 10%; particles passing through a sieve with holes measuring 0.5 mm, no more than 10%; organic impurity no more than 1%; mineral impurity no more than 0.5%.
Medicines based on celandine
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- Celandine grass, crushed raw materials. Choleretic, anti-inflammatory agent.
- Celandine herb extract is included in complex preparations (“Hepatofalk planta”, “Holagogum”, “Holaflux”, etc.).
Herb botanical description photo pharmacognosy family medicinal properties application fruits raw materials
Latin name Chelidonium majus L.
Description
Great celandine. Teberda Nature Reserve.Perennial herbaceous plant of the poppy family, up to 90 cm high.
The root is taproot, low-branched. The rhizome is multi-headed, short.
The stem is straight, hollow, ribbed, densely branched, covered with hairs, and at the break it secretes yellowish-orange juice.
The leaves are pinnate, alternate, crenate, pinnately dissected, light green above, bluish below. The lower leaves are on long petioles, the upper ones are sessile.
The flowers are on thin, long stalks, yellow, collected in umbrella-shaped inflorescences.
The fruit is a pod.
Blooms in May - August. Ripens in July - September.
Spreading
Distributed throughout most of the European territory of the USSR, the Caucasus, Kazakhstan and Central Asia. It grows in shady places near homes, in vegetable gardens, forests, fields, cutting areas, burnt areas, on mountain slopes and screes.
Teberda Nature Reserve. In deciduous forests, among bushes, in weedy places in the forest belt, 1300-1350 m above sea level. Usually.
Chemical composition
Active ingredients
The aerial part contains organic acids (citric, succinic, malic), essential oil, saponins, alkaloids (coptizines, protopine, chelidonine, chelerytine, sanguinarine, etc.), choline, histamine, tyramine, methylalanine, vitamin C, provitamin A, carotene, flavonoids , tannins and phenolcarboxylic acids.
Great celandine Application
The above-ground part of the plant is used to dye wool yellow. With various mordants, celandine produces a range of shades of yellow. In veterinary medicine it is used to treat bloody urine in cattle and ringworm in dogs. In gardens and vegetable gardens it is used as an insecticide against pests.
Raw materials
The stems, leaves, flowers and roots have medicinal properties. The grass is collected in May - June in the flowering phase in dry weather, cutting or breaking off branches at a height of 10-15 cm from the ground, roots - in the fall. Dry in an attic or under a canopy with good ventilation or in a dryer at a temperature of 50...60°C, spreading out in a thin layer. When bent, finished raw materials break rather than bend. Store in bags or wooden containers for 3 years.
Medicinal use
Celandine is known for its antiseptic properties and is used mainly to treat skin diseases - calluses, warts. Recently it became known that celandine infusion can inhibit the growth of malignant tumors.
Celandine preparations have anti-inflammatory, antipruritic, antimicrobial, wound-healing, analgesic, antihistamine, diuretic, choleretic, anticonvulsant and cauterizing effects. They significantly reduce or prevent the development of certain fungal diseases and have an antiviral effect.
Fresh juice and finely ground herbs are used to remove warts, calluses, and freckles. They cauterize condylomas, treat lupus erythematosus, periodontal disease, rectal polyps, psoriasis, eczema and furunculosis. Fresh juice and crushed grass are applied to the affected areas of the skin or compresses are applied. The procedure is repeated 3 times a day.
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