Treatment of urogenital infections in women in modern conditions. Urogenital infections (UGI) Urogenital infection treatment

Urogenital infections are widespread throughout the world, but females are more susceptible to this group of diseases due to the structural features of the genital organs. This article provides the main types of the above infectious diseases, as well as traditional and folk methods of treating them.

Types of infections and their symptoms

There are many types of urogenital diseases. Below is a list of the most common such infectious diseases:

Diagnostics

As a rule, if you have symptoms characteristic of the above diseases, you should first contact a gynecologist (women) or urologist (men). Next, the specialist will refer you for tests (bacterial culture, enzyme immunoassay, PCR) to confirm an accurate diagnosis and exclude other ailments.

Since urogenital infectious diseases often affect not only the genitourinary system, but also other organs, several doctors should be involved in diagnosing and treating the above diseases, depending on the location of the infection:

• dermatovenerologist;
• urologist;
• gynecologist;
• gastroenterologist;
• infectious disease specialist;
• rheumatologist.

Traditional treatment of urogenital infection

After making a diagnosis, the specialist prescribes treatment for the corresponding disease. In most cases, antibiotics are taken.

At mycoplasmosis"Erythromycin", "Tobramycin" and "Vibramycin" are prescribed; in addition, the attending physician may prescribe various suppositories, ointments or baths to relieve the inflammatory process. To restore the microflora, “Bifidumbacterin” and “Acilact” are used. Treatment for this disease is quite long, and a repeated course of taking the above medications may also be required.

For treatment chlamydia And ureaplasmosis Experts prescribe Azithromycin and Doxycycline. When treating chlamydia, you may additionally need drugs that stimulate the immune system. Treatment takes on average about 14 days.

Trichomoniasis And bacterial vaginosis treated with Metronidazole, Tinidazole, Ornidazole. Women with trichomoniasis are prescribed Macmiror suppositories. To prevent the development of infection in the urinary tract, Nevigramon is prescribed. For vaginosis, specialists can add Neo-Penotran, Metrogyl suppositories and a course of vitamins for treatment. Treatment of these infections also takes an average of 10-14 days.

For treatment papilloma virus local treatment is prescribed (Kondilin, Bonafton ointment, Aldara cream) and drugs that stimulate the immune system (Likopid, Interferon). Radiofrequency coagulation is often used to remove tumors.

At candidiasis Immunostimulants are also prescribed. For treatment, “Ketodine” (women) and “Clotrimazole” (men) are used.

When treating urogenital infectious diseases, you should completely avoid drinking alcoholic beverages.

Treatment with folk remedies

To treat urogenital infectious diseases, you can additionally use various natural remedies:

• Infusion of medicinal herbs for trichomoniasis. Mix equal amounts of shepherd's grass, bird's knotweed, mistletoe and arnica to make 1 tablespoon of the mixture. The future broth is poured with a glass of boiling water and left for 15 minutes. You should take half a glass 2 times a day for 14 days.
• Alcohol tincture of black poplar for chlamydia. 1 tablespoon of the buds of this plant is filled with 150 mg of alcohol or vodka. This medicine should be infused for 20 days. Take half a teaspoon with food twice a day.
• Douching for candidiasis. For this disease, oak bark is used for the above procedure. This mixture is poured with a glass of water and kept on low heat for 10-15 minutes. Next, the product is filtered and used for douching.
• In case of cytomegalovirus, to relieve the inflammatory process, apply to the affected areas aloe or kalanchoe juice, also used bay oil.

All the above recipes are provided for informational purposes only. Before use, you should consult with your doctor, because “grandmother’s” remedies will bring positive results as an auxiliary treatment only with an integrated approach.

Complications and consequences of urogenital infections

Mycoplasmosis without timely treatment, it can lead to infertility, and during pregnancy, this disease can lead to various complications and miscarriage. The risk of contracting the fetus with the above infection also increases significantly.

To complications ureaplasmosis include a decrease in sperm activity in men and a disturbance in the maturation of eggs in women, and as a result, infertility. During pregnancy, women may encounter the following complications:

• premature birth;
• intrauterine infection;
• neuralgic disorders and respiratory tract diseases in newborns with ureaplasmosis.

If treatment is not started on time trichomoniasis, then in men against the background of this disease prostatitis can develop, and in women – infertility. Pregnant women with this disease may experience premature birth and even fetal death. Also, trichomoniasis in some cases leads to cancer.

Chlamydia can lead to urethritis and prostatitis in men, and in women, this disease in some cases causes inflammation of the internal genital organs. During pregnancy and lack of timely treatment, the above disease leads to serious complications in the development of the fetus.

Lack of timely treatment of the acute form cytomegalovirus can lead to various serious damage to internal organs. Also, the presence of this disease is a factor that significantly increases the risk of developing cancer. During pregnancy, cytomegalovirus leads to various disorders in the development of the child.

Bacterial vaginosis in most cases, it causes various complications and consequences only in women (inflammatory processes of the pelvic organs, bartholinitis, infertility); in rare cases, men can develop prostatitis.

papilloma virus is not only a problem that brings aesthetic discomfort. In the absence of timely treatment, papillomas can become malignant.

If you are found candidiasis, the consequences include various inflammatory processes in the organs of the genitourinary system in men, problems with fetal development and a decrease in the ability to become pregnant in women.

Prevention

To prevent urogenital infectious diseases, you should first of all avoid unprotected sexual intercourse, undergo scheduled examinations with a gynecologist and urologist in a timely manner, and also maintain personal hygiene. Preferably

Sexually transmitted infections pose the greatest danger, since in rare cases a person can independently recognize them. That is why the issue of timely testing and diagnosis of urogenital infections becomes relevant.

Before moving on to the main infections, it is worth saying that the concept of sexually transmitted diseases and urogenital infections are practically the same thing.

So, there are three ways to find out if you have some kind of infection:

1. This is a bacteriological culture, or as it is more simply called bacterial culture. It is usually taken from a smear, stool, blood, etc.
2. Linked immunosorbent assay. This is a more accurate analysis compared to bacteriological culture, as it allows you to detect infection at various stages, be it the incubation period, prodromal and others.
3. Polymerase chain reaction. This is the most accurate method for determining the type of infection and its presence. Urogenital infections are detected by PCR in just a few days.

Why should timely diagnosis of urogenital infections be carried out? Health comes first. All people should be guided by this motto, because sexual contact can be excellent, but then not very pleasant.

So, you need to regularly take tests for the presence of urogenital infections because:

• They very easily pass into the chronic stage, without manifesting themselves in any way.
• They can cause a number of diseases associated with the genitourinary system. For example, cystitis, salpingitis, etc.
• Adhesions may begin to form.
• In most cases, advanced disease has to be treated for a very long time, and this affects sex life.
• Some infections can lead to cancer.
• If you start an infection, it can easily spread to other vital organs.

In addition, treating urogenital infections is not easy. In most cases, you have to resort to antibiotics, which in itself is not beneficial for the body, as there are a number of side effects.

If all tests are completed in a timely manner, it is possible to identify at the initial stage of development such dangerous UGIs as:

• Trichomonas. This infection leads to male infertility. And the most important thing is that in men, if we compare them with women, the presence of this infection is asymptomatic. That is why a man may simply not know that he is a carrier of Trichomonas.
• Chlamydia. The most common sexually transmitted infection, which is practically asymptomatic, thereby causing enormous harm to the body
• Gonorrhea. The damage caused by this infection is colossal, but its main difference from the above infections is that within a few days after contact with an infected person, the first symptoms will appear.
• Mycoplasma. It can influence the development of inflammatory diseases such as prostatitis, vaginitis, etc.
• Herpes. This is a real problem in the modern world, as every day more and more people are exposed to this infection
• Papilloma.

It is recommended to take tests for the presence of urogenital infections in several cases:

1. If you had unprotected sexual intercourse, and at the same time you changed partners
2. If a drug was administered intravenously
3. If you have recently had a blood transfusion

Getting tested on time means feeling responsible to yourself and your body, since treating infections at the initial stage is much easier than when it has become chronic. And knowing whether you are a carrier is also important.

Urogenital infections is a series of diseases grouped according to the type of transmission of infection. In some cases, the causative agent of the disease can be transmitted through household contact (for example, chlamydia) or through infection from the mother during childbirth, or through blood transfusion. But the overall proportion of diseases with this route of transmission is extremely small. The overwhelming number of patients become infected through sexual contact, as well as through oral and anal sex. That is why sexually transmitted infections - STIs - were identified as a separate category.

What diseases can be classified as urogenital infections?

The list of this type of disease will be as follows:

HPV – human papillomavirus

Currently one of the most common infections. Its main manifestation is the appearance of genital warts on the skin of the external genitalia, groin and anus. They look like ordinary small flesh-colored warts. As a rule, they are not particularly painful.

Chlamydia

Chlamydial infections are caused by several types of pathogen. The incubation period of the disease lasts about 1-3 weeks. But clear symptoms most often do not appear after its completion. Therefore, it is extremely difficult to diagnose an infection based only on the symptomatic picture.

Mycoplasmosis

This is an acute infectious disease caused by mycoplasma. It can be caused by 4 types of microorganisms and is dangerous primarily due to the occurrence of serious complications.

Herpes simplex

The virus that causes herpes infection is one of the most common. There are 2 types of this disease: first and second. They differ in the nature of infection. In the first case, the pathogen is transmitted from the mother during childbirth, in the second (the most common) the pathogen is transmitted through sexual contact.

Trichomoniasis

Caused by vaginal trichomonas, pronounced clinical manifestations in women are most common.

Bacterial vaginosis

Caused by polymicrobial microflora, it occurs without significant inflammation of the vaginal mucosa.

Symptoms to look out for

The symptoms of different urogenital infections differ from each other.

• The presence of HPV can be determined by visible growths on the skin, similar to warts. If irritated, they may cause itching or minor bleeding.

• Visible clinical signs of chlamydial infections include itching and discomfort when urinating. Common symptoms include weakness and a slight increase in body temperature.

• Indirect symptoms of mycoplasmosis can be considered a burning sensation during urination and pain in the lower abdomen, especially intensifying after sexual intercourse.

• The urogenital herpes virus manifests itself as a wave of rashes in the groin, labia and anus. These blisters appear causing pain when moving and swelling. Local and general body temperature increases. After a few days, the blisters burst, forming ulcers that gradually heal.

• Symptoms of trichomoniasis are most pronounced. This is a yellow or greenish vaginal discharge, often foamy, with a strong, unpleasant odor. All this is accompanied by severe itching in the vaginal area.

• Bacterial vaginosis cannot be confused with other infections due to prolonged and heavy discharge. A whitish or cheesy content with an unpleasant odor comes out of the vagina.

Diagnosis of urogenital infections

In addition to the visible symptoms of the disease, an accurate diagnosis of any infectious urogenital disease consists of examination and passing the necessary tests. In order to identify the pathogen, smears are taken from the woman, then the specific microorganism that caused the infection is identified using cultivation. Additional diagnostic methods are also used. With the cytological method, cells are stained with special preparations to isolate sensitive cells. Using the PCR method, the presence of viral or bacterial DNA in tissues is determined. Only with high-quality diagnostic methods in a clinic with modern equipment can you accurately determine the diagnosis, and therefore carry out appropriate treatment for the disease.

Consequences of lack of treatment

All urogenital infections, if left untreated, are dangerous for a woman’s body with many complications. It is known for certain that HPV can be a provocateur of cervical tumors of an oncological nature. Trichomoniasis can affect the course of pregnancy, often causing early labor with fetal death. Latent mycoplasma infection leads to vaginitis and endometritis. All of these diseases cause changes or inflammation in a woman’s reproductive system, which can result in infertility.

Treatment of urogenital infections

Only a gynecologist should treat this group of diseases. Under no circumstances should you resort to self-medication methods, because... Such measures can only aggravate the disease.

The method of treating all these infections is the use of antibacterial drugs. And only a competent specialist is able to determine the principles of rational antibiotic therapy in each specific case, for each specific infection. For a complete cure, it is very important to choose the right type of medication, method of administration and course duration.

Treatment of pregnant women differs from the rest of the category of women in that special drugs from the macrolide group are selected. The doctor also determines what local procedures need to be carried out: washing, douching, putting tampons, using suppositories.

For any manifestation of a urogenital infection, the presence of discharge, pain, or the appearance of condylomas, a woman should definitely consult a gynecologist in order not only to cure, but also to prevent the consequences!

Urogenital infections in chronic form are found in various sources under the abbreviation HUGI. The causative agents of infection are viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protozoa. The most common method of transmission of infection is sexual. The diseases are united under a common name because they have tropism, that is, a predisposition to primarily affect the urinary organs of men and women. There are a lot of pathogens and their types, and at the same time diseases related to CGI. In half of the cases, CIGI is asymptomatic. Women are more likely to be carriers of these infections. From an acute form, urogenital infections pass into a chronic form with improper treatment or its complete absence. The most common complication of urogenital diseases is infertility, both female and male. Common diseases include: chlamydia, ureaplasma, mycoplasma, etc.

Chlamydia

It is important to remember that chlamydia and infertility often accompany each other. Symptoms of the disease do not have specific signs. These include: itching and burning during urination, as well as the external genitalia; serous, not profuse discharge; with damage to the uterus, mucous-purulent discharge; menstrual irregularities with malaise, pain in the abdomen and lower back, etc.

Very often, chlamydia occurs in combination with other urogenital infections that have a similar clinical picture. In order to determine chlamydia, a smear is taken from the vagina and urethra, and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent test is also performed on blood, etc.

Ureaplasma

A tiny bacterium that is transmitted through sexual contact and causes the disease ureaplasmosis. Ureaplasma is a conditionally pathogenic microorganism. This means that the disease does not occur in every person whose body has urealasma. Certain conditions are necessary, for example, long-term chronic diseases, primarily of the genitourinary system, as well as decreased immunity.

Ureaplasma, under favorable conditions for its development, causes the following diseases: cystitis, urethritis, salpingitis. In men, ureaplasmosis manifests itself as cystitis, urethritis, and prostatitis. In addition, ureaplasma causes infertility, and is also the cause of miscarriages and premature births. With a weakened immune system, the disease manifests itself as inflammation of the organs where ureaplasma is present. This means that after oral sex with a pathogen carrier, respiratory diseases (sore throat, tonsillitis, etc.) are possible.

After suffering inflammation, ureaplasma attaches to the cell wall and “awaits” the next case of weakened immunity. In women, the disease is often asymptomatic. Ureaplasma is determined using a polymerase chain reaction, as well as in a smear from the urethra.

Mycoplasmosis

A disease caused by mycoplasma. Mycoplasma itself is very similar in structure, as well as in clinical manifestations, to diseases of the genitourinary system, the causative agent of which is ureaplasma.

Mycoplasma is believed to be the causative agent of pneumonia and other respiratory diseases. According to statistics, 10% of relatively healthy women who do not complain about diseases of the genitourinary system have mycoplasma in their bodies. In addition, mycoplasma is very common in married couples who have been diagnosed with infertility.

Mycoplasma activates its activity during pregnancy, that is, during the period of immune suppression. This is manifested by frequent cystitis, vaginitis, metritis, etc. The most common way in which mycoplasma is transmitted is sexually. Transmission of the pathogen is also possible through oral sex, kissing, and from mother to child. Due to the fact that mycoplasmosis does not have specific symptoms, it is classified as a “hidden infection”. In addition to the fact that mycoplasmosis affects the genitourinary system and causes infertility, it can cause meningitis, arthritis, conjunctivitis, etc. Mycoplasma is detected in smears, as well as using a PCR reaction, only 20 days after possible infection.

General principles for successful treatment of CIGI:

• Timely start;
• A comprehensive (antibiotics, vitamins, immunostimulants, etc.) and competent approach to prevent complications, including infertility;
• Simultaneous treatment of sexual partners;
• Following a diet during treatment that excludes spicy, fatty, and alcoholic foods;
• Carrying out timely diagnostics, including control after a course of treatment.

Prevention of CIGI is closely related to the exclusion of promiscuity, as well as timely consultation with a doctor when the first signs of diseases of the genitourinary system appear.

Urogenital infections have many types, each of which poses a health hazard. Every person needs to be regularly tested for infections to avoid complications.

There are a large number of diseases of the genitourinary system, which subsequently cause complications and affect many organs in both men and women. These infections are not harmless by analogy with those associated with sexual intercourse. And their consequences are equally grave. A distinctive feature of genitourinary disorders is a long period of asymptomatic progression. Urogenital infections can be quickly treated only if you consult a doctor in a timely manner.

Urogenital pathogens are microorganisms from different areas of the genitourinary system. Diseases can be caused, for example, by staphylococci, enterococci, E. coli, enterobacteria, myco- and ureaplasmas.

The most insidious are urogenital diseases that are asymptomatic:

• cytomegalovirus;
• genital herpes;
• trichomoniasis;
• chlamydia;
• mycoplasmosis;
• human papillomavirus;
• bacterial vaginosis (gardnerellosis).

Cytomegalovirus

Cytomegalovirus lives in an opportunistic form in half of school-age children and ¾ of the adult population. It is detected only in 30% of cases. It is transmitted by airborne droplets or by kissing (the presence of the virus in saliva has been confirmed). The disease in adults occurs in a chronic form.

A pregnant woman faces complications and miscarriage. Transmission to the fetus is also possible at the time of delivery. The child's cells in the central nervous system and genitals are affected.

Herpetic infection

Genital herpes ranks third in the world in affecting the population. It is transmitted only during sexual intercourse with virus carriers. The causative agents are 2 serotypes of herpes – HSV-1 and HSV-2. The nature of the disease is chronic with periodic exacerbations and short periods of remission. Poisoning the body with toxins and suppressing the immune system is dangerous.

Symptoms are characterized by itching and burning of the external genitalia, the appearance of vesicles that burst and become ulcers. Women may experience miscarriages and infertility, while men may experience impotence.

Trichomoniasis

Occurs in women and men in a ratio of 6/4. The causative agent of Trichomonas is transmitted through sexual and household routes. Common among people aged 16 to 32 years. The incubation period is from 48 hours to 3 weeks. It occurs mainly chronically.

In men, the disease manifests itself earlier, with characteristic pain when urinating. In women - profuse foamy leucorrhoea, itching, burning. With Trichomonas colpitis, erosion of the cervix occurs. If neglected, it can cause infertility, fetal death or premature birth. In men, trichomoniasis is often asymptomatic. However, cases of inflammation of the urethra, prostate, seminal vesicles, and testicles have been recorded. Infertility may occur.

The cause of sexually transmitted infections is promiscuous relationships.

People become infected through household means when visiting public places - baths, saunas. Only tests for urogenital infections can identify the pathogen.

Infection with chlamydia occurs through the oral-fecal route, through food, and when sanitary and hygienic standards are not observed in medical institutions. The disease is also transmitted to humans from animals.

Chlamydia

(Chlamydia trachomatis) can develop on any mucous membrane covered with columnar epithelium. The incubation period of the disease is 10-14 days. The course of the disease without specific symptoms, often in a latent form.

For women, mucous and purulent discharge from the urethra and cervical canal is typical. The pathogen causes infertility, miscarriages and premature births. Can be transmitted to the fetus, causing:

• conjunctivitis;
• pneumonia;
• disorders in the genitourinary system.

In men, the location of the disease is the urethral mucosa. The pathogen provokes lesions in the form of urethritis, epididymitis, prostatitis, proctitis. Detected by tests for urogenital infections.

Mycoplasmosis

Mycoplasmosis has more than 10 types of myco- or ureaplasma. The disease is diagnosed only through laboratory tests, such as an in vitro test for urogenital infections. Men may suspect the disease by nagging pain in the groin. The development of diseases of the prostate and urinary canal is dangerous.

Women may experience itching and discharge, and sexual intercourse becomes painful. The uterus is affected by endometritis. There is a threat of infection of the membranes, premature rupture of water, and early miscarriage. pathologies for the fetus and infection during the birth process.

Human papillomavirus infection

The human papillomavirus (HPV) has more than 40 strains that cause anogenital lesions in both sexes. The disease can be transmitted through household contact through touch, but more often through sexual intercourse. The virus causes tissue proliferation in the form of nodular neoplasms (genital warts). More often they rise above the surface of the skin, but they can grow inside and be hidden. There is a danger of degeneration into oncology.

The formations are localized on the external genitalia and in the anus, and in women - on the cervix. Infection of the disease in newborns occurs from infected mothers.

Gardnerellosis

Bacterial vaginosis (gardnerellosis). About 1/5 of the female population of the planet is infected with the infection. The incubation period of the disease lasts from 72 hours to 1.5 weeks. During illness in women, the vaginal lactoflora is largely replaced by its polymicrobial associations of anaerobes and gardnerella. Abundant foamy white/gray discharge with an unpleasant “fishy” odor appears. They intensify after sexual intercourse and before the menstrual cycle. Possible itching, difficulty urinating, burning sensation during sexual intercourse. Infertility may develop as a complication of the disease. A sick mother often infects her child in utero.

Men are mainly carriers of bacteria and have chronic urogenital infections. But the development of diseases of the genitourinary system under favorable conditions for the pathogen is not excluded.

Diagnostics and proper preparation for testing

Only timely detection of the disease and early initiation of treatment can guarantee a positive result.

After a long period, the disease enters the chronic stage, and it becomes much more difficult to identify.

There are special Invitro laboratories where you can do a full examination. To accurately diagnose infections and identify urogenital pathogens, the following measures are taken:

• complete clinical examination of the patient;
• taking biomaterial for colposcopy, biopsy, cytology, histology;
• carrying out tests for polymerase chain reaction (PCR), for antigens (ELISA);
• use of the serological method, the method of genetic probes, activated particles.

Before collecting test samples, you must strictly follow the preparation rules:

• general blood test – before 11 am;
• 12 hours in advance it is not advisable to consume food or alcohol;
• the use of medicines is not allowed;
• physical activity is excluded for 24 hours;
• Do not smoke for several hours.

There are a number of tests, the conditions for which are strictly regulated and therefore negotiated with the patient individually.

Treatment of urogenital infections

It is difficult to treat the genitourinary system due to the fact that many infected people are embarrassed to see a doctor. As a result of their indifference to their own health, the disease progresses and disrupts the functioning of many internal organs, exacerbating a large number of concomitant diseases.

Attempts to independently treat diseases are pointless. This can only be done by a doctor and only after an accurate diagnosis has been established, since various urogenital infections cause similar symptoms. The treatment is carried out in a course, preferably for both partners at the same time.

In addition to taking medications, be sure to:

• strict adherence to diet;
• complete abstinence from drinking alcoholic beverages;
• exclusion of sexual intercourse until treatment.

For effective treatment, depending on the type of pathogen, the following are used: azithromycin, ceftriaxone, cefixime, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, kanamycin and other agents.

Drug therapy may include drugs prescribed not only by an infectious disease specialist, but also by other doctors if the results of laboratory testing showed serious abnormalities in neighboring organs/systems.