All materials on the site were prepared by specialists in the field of surgery, anatomy and specialized disciplines.
All recommendations are indicative in nature and are not applicable without consulting a doctor.

The light beam is refracted several times in the eyeball before hitting the sensory cells and further along the nerve pathway into the brain. The main site of this process is the lens. How we perceive an object depends mainly on its properties and abilities. Correcting pathological changes in the lens is quite difficult; the most effective way is to replace it - a complex, high-tech operation.

But there is an alternative method - exposure to the cornea. This is one of the layers of the spherical eyeball. It is here that the primary refraction of light occurs before it hits the lens. Non-surgical vision correction for farsightedness, nearsightedness or astigmatism involves exposing the cornea to a laser and changing its curvature.

Indications for laser vision correction

The operation is performed for three main eye diseases:

• Myopia. This disease is also called myopia. It occurs as a result of a change in the shape (stretching) of the eyeball. Focus is formed not on the retina, but in front of it. As a result, the image appears blurry to the person. Correction of myopia is possible by wearing glasses, contact lenses, laser and surgical methods. Eliminating the cause of the disease - the altered shape of the eyeball - is currently impossible.
• Farsightedness. The disease occurs due to a decrease in the size of the eyeball, decreased accommodation of the lens (often occurs in old age), and insufficient refractive power of the cornea. As a result, the focus of nearby objects is formed behind the retina, and they appear blurry. Farsightedness is often accompanied by headaches. Correction is carried out by wearing glasses, lenses, and laser operations.
• Astigmatism. This term refers to a person's ability to see clearly. It arises from an abnormality in the shape of the eye, lens or cornea. The focus of the image is not formed on the retina. The disease is often accompanied by migraines, eye pain, and rapid fatigue when reading. It can be corrected by wearing special glasses with different longitudinal and transverse curvature of the lenses. But the most effective is laser surgery.

All these diseases are united under the general name “ametropia”. This includes ailments associated with problems with focusing the eye.

Indications for vision correction surgery for the three diseases described are:

1. The patient's desire to get rid of glasses and contact lenses.
2. Age from 18 to 45 years.
3. Refractive indexes for myopia are from -1 to -15 diopters, for farsightedness – up to +3 diopters, for astigmatism – up to +5 diopters.
4. Intolerance to glasses or contact lenses.
5. Professional needs of patients, the requirement of special visual acuity and speed of reaction to the image.
6. Stable vision. If the deterioration gradually progresses (more than 1 per year), then you first need to stop this process, and then talk about laser correction.

Contraindications

The operation is not performed in the following cases:

Preparation for laser correction

The patient must stop wearing glasses or contact lenses at least a week before the correction. It is better to take a vacation during this time. This is necessary for the cornea to take its natural shape. Then the correction will be more adequate and accurate. The doctor may increase the period of refusal from artificial lenses at his discretion.

Each clinic has a list of necessary tests that must be taken before surgery. Usually this is the absence or presence of certain infections, blood tests, and urine tests. Test results have a limited validity period - from 10 days to a month.

For two days you need to stop drinking alcohol and using eye makeup. Before visiting the clinic, it is better to wash your hair and face. It is important to get a good night's sleep, calm down and not be nervous before laser vision correction. If the patient feels too scared or anxious, the doctor may recommend mild sedatives.

Types of operation

There are two main methods of correction - PRK (photorefractive keratectomy) and (laser keratomyelosis). The first operation allows you to correct myopia up to 6 diopters, astigmatism up to 2.5-3 diopters. Both types of laser correction are carried out sequentially: first on one eye, then on the other. But this happens within the framework of one operation.

For laser correction of farsightedness and myopia complicated by astigmatism, Lasik is more often used. This is because PRK requires a long (up to 10 days) healing time. Each type of operation has its pros and cons, but still Lasik is a more promising direction, so this method is most often preferred.

Photorefractive keratectomy

The operation is performed under local anesthesia. The doctor treats the eyelid and eyelashes with an antiseptic. Sometimes an additional antibiotic is instilled to prevent infection. The eye is fixed using an eyelid speculum and washed with saline solution.

At the first stage, the doctor removes the epithelium. He can do this surgically, mechanically and laser. After this, the process of evaporation of the cornea begins. It is carried out only with a laser.

The method is limited by the required residual thickness of the cornea. To perform its functions, it must be at least 200-300 microns (0.2-0.3 mm). To determine the optimal shape of the cornea and, accordingly, the degree of its evaporation, complex calculations are carried out using special computer programs. The shape of the eyeball, the ability of the lens to accommodate, and visual acuity are taken into account.

In some cases, it is possible to refuse excision of the epithelium. Then the operations are faster and with less risk of complications. In Russia, a domestically produced Profile-500 installation is used for this purpose.

Laser intrastromal keratomyelosis

Preparations are similar to those for PRK. The cornea is marked with safe ink. A metal ring is placed over the eye, which additionally secures it in one position.

The operation takes place under local anesthesia in three stages. On the first the surgeon creates a flap from the cornea. He detaches the superficial layer, leaving it attached to the underlying tissue, using a microkeratome instrument—specially modeled for eye microsurgery.

laser vision correction: progress of the operation

The doctor removes excess fluid with a sterile swab. At the second stage he folds back the flap and laser vaporizes the cornea. The entire process takes less than one minute. During this time, the flap is also covered with a sterile swab. At the third stage the separated piece is placed in its place, according to the previously applied marks. After rinsing the eye with sterile water, the doctor smoothes the flap. No sutures are required; the cut-off piece is fixed on its own due to negative pressure inside the cornea.

The possibility of performing an operation is determined largely by the anatomical structure of the patient's eye. To implement this, it is necessary that the cornea of ​​the eye is of sufficient size. The flap must have a thickness of at least 150 microns. The deep layers of the cornea remaining after evaporation are at least 250 microns.

Video: how laser vision correction is done

Postoperative period, patient instructions

On the first day after laser correction, the following reactions are normal:

• Pain in the operated eye. With Lasik, it is usually insignificant and feels like a foreign object getting under the eyelid.
• Discomfort when looking at light.
• Tearing.

The patient is prescribed a course of antibiotics and corticosteroids to prevent the development of infectious or non-infectious inflammation. Beta blockers may be prescribed to prevent increased intraocular pressure.

In the first few days after surgery, the patient is recommended to:

• Be in a darkened room. Light can cause pain and stinging in the eyes. It unnecessarily irritates the cornea, which prevents its healing.
• Avoid touching the eye, especially in the first day. Important! The patient may feel as if a speck has gotten under his eyelid; there is no need to try to remove it! If the discomfort is very severe, you should consult a doctor as soon as possible. If there is no cause for concern, he may prescribe desensitizing medications.
• Refusal to shower and wash. It is very important that your eyes are not exposed to any chemical agents that may be contained in soap or shampoo. Even water sometimes has a negative effect on the operated eye.
• Avoid alcohol until the course of medication is completed. Antibiotics are incompatible with alcohol. It also makes many other drugs work worse.

During the first few weeks it is advisable to:

1. Stop smoking and visiting polluted places. Smoke has a bad effect on the cornea, causes it to become dry, and impairs its nutrition and blood supply. Because of this, it may heal more slowly.
2. Do not engage in sports that may impact the eyes - swimming, wrestling, etc. Injuries to the cornea during the recovery period are extremely undesirable and can lead to irreparable consequences.
3. Avoid eye strain. It is important not to spend a lot of time at the computer, reading a book or watching TV. You should also avoid driving in the evening.
4. Avoid bright light, wear sunglasses.
5. Do not use cosmetics for eyelids and eyelashes.
6. Do not wear contact lenses for 1-2 weeks.

Risks and consequences of the operation

There are early and late postoperative complications. The first ones usually appear within a few days. These include:

• Non-healing corneal erosion. Its treatment is quite complex and requires consultation with specialized specialists. Common methods of therapy are the use of collagen coatings of the cornea, contact vision correction (use of soft lenses).
• Reduced thickness of the epithelial layer, its progressive destruction. It is accompanied by swelling and the development of erosions.
• Keratitis (inflammation of the eye). It can be infectious or non-infectious in nature. Keratitis manifests itself in redness of the eye, pain, and irritation.
• Opacities in the evaporation zones of the cornea. They can also occur later in the rehabilitation period. Their cause is excessive evaporation of corneal tissue. The complication, as a rule, responds well to treatment with the use of resorption therapy. In some cases, it is necessary to resort to repeated surgery.

The overall rate of long-term complications with Lasik is 1-5%, with PRK – 2-5%. In the later stages, the following negative consequences of laser correction may become apparent:

Vision restoration

For the final determination of the success or failure of the operation, as well as for the stabilization of its results, a rather long period usually must pass. The recovery period can last up to 3 months. Only after its expiration can a conclusion be made about the effectiveness of the treatment, as well as subsequent corrective measures.

Results vary depending on the type of surgery, underlying disease, and degree of vision impairment. The best results are possible with correction at the initial stages of the disorder.

For myopia

The most predictable operation is Lasik. It allows in 80% of cases to achieve correction with an accuracy of 0.5 diopters. In half the cases, in patients with slight myopia, vision is completely restored (acuity value – 1.0). In 90% of cases it improves to 0.5 or higher.

With severe myopia (more than 10 diopters), repeat surgery may be required in 10% of cases. In this case it is called additional correction. During this procedure, the already cut flap is raised and additional evaporation of part of the cornea is carried out. Such operations are carried out 3 and/or 6 months after the first procedure.

It is quite difficult to provide exact data regarding PRK vision correction. The average visual acuity is 0.8. The accuracy of the operation is not very high. The diagnosis of undercorrection or overcorrection is made in 22% of cases. Visual impairment occurs in 9.7% of patients. In 12% of cases the result does not stabilize. The big advantage of using PRK compared to Lasik is the low risk of keratoconus after surgery.

For farsightedness

In this case, vision restoration, even with the Lasik method, does not follow such an optimistic scenario. Only in 80% of cases it is possible to achieve a visual acuity score of 0.5 or higher. Only in a third of patients the functions of the eye are fully restored. The accuracy of the operation in the treatment of farsightedness also suffers: only 60% of patients have a deviation from the planned refraction value of less than 0.5 diopters.

PRK is used to treat farsightedness only if the Lasik method is contraindicated. The results of such correction are quite unstable, which means that quite serious regression is possible over the years. With a weak degree of farsightedness, it is satisfactory only in 60-80% of cases, and with severe impairments - only in 40% of cases.

For astigmatism

With this disease, both methods manifest themselves almost identically. Research from 2013 was published on the Ophthalmology Portal. According to the results of observations, “no statistically significant difference was found in effectiveness [efficacy index = 0.76 (±0.32) for PRK versus 0.74 (±0.19) for LASIK (P = 0.82)], safety [safety index = 1 .10 (±0.26) for PRK vs. 1.01 (±0.17) for LASIK (P = 0.121)] or predictability [achieved: astigmatism<1 Д в 39% операций, выполненных методом ФРК и 54% - методом ЛАСИК и <2 D в 88% ФРК и 89% ЛАСИК (P = 0,218)”.

However, it is worth noting that the success rate of operations is not too high - 74-76%. And also the improvement in vision when using the Lasik method is slightly higher than with PRK.

The cost of laser vision correction, surgery under compulsory medical insurance policy

The question of the possibility of free vision correction is quite controversial. Insurance companies tend to classify such operations as cosmetic, which, according to the law, are paid for by patients themselves.

There is information about the possibility of receiving such assistance for military personnel and their relatives in military hospitals. So, on the website of the Military Medical Academy named after. CM. Kirov city of St. Petersburg indicated: “The Academy provides inpatient and outpatient treatment to military personnel and their families, as well as citizens who have compulsory medical insurance or voluntary health insurance policies from companies that have entered into an agreement with the Military Medical Academy. Without a policy, the VMA provides services to the population on a paid basis.” The list of medical procedures provided includes “ laser correction of visual acuity“. Probably, in general practice, such operations are carried out free of charge if there is an agreement with a specific hospital in the region of military service/residence and the technical capabilities of the medical institution.

The vast majority of laser vision correction operations are carried out on a paid basis. However, working citizens can return a tax deduction of 13% by writing an application. Also, many companies provide discounts to their regular customers and some social groups - pensioners, disabled people, students.

The cost depends on the type of operation, clinic and region. On average, PRK in Moscow costs 15,000 rubles. Lasik, depending on the modification of the method, ranges from 20,000 to 35,000 rubles. Prices are for vision correction in one eye.

Clinics in Moscow and St. Petersburg

The most popular and well-known medical centers in the two largest cities of Russia are:

To do or not to do vision correction is a question that the patient must decide for himself first. This operation is not considered necessary or vital. However, the majority of patients who have undergone laser correction report a huge improvement in their quality of life and their well-being.

Video: LASIK laser vision correction – patient review

Video: laser vision correction - progress of the operation

Vision correction - what is it? When is it needed? Tests and examinations for successful correction

Thank you

The site provides reference information for informational purposes only. Diagnosis and treatment of diseases must be carried out under the supervision of a specialist. All drugs have contraindications. Consultation with a specialist is required!

What does vision correction mean?

Vision correction is one of the areas in ophthalmology and optometry, the main task of which is to achieve maximum visual acuity in the patient. There are several systems for measuring acuity vision, however, everywhere there is a certain “standard”, conventionally equal to one hundred percent. The patient’s visual acuity is determined relative to this norm. Currently, there are quite a few different correction methods.

It should be noted that vision correction, as a rule, is necessary even in the absence of pathology. If a patient has a specific disease that reduces visual acuity, first of all, adequate treatment is necessary.
This applies to the field of ophthalmology. If, for example, you choose glasses without curing the underlying pathology, then your vision will continue to gradually deteriorate, and the glasses will no longer help.

The main goal in this area is to ensure the best quality of life for the patient. To do this, he is selected the method that will bring visual acuity to the highest possible level. In addition, the selected contact lenses or glasses should not cause adverse symptoms ( dizziness, nausea, etc.). Therefore, there is the concept of “tolerance” of correction. In practice, not every patient can have 100% vision restored. However, specialists involved in vision correction try to achieve the highest possible acuity for a particular patient.

The perception of images by the human body occurs as follows:

• Objects that a person sees reflect or emit rays of light. In complete darkness, in the absence of light, a person will not see anything, regardless of his visual acuity.
• The eye consists of a number of structures that can refract light rays and focus them on special receptors. The refractive system of the eye includes the cornea ( the shiny round part of the eye located in front of the pupil) and lens ( a physiological lens inside the eye that can change its curvature). The remaining anatomical structures inside the eyeball play a supporting role and do not participate in refraction ( refraction of light rays).
• Normally, light rays are refracted in such a way that the image is focused on the retina. This is a special membrane on the back surface of the eyeball that contains receptors that respond to light.
• Many nerve endings extend from the receptors, connecting to form the optic nerve, which exits from the orbit into the cranial cavity.
• In the cranial cavity, nerve impulses coming from the eyes are transmitted to the occipital lobes of the brain, where the visual analyzer is located. This is a part of the cerebral cortex that perceives, processes and deciphers incoming information.

Vision may be impaired if there is impairment at any of the above stages. Any therapeutic measures aimed at correcting these disorders can be considered vision correction.

What diseases require vision correction?

Strictly speaking, for various eye diseases, vision correction is a secondary task. Disease implies any disorder ( anatomical or physiological), which requires appropriate treatment. This will avoid complications in the future ( many diseases are progressive and can lead to blindness). Often eye pathologies are accompanied by the appearance of so-called refractive error. This means that light rays passing through the refractive system of the eye are not focused on the retina, which perceives information. It is the refractive error that requires correction, but first of all, the underlying disease must be diagnosed and treated.

Vision correction is required for the following diseases and pathological conditions:

• Keratoconus. For keratoconus, the main treatment method that gives a good effect is a corneal transplant. However, this is a rather complex operation, and many patients refuse it or postpone it for some time. Before the operation, the patient is selected with special lenses that correct vision.
• Cataract. A cataract is a pathological change in the lens, due to which light rays pass through it less well and do not reach the retina. In the initial stages, many patients experience swelling of the lens. Its curvature changes, and it begins to refract light rays more strongly. As a result, so-called false myopia occurs ( myopia) which before the operation ( for lens replacement) corrected with glasses or contact lenses.
• Retinal degeneration. Retinal degeneration is a disorder at the level of the layer of the eye that perceives light rays. Cell death in large numbers can lead to irreversible vision loss. If treatment is successful in stopping the degeneration, vision correction may be necessary. Since the retina does not take part in refraction, the correction here will have its own characteristics. The image can be focused in the required area, but vision is reduced due to the partial death of receptor cells. Some patients benefit from spectral glasses in such cases, which selectively block light rays of a certain wavelength. Thus, the patient does not see the entire color spectrum, but only some colors. However, visual acuity in these cases can increase noticeably.
• Damage to the lens. Sometimes, as a result of an eye injury, the lens, which is responsible for focusing images at different distances, is damaged. If for certain reasons it cannot be replaced, the lens is simply removed without implanting an artificial one. Correction is carried out using a strong lens ( about +10 dioptres). Its optical refractive power partially compensates for the lack of a lens, and vision improves significantly. In young children with congenital eye abnormalities, such correction is sometimes resorted to temporarily. After a certain age, surgery is performed to implant an artificial lens, and the need to use a lens disappears.
• Corneal injury. In some cases, after an eye injury or surgery ( as a complication) the shape of the cornea may change significantly. Typically, this leads to the development of compound astigmatism, when light rays are refracted differently in different directions ( meridians), and the image does not focus on the retina. Currently, it is believed that scleral lens correction is most effective for such patients.

Also, conditions requiring vision correction include pseudophakia. This is not a disease, but a consequence of treatment, when after a cataract an artificial lens is implanted into the eye. Many patients then have problems with near vision and are prescribed appropriate glasses.

It should also be noted that some eye diseases lead to deterioration of vision, which cannot be corrected. These are pathologies that kill cells at the level of the retina and optic nerve. These include, for example, glaucoma and severe retinal degeneration of various etiologies ( origin). In these cases, there is no refractive error that can be corrected with glasses or contact lenses. The image is ideally projected onto the retina, but the eye is still unable to perceive it normally. Without proper treatment and control, such pathologies lead to irreversible visual impairment and blindness.

Which doctors specialize in vision correction?

Vision correction involves two large sections. Firstly, it is necessary to diagnose and treat eye pathology, which in many cases can progress or cause various complications. This is what they do ophthalmologists ( sign up) and ophthalmic surgeons. Secondly, many patients need to choose glasses or contact lenses to restore normal vision. This is what optometrists do. The coordinated work of doctors at various stages allows most patients to achieve the desired result or maintain existing visual acuity ( if there is irreversible damage or impairment).

In various cases, the following specialists can participate in vision correction:

• Ophthalmologist. An ophthalmologist is a specialist involved in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of various eye diseases. It is this doctor who is usually consulted by patients whose vision begins to decline. If necessary, the ophthalmologist can refer the patient to a more specialized specialist who will provide more qualified assistance for a specific problem.
• Pediatric ophthalmologist. Pediatric ophthalmology is often classified as a separate branch, since vision correction here has its own characteristics. The eye increases in size as the child grows older, and this can lead to both progression of the disease and spontaneous improvement in vision. That is why the selection of glasses or contact lenses, as well as the decision about surgical treatment in childhood, requires increased attention. Only a pediatric ophthalmologist who is familiar with all these subtleties will be able to provide optimal vision correction for a child.
• Ophthalmic surgeon. An ophthalmic surgeon is a specialist in eye microsurgery. Essentially, he is an ophthalmologist who has the skills necessary to perform surgery on the eyeball. These specialists specialize in surgical vision correction. This may be necessary for a number of eye diseases. Surgeries can also be performed to allow the patient to avoid wearing glasses or contact lenses ( not in all cases there is such an opportunity).
• Retinologist. A retinologist is a specialist who deals with pathologies of the retina. His consultation is required if vision begins to decline due to dystrophy ( dying off) retina, retinal detachment or retinal nutritional disorders. Also, consultation with a retinologist is indicated for patients with diabetes mellitus ( even if your vision has not yet begun to deteriorate).
• Strabolog. A strabologist is a specialist in ophthalmology who treats strabismus. This doctor will be able to most accurately determine the causes of this problem and advise the necessary treatment. Children are especially often referred to a strabologist, since many cases of strabismus in childhood can be corrected. Vision correction here involves selecting the necessary glasses, and sometimes surgical intervention.
• Optometrist. In many countries, an optometrist is not equal in qualifications to doctors, since he cannot conduct a full diagnosis and prescribe treatment. However, it is this specialist who directly deals with vision correction. His task is to select glasses or contact lenses that meet the individual needs of the patient. Patients who have already been treated by an ophthalmologist, but whose vision has not been restored one hundred percent, are referred to an optometrist. They are selected glasses depending on the nature of the work, existing anatomical and physiological features. Certified optometrists work in opticians and large vision correction centers.

It should also be noted that sometimes vision decreases due to systemic diseases that are not directly related to the organ of vision. In these cases, the ophthalmologist, having determined the cause, can refer the patient for consultation to another specialist. For example, with diabetes, vision may decrease due to changes at the level of the retina. To maintain normal blood sugar levels, the patient will be referred to an endocrinologist. In other cases, a consultation with a neurologist, rheumatologist, etc. may be required. Of course, the ophthalmologist will also take a direct part in maintaining a normal level of vision. It’s just that complete recovery in these cases requires the joint efforts of several specialists.

Is vision correction possible in only one eye?

In some patients, due to injury or some disease, vision deteriorates in only one eye. Of course, in this case, vision correction will require an individual approach, although there are not many fundamental differences. For example, surgical interventions are in any case performed on each eye separately ( for example, laser correction or lens replacement for cataracts).

Spectacle correction is also possible, but in these cases it has some disadvantages. If strong correction is needed in one eye, more massive lenses are used here. In the second eye, such correction is not needed, and the optician can insert a simple glass there that does not distort the image. As a rule, the thickness of this glass is selected so that its mass is approximately equal to the mass of the lens. This way the frame will look normal on your face ( if there is a difference in mass, it may be slightly skewed). However, the glass will look different externally, which will create an aesthetic problem for a person. To avoid this, it is possible to select a contact lens that will be worn only on the eye in which correction is needed.

What vision requires correction?

There is no definite answer to this question, since each patient decides for himself when he needs to see a doctor. For most people, vision gradually deteriorates with age, due to a number of anatomical and physiological changes ( First of all, a decrease in the elasticity of the lens). Perfect vision ( one hundred percent) is a conventional value that doctors need as a guide. Quite a lot of people have visual acuity of 150 – 300 percent, and sometimes more. This is an individual characteristic of a person. With a number of pathologies, the vision of such people can decrease by up to one hundred percent, and they will feel discomfort compared to their previous condition. An attentive doctor, when examining such patients, will note a gradual deterioration and determine its cause.

In general, in the absence of pathology, the moment when vision correction is necessary is determined by the patient himself. It occurs when a person becomes uncomfortable performing usual actions at work, at home, or in certain conditions. Often people turn to us for special glasses for reading or working on a computer. Thus, the need for vision correction is largely dictated by the patient’s lifestyle. Those people who do not encounter increased eye strain in everyday life can lead a normal life even with visual acuity reduced to 70–80 percent of the generally accepted norm.

However, there are a number of situations when vision correction is necessary for medical reasons. This usually happens when we are talking about progressive eye pathologies. For such patients, the correct selection of glasses or contact lenses is a chance to stop or slow down the problem.

Vision correction is necessary in the following cases:

• Congenital refractive errors. Children may experience congenital refractive errors for various reasons. This is due to the individual characteristics of the cornea, lens or abnormal size of the eyeball ( too “long” or too “short” eye). If you do not choose the right glasses or contact lenses that will correct your refractive error ( light refraction), the body will begin to adapt itself to the current conditions in the process of growth. As a result, strabismus may develop. Correct correction is especially necessary if visual acuity differs greatly between the eyes. In this case, strabismus appears faster in children, and binocular vision may not develop ( vision with two eyes).
• Progressive ( congenital and acquired) myopia. With congenital myopia, a variety of problems may appear with age in a child. Firstly, as the body grows, the eye will increase slightly in size, and visual acuity will decrease more. Secondly, there is a risk of retinal detachment ( for axial myopia), which leads to irreversible vision loss. Thirdly, amblyopia may develop, which cannot be cured in adulthood. All these problems can be prevented with proper correction of myopia in childhood.
• Deterioration in quality of life. This reason is the simplest and most obvious. As soon as a person begins to experience difficulties at work or at home, he needs vision correction. This allows you to maintain your ability to work and improve your quality of life.

There are other, less common indications for visiting an ophthalmologist.

Where to go for vision correction? ( centers, clinics, institutes, etc.)

Currently, there are many public and private clinics that offer a wide range of vision correction methods. To select glasses or contact lenses, it is most convenient to contact an optician. Here they conduct an initial examination of the patient, check their visual acuity and can issue a prescription for glasses. Some opticians also have appointment hours for an ophthalmologist who provides consultations. If the optician does not provide such a service, the optometrist will refer the patient to a specialized specialist ( if you suspect any disease that requires specific treatment, and not just vision correction).

Private clinics and vision correction centers employ specialists in various fields. Most of these centers provide both surgical and optical vision correction services. You can make an appointment with a specialist by phone ( registry), and sometimes online.

Is vision correction provided under the compulsory medical insurance policy ( compulsory health insurance) for free?

In principle, both surgical and non-surgical vision correction are covered by most health insurance policies. However, there are several points that can affect this. They must be taken into account or clarified before contacting a medical institution for a free procedure.

The inclusion of vision correction in an insurance policy is affected by the following conditions:

• Type of policy. In the case of health insurance, there are documents and contracts that detail situations in which a person can expect compensation for the cost of medical services. Some policies may include vision correction, others may not.
• Visual acuity. Typically, health insurance covers diseases and problems that pose a danger to the patient or greatly affect the standard of living. If your vision is slightly impaired, your insurance may not cover the correction. Details can be obtained from the company with which the contract is concluded.
• Clinic or center providing services. Vision correction under the policy can only be done in a clinic or center that has a contract with the insurance company. In the case of compulsory health insurance, these are usually public hospitals and some private clinics. Also, insurance may not cover the entire range of vision correction services available at the clinic. Details can be obtained both from the insurance company and from the clinic where the patient wants to receive medical services.

It should also be taken into account that for vision correction under the policy ( especially surgical) are usually recorded in a queue. Sometimes you can wait several years for surgery. Urgently, according to the policy, only correction or surgical intervention is performed that can prevent blindness or irreversible loss of vision. That is, only for some diseases ( for certain indications) vision correction can be done free of charge under the policy.

What conditions most often require vision correction?

Vision correction in the vast majority of cases involves correcting the so-called refractive error. This means that with the help of special lenses, light rays entering the eye are focused on the retina, which perceives the image and transmits it to the brain. Regardless of the reasons that caused the violations, there are four main types of refractive errors. These are pathological conditions when the focus shifts from the retina in one way or another, and a person begins to see poorly.

It is customary to distinguish the following types of refractive errors:

• myopia ( myopia);
• astigmatism;
• presbyopia.

Each of the above types has its own characteristics and requires appropriate vision correction. Cases of impaired binocular vision due to strabismus, when the eyes perceive the image “separately,” are considered separately.

Vision correction for myopia ( myopia)

According to statistics, myopia is the most common cause of decreased visual acuity. Currently, it is common in both adults and children. In this case, the focal point is located in front of the retina. As a rule, this occurs due to the fact that the eyeball has an elongated shape ( along the anteroposterior axis) or the refractive power of the cornea is too strong. In any case, correction involves the use of scattering ( minus) lenses. This shifts the focus to the retina and visual acuity returns to normal. People with myopia see well at close range, but have trouble seeing distant objects. In many cases, patients are prescribed distance glasses.

In correcting myopia, doctors adhere to the following principles:

• Myopia under the age of 1 year cannot be corrected.
• In case of congenital myopia in children from 1 to 3 years old, wearing glasses is recommended. Contact correction is also possible if the child tolerates it well and the parents have the necessary skills to carefully remove and put on contact lenses.
• With the so-called school myopia ( in school-age children) there is regular eye strain. Maximum vision correction is recommended.
• If the eye muscles work normally, then the child is prescribed one pair of glasses for constant use. If muscle weakness is detected, 2 pairs of glasses are prescribed, for distance and for near. In this case, the pair for near is weaker, and for distance it is stronger.
• Often, for myopia, bifocal glasses are used, which combine correction for distance and near. In the lower zone ( for reading) the correction will be smaller. This is necessary because with one pair of distance glasses ( which the patient wears constantly), difficult to read and perform work at close range. At school age, such a correction may be temporary.
• Adults under 45 years of age are usually prescribed one pair of distance glasses with full correction ( up to 100% or as close to this figure as possible).
• After 40-45 years, the patient may develop presbyopia ( age-related changes in the lens). With this combination, progressive glasses are recommended, in which the refractive power is maximum at the top of the lens and weakens from top to bottom.

Contact correction for myopia has its own indications. Patients with large differences in visual acuity in different eyes ( more than 2 diopters) may be uncomfortable with glasses, and complete correction cannot be made. However, even if the difference is small, it is sometimes more convenient to use contact lenses. They are recommended if the degree of myopia is more than -3. If myopia is more than -6 diopters, then the glasses will simply be too massive, and side distortions will not allow the patient to quickly adapt to them.

When correcting myopia, it is important to pay attention to whether the problem is progressing. In many cases, the anteroposterior size of the eye gradually increases and the degree of myopia increases. In childhood, it is recommended to slow down the progression with the help of night lenses. They can be used to correct myopia up to -6 diopters ( with some types of lenses and up to -8). Myopia rarely progresses in adulthood.

In the case of myopia, it is recommended to periodically consult an ophthalmologist or optometrist, who can measure visual acuity and determine whether the problem is progressing. This is especially necessary in childhood ( preventive examination should be done every six months). If early myopia is not corrected, various complications may develop. The child will not develop binocular vision normally ( there is constant double vision) and stereo vision ( three-dimensional perception of objects). In addition, over time, divergent strabismus may develop, which will be more difficult to treat in the future.

Also, many patients resort to laser vision correction. It is possible if myopia does not progress. If, with progressive myopia, the shape of the cornea is corrected with a laser, the improvement will be temporary. Gradually the eye will stretch further and vision will deteriorate again. In such patients, it is preferable to have a negative phakic lens implanted ( a corrective lens is implanted directly into the eyeball, in front of the lens).

Buying glasses on your own to correct myopia is not recommended for several reasons. Firstly, the causes of this pathology are not known. The approach to treating myopia depends on other parameters of the eye ( refractive power, presence of concomitant astigmatism, size of the eyeball). Secondly, myopia can be temporary. For example, it may be a consequence of the so-called spasm of accommodation, when the muscles responsible for the curvature of the lens are tense. Temporary myopia can also appear with diabetes mellitus or while taking a number of medications ( sulfonamide antibiotics, etc.).

Vision correction for farsightedness ( hypermetropia)

With farsightedness, the focus of the eye's refractive systems is behind the retina, which reduces visual acuity. The cause of this problem may be insufficient curvature of the cornea or lens, or the anteroposterior axis of the eye is too short. A patient with farsightedness has difficulty seeing objects both at close range and in the distance. However, in some patients ( especially in childhood) there may be no symptoms or manifestations at all. This is explained by the ability of the eye to change the curvature of the lens ( accommodation). By constantly straining the muscles that fix the lens, the patient unconsciously shifts the focus to the retina, and visual acuity can be one hundred percent. This only happens if the lens tissue is sufficiently elastic and the muscle is able to work for a long time. With age ( as well as when muscle capacity is depleted) visual acuity deteriorates sharply.
That is why slight farsightedness in young people is more difficult to suspect and identify than myopia.

Correction of farsightedness is carried out with collective lenses that shift the focus to the retina of the eye ( bring it closer to the lens). Properly selected glasses or contact lenses remove additional stress from the ciliary muscles responsible for accommodation. This eliminates rapid eye fatigue and improves the patient’s well-being.

When correcting farsightedness, the following principles are adhered to:

• In childhood, correction is needed only if the child has had a congenital cataract removed without implantation of an artificial lens ( On average, a lens of +10 diopters is required).
• At the age of up to 3 years, farsightedness with a degree of less than +3 diopters also does not require correction ( in the absence of additional indications).
• If convergent strabismus occurs, the child is prescribed glasses that are close to full vision correction.
• At school, the child works a lot at close range ( reads, draws, etc.), which in case of farsightedness requires a lot of effort. Glasses are prescribed for classes to reduce eye strain. The degree of correction depends on many factors and remains at the discretion of the doctor.
• Teenagers in high school and adults with farsightedness undergo correction that is close to complete. It should be borne in mind that complete correction is difficult in many cases, but it is not necessary. In any case, the muscles partially compensate for the error, and they also need to be kept in good shape.
• After 40 years, most people begin to develop presbyopia, which, as it progresses, eliminates the possibility of accommodation and correction due to the work of the eye muscles. Therefore, such patients are usually prescribed two pairs of glasses ( for distance and near), and glasses for near will be stronger.
• Correction of farsightedness with contact lenses is done less frequently, as patients adapt to them less well ( compared to lenses for myopia). Contact lenses are prescribed when there is a large difference in visual acuity between the eyes.

If there is a large refractive error, surgical lens replacement is possible. In this case, the artificial lens will be implanted taking into account the refractive error. Currently, there are so-called multifocal lenses that have a certain elasticity. This allows the eye muscles to compensate for small errors by changing the refractive power of the lens within 1 diopter. If a patient with farsightedness begins to develop cataracts ( which in any case will require removal of the lens), surgical treatment is the best option. Laser vision correction is also possible.

During a consultation with an ophthalmologist or optometrist, a patient with farsightedness should have the volume of accommodation measured. This will allow you to more accurately select the necessary glasses or contact lenses.

Vision correction for astigmatism

Correcting vision for astigmatism is a more difficult task than for normal myopia or farsightedness. Due to changes in the shape of the cornea or lens, the optical system of the eye creates several foci that do not fall on the retina. For the necessary displacement of both foci and the formation of a normal image, cylindrical spectacle lenses or toric contact lenses are used.

When correcting astigmatism, adhere to the following rules:

• For children under 1 year of age, astigmatism cannot be corrected.
• Up to 3 years, correction is required only if the error is more than 2 diopters ( sometimes at the discretion of the doctor and less).
• In principle, to restore 100% vision with astigmatism, complete correction is needed. However, many patients ( especially children) are difficult to adapt to astigmatic lenses. In these cases, it is recommended to initially select a lower cylinder force ( incomplete correction). As the patient ages, he changes several pairs of glasses, and each time his correction is closer to complete. Thus, by adulthood the patient receives a complete correction and tolerates it well ( since adaptation occurred gradually).
• Many patients with cylindrical lenses have difficulty adapting. They need to be examined especially carefully. Sometimes for good vision it is enough to choose the right spherical lens. But if the combination of a sphere and a cylinder gives better vision, you need to explain to the patient that the adjustment period will pass and he will not experience any discomfort.
• Patients who cannot tolerate cylinders are often prescribed soft toric lenses, which provide correction similar to a cylinder. If the refractive error is more than 3 diopters, hard toric lenses are prescribed, since soft ones will repeat the irregular shape of the cornea and will not provide complete correction. With both hard and soft toric contact lenses, the patient feels much more comfortable than with cylindrical glasses.
• In many cases, astigmatism can be eliminated with laser vision correction. With the help of laser radiation, the shape of the cornea is leveled, and the patient's vision is significantly improved.
• Another option for patients with astigmatism is surgical implantation of a toric lens ( intraocular lens). When selected correctly, it also provides good correction, and it is easier for the patient himself, since he does not have to take it off and put it on again. The downside is certain risks associated with the operation itself.
• For large astigmatism, some patients are prescribed scleral lenses. Due to their large diameter, they cover not only the cornea, but also part of the sclera. Thus, correction with a scleral lens will not be affected by irregularities on the surface of the cornea.

Vision correction for presbyopia ( age-related decrease in visual acuity)

Presbyopia is an extremely common problem that occurs in older people. It occurs due to problems with accommodation. The lens loses its elasticity, and the patient's near vision gradually deteriorates, although at a distance it may remain good for a long time. Correcting such a problem requires an individual approach.

When correcting vision in a patient with presbyopia, the following rules are followed:

• The vast majority of people over 40 years of age need different vision correction for distance and near vision. To do this, most often order 2 pairs of glasses or 2 pairs of contact lenses, which are changed as necessary.
• The optimal solution for patients with presbyopia is progressive glasses. In them, the upper part of the lens is designed to correct vision at a distance, and the lower part is intended to correct near vision.
• Another solution may be multifocal contact lenses. Here the focal length for near is located in the center of the lens, and for distance - at the periphery. Gradually the patient gets used to using different tricks as needed.
• For presbyopia, monovision vision correction is possible. In this case, different eyes are given different vision correction ( even if both eyes have the same visual acuity). The correction is done in such a way that one eye will see well at a distance, and the other – close. For many patients, this can cause some discomfort, since problems with binocular vision are artificially created. Monovision correction is best suited for those people who have had anisometropia since birth ( different visual acuity in different eyes). Such patients experience problems with binocular vision throughout their lives, and therefore become more easily accustomed to different lenses.
• In some cases, patients with presbyopia may find it convenient to use bifocals. They are cheaper than progressive ones, although they have a similar effect. These glasses have two zones, for distance and for near, which allows you to avoid constantly walking with two pairs of glasses. However, unlike progressive glasses, there is no intermediate, transition zone. Bifocal glasses for presbyopia are convenient to use when working ( when the required distance is clearly defined). However, it is very difficult to walk down the street or drive a car in them.

It should also be noted that laser vision correction is not usually done for presbyopia. This is due to the fact that visual acuity at close range decreases due to a decrease in the elasticity of the lens. By changing the shape of the cornea using a laser, you can correct the situation only for a certain time. Over the long term, presbyopia will still progress, and vision will begin to deteriorate again. Laser correction cannot be done again, since this procedure makes the cornea thinner, and it is impossible to thin it indefinitely.

Vision correction for strabismus ( strabismus)

Strabismus is a very serious problem, so its correction is carried out by individual specialists - strabologists. First of all, the cause of this violation should be determined. Depending on this, appropriate correction methods will be selected. In many cases, achieving full vision ( 100% and binocular) does not work.

For patients with strabismus, the following vision correction options are available:

• Children with congenital strabismus definitely need correction. Otherwise, they will not develop binocular vision ( the brain will not learn to perceive one image with both eyes), and it will simply be impossible to fix the problem in the future.
• If strabismus begins to develop against the background of a refractive error, it should be corrected. For this purpose, the child is prescribed appropriate glasses. With myopia, divergent strabismus may appear, and this is corrected with minus glasses. With hypermetropia ( most common option) convergent strabismus develops, and it is corrected with plus glasses.
• In adults, strabismus may appear due to problems with the nervous system ( the nerves that control the external muscles of the eyeball are affected). This type of strabismus is called paralytic. Sometimes this is the result of a stroke, injury or a number of other diseases. In some patients, such changes are reversible, and the strabismus may be temporary. With effective treatment, mobility and coordination of the muscles that rotate the eyeball are restored. Neurologists treat paralytic strabismus.
• In complex cases of strabismus, patients may be prescribed prismatic glasses, which shift the perceived image and partially restore binocular vision. These glasses are selected by strabologists.
• Surgical correction of strabismus is possible, but has its drawbacks. Firstly, during an operation it is very difficult for a surgeon to calculate how much to “tighten” a muscle or its tendon. Because of this, not all operations are successful. Sometimes the eye position only approaches normal. Secondly, if the child has not developed binocular vision, surgical correction will return it, and the eye will still not participate in the perception of visual information. In other words, the correction will be aesthetic. The patient will appear normal and his eyes will move in sync, but the eye that was squinting before surgery will still not be able to see anything.

Is vision correction possible if the eye “sees blurred”?

The causes of cloudy or blurred vision can vary. Indeed, with a large refractive error, a person may complain of blurred vision. In these cases, properly fitted glasses or contact lenses will restore normal vision and eliminate the feeling of fog in front of the eye.

However, the reason may also lie in various eye pathologies that require additional treatment. For example, with cataracts, the substance of the lens becomes cloudy, light passes through it less well, and a person has the feeling that the eye “sees cloudy.” It is impossible to solve such a problem with glasses. An operation is required to replace the lens, which will restore the transparency of the optical media of the eye. A similar situation occurs with clouding of the sclera or certain pathologies of the cornea. Only surgical treatment will help patients.

There are also a number of pathologies in which it is not possible to restore full vision. For example, with retinal degeneration or optic nerve atrophy, those parts of the eye that cannot be surgically replaced die. In these cases, treatment is not aimed at restoring vision, but at preserving the visual acuity that is currently available.

Thus, if the eye “sees cloudy,” the patient needs to contact an ophthalmologist, who will conduct an examination and determine the cause of this problem. Only after treating pathologies of the eyeball will it be possible to effectively select the necessary means of vision correction ( glasses, contact lenses, etc.).

Is it possible to stop the progressive deterioration of vision after childbirth?

According to statistics, many patients after childbirth experience deterioration in vision due to the fact that existing myopia progresses. In other words, the existing minus becomes larger. With hypermetropia ( farsightedness) such a connection with childbirth is noted much less frequently. At the moment, it has not been reliably established what the mechanism of myopia progression after childbirth is. That is why there is no single effective treatment for such patients. If your vision begins to deteriorate after childbirth, you should immediately consult a doctor to determine the possible causes and the necessary correction. In many cases, normal vision can only be restored by wearing glasses and contact lenses ( the changes are irreversible).

Also, significant visual deterioration is possible with various complications of pregnancy. For example, with eclampsia or metabolic disorders, pathological changes in the retina or optic nerve may begin. Such conditions require urgent qualified help, as they can potentially lead to complete irreversible loss of vision.

What tests and examinations need to be completed for successful vision correction?

In principle, vision correction does not imply any mandatory tests or analyses. The selection of glasses or contact lenses can be carried out for all patients without exception, and for this you only need a competent specialist and an office equipped with the necessary equipment. In parallel with assessing visual acuity, an ophthalmologist or optometrist may suspect any pathologies ( organ of vision or other body systems). In these cases, the selection of glasses may be delayed, and additional tests and examinations will be needed.

For example, if there are characteristic changes in the retina, the doctor may suspect the patient has diabetes.
If the patient hears such a diagnosis for the first time, he is sent for a consultation with an endocrinologist, who can confirm the presence of this pathology. Glasses or contact lenses should be selected when the doctor is sure that vision will not significantly deteriorate in the near future for any reason. Otherwise, the patient will soon need repeated correction.

Consultation with an ophthalmologist or optometrist

Actually, any vision correction begins with a consultation with an ophthalmologist or optometrist. It is these specialists who can expertly assess visual acuity and identify any problems. You can find them in almost all clinics or hospitals, as well as in specialized vision correction centers. In most cases, in the absence of any diseases, the patient will leave such a consultation with a prescription for glasses or contact lenses. If any pathology is detected, the necessary treatment will be prescribed and a repeat consultation may be required.

To effectively assist in your consultation with an ophthalmologist or optometrist, the following information may be required:

• honest answers to questions regarding complaints and symptoms ( for example, rapid fatigue, difficulty reading or working at the computer, etc.);
• cases of decreased vision in relatives ( if known - specific diagnosis);
• associated health problems ( past infections, chronic diseases);
• living and working conditions ( to understand what factors affect vision in everyday life);
• visual acuity at the previous examination ( if you have a doctor's note);
• prescription for previous glasses or contact lenses;
• extracts from operations for vision correction ( if any were carried out).

All this information will help the specialist better understand why the patient’s vision has decreased. There is no point in hiding any details, since the result may simply be incorrectly selected glasses, and the consultation will be in vain.

During a consultation regarding decreased visual acuity, the doctor usually uses the following examination methods:

• Anamnesis collection. Anamnesis is a detailed interview of the patient to obtain subjective information. This helps the doctor choose further examination tactics.
• Determination of the dominant eye. For most people ( However, not all) one eye is dominant. Its determination is necessary for some types of vision correction. If it is not possible to achieve the best acuity in both eyes, optimal correction is given to the leading one. There are several simple tests to help doctors perform this procedure. The simplest one is the “keyhole”. The patient extends both arms and places one palm on top of the other, leaving a small hole. Through this hole he looks at the doctor. The doctor, looking at the patient, will see exactly the leading eye.
• Definition of strabismus. There is overt and covert strabismus, which must be determined for optimal vision correction. Obvious strabismus can usually be seen with the naked eye. There are a number of special tests to determine hidden strabismus.
• Measuring visual acuity. This is a standard procedure for which special tables are usually used. Most tables are designed for a distance of 6 or 3 meters, but you can “recalculate” the result obtained for another distance. There are many types of tables for different categories of patients ( adults, children, people who cannot read, etc.). Sometimes visual acuity is determined using a special sign projector. During a standard examination, the doctor first checks the visual acuity of the right eye, then the left, then both eyes. The eye that is not being tested must be covered with your palm or a special cover, but not closed or pressed on it ( this may affect the results of the examination). At the end of this procedure, the doctor notes the visual acuity for each eye individually and for binocular vision ( both eyes). If the patient comes to the consultation already with glasses, the doctor should check them. The patient is asked to put on the existing glasses, after which the same visual acuity determination is performed. When selecting reading glasses, special tables with fonts of different sizes are used. During the test, the patient should not squint or try to zoom in on the table.
• Interpupillary distance. The so-called interpupillary distance is of great importance when choosing glasses. This is the distance between the centers of the pupils, the points where most light rays normally hit. You need to determine it in order to correctly set the frame for selecting glasses. The optical center of the test lenses must coincide exactly with the center of the pupil. In addition, the prescription for glasses also indicates the interpupillary distance for the optician. He will make lenses so that they fit well into the chosen frame ( regardless of its shape) and provided the best vision correction. If you have certain skills, you can determine the interpupillary distance quite accurately using a regular ruler. There is also a special device - a pupillometer.
• Autorefractometry. In principle, this procedure is analogous to testing visual acuity. It is carried out using a special apparatus. The patient sits down at the device, places his chin on a special stand and looks at the picture. It is important to look at a specific distant object ( which one, says the doctor). At this time, the specialist takes the necessary measurements. That is, the data is read objectively, without the direct participation of the patient. However, autorefractometry data is by no means the final result based on which glasses or contact lenses are prescribed. Even the best device can give a significant error. It is especially difficult to obtain reliable data on visual acuity in children. That is why autorefractometry is carried out before the usual test ( using tables). By comparing the data obtained in both cases, the doctor will more accurately determine the patient’s visual acuity.
• Determination of binocular and stereo vision. There are a number of tests that allow you to assess the quality of a patient’s binocular and stereo vision. In some pathologies, the eyes may appear healthy, but the brain does not perceive visual information well and processes it incorrectly.
• Subjective determination of refraction. This procedure essentially boils down to selecting the necessary lenses. The doctor, placing lenses from a standard set in front of the patient’s eyes, tries to achieve the best visual acuity. This selection of glasses is called subjective, since the result depends on the patient’s answers ( how well does he see the letters or symbols shown?). Lens selection can also be done using a special device - a phoropter, which automatically changes lenses. It should be noted that qualified vision correction does not end at this stage. The doctor should perform several more verification tests to ensure that he has not made any errors in fitting the glasses.
• Retinoscopy. This procedure is an objective method for determining visual acuity. The doctor sits opposite the patient and, using a special device ( retinoscope) directs light rays alternately into each eye. The device allows you to approximately determine visual acuity. The accuracy of this method is quite high and depends on the skills and experience of the specialist. The procedure is considered objective because it does not depend on the patient's responses or actions.
• Pinhole test. This test is performed after selecting the necessary lenses. The doctor closes one of the patient’s eyes with a special shutter, and places a similar shutter in front of the other, but with a small hole ( diameter approximately 1 – 1.5 mm). Through this hole, the patient's vision is checked using a table. If the visual acuity on the Pinhole test matches the acuity with the selected lenses, the glasses were selected correctly. If vision improves significantly through this hole, it is considered that the lenses were not fitted well and the doctor should recheck their results. The patient can, in theory, get better vision.
• Keratometry. This examination is usually done in parallel with autorefractometry. The device measures the diameter, thickness and radius of curvature of the cornea. This gives the doctor additional information about why the patient's vision may have deteriorated. This examination is especially important before laser vision correction, as well as when selecting contact lenses.

There are also a number of other tests that a specialist can carry out during a consultation, but they are only necessary if there are certain indications. For example, patients after 35–40 years of age must have their

If something goes wrong, you can go blind during laser vision correction...

In fact, laser surgery is the most gentle, delicate medical technology. The use of fantastically accurate, “smart” equipment of the new generation practically eliminates any errors during the procedures, therefore the degree of safety of modern high-tech treatment is as high as possible. So if laser correction is carried out according to indications, it is safe!

No, no, and you’ll see an ophthalmologist wearing glasses. It scares. After all, if doctors don’t do laser vision correction for themselves, it means it’s very dangerous!

The doctor is not a robot, but an ordinary person, and he may have contraindications for laser correction. As a rule, restrictions are caused by the structural features of the cornea, as well as some common diseases. The age factor is also important: laser correction, for example, is not recommended for those over 45 years old. Upon reaching this milestone, the visual system begins to undergo certain changes, age-related farsightedness develops, vision deteriorates, so a person may not get the desired result from the procedure and will have to continue using glasses, albeit with slightly different diopters.

Laser vision correction is not performed on those under 18 years of age. If this is harmful for children and adolescents, does that mean there is something to be afraid of for older patients?

The point is not at all that laser correction is “harmful”! This procedure is not performed on children and adolescents, not because it could cause any harm. The fact is that the child is growing, his body is constantly changing and developing, and it is difficult to guarantee a lasting result of the correction until the vision is completely stabilized. By adulthood, the formation of the visual system ends - and laser correction becomes advisable.

They say that after laser vision correction you should not give birth, it can harm your vision...

Again, this is just a myth. Laser correction is successfully performed on nulliparous women; this procedure does not carry any potential risks for expectant mothers. Problems during childbirth are possible for a completely different reason, due to the unsatisfactory condition of the retina - serious stress can cause its detachment and loss of vision. Therefore, all women planning to have a child should visit an ophthalmology clinic, check the condition of the retina and, if necessary, undergo procedures to strengthen it. If we talk about laser correction, it is not carried out directly during pregnancy and breastfeeding, but this ban is not due to any threats to mothers or babies. In pregnant and lactating women, the hormonal levels are changed, and the result of the correction may be unstable; the procedure simply will not give the expected effect.

After laser correction, you will have to take care; you will have to forget about sports and extreme activities!

Of course, you will have to take care, but only in the first days after the procedure. For example, wait a little while visiting the pool or sauna; the break in sports will also be very short.
Laser correction does not impose any restrictions on physical activity in the future - it is probably enough to say that this method of vision restoration is actively used by test pilots, climbers, stuntmen, and wrestlers.

The results of the correction will not last long. In a few years, your vision will deteriorate again - and you will have to repeat the procedure!

This is wrong. In widespread practice, this method of restoring visual functions has been used for many years; serious experience has been accumulated in observing patients who have undergone laser correction. Ophthalmologists say with confidence: if a thorough diagnosis of the visual system and analysis of the general condition of the body shows that the patient has no contraindications to the procedure, the result will last for many years.

Laser correction helps some, but for others it turns out to be useless. You can undergo this procedure and not improve your vision at all!

Medical statistics clearly say: laser correction is a reliable and effective way to restore visual functions; if it is done according to indications, vision will definitely improve! By the way, thanks to the ever-increasing range of capabilities of new generation equipment, the scope of application of laser correction is constantly expanding; today it is successfully performed on people even with very complex refractive errors. New techniques are constantly appearing that make it possible to select the most effective options for carrying out this procedure, optimally suited for each specific patient: this is the Custom Vue personalized support technology, which makes it possible to take into account the smallest features of the visual system, and the femtolaser technique, the use of which makes it possible to provide unprecedented gentleness on the eye structures and precise impact.

In order to undergo laser vision correction, you will have to spend time in the hospital, all this is terribly long, painful and scary!

Not at all! Modern methods of laser correction make it possible to carry out this procedure on an outpatient basis, in a “one day” mode. Laser correction lasts only about 10-15 minutes, after the procedure you will have to spend about 1-2 hours in the clinic, this is necessary for the doctor to do a follow-up eye examination. And some more numbers. Patients begin to see well within 1.5-2 hours after correction. You can work at the computer within 1-2 days after the correction. There may be slight fluctuations in vision, but in most cases everything returns to normal within 1 week.

Laser vision correction is very expensive, such a procedure is available only to a select few...

Initially, when laser correction was just beginning to be used to restore vision, this procedure actually had a very significant cost. Today, the method has become widespread, laser correction is now, in a sense, put on stream - and, accordingly, its price has dropped significantly. If we compare the cost of laser correction with the amounts spent on purchasing high-quality frames and making glasses, add here the cost of contact lenses and care products, and multiply all this by decades of trips to the optician, it becomes clear that this procedure does entail carries serious financial benefits. However, there is another side to the question. The ability to see, and to see clearly and clearly - how much can this cost? I think the answer is obvious. Good vision is priceless.

What is laser correction

Laser vision correction is a surgical procedure. Its method is based on changing the shape of the cornea and correcting refractive errors of the eye. Thanks to this, the image on the retina begins to focus as it should. This eliminates the need for patients to use contact lenses or glasses.

Who conducts

In Moscow, laser vision correction is performed in special microsurgical eye hospitals. Operations are carried out under the supervision of ophthalmologists and microsurgeons. The price of laser vision correction will depend on the level of the clinic and the method of performing the procedure. Modern devices and a high level of safety have made the operation accessible and simple.

Indications

Vision correction is performed for the following diseases:

• farsightedness;
• myopia;
• astigmatism;
• presbyopia.

Types of correction

Modern installations make it possible to correct almost all degrees and types of visual impairment. Today in medical practice the following methods of correction are used.
Photorefractive keratectomy is a non-contact excimer laser treatment of the shallow layers of the cornea, without affecting other structures of the eye.
Laser keratomileusis - during the procedure, a flap of the cornea is formed, which can be folded back. After which the cornea is evaporated with a laser and made more convex or flatter, depending on the disease. The flap is then returned to its place.
The FLEx method uses only a femtosecond laser, which makes the operation safer and more effective.
Femtolasik - the effect on the cornea is more gentle than with the simple Lasik method, this allows operations to be performed on those patients who were previously refused due to contraindications: a high degree of myopia or a thin cornea.

How does the correction happen?

The procedure takes place under local anesthesia, and the laser process lasts only a few seconds. The patient does not experience any pain during the operation. It is important to just lie down and look at the red dot, trying not to look away. A couple of hours after the procedure you will be able to go home.
For the first few weeks, it is advisable to limit visual stress, not sleep on the side of the operated eye, avoid getting water and soap in the eye, and use sunglasses.

Hello. I thought about the correction for a long time, and when I was already determined, I found an advertisement and went for the correction with an all-inclusive promotion. The operation was done on Saturday morning, and now everything is fully visible, I am writing a review at work. The procedure itself is almost painless, it went quickly . I didn’t worry at all and the results were excellent. I see everything) It’s unusual to look so good yet) There is no discomfort, I drop a drop and don’t get into my eyes) Kl

Inika is good, clean, beautiful, the staff is pleasant and attentive. I recommend taking a closer look.

Now the time has come to sum up some intermediate results of laser correction using the Femto Super LASIK method. A month has passed since the operation, this week I have already returned to training (karate, gym). The operation itself went very quickly and without much worry, the recovery period is a more interesting and difficult moment, but, as it turns out, many problems are more likely due to excessive worry. At first the eye on which

Valeria Lust

Thank you with a capital "S"! Morozova Larisa Alexandrovna is an excellent doctor! I didn’t have a second of doubt that everything would be fine. The result is perfect vision. Nothing hurt and nothing hurts.

There was significant astigmatism, I got used to the new vision and the acuity ranged from 0.7 to 1.0. A unit was regularly observed on the right. At the control after a month, both eyes were 1.0, two eyes were 1.2! One of the possible consequences that I was worried about in absentia before the operation was dry eye syndrome. I sit at the computer for days, and it was a big risk to get (and possibly for a long time) great discomfort when working at the computer. But, to my surprise, working at the computer has become much more comfortable, I don’t even use moisturizing drops. I attribute this to the fact that my eyes began to look calmly, without tension; at the end of the working day, wearing glasses, my eyes were constantly itching terribly, but now I completely forgot about it, which really surprised me, I was hoping at least for what it was like before the operation. And for all this, as well as for the great attention and high-quality approach to my work, I want to thank the entire team of the 3Z clinic, and, of course, personally the doctor Otkhozoriya Damiri Dzhemalievich!!! I have never seen so clearly (neither with glasses nor contacts) and it has never been so calm for my eyes! THANK YOU! You don’t even have to remember about the glasses in the photo =)