How do stimulants work? Male potency stimulants. What do people who quit psychostimulants experience?

Stimulants are a family of drugs that improve mood, well-being, energy and focus. These include drugs such as cocaine, methamphetamine, methylphenidate, nicotine and MDMA, better known as ecstasy.

• Cocaine comes in two forms: powder and hydrochloride salt. Crack is a type of cocaine that can be smoked.
• Methamphetamine is a powerful stimulant derived from amphetamine. It looks like crystalline powder that easily dissolves in water or alcohol.
• Amphetamine often looks like a pill and is often prescribed by doctors for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
• Methylphenidate (Ritalin) is prescribed by doctors for the same diagnoses.

Long-term use of such drugs leads to irreversible changes in the chemical structure of the brain, loss of weight, physical and mental abilities.

This is just a short list of drugs that cause addiction and lead to serious changes in the body, deterioration of health and even death. Their number is huge, and the consequences are dangerous and unpredictable. Educating the population in this area is a very important factor in the fight against drug addiction.

What are the street names for stimulants?

Cocaine: blow, K, Charlie, coke, devil's dandruff, marching powder, pearls, snow, whistle, French freedom.

Amphetamine: bones, black handsome, awesome, adrenaline, crystal, mixers, diet pills, eye openers, caps, oops, leg warmers, awakening, meth.

Ecstasy: Adam, sandwiches, disco cookies, pigeons, echo, ecstasy, express, illusion, window glass.

How are stimulants used?

They are abused in several ways, depending on the type of drug:

• swallowed in tablet form;
• inhale the powder through the nose so that the drug is absorbed into the blood through the nasal capillaries;
• administered intravenously using syringes and needles so that the drug enters directly into the blood;
• The crystals are heated and smoked or inhaled into the lungs.

If the drug is injected or smoked, it causes a rapid “high” because it quickly enters the bloodstream. If you inhale or smell it, the “high” comes later, but lasts longer.

Powder cocaine is usually injected, snorted, or rubbed into the gums. Street dealers often dilute it with talcum powder, flour or sugar. Sometimes an anesthetic or other types of narcotic are added to it.

Methamphetamine is swallowed, snorted, injected, and smoked. “Ice,” the smokable form of methamphetamine, appears as large, clear crystals.

What is the short-term effect of stimulants?

With short-term effects, they can cause a feeling of incredible pleasure, prolong the alert state and reduce appetite. People who use stimulants become more talkative, energetic, anxious, and irritable. In some cases, body temperature, pulse, and blood pressure increase. Slowness in school and work, nausea, blurred vision, muscle spasms and confusion are also consequences of stimulant use. Constriction of blood vessels causes the heart to work harder to pump blood throughout the body. The work of the heart becomes so complicated that the natural rhythm of its work may be temporarily disrupted. This process is called fibrillation, and can be very dangerous because it stops blood circulation throughout the body.

What are the long-term effects of stimulants?

Long-term drug use leads to irreversible changes in the structure of brain neurons. This leads to paranoia, aggression, anorexia, difficulty thinking, visual and auditory hallucinations, delusions and terrible dental problems.

Chronic use of stimulants leads to the development of tolerance to the euphoric effect, which leads to the need to constantly increase the dose, which in turn increases the risk of fatal overdose.

Chronic use of methamphetamine causes mood swings, psychosis, promiscuous sexual activity, and paranoia, which leads to murder or suicide. This behavior causes crime and the spread of AIDS.

Can stimulants be deadly?

Yes, in rare cases, sudden death can be caused by the first use of cocaine. Also, like many other types of drugs, stimulants lead to death from overdose.

Can stimulant addiction be cured?

Several types of therapy are effective in treating this addiction. It is necessary to teach a person to think differently, change his behavior and hopes, teach him to independently cope with life’s stresses, without the help of drugs.

For help, you should contact specialists at drug addiction treatment centers.

Stimulants that affect the central nervous system include substances that cause a feeling of vigor and have a tonic effect on the body. Narcotic stimulants accelerate processes occurring in human systems and organs. The result of the action is the elimination of fatigue, drowsiness, activation of memory, brain activity and motor activity.

Their beneficial properties can support a person in difficult times, but their abuse leads over time to addiction and deterioration of health. The purpose of these drugs is to treat patients with mental disorders, but they are not always used for this purpose. Sometimes they are taken to overcome fear, uncertainty, and to replenish strength after physical exertion. That is, to give an impetus to increasing the threshold of endurance and for a good mood.

Among the common psychostimulants there are legal mild drugs and prohibited heavy drugs. The first includes caffeine and nicotine, adaptogens and analeptics, the second includes methamphetamines, amphetamines, ecstasy, the sale of which is a criminal offense. Legal stimulants are used by most people because they are found in tea, coffee and other products that are on our table every day. In order to increase concentration and get the desired stimulation of activity, many people brew strong coffee or make chifir. Smokers get their share of pleasure from tobacco; those who can buy ephedrine at a pharmacy take it to feel an increase in strength and mood.

These are all light, approved stimulants that anyone can take in various life situations.

Heavy stimulants have a stronger effect; they are called narcotic drugs because they develop psychological dependence, which requires treatment in a specialized clinic. Long-term use of such substances leads to pathological disorders in systems and organs, changes the human psyche, and leads to personality degradation.

The group of heavy narcotic stimulants includes:

• amphetamines under the slang name of aids,
• methamphetamines, called Pervitin or Vint by drug addicts,
• cocaine,
• dexamphetamine,
• crack.

The mechanism of action of these drugs is a profound effect on the central nervous system, brain receptors and changes in reactions. Their regular use causes intoxication, and when they are discontinued, psychosis occurs.

The emergence of stimulants and their spread

Since ancient times, herbal adaptogens have been used in folk medicine, for example, ginseng root, echinacea, rosea, eleutherococcus, zamanikha, lemongrass, and aralia. Active use is typical for organic matter obtained from deer horns. Bioadditives related to actoprotectors and increasing performance are popular among the population.

There is nothing wrong with increasing your stamina and giving your body an extra boost. Stimulants are often used by athletes, people striving to achieve a lot in life, and students during a session. Doctors also recommend using natural bioactive substances, for example, to restore potency, get rid of chronic fatigue, and increase vitality.

In addition to the positive examples of using psychoactive components of plant origin, there are negative factors of taking stimulants. It is known that with their help Japanese kamikazes went to their deaths. Psychotropics also dulled the sense of fear among German soldiers during the war. But the first cases of the use of central nervous system stimulants were noted already in ancient times. The Indians drank drinks made from coca leaves and chewed them in order to “rejuvenate the body.” In Europe, they became acquainted with coca after the Spaniards brought it from the Andes.

The first attempts at artificial production of psychostimulants included the synthesis of methamphetamine in Germany. This happened in 1887, and then Japan took the baton and a stronger form of stimulant based on plant materials appeared. Methamphetamine became widespread during the First World War. Then this psychoactive substance began to be used in the USA and other countries as a medical drug against obesity and depression. Its free sale led to the emergence of a large number of people dependent on it, and it was banned. After this, clandestine laboratories were organized in different countries for the production of synthetic stimulants, which operate to this day.

Mild stimulants

Caffeine and nicotine are legal stimulants used by millions of people. Caffeine is found in coffee beans and cola nuts. There are forms of the substance synthesized artificially. In moderate doses, caffeine is beneficial because it relieves drowsiness, fatigue and activates brain function.

The principle of influence on the central nervous system is the following effects:

• stimulating effect on the cerebral cortex;
• activating effect on metabolic processes;
• stimulation of mental activity;
• increased performance.

But the benefits of caffeine are typical only for people who have a strong nervous system. Those with weakened nerves are not recommended to consume caffeine. Since its presence in the body causes additional irritation, which gradually depletes the nervous system.

Hypertensive patients should also avoid caffeine. It has the property of increasing blood pressure, but for those suffering from migraines, it is useful for relieving pain and spasms in combination with analgesics.

The second most popular drug is nicotine. The substance is an alkaloid and is found in tobacco leaves; it is distinguished by the fact that it causes rapid and persistent addiction. It does not matter in what form the alkaloid is introduced into the body when smoking, chewing, sniffing tobacco or nasvay, addiction develops from all forms.

The first dose of nicotine causes a relaxing effect, unpleasant dizziness and tremors of the limbs. Subsequent doses are easier to tolerate, and when addicted, addicts note the positive aspects of smoking a cigarette:

• short-term memory is stimulated;
• composure appears;
• attention is activated;
• Increased tone is observed in addicts for half an hour, then the addict needs a new dose.

Regular smoking is already an addiction, it needs to be treated, as the consequences can be sad. The nervous, cardiovascular, and respiratory systems suffer, skin color deteriorates, memory and intellectual abilities decrease. It is difficult to fight nicotine addiction, so it is better to go to a drug treatment clinic where they can cure tobacco addiction.

Ephedrine is popular among athletes and those losing weight. It is a stimulant derived from the leaves of the evergreen ephedra plant. This alkaloid is used in medicine to treat asthma, drug intoxication, and allergies. You can buy the drug only with a prescription, since it is considered a potent stimulant of the nervous system and causes undesirable effects:

• significantly reduces the pain threshold, which can be dangerous under certain circumstances;
• stimulates physical activity, the person does not realize in time that critical fatigue has set in;
• the number of heartbeats increases;
• pressure rises.

A strong tonic effect does not come without consequences, the nervous system is depleted, and dependence on the drug develops. Withdrawal from ephedrine is fraught with loss of strength and severe depression.

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Heavy stimulants

Cocaine, amphetamines and methamphetamines are considered strong stimulants. They are classified as severe and bring more significant negative consequences for the body and psyche than mild ones.

Cocaine

Cocaine is obtained from the leaves of the coca bush, it is a plant psychostimulant and was used by ancient Indian tribes to increase tone and vigor. But it was natural when the leaves were simply chewed, and now it is a concentrated powder for inhalation, which causes the following effects:

People become cocaine addicts gradually; to achieve the desired pleasure, the dose has to be increased. As a result, after frequent overexcitation and euphoric states, loss of sleep occurs, blood pressure rises, and heart rhythm is disturbed.

Crack

Not every addict can buy cocaine regularly because it is expensive. For drug addicts on a budget, drug dealers offer a form of crack cocaine. Smoking this drug means getting addicted faster and experiencing stronger sensations than when using cocaine:

• euphoria lasts longer;
• a person feels a great surge of physical strength and mental capabilities;
• sensitivity increases significantly.

Such powerful stimulation of the central nervous system ends in its depletion, hallucinations and imbalance of the entire organism. During the withdrawal period, depression and psychosis occur.

Amphetamines

These are common synthetic stimulants. Their consumers are young people, in particular students. Under the influence of amphetamine, they can successfully pass exams, study at night, earn extra money after lectures, and still not feel tired at all. Increasing the endurance threshold is what attracts you to the stimulant and makes you dependent on it.

The principle of action of the substance is the production of the stress hormone - adrenaline. Adrenaline surge makes a person as active as possible in all areas:

• he is able to solve mental problems;
• perform increased physical activity,
• ignore the pain;
• not sleeping for a long time;
• go without food.

The decrease in appetite from amphetamine has made this narcotic stimulant popular among those who want to gain a slim figure. Fat burning also occurs due to increased physical activity. Activation of internal reserves ends with their excessive expenditure and loss of health. And the feeling of high that you get when taking a psychostimulant causes addiction to it.

Methamphetamine

The action of this substance is similar to amphetamine. The principles of influencing the body are the same, but the effect is stronger. It causes a powerful mobilization of internal reserves; a person can go without sleep for several days, while his physical strength does not decrease, he does not feel tired.

The difference between this psychostimulant is that it is instantly addictive; dependence develops from the first dose. This makes meth more dangerous than amphetamine.

Impact on the body

After the first doses, psychostimulants cause an increase in physical and mental potential, mobilize a person to perform complex tasks, make him resilient and energetic. But excessive stress leaves a negative mark and leads to loss of health.

Such pathological prospects after regular use of psychostimulant substances include the occurrence of various dysfunctions:

• dizziness;
• nausea;
• loss of appetite and, as a result, rapid loss of body weight;
• heart rhythm disturbances;
• emotional instability.

At the same time, the harm from narcotic stimulants is much greater than the benefit.

How does addiction occur?

Dependence occurs on any stimulants, including light and heavy ones. A striking example is the inability to do without coffee or the habit of smoking. Psychological dependence is formed to strong stimulants. Canceling them leads to nervous breakdowns and depression. Addicts have to be brought out of this state with the help of professionals; treatment is carried out in a comprehensive manner with a course of medication and rehabilitation. The healing process can take months.

Why are stimulants dangerous?

Those who believe that a one-time use of a stimulant will not lead to negative consequences will have to be disappointed. Even a single dose will have an effect on the psyche. A person will want to repeat the effect of pleasure, excitement and euphoria. That is, the first high is a step towards addiction.

Subsequent steps are the road to destruction of health and psyche. Long-term use ends in depression, fears and suicidal tendencies. Insomnia and overexcitation deplete the nervous system, and loss of appetite leads to poor health. Addiction to psychostimulants ends in psychosis and premature aging of the entire body, sometimes death from excessive stress on systems and organs.

Brain and psychostimulants

Calculate the cost of addiction treatment

CNS stimulants are designed to make our bad times in life less difficult and relieve some of the moral burden. Everyone chooses their own means. Some people drink a lot of coffee, others prefer alcohol, and still others even drink a special sedative. We will try to figure out whether this is correct and whether such stimulants can be called drugs.

CNS stimulants - effect on the body

Stimulants can increase the rate at which basic processes occur in the body. After taking them, a person feels a surge of vigor, incredible lightness and self-confidence. At such moments you think, “Now I’ll move mountains!” After stimulants, difficult annual reports are easily and quickly filled out, lectures are learned in one night, and other actions are performed that require significantly more time.

But this does not go unnoticed for the body. Interestingly, they were originally sold to people with mental disorders, and later were given to military suicide bombers before going into battle. Therefore, the narcotic properties of such a substance have been mastered for a long time. Their regular use has a negative impact on the functioning of the heart and nervous system. Today there are many stimulants, both illegal and not.

Types of CNS stimulants

The following types of central nervous system stimulants are not prohibited in the world:

• Nicotine;
• Caffeine;
• Ephedrine;
• Chafir.

Illicit drugs have a much stronger effect on the psyche, for example:

• Amphetamine;
• Methamphetamine;
• Crack;
• Cocaine;

Mild stimulants

Mild CNS stimulants are widely used and used by people all over the world. These include caffeine, ephecrine and nicotine. Coffee and cigarettes are regularly advertised on television, in glossy magazines and on the silver screen.

By consuming caffeine in small quantities, you can get rid of fatigue, the desire to sleep and cheer up. Interestingly, this substance is found in much higher concentrations in tea than in coffee. Although it is generally accepted that the opposite is true. Caffeine is obtained from coffee beans and leaves.

Caffeine stimulates the cerebral cortex, which is why it produces such an effect of vivacity and extreme lightness. Thanks to this, it is much easier and more productive to work and complete the assigned tasks. People with a weak nervous system can become aggressive due to caffeine and have difficulty sleeping. In such cases, people try to stay away from such a substance.

Cigarettes containing nicotine are in second place in popularity. Many people feel relaxed during and after smoking, bad thoughts leave them and they stop being aggressive. But smoking has many side effects, including death from lung cancer. Therefore, if you have not started smoking, then it is better not to take up this harmful habit. Even with a strong desire to quit smoking, sometimes it is very difficult; anti-nicotine patches, chewing gum, and special literature are used.

Ephedrine is taken by athletes or women who want to lose weight. More recently, it was used for medicinal purposes to treat asthma and allergies.

In our country it is very difficult to find due to the fact that other potent drugs can be prepared from the drug. The effect of the drug is amazing; for a while, those who take it become stronger, do not feel pain and become more intelligent. Vigor and a surge of strength appear. All these symptoms disappear when the medicine leaves the body.

Heavy central nervous system stimulants

Heavy central nervous system stimulants are more dangerous for humans because their overdose can cause death or end up in intensive care. Cocaine, methamphetamine, and amphetamine cause hallucinations, feelings of euphoria, and a variety of other symptoms. However, they cloud a person's judgment and prevent him from performing daily tasks normally.

In addition, it should be noted the enormous negative harm that drugs have on the human body. Due to constant use of drugs, problems with the kidneys, heart, mucous system or lungs may occur. This largely depends on the duration and method of taking the prohibited substance.

Amphetamine, for example, can significantly increase a person’s physical strength, but at the same time makes him aggressive and dangerous to people around him.

Cocaine tends to be expensive, so not rich people prefer the cheap alternative in the form of crack. It is less pure and may contain impurities, but the effects of the drug are very similar to those of cocaine.

It is highly discouraged to try these substances as they are highly addictive, and treating psychological and physical addiction to illicit substances can require a lot of time and effort. In addition, drugs have a destructive effect on the body and its key systems.

Consequences of taking

The consequences of taking stimulants of the unequal system may vary depending on how often and in what doses a person allows himself such weakness. This will negatively affect the functioning of the kidneys, heart and gastrointestinal tract. If we mention energy drinks that contain caffeine and other stimulants, it has been proven that their use led to heart problems in a young man and death due to this.

Abuse of any stimulants is fraught with negative consequences, so it is worth finding an alternative to them and trying meditation, reading or walking in the fresh air in order to distract yourself and get on a positive note.

Deliberate impact on the body, depriving it of sleep, normal daily routine, proper nutrition and other necessary standards can also have a negative impact, so reconsider your views on this and try to limit yourself in such substances that affect the heart, brain and other key organs.

By doing this, you will not ruin your health and will live a long, happy life, not burdened by the need to visit doctors, treat your heart, do cardiograms and recover from such stimulation.

Video CNS stimulants - student drugs

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Gadgets that affect human muscles using electricity have been on the market for decades. During this time, their reputation changed. At first they gained insane fame and became a hit on TV shopping, because the advertising promised people to build muscle without much effort. Then came the time of disappointment in EMS technology, when everyone realized that it was impossible to become a muscleman without training and dieting.

But over time, EMS myostimulants did not disappear from the shelves: consumers still saw beneficial properties in them. Yes, they won’t turn a skinny geek into Conan the Barbarian, but they will help with muscle recovery and pain relief, and will also be useful to professional athletes during difficult training courses and rehabilitation from injuries.

We have put together all the important information about EMS stimulators, their close relatives TENS, and you can choose the best functional and inexpensive electromyostimulators.

Muscle stimulator - EMS Smart Fitness

This is an excellent electric myostimulator that is powered by batteries that are inserted into the control unit. This gadget is suitable for both beginners and athletes of any gender. With its help, without going to the gym, you can get rid of extra pounds of weight and remove cellulite, as well as pump up your muscles.

The myostimulator is turned on using the middle button. It comes with an ab pad and two pads for the arms and legs. If you attach it loosely to your body, EMS Smart Fitness will turn off within seconds.

The main advantage of this model is the presence of 15 intensity levels. At the same time, you can adjust the switching to the next level more powerfully yourself, which is very convenient even for a beginner. Also, if the sensation is too strong for yourself, you can quickly reduce the level of intensity of the impact on the muscles. The truth is that the kit does not include AA batteries, which is very inconvenient and you have to buy them separately.

Review from a real buyer This stimulator helped me quite quickly lose some weight and tone up my abs. True, from the very beginning, it seemed that it was useless, as it turned out later, there was a defect, and I changed it. Now I'm completely happy with my purchase!

Body stimulator "BODY TRAINER MIO"

A body muscle stimulator is a very cool gadget. Thanks to the active stimulation of muscles with the help of a myostimulator, there is an increase in blood circulation, a decrease in fat and weight loss. At the same time, the muscles are not tense at all, but rather relax, unlike training in the gym on exercise machines. The myostimulator has 4 automatic programs of influence in the form of repeated types of massage, as well as 6 mechanical programs of influence.

In addition, the gadget with an original design and timer has as many as 18 intensity levels, which you can switch independently. And an even bigger advantage is that the myostimulator has a reliable battery that lasts a long time without charging, as well as a USB charger, which is convenient to take with you. The only drawback is that the price of the myostimulator is not affordable for everyone.

Review from a real buyer Mixed feelings about this device. Personally, it only helped me relax in the evening when I turned it on. I did not observe any muscle gain. I also didn’t see any reduction in fat. If you use it purely for energy boost and muscle tone, then the device is worthy.

Myostimulator for rehabilitation - Onron E4

Myostimulator Onron E4, using low and high frequencies, affects various parts of the body, relieving pain. The gadget is unique in that it uses 7 different operating modes for different needs without getting used to it. It even improves blood circulation for numb parts of the body, cramps, and heaviness in the arms and legs.

The myostimulator has great benefits for all people. It can be used by both elderly and children, except for contraindications for certain diseases. Very often this myostimulator is used for electrical stimulation in diseases of muscles and joints. The effectiveness of treatment with a myostimulator has already been proven by many people. The only bad thing is that the electrodes are delicate and can quickly break off.

Review from a real buyer Excellent myostimulator! I especially liked the abundance of his work! You just turn it on and watch TV and do other things. Very easy to use and the price is reasonable.

Stimulator STL ANMS Mercury

This is an excellent device for the neuromuscular system, suitable for physiotherapeutic procedures, which can be carried out anywhere, since the myostimulator is very light in weight and can be taken with you. It is also pleasing that the duration of the procedure can be chosen at will from 5 minutes to an hour and a half. It all depends on the needs for using a myostimulator for treatment. When stimulating muscle activity with this device, they contract without releasing lactic acid, which has a strong negative effect on the muscles and poisons them.

The intensity of work is regulated independently, and the myostimulator runs on 4 batteries, which need to be changed if necessary. This is very inconvenient and there is not enough battery to charge. In addition, the price is also expensive, but in general, this is an effective device for solving many muscle problems.

Review from a real buyer Very pleasant sensations from this stimulator. I've been using it for about 3 weeks, no complaints, on the contrary, only admiration for its performance! I liked the kit for installing the device. The battery lasts a long time and you don’t have to change it often!

Comparative table of the best myostimulators

A large group of drugs used for narcotic purposes include central nervous system stimulants, psychostimulants, amphetamines, stimulants, psychotonics, and doping agents. The most commonly used of them are phenamine (amphetamine), nervitin, peridrol, centedrine, meridil, ephedrine, theophedrine. This group also includes plant-derived nervous system stimulants cola, beatel, mate, khat and the more common coffee, coffee grounds (coffee in in the form of thick jelly) and chifir (concentrated tea infusion - 50 g of chifir contains approximately 0.35 g of caffeine), which is obtained by boiling tea for a long time in a small amount of water. Caffeine is also used in the form of medication (tablets, injections).

The main pharmacological effect of chifir is determined mainly by the content of a large amount of caffeine and its alkaloids. This drug enhances and regulates excitation processes in the cerebral cortex. However, the effect of chifir is not completely similar to that of caffeine. This is apparently explained by the presence in chifir, in addition to caffeine, of numerous substances, essential oils, etc. The same can be said about coffee, where caffeine is not contained in pure form, but in a certain ratio with a large group of other organic substances. Therefore, the body’s reaction to coffee and chifir is somewhat different than when taking pure caffeine in the form of a medicine.

In the 70s of the 20th century, a drug related to amphetamines appeared - phenmetrazine (preludes), the slang name for vat. At first it was believed that it was less dangerous than other amphetamines, but these hopes were not realized. Methylphenidate (Ritalin) was also similar.

It is necessary to isolate methyl amphetamines, which have some properties similar to hallucinogens. One of them is the well-known drug MDMA. For advertising purposes, it was given the enticing name “ecstasy” (in slang - “XTS”, “Adam”). It is a prototypical designer drug and has both hallucinogenic and amphetamine-like properties. The drug is quite toxic. Doses exceeding 100 mg cause toxic effects (perception distortion, visual impairment, increased sensitivity, etc.). This drug is often taken by young people at discos and dance parties. Easy distribution is facilitated by the ease of its use - inside in tablets that come in different colors, sometimes with patterns on the surface. Although it appears to be harmless, it can cause death due to excessive physical exertion and fever caused by the toxic effects of the drug.

A similar drug, similar to the previous one and approximately equal to it in terms of its effect on the body, but less commonly used - dimethoxymethylamphetamine - DOM (in slang - “STP”). Its chemical nature is similar to mescaline and causes similar hallucinatory-visual effects. Methylenedioxyamphetamine is also used - DMA (in slang - “love drug”, “soft”), MDE (in slang - “Eve”), DOET, etc.

Narcotic effects of stimulants on the human body

Stimulants stimulate the central nervous system, improve well-being and mood, promote a surge of energy, cause cheerfulness, a subjective feeling of increased strength, relieve fatigue, increase physical and mental performance, general activity and sthenicity, and activate mental activity. These drugs also stimulate intellectual activity, accelerating the flow of ideas and associations. At the same time, speech speeds up, the ease of finding words and switching is felt. There is a general mobilization of efforts and an increase in mental tone, a kind of readiness for action, greater self-confidence, perseverance, and determination. Some drugs cause a feeling of power, superiority over others. This can sometimes lead to aggressive tendencies. Many drugs increase blood pressure, heart rate and breathing.

In medicine, stimulants are used in neurological and psychiatric practice for various depressions and other diseases accompanied by drowsiness, lethargy, and are also prescribed during childbirth. Previously, stimulants were used more widely. For example, amphetamines in the 20s of the XX century. used to treat obesity, colds, narcolepsy - a disease in which a person sleeps uncontrollably, and, oddly enough, were used in the treatment of hyperactive children and many other diseases. Amphetamines are now rarely used in practical medicine, mainly because they are so easy to abuse.

The effect of central nervous system stimulants is largely due to their influence on the body’s energy processes. However, the mechanism of this action is somewhat different for different agents. For example, phenamine and pervitin increase the resynthesis of ATP in the brain - a substance necessary for normal metabolic processes in the heart muscle and brain cells. Stimulation by caffeine and some other means occurs due to increased use of energy reserves. Although they increase physical and mental performance, they actually only mobilize the body’s reserves, “spur” it, acting as if as a whip. The feeling of vigor, clarity of thinking, increased mood, activity does not last long - a few hours, giving way to a feeling of fatigue, general weakness, weakness, depression, absent-mindedness, drowsiness, which are all the more pronounced and lasting, the larger the dose of the stimulant substance was taken.

Stimulants gradually impair the ability to remember. These drugs eliminate the physiological need for natural rest and normal recuperation, which ultimately, with prolonged use, can lead to depletion of nerve cells. For narcotic purposes, stimulants are used in high doses, more often orally, less often intravenously. Some of them chew, such as khat. There are other ways to use them.

Due to the difficulty of acquiring narcotic drugs, drugs prepared by homemade methods have recently appeared. One of them, in the slang of drug addicts, is called “shirk” - this is a homemade drug that is a derivative of pervitin. A rather dangerous drug is ephedron - a product of artisanal processing of medical products containing ephedrine (ointments and drops for the common cold, some anti-asthmatic drugs, for example solutan, etc.). In the jargon of drug addicts, ephedrone is called “marcephalus”, “Jeff cocktail”, “mulka”, “murtsovka”, etc. Given the great danger, ephedrone is included in the list of drugs. Pervitin and ephedrone are phenylalkelamines with amphetamine-like effects. They are administered almost exclusively intravenously, although most amphetamines are taken orally.

Stimulants as doping for athletes

Here we cannot fail to mention doping, which, unfortunately, is still widely used by athletes, of course, in the strictest secrecy. These are, as a rule, substances that stimulate the offensive impulse and vital activity of the body, its stamina and endurance, which helps to achieve higher results that are inaccessible to an athlete under normal conditions. We can say that doping is a whip, artificially cruelly pushing the athlete’s body, often forcing him to exceed the boundaries of his own capabilities.

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