Treatment of blood from the anus in women. Causes of blood from the anus in women - how dangerous this pathology is. Polyps in the large intestine

– the main sign of bleeding from the lower gastrointestinal tract. The cause of their occurrence, in most cases, is the anorectal area. In rare cases, such bleeding occurs when the upper gastrointestinal tract is affected, vascular pathology, or blood diseases.

The most common causes of anal bleeding include:

• haemorrhoids;
• anal fissure;
• benign neoplasms of the large intestine (polyps);
• colorectal cancer;
• diverticular disease;
• nonspecific ulcerative colitis;
• Crohn's disease;
• intestinal infections (dysentery, amoebiasis);
• traumatic damage to the anus and rectum (foreign bodies, anal sex);
• (with massive bleeding);
• extragenital endometriosis;
• side effects of certain medications.

Characteristics of bleeding

Already by the appearance of the blood, its color, the characteristics of the content in the feces, and the time of excretion, one can presumably determine the level of intestinal damage.

The less the blood is changed and the less it is mixed with feces, the lower the source of bleeding is located.

Most common reasons

Haemorrhoids

About 10% of people in the middle age group suffer from hemorrhoids; men are affected 4 times more often.

Its development is facilitated by a sedentary lifestyle, heavy physical labor, and pregnancy.

At the beginning of the disease, there is discomfort and a sensation of a foreign body in the anus. Recurrent rectal bleeding then appears. They occur during defecation or immediately after it. The blood has a bright red color; it does not mix with the feces, but covers it on top. Traces of blood may be found on toilet paper and underwear. The volume of blood released varies from a few drops to a puddle. Frequent intense bleeding leads to the development of anemia.

When inflammation occurs, pain occurs during defecation and persists for some time after it.

Mucus discharge irritates the skin around the anus, causing an itchy sensation, and contributes to the development of eczema.

Anal fissure

It is a linear ulcer located in the lower part of the anal canal.

Its main symptoms are bleeding and pain that occurs during bowel movements. The pain is quite intense, burning, stabbing in nature, radiating to the perineum, sacrum, and rectum. It lasts from several minutes to several hours.

Bleeding is usually minor. In this case, the blood is on the surface of the stool in the form of stripes and does not mix with it. Sometimes blood comes out in drops at the end of a bowel movement, leaving marks on paper or underwear.

Polyposis of the colon

belong to benign neoplasms of epithelial nature. They can be single or multiple, localized in any part of the colon, and are prone to degeneration into.

The main complaints of patients with polyposis are:

• discomfort;
• abdominal pain that does not have a clear localization;
• bowel dysfunction in the form of alternating constipation with diarrhea;
• stool mixed with mucus and blood.

Bleeding with polyposis is not intense. The blood is dark, mixed with mucus and feces, however, the closer to the anus the polyp is located, the brighter the blood. Bleeding can also be hidden, and quickly leads to anemia in the patient.

Colorectal cancer

Tumors of the large intestine begin to manifest themselves only after 1.5-2 years from the moment of their occurrence. Bleeding is a delayed symptom and develops at the stage of tumor disintegration.

The first signs of rectosigmoid cancer are spastic constipation, the stool becomes ribbon-shaped, and later mucus and blood appear on its surface. Often with intestinal cancer, hemorrhoids develop, which are extremely difficult to treat. Pain is not typical for this location and appears only with the development of intestinal obstruction. The tumor may not be detected by palpation even in the late stages of the disease.

When a tumor affects the right parts of the colon, the first symptoms appear very late and are nonspecific. Signs of intoxication increase (fever, accelerated ESR), lack of appetite, rapid loss of body weight. Pathological impurities appear in the stool: mucus, blood (usually hidden), pus, and sometimes the stool takes on the appearance of “raspberry jelly.” Later, pain appears in the right half of the abdomen, and the tumor is often detected by palpation.

Rectal cancer is characterized by nagging, burning pain in the rectum, frequent urge to defecate, followed by the release of mucus and blood. Blood does not mix with feces, but unlike hemorrhoids, it is released at the beginning of defecation. Feces may include pus and tumor breakdown products.

In most cases, it affects the large intestine, mainly its left sections. The incidence of the disease increases with age, affecting more than 60% of the population after 70 years of age.

Uncomplicated colonic diverticulosis is usually asymptomatic. Inflammation of the diverticulum manifests itself:

Diverticulitis is complicated by bleeding in 3-5% of patients. It is often profuse and develops suddenly. Signs of acute blood loss increase (weakness, pale skin, dizziness, tachycardia), and little changed blood appears in the stool.

Nonspecific ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease

Inflammatory bowel diseases with similar intestinal manifestations. They are characterized by an undulating course with periods of exacerbation and remission.

The main symptoms of the disease are:

• bloody diarrhea;
• abdominal pain;
• fever during exacerbations.

With nonspecific ulcerative colitis, diarrhea with blood can be the only symptom of the disease for a long time. With Crohn's disease, bleeding occurs less frequently; depending on the level of damage, blood in the stool may be detected in the form of dark clots or bright red streaks.

In addition to intestinal damage, there are systemic symptoms (erythema nodosum, arthritis, skin and eye damage, sclerosing cholangitis, etc.)

Intestinal and other infections

Anal bleeding is sometimes a symptom of certain infectious diseases (dysentery, typhoid fever, amoebiasis, hemorrhagic fevers).

Infectious diseases are characterized by:

• acute onset;
• febrile fever;
• weakness;
• headache, muscle pain;
• and other manifestations of intoxication: vomiting, diarrhea, severe abdominal pain.

In this case, abdominal pain always precedes bleeding. The blood is usually dark and mixed with stool and mucus.

Pseudomembranous colitis

One of the dangerous complications of antibiotic therapy. Most often it develops while taking sulfonamides, clindamycin, ampicillin, lincomycin, and cephalosporin drugs.

The disease manifests itself as cramping abdominal pain, intoxication syndrome, and severe diarrhea. The stool is copious, watery, and in severe forms it takes on the appearance of “rice water.” The stool contains pathological impurities - mucus, blood.

Diagnostics

• . Already at the stage of preliminary examination of the perineum and anus, anal fissure and hemorrhoids can be diagnosed. Digital examination allows you to evaluate the mobility of the rectal wall and the condition of the lymph nodes.
• And . Allows visual examination of the rectum and distal sigmoid colon. Using these methods, the presence of neoplasms of the mucous membrane, erosions, ulcers, cracks, and signs of inflammation is determined. These methods also allow for subsequent coagulation of the bleeding area.
• . The most informative method that allows you to examine the large intestine along its entire length. Thanks to its high resolution, colonoscopy can detect pathological changes in the intestine at the earliest stages, perform multiple tissue biopsies, remove polyps, and coagulate a bleeding vessel.
• . X-ray method for examining the large intestine. Using this method, it is impossible to determine the source of bleeding, but it allows one to obtain information about the underlying disease (diverticula, neoplasms) that likely caused the bleeding.

When do you need to see a doctor urgently?

Normally there should be no blood in the stool. Any, even minor, bleeding from the anus is a reason to consult a doctor and undergo an examination.

However, there are a number of situations when medical assistance must be provided immediately:

To undergo a routine examination regarding anal bleeding, you must first contact general practitioner or coloproctologist. Even if the diagnosis seems obvious and harmless (anal fissure, hemorrhoids), it is necessary to conduct a complete examination of the intestines to exclude a more serious pathology.

It happens that a person suddenly discovers bloody discharge from the anus. Such an alarming symptom should never go unnoticed or ignored. After all, blood from the anus is a dangerous sign, indicating a possible serious illness.

Regardless of the amount of blood released during stool, you should immediately consult a doctor to find out the cause of this phenomenon. After all, blood during bowel movements is the body’s request for help.

You should not take such symptoms lightly, even if they suddenly stop.

In any case, contacting a specialist is necessary, since the disease could simply develop into a latent, chronic form.

The main reasons for bleeding from the anus

Hemorrhoidal types are:

• hard consistency of stool;
• problems with stool;
• diarrhea.

Often, patients do not take emergency measures because they do not experience pain when bleeding occurs. But this behavior is a big mistake. Delay in this matter is inappropriate and destructive.

Bleeding from the anus during stool without pain can occur for various reasons. The shade of bloody discharge may vary depending on which part of the gastrointestinal tract the problem occurs in.

When blood loss occurs in the area of ​​the rectum or sigmoid colon, a bright, red tint appears. In case of gastric or esophageal bleeding, the blood will be much darker.

When you eat fermented foods, the color of your blood discharge is also distorted. So, what are the main factors that contribute to a person bleeding from the anus?

The appearance of scarlet blood during bowel movements

Scarlet blood from the anus during defecation is usually found on toilet paper.

Bloody discharge comes out during bowel movements. The fact that the blood after defecation is bright scarlet indicates the development of pathology in the colon, or damage to tissue near the anus.

The patient experiences unpleasant, painful symptoms. This situation is typical for:

• Hemorrhoids. Bright red bleeding, in the form of drops, from the anus, mixed with feces, or blood clots. As a rule, it is not abundant (however, sometimes it manifests itself in the form of a blood stream). Occurs due to solid masses of feces and their large accumulation. It can also be triggered by excessive physical exertion on the body. If the situation is long-term, with hemorrhoids, not only inclusions of blood, but also pus are observed in the stool.
• Heavy bleeding in the area: occur with a certain frequency, during the postpartum period, as well as in older people.
• The appearance of cracks in the tissues of the rectum: There is a very noticeable pain, quite a lot of blood is released.
• Scarlet blood during bowel movements without pain caused by the presence of polyps. Bleeding occurs rarely and is accompanied by the presence of mucus in the feces.

Blood from diarrhea

When blood during bowel movements in women or men is accompanied by a phenomenon such as stool liquefaction, this is an extremely alarming symptom. In this case, such serious diseases as:

• infection;
• enteritis;
• internal .

These diseases are characterized by the following manifestations:

• high body temperature;
• gagging;
• cutting in the abdominal cavity;
• the appearance of chills;
• severe itching and burning in the anus.

If (), various tumors and gastric ulcers may occur.

If blood is present in the stool during bowel movements in women and men, this is almost one hundred percent. This condition is accompanied by such symptoms as:

• the appearance of a rash on the skin;
• pain;
• febrile conditions.

In addition, blood clots during bowel movements are released in a nonspecific form. Symptoms of the disease:

• loss of appetite;
• pain in the left side of the abdominal cavity;
• feeling of nausea.

Another disease characterized by the presence of blood in the stool is an intestinal infection. In this case, the disease will necessarily be accompanied by:

• intense heat.

What measures to take

When blood is detected during bowel movements in women without pain, the patient’s well-being can be characterized by:

• semi-fainting states;
• severe, debilitating weakness;
• feeling of discomfort.

The same conditions are typical for men.

Without wasting time, the patient should be examined by a proctologist as soon as possible.

If a pregnant woman experiences bloody discharge from the anus, she should visit an antenatal clinic to find out the possible causes.

If blood leaks out of a child’s stool, the baby should be taken to a pediatrician and tests scheduled as soon as possible. The specialist will determine which doctors to refer the little patient to and what to do.

Basic actions when bleeding from the anus is detected:

• Immobilize at rest.
• In case of continuous bleeding, apply a cold bandage to the anus and swallow ice (drinking water is prohibited).
• Washing with cold water.
• Compress (cold) on the bleeding area (to constrict blood vessels and stop blood loss).
• Use of drugs to stop blood loss:
  • Etamsylate;
  • Vikasol.
• Insertion of collagen tubes into the anus, which swell inside and prevent further bleeding. These devices exert a compressive effect on the vessels in the anus, thereby stopping bleeding. There is no need to remove the sponges - they will dissolve inside on their own.

Bleeding may be false

The discharge of blood in feces may well be a false manifestation associated with the consumption of certain foods.

In this regard, you should not panic as soon as you notice changes in the color of your stool. You should remember what foods a person ate.

It is possible that changes in diet caused the stool to turn an unexpected color.

However, if after a few days the picture remains the same, you should sound the alarm - after all, an admixture of blood in the stool is always an unfavorable symptom.

Self-diagnosis methods

Self-diagnosis will help shed light on the current situation. Of course, the patient will not be able to identify the root cause, however, such actions can help calm down and collect the necessary information about their condition.

In the future, when contacting a competent specialist, this will help for a correct diagnosis.

If a person discovers blood in his stool, afterward, you need to pay attention to:

• amount and shade of blood;
• are there any clots or blood streaks?
• where exactly the blood collected (on the surface of the feces, or inside);
• whether there are drops of blood on underwear and on toilet paper.

The above symptoms will help your doctor make an accurate diagnosis.

Proctologist's research

Diagnostic tests by a proctologist will help to establish the root causes of the appearance of blood in the stool during defecation. The examination consists of several stages; after completing them, the patient is informed of the diagnosis and treatment for the disease is prescribed.

The most popular diagnostic methods are:

• examination of the rectum by palpation is not a very pleasant procedure, but extremely necessary for making a diagnosis;
• carrying out general tests: blood, urine, feces;
• collection of information by the doctor from the patient about the time of onset of the disease, its symptoms and duration of course;
• prescribing additional tests for a more in-depth study of the patient’s condition.

By and large, bloody discharge during bowel movements brings the patient a feeling of discomfort and pain, however, it does not pose a threat to his life. However, very serious situations leading to death are also possible.

The appearance of blood in the stool can be caused by, among other things, cancer and the growth of metastases. Therefore, in order to avoid negative consequences, you should not postpone your visit to a specialist. After all, as you know, it is better to prevent any disease than to carry out a course of lengthy and expensive therapy in the future.

Rectal suppositories and treatment with their use

A very popular remedy for eliminating such problems are rectal suppositories.

This easy-to-use tool helps solve many problems:

• healing of damaged tissues;
• relief of the main symptoms;
• elimination of microcracks;
• relieving severe itching;
• elimination of pain syndrome;
• reducing the activity of proliferation of hemorrhoidal compactions.

The suppositories are inserted into the anus while lying on the back, after which the patient must roll over onto his stomach and remain in this position for at least half an hour.

The most effective in use, according to patient reviews, are suppositories such as:

• Aurobin;
• Anuzol;
• Anestezol;
• Relief.

If the patient is a pregnant woman, the attending physician will recommend the use of suppositories containing:

• papaverine;
• ichthyol;
• glycerol.

Operating methods

If the problem is caused by hemorrhoids, there is an excellent option for removing hemorrhoids using laser therapy. This method, modern and painless, will help solve the problem accurately and for a long time.

Advantages of laser technique:

• there is no need for hospitalization;
• painlessness and speed of the procedure;
• the likelihood of relapses is minimized;
• short postoperative period.

Unfortunately, the laser treatment method is not yet very widespread in Russia, and many patients resort to a conservative method - surgical intervention.

Treatment with traditional medicine

Many people wonder: how to get rid of hemorrhoidal bleeding at home? is treated with traditional methods, so this approach is quite natural.

Healers achieve high efficiency in treating an unpleasant problem, practically guaranteeing a positive result from this approach. However, it is quite risky to use traditional methods without the supervision of a competent specialist.

It is better to use healers’ recipes as aids in professional therapy prescribed by a doctor.

The most popular folk methods are presented by the following recommendations:

• taking baths with a small amount of potassium permanganate solution for hemorrhoids;
• baths with the addition of infusion of chamomile and St. John's wort, mixed in a ratio of 1 to 1, in case of anal fissures;
• the use of microenemas with chamomile (30g of chamomile flower herb, brew with a glass of boiling water, cool, leave for 2 hours, insert into the anus using an Esmarch mug) for colitis, fissures, hemorrhoidal internal manifestations;
• if the patient has helminths, they are removed using a solution from onions: a chopped onion head is poured with warm boiled water overnight, filtered in the morning and the liquid is drunk on an empty stomach;
• you can get rid of tapeworm using the simplest available products - garlic and milk: you need to eat 10 heads of garlic and drink a glass of milk, and then, after 40 minutes, take a laxative (however, this method is not suitable for everyone);
• the use of tampons moistened with sea buckthorn oil (sea buckthorn is an effective anti-inflammatory and hemostatic agent) as lotions to the anus;
• to combat polyps in the intestines, use celandine: a decoction of the herb is used for enemas, and the infusion (1 to 4) is drunk 10-15 minutes before meals, in the morning;
• horseradish roots mixed with honey (1 to 1), take a teaspoon three times a day - also to eliminate polyps;
• orange peel boiled in boiling water will serve as an excellent remedy against bleeding: you can either eat the peel of the fruit or add sugar to the broth and drink in small portions, 3 times a day;
• A well-known hemostatic agent, nettle, will help stop severe bleeding: dry herb (30 g) should be brewed with boiling water (200 ml), cooled and taken three times a day, 1 tbsp. spoon, before eating.

To effectively eliminate bleeding, ice suppositories are often used, prepared in this way:

• Having twisted the paper into a cone, you need to pour herbal infusion or cooled, after boiling, water into it;
• place the cone in the freezer;
• after freezing, insert into the anus, being careful.

This method is good in cases where the patient does not have an inflammatory process. If there is one, such procedures are strictly prohibited.

Herbs for back bleeding

If the bleeding does not stop on its own after bowel movement, it is recommended to use chilled herbal infusions, introducing them into the rectum using an Esmarch mug.

• Pour 20 g of chamomile (flowers) with boiling water (1 glass), leave for at least 5 hours, apply after straining;
• Pour 50 g of yarrow into 0.5 liters of boiling water, leave for 2-3 hours, cool (this plant has an astringent effect and perfectly eliminates bacterial infections).

It is important to remember: self-medication can be dangerous; medications should be selected by a doctor individually, since they are not suitable for everyone and not always.

Nutrition for bleeding during bowel movements

If a person experiences the above symptoms, serious changes should be made to their diet:

• observe drinking regime;
• consume fermented milk products;
• increase the amount of cereals in the diet;
• give preference to black bread.

If constipation occurs, eat foods with a mild laxative effect:

• salads with beets;
• use pumpkin seeds in recipes;
• carrot salads;
• prunes and dried fruit compotes.

Prevention

Following some preventive measures will help avoid such troubles as the appearance of blood during bowel movements.

Basic preventive measures:

• eating enough raw vegetables and fiber;
• increased physical activity;
• playing sports.

Forecast

If you contact a competent specialist in a timely manner, the prognosis is almost always favorable for the patient. You should not take your own health lightly: at the first signs of illness, immediately contact the clinic for professional help.

Interesting

When it comes to diseases that manifest themselves in intimate places, people often hide the problem and seek help only in advanced cases. This greatly complicates further treatment, since the inflammatory process has been developing for a long time. But blood from the anus may be the result of a serious illness or pathological condition, and a visit to the hospital cannot be postponed.

How to explain blood in stool

When there is bleeding from the anus, you should not panic and hide the problem. Medical problems are nothing to be ashamed of. It is necessary to find out why blood is flowing from the butt. Doctors deal with a variety of diseases every day, and the detection of blood from the anus in a patient will not become an obstacle in establishing a diagnosis and subsequent therapy.

There are various causes of bleeding from the anus:

You should not try to cure rectal bleeding on your own or hope that everything will go away on its own. Even if the spotting disappears after a couple of days, the problem is not solved and the bleeding will soon return. Blood from the anus and the reasons that provoke bleeding should be treated by a qualified doctor.

Nature of the discharge

To eliminate the problem of blood from the anus during bowel movements, it is necessary to understand that the causes and treatment of this condition are closely related.

Diagnostics plays an important role, however, to conduct high-quality diagnostics in laboratory conditions, the patient should be examined and interviewed.

Anal bleeding can be heavy or not, and varies in the type and color of the blood:

• When the blood from the anus is dark red or burgundy in color, disease may develop in the intestinal area.
• Dark blood clots from the anus may be due to hardening or development of diverticula in the large intestine. In this case, a person does not feel any symptoms for a long time until blood discharge from the anus appears, which is often accompanied by severe pain.
• The detection of scarlet blood is often found with hemorrhoids or anal fissure. Typically, traces of bloody discharge are not noticed in the stool itself, on napkins or underwear. Sometimes scarlet blood is detected from the anus without pain or any signs of disease, but even minor blood loss should not be left unattended.
• When red blood comes from the anus, this may indicate the development of neoplasms.
• Dark discharge and thick stools can be caused by a disease or pathology of one of the gastrointestinal tracts.

Damage to the anus

Minor blood loss or fairly heavy bleeding may occur due to an anal fissure. There will be light bleeding. When blood appears from the rectum, you should immediately consult a doctor. The appearance of blood from the anus may be the result of a fissure, but if left untreated, an infection will develop and the inflammatory process will begin. The color of the discharge is usually scarlet.

In this case, the disease will be accompanied by pain, and the therapy will be lengthy.

Bloody discharge appears directly during bowel movement. Going to the toilet becomes difficult due to painful sensations. The leaking blood is not the only problem; there is a risk of infection. Diagnostic procedures include interviewing the patient. If the damage is insignificant, digital or instrumental diagnostics are performed with preliminary anesthesia.

If there is heavy bleeding and severe pain, the patient undergoes sigmoidoscopy or anoscopy. Before the procedure, the patient is given a strong painkiller. Based on the examination results, the doctor makes a conclusion about the nature and extent of the damage, and treatment is prescribed.

The effectiveness of therapy for the diagnosis of anal fissure is 70%. First of all, it is necessary to exclude the possibility of constipation and the appearance of hard stool. Nutrition correction is carried out, alcohol, hot and spicy foods, fatty foods, as well as foods rich in preservatives and negatively affecting the digestive process are completely removed from the diet.

As a means of treatment, suppositories and ointments with antiseptic, wound healing and soothing effects are used. The doctor may also recommend baths with decoctions of medicinal herbs (chamomile, etc.). in severe cases, it requires removal of the crack using surgery.

Haemorrhoids

Both women and men are susceptible to this pathological process. The disease more often manifests itself in old age. According to medical statistics, almost 80% of older men and women are susceptible to hemorrhoids. The patient is found to have red blood from the anus during bowel movements. What to do in such a situation? To determine the direction of subsequent therapy, diagnostics should be performed.

Most often, patients notice the appearance of blood from the anus when they have a bowel movement on used napkins. The bloody discharge may contain feces. Red spots do not appear during stool; blood comes out immediately after bowel movement.

There may be light or stream bleeding, it depends on how badly the tissue is damaged.

To relieve symptoms and stop bleeding, doctors recommend using special suppositories. Today, the pharmaceutical industry offers a huge selection of suppositories for hemorrhoids on a plant basis and with the addition of vasoconstrictors and sedatives, which can be purchased at the pharmacy without a prescription. However, you still need to talk to your doctor first.

Oncology

Bleeding from the rectum is one of the signs of many diseases, including cancer. Even if a person says “I go to the toilet normally, and blood rarely appears,” an examination must be carried out. Rectal cancer is one of the most common oncological diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. It accounts for 45% of diagnoses. Bleeding may be accompanied by purulent discharge, pain and vomiting.

Currently, scientists cannot identify all the causes of the formation of cancerous tumors in the intestinal area. This means that analysis for tumors can be carried out on any person. However, doctors highlight a list of factors that contribute to the development of tumors. These include abuse of fatty and junk foods, alcohol, etc.

If a tumor is suspected, a colonoscopy is performed, during which it is necessary to detect a lump and take a tissue sample for a biopsy. After laboratory testing, it will be known whether the tumor is malignant or benign. One of the benign manifestations of neoplasms are polyps. They are found in 20% of patients and are successfully removed surgically.

Infectious diseases

If an infection enters the body, it can cause the development of serious diseases that cause bleeding from the anus. Symptoms are more severe when a person has just gone to the toilet. Intestinal infections are one of the most dangerous groups of diseases that cause anal bleeding.

First, there is an incubation process that is asymptomatic, during which time the infection spreads inside the intestine and affects the mucous membrane.

After infection of the body, diarrhea appears, which is accompanied by bloody discharge and an increase in body temperature. Vomiting is often associated with symptoms. Fever and skin rashes may occur. To establish a diagnosis, a stool test is performed. Treatment should be carried out in a hospital setting. Intestinal infections in the absence of quality medical care can lead to the death of the patient.

Other reasons

The doctor will tell you how to treat colitis in the same way. There are several methods of therapy. Colitis and other inflammations in the rectal area are more common in elderly patients.

These diseases are accompanied by stool disorders and painful sensations.

Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are caused by small ulcers that form on the lining of the intestines. Inflammation joins the wounds, the patient feels pain, diarrhea begins and the body temperature rises. Treatment of this condition is a complex and lengthy process that must take place under strict medical supervision. The basis of therapy is antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs.

When urgent help is needed

• If a person has severe bleeding from the anus, you should immediately call an ambulance. You should not go to the hospital on your own using public transport. If the patient suffers from bleeding, this may cause fainting and worsening of the condition. Heavy bleeding is always recognized as an emergency situation when the patient needs qualified medical care.
• If you are bleeding from your anus for long enough and the bleeding does not stop, even if it is not severe, go to the doctor immediately.
• The appearance of bloody or regular vomiting along with blood from the anus in women and men threatens the patient’s life. This manifestation of the disease is a reason for immediate hospitalization.
• When the appearance of blood from the anus is complemented by a general deterioration in the patient’s condition, you should immediately call a doctor or take the victim to the hospital. Most likely, hospitalization will be required.
• If the patient has bleeding and the body temperature rises, you should immediately consult a doctor. No matter whether it is even a small amount of blood, a high temperature implies an inflammatory process or infection.

Only a qualified doctor, after examination, tests and diagnostic procedures, can answer the question of why there is bleeding from the anus. These are not typical male or female problems. The appearance of these unpleasant symptoms is accompanied by awkwardness. However, a visit to the doctor cannot be postponed.

In contact with

Normally, bowel movements occur without pain and, of course, without bleeding. Therefore, if scarlet blood flows from the anus during bowel movements, it is recommended to make an appointment with a specialized doctor as soon as possible. It will help you understand the clinical picture and causes of the pathology, features of diagnosis and treatment.

Bleeding from the anus during stool is accompanied by a number of symptoms, some of which are considered emergency by experts. For example, if blood in the anus is associated with an increase in body temperature and severe pain in the peritoneal space.

Clinical manifestations such as:

1. Presence of signs of overall deterioration of health, confusion or impairment of consciousness. Significant weakness may develop.
2. Bleeding from the anus during defecation should cause special concern if it is accompanied by hemorrhages under the skin. This, for example, can be hematomas (developing without obvious injuries), bleeding from the nose.
3. Heavy and prolonged bleeding, threatening the loss of a large amount of blood.

It is also recommended to consult a specialist in a situation where the problem is combined with nausea and vomiting. No less alarming evidence should be considered the presence of bloody inclusions in the vomit. It is necessary to understand the reasons for the appearance of blood during bowel movements in a separate manner.

Causes of bleeding from the anus in adults

It is recommended to divide the reasons for the discharge of blood from the anus into factors characteristic of male and female representatives. Usually we are talking about problems of the digestive system, which can be solved with diet and conservative treatment. However, in some situations, if forced bleeding from the anus develops without pain, the disease can be much more serious.

In men

In males, the cause of the anomaly in 60% of cases is ulcerative lesions of the stomach, duodenum and erosive form of gastritis. The following causes of blood after defecation on paper without pain deserve attention, such as:

• neoplasms developed due to colorectal cancer;
• intestinal tuberculosis;
• polypous formations;
• diverticulosis of the intestinal wall;
• Crohn's disease;
• nonspecific form of ulcerative colitis.

In men, the likelihood of scarlet blood appearing on toilet paper after stool increases with hemorrhoids and cracks in the walls of the anus. Another category of provoking factors deserves special attention, namely infections, for example, typhoid or dysentery. The list of causes is supplemented by enterovirus and rotavirus infections, helminthic infestations (amoebiasis, schistosis).

Severe bleeding can begin when there is injury to the surface of the intestine, as well as certain types of sexually transmitted diseases - this can be syphilis, viral diseases, granuloma venereum.

Blood during bowel movements without pain in women

Blood from the anal area in women can develop primarily due to the progression of esophageal varices. This can happen with thrombophlebitis of the splenic veins and even with cirrhosis of the liver. Female representatives may also complain of similar problems with hemorrhoids, fissures in the anus and infectious lesions.

A more specific cause is bleeding during pregnancy. The fact is that in the process of bearing a child, the volume of blood in the pelvis increases. This process can more easily influence the occurrence of discharge during bowel movements, for example due to constipation. Considering the danger of blood from the anus during pregnancy and after childbirth, it is recommended to consult a specialist for diagnosis and prescribing a rehabilitation course.

Which doctor should I go to and what tests should I take?

Even bloody discharge from the anus without pain should be taken as a prerequisite for contacting a coloproctologist or therapist. It is recommended to perform a stool test to detect occult blood. There are frequent cases when there is no visible discharge, but blood is still excreted in microscopic quantities, which is also dangerous. Further, the coloproctologist insists on:

• rectoscopy, which is the study of the lower parts of the digestive system. Due to this, anal fissures, hemorrhoids and neoplasms in the rectal area and in a certain area of ​​the sigmoid colon are identified;
• colonoscopy, which is a more detailed examination with an endoscope, which makes it possible to identify any changes in the colon area;
• irrigoscopy, namely examination with X-rays and a contrast component. The latter is introduced into the intestines in order to obtain the clearest image possible.

To identify blood from the anus after bowel movements, gastroduodenoscopy is performed, namely an endoscopic examination of the stomach and duodenum. For diagnostic purposes, a device for taking a biopsy and cauterizing ulcerative lesions can also be used.

Laparoscopy and abdominal surgery deserve special attention. We are talking about a simultaneous diagnostic and therapeutic intervention, which allows us to study the peritoneum and all its parts in detail, take fluid for analysis, and also perform a biopsy of the pathological area. After such a complete diagnosis, the coloproctologist will decide what to do if there is bleeding from the rectum.

Treatment - what to do if blood flows from the anus

The characteristics of the recovery course directly depend on the reasons that provoked the discharge. Let's say that the treatment of hemorrhoids and anal fissures at the initial stage is successfully carried out with medications. Suppositories (venotonic, painkillers), as well as tablets are used. In case of complications of the condition, it is recommended to perform an operation - minimally invasive or more serious (in case of critical worsening of hemorrhoids).

If the reason that blood drips from the anus is ulcerative colitis, a special diet and hormonal treatments are prescribed. When polyps develop, we are talking about their removal, for example, during a colonoscopy. Laxative names and a special menu will help you cope with bleeding from the rectum without pain due to constipation. The diet is aimed at “unloading” the intestines and digestive tract.

When identifying intestinal infections, experts insist on the use of antibiotics; in the most difficult cases, treatment can and should be carried out in a hospital setting. If the diagnosis reveals neoplasms of any origin, a course of radiotherapy or chemotherapy will be required. Specific tactics depend on the size of the tumor, the presence or absence of metastases.

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Blood from the anus is one of the most common symptoms of intestinal pathology, which manifests itself in people of all ages, from infants to the older generation.

The nature of the bleeding, its intensity, and the appearance of the discharge may indicate a possible cause of the pathology. The most common cause is hemorrhoids, which most adults experience, so this dangerous symptom is not always given due attention.

Bleeding from the anus is always a sign of some disease, and quite formidable, requiring immediate attention to a specialist. Intense blood loss can lead to severe anemia and disruption of metabolic processes in the body, and massive bleeding that does not stop should be a reason to call the emergency room.

It is important to remember that blood from the anus can indicate such a serious pathology as colon cancer, therefore, even if there are other diseases that could explain the cause of the bleeding, it is still worth visiting a doctor on time.

Causes of bleeding from the anus

The appearance of blood from the anus, as already mentioned, is always a manifestation of another pathology, in particular:

• Hemorrhoids;
• Anal fissure;
• Colon polyposis;
• Infectious lesions;
• Inflammatory processes (colitis, proctitis);
• Diverticulosis;
• Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis;
• Worm infestation;
• Colon cancer.

To understand in more detail the reasons for the discharge of blood from the anus, we will consider the listed conditions in more detail, for the convenience of the reader, immediately focusing on the features of treatment.

Bleeding from hemorrhoids

Hemorrhoids are one of the most common causes of anal bleeding. According to statistics, up to 80% of adults suffer from this unpleasant disease and are familiar firsthand with the symptoms in the form of pain and blood discharge during bowel movements.

Hemorrhoids appear as a result of varicose venous plexuses of the submucosal layer of the rectum, which in the form of clusters protrude into the lumen of the organ or outward, causing severe discomfort and significantly disrupting the usual way of life.

Contributing factors to hemorrhoids are considered to be a sedentary lifestyle, physical inactivity, excess weight, abuse of coffee, chocolate, spices, alcohol, bowel movements, especially constipation. It is no coincidence that people in “sedentary” professions are more predisposed to hemorrhoids - drivers, pilots, programmers, etc. Women have an additional risk factor - pregnancy and childbirth, which provoke congestion in the pelvis and prolapse of venous nodes.

Bleeding from hemorrhoids has some features:

• Blood appears during or after bowel movement;
• Scarlet blood covers the outside of the intestinal secretions or remains in the form of traces on toilet paper;
• The intensity ranges from a slight discharge to a stream, but blood is never mixed with feces.

If, along with the described symptoms, there is itching, burning, pain, discomfort in the anal area, and enlarged hemorrhoids are palpated, then the diagnosis is most likely. Since the presence of varicose veins in the rectum does not prevent polyposis, colitis or cancer, then You should always consult a doctor to rule out a more serious pathology.

Scanty bleeding does not cause disturbances in the patient’s general condition, while the release of 100-200 ml of blood with each bowel movement can lead to severe anemia, requiring appropriate treatment measures, therefore in such cases a visit to the doctor should be immediate.

Most patients prefer to treat hemorrhoids on their own at home. For this purpose, they also use drugs available at the nearest pharmacy.

Candles are especially popular; they quickly help relieve pain and eliminate bleeding. The suppositories used for hemorrhoids during bleeding contain components that cause vasoconstriction - adrenaline, vikasol, as well as astringents (sea buckthorn, methyluracil, etc.).

Most patients are interested in: how to stop bleeding from hemorrhoids at home? Cool baths and “ice” candles are effective. An example of drugs containing vasoconstrictor substances are Relief suppositories, which help to quickly stop bleeding, relieve pain and normalize well-being. Methyluracil suppositories, having an astringent and wound-healing effect, enhance regeneration in the area of ​​damaged hemorrhoids, thus indirectly helping to stop bleeding. Suppositories containing oak bark extract accelerate the healing of the rectal mucosa and the formation of blood clots on damaged vascular walls.

Drugs for the treatment of hemorrhoids with bleeding are sold in pharmacies without a prescription; anyone can purchase them, but one must remember that suppositories have only a temporary effect, eliminating the symptoms, and not the disease itself. Moreover, by self-medicating, the patient risks missing the development of a more serious pathology, so any bleeding from the anus, even in the presence of well-known perennial hemorrhoids, should be a reason to visit a doctor.

Anal fissure

A rectal fissure is also a common cause of blood in the stool. The fissure accompanies constipation, diarrhea, rectal injuries, childbirth, and abuse of laxatives. A special category of patients with anal fissure are homosexual men who experience constant injuries to the anus, but do not always rush to the doctor with such a problem.

A fissure is a longitudinal defect in the intestinal wall, in which many vessels and nerve endings are concentrated, so the pathology is manifested not only by bleeding, but also by intense pain. Pain usually occurs during bowel movements and is unbearable. Often pus and mucus are mixed with the discharge, which reflects the acute course of the inflammatory process.

Features of bleeding with a rectal fissure:

• Fresh bright red blood covers the stool and remains in the form of traces on toilet paper and underwear;
• Bleeding is accompanied by severe pain;
• Appears after defecation.

As you can see, the signs of a fissure are similar to those of hemorrhoids, but with a fissure there are no varicose veins. It is clear that these diseases can occur in the same patient, then it is difficult to establish the true cause of bleeding and cannot be done without consulting a proctologist.

Treatment of anal fissure is usually conservative, but always with the participation of a proctologist. For this purpose, they use means that are well known to patients with hemorrhoids. The most popular are suppositories and ointments that help relieve pain, spasms, and eliminate constipation. Ultra-Proct suppositories, Natalsid, Relief, and preparations containing propolis and sea buckthorn are usually prescribed. Acting locally, they quickly improve the patient’s well-being. Among the effective ones are solcoseryl, proctosan, and levomekol.

Of particular importance in patients with anal fissure is the normalization of stool, for which mild laxatives (sea buckthorn oil, senade, duphalac) are prescribed, as well as a diet that excludes spicy foods, smoked foods, an abundance of seasonings, alcohol and coffee.

In case of chronic anal fissures and the ineffectiveness of conservative treatment in case of acute injuries, doctors are forced to resort to surgery to remove them and create conditions for healing of the defect in the intestinal wall.

Colon polyps and polyposis

Colon polyps may not manifest themselves for a long time, but if they are large in size, traumatization leads to bleeding. Polyps are found in approximately 20% of the world's population, especially among older people. The colon, sigmoid and rectum are usually affected. Bleeding from a polyp occurs without pain, the blood is mixed with the stool or covers it.

If the polyp is located high enough from the anus, then the blood is dark, tarry, and the amount is usually small. Anal canal polyps, in addition to bleeding, are manifested by a feeling of discomfort, itching, and the sensation of a foreign body in the rectum. It is not always possible to distinguish bleeding from a polyp from incipient cancer without additional research, so such a symptom should alert you to the possibility of a malignant neoplasm.

Treatment of intestinal polyps is always surgical. Only complete removal of the formation eliminates bleeding and inflammation, and also serves as the most effective measure for preventing cancer.

Infectious diseases

Infectious bowel diseases, in addition to blood during bowel movements, are accompanied by other characteristic signs. Thus, the patient’s body temperature increases, he feels chills, severe diarrhea, abdominal pain, and vomiting appear, which indicates an acute infectious pathology.

Features of bleeding in intestinal infections (dysentery, amoebiasis, salmonellosis) - the presence of bloody clots in loose stools (bloody diarrhea). It should be noted that intestinal infections lead to rapid deterioration of the patient’s general condition, dehydration, and they are also contagious, so in cases of bloody diarrhea with symptoms of intoxication, you should always consult a doctor.

Bleeding due to intestinal infections should be treated in an infectious diseases hospital, because bleeding is only a symptom of another disease. The patient must undergo detoxification therapy, rehydration to restore lost fluid, and be prescribed antibiotics and other targeted drugs.

Inflammatory processes, diverticula, helminthic infestation

Diverticulum- This is a local protrusion of the intestinal wall, usually detected in elderly people. If the wall of the diverticulum is injured, bleeding may occur in the form of clots, liquid bright red blood, or blood mixed with intestinal secretions. Bleeding from diverticula is transient, and when an inflammatory process (diverticulitis) occurs, it is accompanied by abdominal pain and possibly an increase in body temperature.

Inflammatory changes (colitis, proctitis) often found in the elderly population. Typically, these diseases occur with pain, dyspeptic disorders, and stool disorders. Bleeding with colitis does not happen very often; little blood is released, along with the feces with which it is mixed. With inflammation in the rectum, the blood is scarlet and can cover the outside of the stool. The presence of a significant amount of mucus in the discharge is very typical.

Gastroenterologists treat inflammatory processes, including those associated with diverticula. For this purpose, antiseptic drugs, astringents and wound healing agents are used when inflammation is localized in the rectum. Suppositories prescribed for hemorrhoids are also suitable. Diet and prevention of constipation are mandatory.

Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis

Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are dangerous diseases that affect the intestines and are accompanied by a pronounced inflammatory process, the formation of erosions and ulcers on the surface of the mucous membrane, which leads to vascular damage and, accordingly, bleeding from the anus. The diseases are usually detected in middle-aged people, more often women.

Nonspecific ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are characterized by pain, diarrhea, and possibly an increase in body temperature. Features of bleeding include bloody diarrhea and the release of blood clots in feces. When the pathological process is localized in the upper parts of the colon, the appearance of stool is tarry, almost black.

Treatment of nonspecific ulcerative colitis is a complex task that usually faces a gastroenterologist. Glucocorticoids, sulfasalazine, 5-aminosalicylic acid preparations, cyclosporine A are considered effective. For Crohn's disease, immunosuppressants, hormonal drugs, and sometimes antibiotics are prescribed, and the basis of therapy is sulfasalazine, which has a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect.

Bowel cancer

Bowel cancer is the most serious possible cause of bleeding from the anus.. Neoplasms of the colon and rectum are very common, and diagnosing them at an early stage is difficult. Bleeding is one of the most common and early signs of this type of cancer.

The appearance of blood in colon cancer is associated with damage to the organ wall, as well as with the breakdown and inflammation of tumor tissue. Usually the blood is mixed with feces, where mucus and pus are often present, reflecting concomitant colitis.

When neoplasia is localized in the rectum, blood in the stool is observed in almost every patient and may be the first and main sign of a tumor. Unlike hemorrhoids, it is excreted along with feces or before defecation, mixed with secretions. If the patient already has hemorrhoids or a chronic anal fissure, then changes in the nature of bleeding during stool should be treated with particular caution so as not to miss the onset of tumor growth.

Treatment of intestinal cancer should be carried out only by an oncologist; self-medication and “delaying” a visit to a proctologist are unacceptable. The only way to get rid of the tumor is surgery, which can be supplemented with radiation. The sooner the patient seeks help, the less traumatic the intervention will be.

Children are a special category of patients

Bleeding from the anus can also occur in children, even small ones. Such a symptom can cause well-founded panic in a young mother, because the appearance of blood is often a sign of a dangerous pathology. Thus, babies under one year old who are mixed-fed may suffer from diarrhea with bloody streaks due to allergic reaction to cow's milk or other food components, deficiency of the lactase enzyme, which breaks down “milk sugar” - lactose.

A very serious cause of blood in the stool when the child is suddenly restless, has an increase in temperature and vomiting can be volvulus or intussusception– acute surgical pathology requiring immediate assistance to the baby.

After a year, when the child’s activity increases significantly, as does contact with other people, household objects and the street, there is a high probability intestinal infections of viral and bacterial nature. In this case, along with bloody diarrhea, symptoms of general intoxication, fever, and often vomiting are expressed. The risk of rapid dehydration in the case of intestinal infections in children should be a reason to immediately seek help (call an ambulance).

Tendency to constipation, too dense feces can provoke an acute anal fissure in a child. In this case, special treatment is usually not required, observation is sufficient, but the diagnosis must be made by a doctor, to whom the mother and the baby must certainly go.

The age of the child does not matter much, be it a year, two or a month. Any suspicion of blood discharge from the anus, even in small quantities, is a cause for concern and consultation with a specialist.

In order to find out why blood is flowing from the anus, it is not enough just to evaluate the signs and choose from them those that are suitable for a particular patient. The listed most common causes of bleeding from the rectum can be combined in the same patient. So, with hemorrhoids, an anal fissure cannot be ruled out, and with a fissure, for example, cancer. To understand the true cause of this dangerous symptom, You need specialist consultation and additional examinations.

For examination, you should first of all contact a proctologist, who will examine, palpate the rectum and prescribe additional studies: sigmoidoscopy, ultrasound, irrigoscopy. If a tumor or colon polyp is suspected, a colonoscopy is indicated. If blood is released occasionally and in small quantities, then stool should be examined for occult blood using laboratory tests.

There is no single method of treatment for bleeding from the anus, because it is only a symptom of a variety of diseases, so only correct diagnosis will help you choose the most optimal and effective method of therapy.

Video: blood from the anus, program “Live Healthy!”