Gods of Ancient Greece - list. Hephaestus - lord of fire and metal

HADES

One of the three sons of Cronus, the brother of the lord of the sky Zeus and the ruler of the seas Poseidon, also called Pluto (“wealth”, i.e. the owner of countless human souls and treasures hidden in the earth). Hades is the husband of Persephone and the ruler of the underworld of the souls of the dead. In Greek mythology, to die means to go to the “kingdom of the dark Adda,” into which the rays of the sun never penetrate. Hades is inexorable and cruel, he has no favors for anyone. Later, the kingdom under his control received the name Hades; the souls of the dead enter it through the chilling sacred river Styx, the waters of which the gods themselves swear by. The entrance to the kingdom of the dead is guarded by a dog - the guardian of Hades. The judgment of the dead is carried out by Minos, Aeacus and Rhadamanthus - the sons of Zeus. A detailed description of the underworld is given by Homer in the Odyssey (XI), and by Virgil in the Aeneid (VI).

Who's who in the Ancient World, dictionary-reference book. 2012

See also interpretations, synonyms, meanings of the word and what GADES is in Russian in dictionaries, encyclopedias and reference books:

• HADES in the Dictionary Index of Theosophical Concepts to the Secret Doctrine, Theosophical Dictionary:
  
• HADES in the Concise Dictionary of Mythology and Antiquities:
  1) (Gades), now Cadiz. An ancient city founded by the Phoenicians in the southwest. coast of Spain. 2) see Hades...
• HADES
  Hades - see...
• HADES in the Directory of Characters and Cult Objects of Greek Mythology:
  (Greek) or Hades. "Invisible", i.e. a land of shadows, one of the regions of which was Tartarus, a place of absolute darkness, like a region of deep sleep...
• HADES in the Big Encyclopedic Dictionary:
  cm. …
• HADES in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
  ancient name of the city of Cadiz in ...
• HADES CADIX
  (Gades) is the Roman name for Cadiz (see this...
• HADES in the Modern Encyclopedic Dictionary:
  Look …
• HADES
  in ancient Greek mythology, the god of the underworld and the kingdom of the dead; underground kingdom...
• HADES in the Encyclopedic Dictionary:
  , a, m., capitalized 1. soul. In ancient Greek mythology: the god of the underworld and the kingdom of the dead (other names Hades, ...
• HADES in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
  HADES, see Hades...
• HADES in the New Dictionary of Foreign Words:
  (Greek haidss) in ancient Greek mythology - the god of the underworld and the kingdom of the dead, otherwise Hades, Pluto; the underworld of the dead, the underworld, ...
• HADES in the Dictionary of Foreign Expressions:
  [gr. haidss] in ancient Greek mythology - the god of the underworld and the kingdom of the dead, otherwise Hades, Pluto; the underworld of the dead, the underworld, hell...
• HADES in the Russian Synonyms dictionary:
  hell, hades,...
• HADES in the Modern Explanatory Dictionary, TSB:
  cm. …
• HADES
  
• HADES in the New Dictionary of the Russian Language by Efremova:
  m. God of the underworld and the kingdom of the dead; Hades (in ancient Greek...
• HADES
  m. A place where - according to religious beliefs - after the death of sinners, their souls are subjected to eternal torment; hell, Gehenna,...
• HADES in the Large Modern Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language:
  m. God of the underworld and the kingdom of the dead; Hades (in ancient Greek mythology) ...
• PLUTO (HADES, HADES, "GUILTYLESS", "TERRIBLE") in the Directory of Miracles, unusual phenomena, UFOs and other things:
  in ancient Greek myths, an Olympian deity, the son of the god of time Kronos and Rhea, brother of Zeus and Poseidon, husband of Persephone, lord of the dark kingdom...
• HADES, IN MYTHOLOGY in the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron:
  (Hades) - see...
• GADES, CITY IN SPAIN
  (Gades) ? Roman name for Cadiz (see this...
• HADES, IN MYTHOLOGY in the Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedia:
  (Hades) ? cm. …
• NIGHT SAILING ON THE SEA in the Dictionary of Analytical Psychology:
  (Night sea journey; Nachtmeerschwiemmen) is an archetypal motif in mythology, psychologically associated with depression and loss of energy that characterizes neurosis. “Night sailing on ...

The main gods in Ancient Hellas were recognized as those who belonged to the younger generation of celestials. Once upon a time, it took away power over the world from the older generation, who personified the main universal forces and elements (see about this in the article The Origin of the Gods of Ancient Greece). The gods of the older generation are usually called titans. Having defeated the Titans, the younger gods, led by Zeus, settled on Mount Olympus. The ancient Greeks honored the 12 Olympian gods. Their list usually included Zeus, Hera, Athena, Hephaestus, Apollo, Artemis, Poseidon, Ares, Aphrodite, Demeter, Hermes, Hestia. Hades is also close to the Olympian gods, but he does not live on Olympus, but in his underground kingdom.

Legends and myths of Ancient Greece. Cartoon

God Poseidon (Neptune). Antique statue of the 2nd century. according to R.H.

Goddess Artemis. Statue in the Louvre

Statue of Virgin Athena in the Parthenon. Ancient Greek sculptor Phidias

Venus (Aphrodite) de Milo. Statue approx. 130-100 BC.

Eros Earthly and Heavenly. Artist G. Baglione, 1602

Hymen- companion of Aphrodite, god of marriage. After his name, wedding hymns were also called hymens in Ancient Greece.

- daughter of Demeter, kidnapped by the god Hades. The inconsolable mother, after a long search, found Persephone in the underworld. Hades, who made her his wife, agreed that she should spend part of the year on earth with her mother, and the other with him in the bowels of the earth. Persephone was the personification of grain, which, being “dead” sown into the ground, then “comes to life” and comes out of it into the light.

The abduction of Persephone. Antique jug, ca. 330-320 BC.

Amphitrite- wife of Poseidon, one of the Nereids

Proteus- one of the sea deities of the Greeks. Son of Poseidon, who had the gift of predicting the future and changing his appearance

Triton- the son of Poseidon and Amphitrite, a messenger of the deep sea, blowing a shell. In appearance it is a mixture of a man, a horse and a fish. Close to the eastern god Dagon.

Eirene- goddess of peace, standing at the throne of Zeus on Olympus. In Ancient Rome - the goddess Pax.

Nika- goddess of victory. Constant companion of Zeus. In Roman mythology - Victoria

Dike- in Ancient Greece - the personification of divine truth, a goddess hostile to deception

Tyukhe- goddess of luck and good fortune. For the Romans - Fortuna

Morpheus– ancient Greek god of dreams, son of the god of sleep Hypnos

Plutos- god of wealth

Phobos(“Fear”) – son and companion of Ares

Deimos(“Horror”) – son and companion of Ares

Enyo- among the ancient Greeks - the goddess of frantic war, who arouses rage in the fighters and brings confusion into the battle. In Ancient Rome - Bellona

Titans

Titans are the second generation of gods of Ancient Greece, generated by natural elements. The first Titans were six sons and six daughters, descended from the connection of Gaia-Earth with Uranus-Sky. Six sons: Cronus (Time among the Romans - Saturn), Ocean (father of all rivers), Hyperion, Kay, Kriy, Iapetus. Six daughters: Tethys(Water), Theia(Shine), Rhea(Mother Mountain?), Themis (Justice), Mnemosyne(Memory), Phoebe.

Uranus and Gaia. Ancient Roman mosaic 200-250 AD.

In addition to the Titans, Gaia gave birth to Cyclopes and Hecatoncheires from her marriage with Uranus.

Cyclops- three giants with a large, round, fiery eye in the middle of their forehead. In ancient times - personifications of clouds from which lightning flashes

Hecatoncheires- “hundred-handed” giants, against whose terrible strength nothing can resist. Incarnations of terrible earthquakes and floods.

The Cyclopes and Hecatoncheires were so strong that Uranus himself was horrified by their power. He tied them up and threw them deep into the earth, where they are still rampaging, causing volcanic eruptions and earthquakes. The presence of these giants in the belly of the earth began to cause terrible suffering. Gaia persuaded her youngest son, Cronus, to take revenge on his father, Uranus, by castrating him.

Cron did it with a sickle. From the drops of blood of Uranus that spilled, Gaia conceived and gave birth to three Erinyes - goddesses of vengeance with snakes on their heads instead of hair. The names of Erinny are Tisiphone (the killing avenger), Alecto (the tireless pursuer) and Megaera (the terrible). From that part of the seed and blood of castrated Uranus that fell not on the ground, but in the sea, the goddess of love Aphrodite was born.

Night-Nyukta, in anger at the lawlessness of Krona, gave birth to terrible creatures and deities Tanata (Death), Eridu(Discord) Apata(Deception), goddesses of violent death Ker, Hypnos(Dream-Nightmare), Nemesis(Revenge), Gerasa(Old age), Charona(carrier of the dead to the underworld).

Power over the world has now passed from Uranus to the Titans. They divided the universe among themselves. Cronus became the supreme god instead of his father. The ocean gained power over a huge river, which, according to the ideas of the ancient Greeks, flows around the entire earth. Four other brothers of Cronos reigned in the four cardinal directions: Hyperion - in the East, Crius - in the south, Iapetus - in the West, Kay - in the North.

Four of the six elder titans married their sisters. From them came the younger generation of titans and elemental deities. From the marriage of Oceanus with his sister Tethys (Water), all the earth's rivers and Oceanid water nymphs were born. Titan Hyperion - (“high-walking”) took his sister Theia (Shine) as his wife. From them were born Helios (Sun), Selena(Moon) and Eos(Dawn). From Eos were born the stars and the four gods of the winds: Boreas(North wind), Note(South wind), Marshmallow(west wind) and Eurus(Eastern wind). The Titans Kay (Heavenly Axis?) and Phoebe gave birth to Leto (Night Silence, mother of Apollo and Artemis) and Asteria (Starlight). Cronus himself married Rhea (Mother Mountain, the personification of the productive power of mountains and forests). Their children are the Olympic gods Hestia, Demeter, Hera, Hades, Poseidon, Zeus.

The Titan Crius married the daughter of Pontus Eurybia, and the Titan Iapetus married the oceanid Clymene, who gave birth to the Titans Atlas (he holds the sky on his shoulders), the arrogant Menoetius, the cunning Prometheus (“thinking first, foreseeing”) and the feeble-minded Epimetheus (“thinking after").

From these titans came others:

Hesperus- god of the evening and the evening star. His daughters from the night-Nyukta are the nymphs Hesperides, who guard on the western edge of the earth a garden with golden apples, once presented by Gaia-Earth to the goddess Hera at her marriage to Zeus

Ory- goddesses of parts of the day, seasons and periods of human life.

Charites- goddess of grace, fun and joy of life. There are three of them - Aglaya (“Rejoicing”), Euphrosyne (“Joy”) and Thalia (“Abundance”). A number of Greek writers have different names for charites. In Ancient Rome they corresponded to grace

brother of Zeus and Poseidon

. (Hades) in Greek mythology, the god of the underworld, the son of Kronos and Rhea, brother of Demeter, Hestia, Hera, Poseidon and Zeus (mythical)

. (Hades) in Greek mythology - the underworld where the soul goes after death

In ancient Greek mythology, the god of the underworld and the kingdom of the dead

Lord of the kingdom of shadows of the dead in ancient Greek mythology

Olympian god, paternal uncle of Hermes

The underworld where Orpheus descended for Eurydice (mythical)

The most exotic kingdom in which Orpheus had a chance to perform

The kingdom of blind people among the ancient Greeks

What kind of country did the ancient Greeks place right under them?

Olympian God

First son of Kronos and Rhea

The entrance to it is guarded by Cerberus

The name of this ancient Greek god most likely means “invisible” in translation, and in fact, rarely did any of the earth’s inhabitants manage to see him

The Russian word hell comes from the name of this underground kingdom.

The name of this ancient Greek god is translated as “invisible”, “formless”, “terrible”

Persephone's husband

The final destination for the souls of the ancient Greeks

Hell for the Greeks

In Greek mythology - the son of the Titan Kronos and Rhea, god of the underworld of the dead

Lord of the realm of shadows of the dead in Greek mythology

The Kingdom of the Dead in Ancient Greek Mythology

Kingdom of the Dead (mythical)

Pluto in a different way

Persephone's husband

Kingdom of Pluto

Zeus the Underground in Homer

Same as Hades

Who kidnapped Persephone?

Kingdom of the Dead

Greek Gehenna

Cerberus security facility

Orpheus descended there

God of the Underworld

Underworld

God of the Underworld

Olympian god

The kingdom of shadows

God Pluto otherwise

Hades, Pluto

Persephone's Abductor

Kingdom of the Dead (myth.)

Pluto (myth.)

God from Olympus

Orpheus was looking for Eurydice there

Place of the River Styx

The final destination for the souls of the Hellenes

Greek boss of the underworld

The river Styx flows there

Kingdom of the Dead in Hellas

Ruler of the Underworld

Ancient Greek hell

Ancient kingdom of shadows

Greek god of the underworld

Enemy of Hercules

In Greek mythology, the god of the underworld and the kingdom of the dead

In ancient Greek mythology, the god of the underworld of the dead, brother of Zeus

Kingdom of the Dead

Deep underground reigns the inexorable, gloomy brother of Zeus, Hades (1). His kingdom is full of darkness and horror. The joyful rays of the bright sun never penetrate there. Bottomless abysses lead from the surface of the earth to the sad kingdom of Hades. Dark rivers flow... ... Encyclopedia of Mythology

When Hercules sailed on a ship across the sea to the shores of Thrace for the horses of King Diomedes, he decided to visit his friend, King Admetus, since the path lay past the city of Fer (1), where Admetus ruled. Hercules chose a difficult time for Admet. Great grief reigned in... Encyclopedia of Mythology

Or Hades (Hades, Pluto, Αὶδ̀ης, Πλοότων). God of the underworld, son of Kronos and Rhea, brother of Zeus. With his wife Persephone, he reigns in the underworld over the shadows of the dead; he received power over hell during the division of world control between Zeus,... ... Encyclopedia of Mythology

We sailed for a long time across the boundless sea, shedding tears for our fallen comrades. Finally, we reached the island of Aea (1), where the beautiful-haired sorceress Kirka, daughter of the god Helios, lived. We spent two days on the shore of a quiet bay. On the third day, having girded himself... ... Encyclopedia of Mythology

Hades (Hades)- (Latin Gades, Greek Gadeira) a Phoenician colony in Spain (modern Cadiz), founded, according to legend, in 1100 BC. After the 2nd Punic War, it voluntarily came under the rule of Rome. According to the number of inhabitants, G., a former center of international trade... ... Ancient world. Dictionary-reference book.

HADES Dictionary-reference book on Ancient Greece and Rome, on mythology

HADES- (HADES) One of the three sons of Kronos, brother of the lord of the sky Zeus and the ruler of the seas Poseidon, also called Pluto (“wealth”, i.e. the owner of countless human souls and treasures hidden in the earth). Hades is the husband of Persephone and the ruler of the Elevation... List of Ancient Greek names

Achilles pursued the god Apollo for a long time. Finally, the Arrow God stopped and revealed to Achilles who he was pursuing. Anger took possession of Achilles. How gladly would he take revenge on Apollo if he could! The son of Peleus abandoned the pursuit and again rushed to... ... Encyclopedia of Mythology

Creon did not immediately expel Oedipus from Thebes. For some time he lived in the palace, withdrawing from everyone, surrendering entirely to his grief. But the Thebans were afraid that Oedipus's stay in Thebes would bring the wrath of the gods on the entire country. They demanded immediate expulsion... ... Encyclopedia of Mythology

Meanwhile, Hector entered Troy through the Scaean Gate. Immediately women and children surrounded him and began to ask about their husbands and fathers. But Hector did not tell them anything; he only told them to pray to the Olympian gods. Hector hurried to Priam's palace. In... ... Encyclopedia of Mythology

Books

• Legends and myths of Ancient Greece, Nikolai Kun. “Legends and Myths of Ancient Greece” is an amazing timeless book by Nikolai Albertovich Kuhn, one of the authoritative Soviet scientists of the first half of the twentieth century, who studied... audiobook
• Legends and myths of ancient Greece: gods, Nikolai Kun. The publication contains a story about the gods of Ancient Greece, written on the basis of the great works “Iliad”, “Odyssey”, “Aeneid”. The works of this publication are included in the programs of grades 5-11...

Zeus was considered the main deity of the ancient Greek pantheon. He was “in charge” not only of thunder and lightning, but also of the entire Olympus and the human world.

Birth

Zeus's parents were Kronos and Rhea. The father knew about a prophecy that said that one of his sons would overthrow him. Kronos was very afraid of this. He himself at one time destroyed his father Uranus, the very first god. The myth of Zeus says that Kronos ordered Rhea to bring him newborn children, which he swallowed without any pity. This fate has already befallen Hestia, Poseidon, Demeter, Hades and Hera.

Rhea, fearful for her youngest son, decided to give birth to him in a cave on the island of Crete. She gave Kronos a stone wrapped in swaddling clothes, which he swallowed, unaware of the trick.

The myth of the birth of Zeus also tells about the Curetes - the mysterious companions of Rhea. They were the ones who guarded the child while he was growing up in Crete. The guards clanged their armor and shields loudly if the baby began to cry. This was done so that Kronos would not hear these screams. The myth of the birth of Zeus was later adopted from the Greeks by the Romans. They called this

Childhood in a cave

Zeus ate honey from local bees, which they themselves brought to him from the hives on Mount Dikti. One of the caves at its foot is still considered the “Cave of Zeus”. When archaeologists carried out the first excavations here, they discovered a huge number of altars and figurines dedicated to the Thunderer. The myth of Zeus was known to every inhabitant of Hellas. The baby was also fed the milk of the Amalthea goat. This animal was brought into the cave by two nymphs: Adrastea and Idea. When Amalthea died, her horn was turned into and the skin was used by Zeus to make a shield with which he went to war against the Titans.

War with the Titans

When Zeus grew up and matured, he openly opposed his father, who was unaware of the existence of his son. He forced Kronos to bring back the children he had swallowed many years ago. Then they started a war against their father for power over the whole world. The myth of Zeus says that the altar on which they swore to fight Kronos was turned into a constellation.

The war with the titans lasted nine years. At first, it did not reveal the winners due to the equal strength of the opponents. The children of Kronos made their place of residence from where they led the war. In addition to Kronos, there were other titans in the second generation of gods, and some of them went over to the side of Zeus. The main one was the Ocean, which could control the seas and rivers.

Cyclops and Hecatonchires

Finally, Zeus decided to take extreme measures and resorted to the help of the Cyclops. They were the children of Uranus and Gaia. From birth they found themselves in Tartarus, where they languished until the Olympians freed them. These one-eyed giants forged lightning bolts for Zeus, which the Thunderer threw at his enemies during battles. They gave a helmet to Hades, and a trident to Poseidon. Athena and Hephaestus learned crafts from the Cyclopes.

The myth of Zeus also mentions the Hecatoncheires. These were giants with 50 heads and a hundred arms, imprisoned in the bowels of the earth. They also became allies of Zeus. These giants tore whole pieces from the mountains and threw them straight at the titans who tried to take Olympus by storm. A colossal battle shook the whole world, even underground Tartarus.

The Olympians' union bore fruit. They defeated the Titans and cast them straight into Tartarus, where they were chained. The Hecatoncheires began to guard the prisoners so that they could never be freed. From that moment on, the Olympian gods began to rule the world. The war with the titans became known as the Titanomachy. According to myths, it took place many centuries before the appearance of the human race.

New order

Power over the world was divided between three brothers. Zeus gained dominance over the sky. Poseidon became the ruler of the sea. Hades inherited the kingdom of the dead. The land was recognized as common property. At the same time, Zeus was called the eldest of the gods. He commanded the entire human world.

However, not everyone was happy with the new order of things. Gaia did not like the way the Olympians treated her titan children. The short myth about Zeus, which includes this conflict, tells that the Earth goddess entered into marriage with the terrible Tartarus. From this connection Typhon, a mighty giant, was born. He personified all the fiery forces of the earth. The new god tried to overthrow Zeus.

The seas boiled at the mere approach of Typhon, and many Olympian gods awaited his invasion in horror. The myth of Zeus tells about all this. A summary of this new war is found in some ancient Greek sources, for example, in Theogony. Zeus again took up the lightning, with which he struck Typhon. The giant was defeated and thrown back into Tartarus. However, there he still disturbs the earthly world. From his connection with Echidna, many monsters appeared, for example, the three-headed dog Cerberus, hydras and Chimera.

Life on Olympus

Zeus reigned at the top of Olympus, where he was constantly surrounded by a host of younger gods. The gates to his halls are shrouded in a cloud controlled by the Oras. These goddesses of the seasons allowed visitors to Olympus and opened the entrance for the gods who descended to earth.

In the kingdom of Zeus, eternal summer reigns - there is no snow, rain or natural disasters. The son of the thunderer Hephaestus built magnificent palaces in which the gods feasted and spent their free time from worries. The myth of Zeus (5th graders study this topic in the program) also mentions his wife Hera. She became the patroness of human marriage and bore her husband many children. The most famous of them was the daughter of Hebe, who became the goddess of youth and cupbearer on Olympus.