How to eat after bowel surgery. What can you eat after bowel surgery: general rules. Diet after surgery for intestinal adhesions

Diseases of the intestines and stomach are very dangerous. If the patient does not follow medical recommendations, does not adhere to a healthy lifestyle, does not carry out mandatory prevention of exacerbations, complications arise, which often end in surgical intervention. The rehabilitation period involves a number of comprehensive measures to restore the body.

The main direction is therapeutic nutrition, on which the speed of recovery and the further work of the gastrointestinal tract depend. Therefore, it is so important for the patient himself, and his family and friends, to know what the diet after intestinal surgery is and how to follow it correctly.

Diet after bowel surgery: indications

This nutrition system is effective if surgery was performed as a result of diseases such as:

• perforated duodenal ulcer;
• acute intestinal obstruction;
• intestinal bleeding;
• polyps and benign tumors (lipomas, leiomyomas, adenomas, fibromas, hemangiomas, neurofibromas) of the small intestine;
• malignant tumors;
• Crohn's disease affecting the intestinal walls;
• diverticula of the small intestine.

If the disease is advanced and aggravated, the doctor decides on the operation. In this case, certain sections of the large or small intestine of different lengths can be removed. Immediately after this, the patient is put on a fairly strict, therapeutic diet after an operation on the intestines. At the same time, the doctor observes the patient's condition and can adjust the menu depending on his chair, the complexity of the operation performed, the size of the removed areas. Sometimes in the early days food is given through a vein , and only then, when the patient's condition stabilizes, he is transferred to a therapeutic diet. If the rehabilitation period is normal, the patient is discharged home, where he must continue the diet on his own . Therefore, it is so important to know about the basic principles of this power system.

Basic principles of the postoperative diet

After such operations, patients suffer from characteristic pain, bloating and stool disorders. Therefore, the purpose of this diet is to alleviate their condition as much as possible. To do this, the diet is compiled in such a way that the stomach can digest foods well, quickly, easily and painlessly. The main principle of nutrition is that the stool eventually returns to normal and is neither liquid nor solid. Therefore, there are two lists that define the range of those products that can be consumed after surgery and which should not be included in your diet under any pretext.

Approved Products

The products allowed within the framework of this diet suggest a moderate mechanical, chemical and thermal effect on the operated intestine while maintaining proper nutrition, a decrease in postoperative negative phenomena, and the normalization of all functions of the affected organ. This list includes:

• blueberry;
• bran;
• coarse grains;
• vegetables and fruits (however, in raw form, their amount should be limited for diarrhea);
• skim cheese;
• low-fat varieties of cheese;
• crackers;
• dietary cereals from oats, wheat, rice;
• flax seeds;
• potato;
• vegetable juices;
• weakly mineralized water;
• black fruit tea.

However, you need to know about the correct heat treatment of even permitted products so as not to harm the intestines. A number of food components are left out of the diet.

Prohibited Products

Diet after surgery on the intestine excludes from the diet:

• acidic varieties of fruits (especially citrus and kiwi), berries;
• White cabbage;
• pickles, smoked meats, marinades;
• spicy dishes;
• canned food;
• sausages;
• ice cream;
• chocolate;
• soups on meat, mushroom, fish broths;
• borscht, cabbage soup;
• cold, carbonated drinks;
• alcohol;
• pastry products;
• wheat bran;
• nuts;
• tomatoes;
• mushrooms;
• asparagus;
• legumes.

These products should not be consumed by the operated patient for a sufficiently long time: such a strict diet must be maintained within three weeks after surgery . In addition, in order to prevent dehydration of the body (especially with liquid secretions), it is recommended to drink at least three liters of fluid per day.

Stages of the postoperative diet

The therapeutic diet after intestinal surgery involves a gradual restoration of the activity of the gastrointestinal tract. Accordingly, both the products and the way they are processed will be different.

• I stage

In the first 2-3 days, eight meals a day are supposed (no more than 300 grams per meal). Meals should be liquid or jelly-like. Their temperature should not exceed 45°C. Salt should be limited to 1 gram per day.

• II stage

With good food tolerance and normalization of the patient's condition, the patient is transferred to the following diet: for another 2-4 days, you need to eat six times a day (the dosage of a serving should not be more than 400 g per meal). Dishes should be in a liquid, mashed state. Their temperature, as before, is no more than 45 ° C. Salt restriction - up to 5 grams per day.

• Stage III

Already a more advanced version of the diet, allowing fractional, five meals a day. Its basis should be mashed dishes cooked in water, fish, meat or vegetable broth or steamed. Something can even be baked, but without a crust. Very cold and hot temperature regimes of dishes are excluded.

Sample menu for the week

Specialists have compiled an approximate menu for a week for a therapeutic diet after an operation on the intestines, so that patients do not forget to adhere to it even when leaving the hospital. The dosage of servings is also approximate, indicated in brackets in grams. Days correspond to certain recovery stages. However, depending on the patient's condition, these stages can be extended or shortened.

At the same time, do not forget about the drinking regimen, which on the 5-6th day after the operation involves 2.5-3 liters of fluid per day.

Day one (stage I)

1. Breakfast number 1:

• tea (100) with sugar (10);
• liquid apple compote (100).

2. Breakfast number 2:

• apple compote (180).

3. Breakfast number 3:

• weak meat broth (200).

• fruit jelly (150);
• rosehip decoction (150).

5. Afternoon snack:

• tea (200) with sugar (15).

6. Dinner #1:

• rice water (180);
• fruit jelly (150).

7. Dinner #2:

• rosehip decoction (180).

8. For the night:

• apple compote (180).

Day two (stage I)

1. Breakfast number 1:

• tea (100) with sugar (10);
• fruit compote (100).

2. Breakfast number 2:

• fruit compote (180).

3. Breakfast number 3:

• meat broth (200) with butter (10);

• fruit jelly (150);
• rosehip decoction (150).

5. Afternoon snack:

• tea (200) with sugar (15) and lemon (slice).

6. Dinner #1:

• rice water (180) with butter (10);
• fruit jelly (150).

7. Dinner #2:

• rosehip decoction (180).

8. For the night:

• fruit compote (180).

Day three (stage II)

1. Breakfast number 1:

• pureed, liquid buckwheat on water (200);
• tea (100) with lemon (slice).

2. Breakfast number 2:

• low-fat cream (100);
• rosehip decoction (100).

• meat broth with semolina (200);
• steamed meat soufflé (50);
• compote (100).

4. Afternoon snack:

• soft-boiled egg;
• fruit jelly (150);
• rosehip decoction (10).

• steamed fish soufflé (50);
• pureed liquid oatmeal in meat broth (200);
• tea (100) with lemon (slice).

6. At night:

• fruit jelly (150);
• rosehip decoction (100).

Day four (stage II)

1. Breakfast number 1:

• grated, liquid buckwheat on water (200) with milk (50) and butter (5);
• steamed protein omelet (from a couple of eggs);

2. Breakfast number 2:

• cream (100);

• meat broth with semolina (200);
• steamed meat soufflé (50);
• compote (100).

4. Afternoon snack:

• soft-boiled egg;
• fruit jelly (150);
• rosehip broth (100) with sugar (10).

• steamed fish soufflé (50);
• pureed liquid oatmeal in meat broth (200) with butter (5);
• tea (100) with lemon (slice) and sugar (10).

6. At night:

• fruit jelly (150);
• rosehip broth (100) with sugar (10).

Day Five (Stage III)

1. Breakfast number 1:

• egg (preferably soft-boiled);
• rice porridge on water (200) with milk (50);
• tea (100) with sugar (10).

2. Breakfast number 2:

• baked apple (100) with sugar (10);
• soy jelly (150).

• oatmeal soup with meat broth (300);
• steamed meatballs (50);
• carrot puree (100);
• fruit mousse (100).

4. Afternoon snack:

• steamed omelet from a pair of proteins;
• rosehip broth (200) with sugar (10);
• crackers (50).

• boiled fish with sour cream sauce (200);
• mashed potatoes (100);
• tea (200) with cream (10) and sugar (10).

Day six (stage III)

1. Breakfast number 1:

• egg (preferably soft-boiled);
• buckwheat porridge (200);
• grated cheese (50);
• tea (200) with cream (10).

2. Breakfast number 2:

• fresh cottage cheese (100) with sour cream (50);
• wheat crackers (50);
• rosehip broth (200) with jam (20).

• soaked herring (50);
• potato and vermicelli soup with meat broth (300);
• boiled meat (100) with boiled vegetables - cauliflower, carrots, potatoes (100);
• dried fruit compote (200).

4. Afternoon snack:

• liver pate (50);
• decoction of wheat bran (100);
• dry biscuits (50).

• boiled tongue (75);
• boiled fish (100) with milk and vegetable sauce (50);
• carrot-apple roll (100);
• cheesecake;
• tea (200) with lemon (slice)

Day seven (stage III)

1. Breakfast number 1:

• grated buckwheat without sugar (100);
• steamed protein omelette (100);
• black tea with milk (200).

2. Breakfast number 2:

• steamed meatballs (50);
• baked apple (100).

• pureed soup with barley and carrots (300);
• steamed meatballs (50);
• carrot puree (100);
• dried fruit compote (200).

4. Afternoon snack:

• cottage cheese pudding (150).

• boiled fish (100);
• mashed potatoes (200);
• steamed meatloaf (100);
• black tea (200).

The gradual transition from one stage of the diet to another ensures a daily reduction in food products that are maximally thermally and mechanically processed. Good tolerance of the next "new" dish in the diet is evidence of the normalization of bowel functions and the possibility of continuing to expand the diet. However, you should be extremely careful when following this diet so as not to harm your health.

Contraindications and side effects

Since the diet is very strict and positively affects the work of any gastrointestinal tract, it has no contraindications. However, you should not sit on pureed and mashed food for a long time if the examinations and the condition itself show the normalization of the functions of the operated intestine.

If you jump immediately from stage I of the diet to stage II, not only side effects can occur, but also quite serious complications that require another course of treatment:

• pain in the stomach and intestines;
• bloating;
• diarrhea;
• fainting;
• vomit;
• exhaustion;
• nausea;
• avitaminosis.

Any side effects of the diet, if it is not followed correctly, are eliminated by medication and a return to the early stages of postoperative nutrition.

Diet results after bowel surgery

Therapeutic diet as a result:

• restores the basic functions of the intestine;
• improves digestion of food;
• normalizes stool;
• stabilizes the general condition of the operated person;
• relieves pain and swelling.

With proper observance and the normal condition of the patient, such a diet accelerate the recovery and return of the patient to the usual way of life .

Three stages of the diet

Indications for surgical intervention on the intestines:

• Oncological diseases (if part of the rectum is removed, the patient has to use a colostomy bag).
• Injured intestine.
• Ischemia.
• Injuries.
• Hemorrhoids, fissures in the large or small intestine.
• Acute inflammation.
• Diverticula (protrusion of the intestine).
• Paraproctitis, etc.

Most diseases are caused by human error. For example, diverticula are extremely rarely congenital, it is an acquired disease due to difficult working conditions or malnutrition. It goes without saying that nutrition after bowel surgery will change, because your main task is to restore lost functions as soon as possible. Conventionally, the diet can be divided into three stages:

Stage 1. The postoperative period of rehabilitation lasts more than one month, but the first three days are the most important. During this time, doctors recommend parenteral nutrition. If the body takes food well, you can gradually give liquid and jelly-like meals. No more than 120 g at a time. You need to eat 7-8 times a day.

Stage 2. Lasts from 4 to 7 days, a similar diet is observed before the operation. The menu can include soufflés from chopped lean meat and fish, pureed cereals, low-fat cream. The number of meals is reduced to 6. Be careful with fermented milk products, they can give unwanted side effects (constipation or diarrhea). For 1 time to consume no more than 200 g of food. If the patient has pain, discomfort, problems with the stool, you need to return to the previous stage.

Stage 3. Lasts from 7 to 35-40 days. After a month, part of the bowel function is already restored, and a person may begin to neglect the recommendations of doctors. This can not be done, because the seams may open or the work of the gastrointestinal tract may be disrupted. The number of meals can be reduced to 5, consume 250-300g at a time. We still give preference to liquid and pureed dishes. Mandatory condition: watch the stool, the act of defecation should be easy and regular.

General information about the diet

Rules for a successful diet:

• The operational and postoperative period implies the most sparing and easily digestible food.
• Dishes should be steamed or boiled, occasionally stewed, but not until crispy. Fried and smoked foods are completely excluded.
• Chop and grind foods thoroughly, do not burden the diseased intestines.
• Food should be fractional - 5-6 times a day.
• Do not allow long breaks in the work of the intestines: you need to eat regularly, at the same time - this way you will prevent unnecessary irritation and stretching of the walls.
• Although the menu is somewhat limited, it should be complete and nutritious.
• Try to use only natural products without chemical additives.
• When introducing new foods, watch the reactions of your body. If intestinal functions are normal, the product may be included in the menu. Flatulence, constipation, diarrhea, nausea are signs that the intestines have not recovered yet, continue to follow a strict diet.
• Do not forget about the drinking regime - at least 2.5 liters of liquid. You can drink non-carbonated mineral water, herbal teas, rosehip decoctions, kissels, fruit drinks.
• After canceling pureed food, chew all ingredients thoroughly. Firstly, this is a lesser load on the gastrointestinal tract, and secondly, the primary processing of saliva enzymes occurs in the mouth, and the digestion process is accelerated.
• The body should receive at least 200 g of carbohydrates, 140 g of proteins, 60 g of fat per day. Calorie content - 2400-2800 kcal.
• You can’t starve, snacks should be frequent and healthy (vegetable purees, cottage cheese, mousses, compotes).
• Give up dry food, eating on the go and other bad eating habits.
• Watch the temperature regime of the dish: the best option is 50-55 degrees, for chilled products - 16 degrees.
• The diet after bowel surgery must be observed for at least 3 months.

Allowed products:

• Liquid soups (with cereals, boiled vermicelli, meat broth).
• Low-fat varieties of meat and fish (chicken, veal, turkey, hake, pangasius, pike, etc.).
• Kashi (rice, semolina, oatmeal).
• White bread croutons.
• Low-fat cottage cheese.
• Vegetable juices and fruit compotes.
• Low fat cheese.
• Salt up to 3 g per day, sugar - up to 5 g, butter - up to 10 g.

Gradually, you can introduce vegetables (zucchini, pumpkin, carrots), fruits (for the first time they make fruit drinks, jellies and compotes) into the diet. Dietary fermented milk products are allowed only if there is a favorable reaction of the body. You can drink kefir, yogurt, acidophilus milk.

• Spicy, salty, smoked dishes.
• Marinades and preserves.
• Purchased sauces, including mayonnaise.
• Sausages.
• Sweets and pastries.
• Ice cream.
• Some vegetables (cabbage, turnips, radishes, spinach, asparagus, legumes) and mushrooms.
• Grapes, citrus.
• Nuts.
• Fatty varieties of fish and meat.

Diseases of the digestive system are serious and often very dangerous. In the acute stage, there may be a threat to the life of the patient. In this case, he is shown immediate surgical intervention.

After the operation comes a difficult and even more responsible period - rehabilitation.

Rehabilitation includes a whole range of measures to restore the patient's body, and diet is at the head of this complex. Only unconditionally adhering to the diet and rules of nutrition, you can avoid a number of complications that can be caused by an operation on the intestines.

Basic principles and features of postoperative nutrition

Regardless of the reason for the operation on the intestines, after it, patients are haunted by pain, bloating and impaired stool. The diet is designed to minimize these symptoms and speed up the recovery process. Therefore, it is so important to follow the established diet.

Among all the nuances of such a diet, the main ones can be considered:

• The use of products that have undergone proper heat treatment (steaming, baking without oil).
• Frequent meals in small portions (5-6 times a day).
• Fluid intake up to 2-3 liters per day.
• Complete exclusion of prohibited products.

Prohibited foods should be discussed separately, because their use can aggravate unpleasant symptoms and worsen the condition of an already weakened intestine. Here are the products:

• all citrus fruits;
• sour varieties of berries and fruits;
• White cabbage;
• pickles, marinades;
• spicy dishes;
• canned food;
• sausages and smoked meats;
• ice cream and chocolate;
• meat, fish, mushroom broths and soups based on them;
• carbonated drinks;
• alcohol;
• pastry products;
• nuts;
• tomatoes;
• mushrooms;
• legumes.

The temperature of the food should also be controlled. Hot or too cold food is unacceptable during the rehabilitation period.

Diet after removal of a malignant tumor of the intestine

The cause of oncological processes in the intestines can be colitis or frequent constipation. Unfortunately, surgery for oncology is a necessary measure. Resection is the removal of the tumor along with the affected area.

Of course, the diet after such a surgical intervention has its own characteristics.

• Food should be crushed to a mushy state;
• The amount of liquid, including first courses, should be no more than 1.5 liters per day;
• The BJU ratio is 15/30/55%, respectively.

The menu of a person who has undergone surgery to remove an intestinal tumor should be as follows:

Intestinal obstruction is most often caused by tumor formations and polyps. And it is very difficult to establish the cause of their appearance. That is why the nutrition of such patients should be planned with great care and caution in order to eliminate the possible risk of relapse.

After such an operation, the following features should be considered:

Sample menu during the recovery period after the elimination of intestinal obstruction.

Diet after surgery to remove adhesions in the intestine

After surgery for adhesions on the intestine, the condition of the patient undergoing rehabilitation can be aggravated by the process of fermentation or stagnation of food in the intestine. To avoid this, you must adhere to a special diet.

A diet aimed at restoring bowel function after removal of adhesions has a number of features:

• Pureed soups and mucous porridges should become the basis of nutrition.
• The consistency of food should only be liquid
• Adequate drinking of purified water is required

So, here is a sample menu for those who have undergone this type of operation. Combinations of dishes may vary depending on taste preferences.

Menu of patients undergoing colon surgery

Any operation is, although necessary, but still an intervention in the work of internal organs. Colon surgery is no exception. Natural functions are disturbed: the process of fluid absorption decreases, the ability to assimilate many vitamins and minerals decreases.

Therefore, there is a specially designed diet that takes into account all of the above factors.

In addition, after carrying out such an operation, you must remember:

• On the first day after the resection of the colon, it is imperative to observe a hungry regime, even drinking water is excluded.
• In the future, the most sparing diet should be observed, including foods that do not provoke intestinal motility.

When a month has passed after the operation on the intestines and all the recommendations of the doctors were followed by the patient, it's time to gradually return to a normal, full-fledged diet. But do not forget that food should still remain healthy and healthy. That is, fried, smoked and very spicy foods still have to be abandoned, perhaps forever. After all, the intestines now work differently than it was before the operation.

Nutrition a month or more after surgery also has some rules that should be followed.

Compliance with these simple rules will speed up the rehabilitation process and bring the cherished recovery closer.

Useful tips for dietary nutrition during the rehabilitation period can be found in the following video:

An operation on the intestines and not only is a serious test for the whole organism as a whole. He must not only cope with the consequences of surgery, but also learn how to work differently. At this time, the body needs especially a lot of vitamins, nutrients and minerals. Diets allow you to get everything you need without irritating the operated intestine. Thus, therapeutic nutrition is the most important stage of the postoperative period and the basis for a speedy recovery.

In contact with

Often, with the development of intestinal diseases, one cannot do without surgical intervention. Immediately after the surgical procedures, there is no process of absorption of proteins, fats and carbohydrates. Because of this, in the first hours the patient is forbidden to eat anything, so nutrition is carried out directly through the vein. After some time, the patient is allowed to expand the diet. Based on individual characteristics, a diet is selected after intestinal surgery.

Intestinal surgery is performed when drug therapy does not have a positive effect.

Surgical procedures are required for:

• polyps;
• adhesive process in the small intestine;
• diverticulitis;
• shortening of the intestine;
• mesenteric thrombosis.

But the fact is noted that surgical manipulations of the small intestine are extremely rare, but the large intestine is treated much more often. Then surgical manipulations are indicated for appendicitis, diverticulosis, neoplasms, intestinal obstruction.

The first period after bowel surgery

This is the time when the patient underwent a bowel resection. In the first time after the procedure, he begins to come out of anesthesia. At this point, he is shown complete starvation. With the strongest bouts of thirst, lips can be moistened with warm water. The patient should not be deprived of nutrients. He will need them to maintain the body and instant recovery. Therefore, the patient is given droppers and injections.

On the second day after the removal of part of the intestine, doctors prescribe a therapeutic diet number 0a. Lasts at least 5 days. Diluted food is considered the basis of a proper diet. This will allow you to spare the operated intestine as much as possible. Also, the patient is allowed to drink rosehip-based infusion, non-concentrated broth and rice water. By 3-4 days, the manufacture of liquid and semi-liquid dishes from berries of non-acidic varieties is allowed. Compotes, jelly and jelly are used as drinks.

Nutrition after bowel surgery is based on the consumption of food in small portions. Their volume for 3-5 days does not exceed 50 g. At the same time, the frequency of administration is from 6 to 7 times a day.

Zero diet refers to low-calorie, which is why it does not fully meet the energy needs of the body. In order for the body to receive nutrients, the parietal administration of drugs continues.

Second period after bowel surgery

The fifth day is considered the beginning of the second stage of the diet. The menu after the operation on the intestines consists of the products of the first table. You will have to adhere to the rules for at least 1 week. The basis of the diet are dishes in a semi-liquid and mashed state. Food should be consumed 6 times a day. The serving volume is in the range of 100-200 g.

This type of nutrition is physiologically complete. The diet is high-calorie, so the body receives useful substances after surgical procedures.

The diet for bowel cancer and after resection consists of some products in the form of:

• liquefied grated cereals;
• cereal soups on vegetable broth;
• hateful meat broths;
• dishes based on eggs in steam and boiled form;
• low-fat meats and fish. Served as a soufflé or puree;
• compotes, jelly, jelly based on berries and dried fruits.

Dishes in a dense and solid form, dairy products with high fat content, carbonated drinks, grape and vegetable juices are considered prohibited.

Sample daily menu.

1. Morning: rice porridge, boiled egg, green tea.
2. Lunch: jelly from berries.
3. Day: oatmeal soup and chicken fillet.
4. Afternoon snack: fruit or berry jelly.
5. Evening: buckwheat, fish soufflé.

Third period after bowel surgery

Resection of the small intestine often ends in a favorable outcome. If there are no postoperative complications, then the patient is transferred to diet number 1. It relieves the burden on the intestines, but at the same time improves the functionality of the digestive tract. The duration of the diet is from 2 to 4 weeks. During this period, the patient is allowed to eat not only softened dishes, but boiled chicken and fish in pieces. The multiplicity of meals - from 5 to 6 times a day. The temperature of the dishes is in the range of 35-38 degrees.

Rehabilitation after resection of the small and large intestine involves the consumption of:

• dried bread, crackers, biscuits;
• soups on a weak broth. You can add cereals and vermicelli;
• low-fat varieties of meat and fish in boiled or steam form;
• dairy products with a low fat content;
• steam omelet and boiled eggs;
• cereals and vermicelli;
• some types of vegetable crops: potatoes, carrots, cauliflower, pumpkins, zucchini. They can only be eaten boiled or stewed, and they are ground before taking;
• sweetened berries and fruits in boiled and baked form;
• honey and natural jam in a small amount.

In cereals, vermicelli, vegetables, you can add butter and vegetable oil.

Prohibited are fatty meats and fish, mushrooms, rich broths, fresh bread and pastries, canned food, smoked meats, pickles, soda.

Sample daily menu.

1. Morning: steamed omelet, buckwheat porridge, green tea.
2. Lunch: baked apple with honey, berry compote.
3. Day: low-fat soup with chicken fillet, carrot puree.
4. Snack: jelly based on berries, croutons.
5. Evening: boiled lean fish, mashed potatoes.

Before going to bed, low-fat kefir is allowed.

Fourth period after surgery

It is immediately difficult to normalize the work of the digestive tract after removing part of the intestine. Therefore, the introduction of new products in the menu is divided into several periods. The fourth step is to add food with a firmer consistency. In this case, a diet number 4B is prescribed.

This type of food implies a transition from a sparing menu to a common table. The diet is considered physiologically complete. But the diet implies the restriction of salt and those products that increase gas formation and lead to the development of fermentation processes. All dishes are served steamed or baked.

The basis of the diet is table No1. Only food is served already in unground form, but in pieces. Sweetened fruits and berries in the form of bananas, apples, pears, strawberries are gradually introduced into the diet menu. It is allowed to use natural juices, previously diluted with water in the same ratio. But grape juice is considered forbidden. You can not eat fresh bread, pastries, fatty meats and fish, rich broths, smoked meats, canned food, legumes.

Sample daily menu.

1. Morning: oatmeal or steam omelette, fresh juice from apples and pears.
2. Lunch: low-fat cottage cheese.
3. Day: vegetable soup, chicken cutlets, rice porridge.
4. Afternoon snack: baked apples.
5. Evening: steamed meatloaf with carrots, mashed potatoes.

Before going to bed, low-fat kefir is used.

Diet therapy for bowel cancer

Oncology is considered one of the adverse processes. But there are techniques that help fight cancer. At this point, the patient needs a lot of strength to fight the tumor. One operation will not be able to completely solve the problem. To avoid the development of adverse effects, it is necessary not only to do chemotherapy or radiation therapy, but also to adhere to a special diet.

Nutrition for bowel cancer is based on several principles.

1. The most lightweight food is selected. Therefore, the sequential appointment of diets under the number 0A, 0B and 0B is used. They involve the consumption of liquid and semi-liquid food. Gradually introduced jelly-like and frayed food.
2. The diet is based on easily digestible proteins, fats and carbohydrates.
3. Salt is limited. Spices and spices are completely excluded.
4. Meals are taken 5-7 times a day.
5. Up to 1-1.5 liters of liquid should be consumed per day, including soups and drinks.

After 2 days, it is necessary to direct all efforts to start the digestive tract and normalize the patency of the intestines. Therefore, the patient is then transferred to table 4B. The patient must adhere to it for six months. This menu allows you to mechanically and chemically spare the intestines.

A person after the operation is strictly forbidden to consume:

• broths of fatty and strong character;
• garlic, onion, radish, radish, spinach;
• legumes and coarse vegetables, whole milk, rye and wheat bread, rich products, kvass;
• salty and spicy cheeses;
• millet, pearl barley, corn porridge;
• pork and beef fat, margarine and vegetable oils;
• ice cream, chocolate, cakes, soda.

The use of alcoholic beverages should be forgotten for a long time. It is necessary to regularly drink 1-1.5 liters of mineral water without gases.

After 6 months, the patient is transferred to diet No. 4B. She is not as gentle as the previous one. Medical nutrition is considered balanced. Consists of 100 g of proteins, 90 g of fats, 400 g of carbohydrates. 6 meals a day are provided. It is strictly forbidden to eat hot and cold dishes.

How long the patient will be on a diet after the operation, only the doctor decides based on the characteristics of the body. If you do not follow the recommendations and allow relaxation in nutrition, then serious complications will arise that will be difficult to eliminate.

Diet after bowel surgery is the most important stage in the recovery of the body. The menu in the postoperative period should take into account all possible adverse effects and protect the person from undesirable effects as much as possible. Nutrition after surgery on the intestines must be balanced, and in order to draw up an optimal diet, you should listen to the recommendations of specialists. The wrong menu can cross out all the positive results achieved during surgical treatment.

The essence of the problem

Any surgical operation is a stressful situation for the human body, which requires a sufficiently long rehabilitation period to fully restore all the functions of internal organs. Surgical treatment of the intestine in this regard is of particular importance, since the digestive system is disturbed, which means that metabolic processes, the delivery of necessary substances and the removal of metabolic waste are at risk. In such conditions, a strict diet becomes a necessary condition for rehabilitation measures.

Diet after bowel surgery is the most important stage in the recovery of the body.

Of course, the severity of the diet depends on the type of operation and the type of pathology that caused the intervention. Oncology and subsequent chemotherapy are considered the most severe. With a malignant neoplasm, a nutritional deficiency is produced in the body, including a lack of fats, proteins, carbohydrates, minerals, and vitamins. In the case of a long course of the disease, the body gets used to such a deficiency, which must be taken into account in the postoperative period. In addition, chemotherapy cannot improve immune characteristics. In other cases, surgery dramatically increases the energy requirement, while there is a real need to impose a restriction on food intake. The presence of these alternatives is an important feature of the diet after intestinal surgery.

During the period of postoperative recovery, the diet solves the following tasks:

• normalization of intestinal functions;
• optimization of the process of digestion of food;
• normalization of the defecation process;
• improving the general condition and increasing immunity;
• elimination of pain and symptoms of irritable bowel.

Fundamental approach to diet planning

The menu after bowel surgery should be controlled by a doctor. Depending on the complexity of the operation and the presence of complications, a regimen and diet are established, which can be adjusted taking into account the reaction of the body. There are several fundamental principles for the formation of a diet.

The postoperative period according to the nature of the diet is divided into 3 stages:

1. First stage. It can last 4-5 days and consists in providing a starvation diet. On the first day after surgery, you can not eat or drink. Special formulations are administered intravenously to ensure the metabolic process.
2. Second phase. At this stage, a very strict diet with easily digestible food is established. During this period, you can eat only foods in a liquefied consistency at the optimum temperature. The diet is strictly controlled: increased frequency (up to 6 times a day), but small portions.
3. Third stage. Only 14-15 days after the operation, a gradual expansion of the menu assortment begins. As before, you can not eat heavy food, the restriction on the range is strictly controlled. Meals are recommended to be made strictly according to the schedule, at the same time.

The second important principle: the presence of lists of prohibited and recommended products, as well as products with limited use. The menu is compiled only on the basis of these lists. At the same time, when compiling a diet, dishes should be evenly distributed according to energy value.

What requirements must be met?

When developing a postoperative diet, the following recommendations should be followed:

1. In cooking, preference is given to steam cooking, stewing, boiling, baking in the oven. The heat is absolutely unacceptable.
2. Products are carefully ground during cooking.
3. A strict diet is established and monitored by a doctor in a hospital, but even after discharge it must be fully observed at home.
4. Avoid foods that cause bloating, diarrhea, or constipation.
5. The introduction of new products in a strict menu should be done gradually. The good tolerance of new dishes indicates the right direction in the normalization of intestinal functions.
6. Diet should not lead to weight loss, depletion of the body; must be balanced in composition and energy value. It is very important to observe the drinking regime - at least 2.5 liters of fluid per day.

• sour berries and fruits (including kiwi and citrus fruits);
• White cabbage;
• all types of pickles, smoked meats and marinades;
• spicy dishes;
• canned food;
• sausages;
• ice cream;
• chocolate and sweets;
• meat, mushroom and fish broth;
• borscht and cabbage soup;
• drinks with gas and chilled;
• all types of alcoholic beverages;
• rich dough products;
• wheat bran;
• nuts;
• tomatoes;
• mushrooms;
• asparagus;
• bean plants.

A complete ban on the use of such products lasts at least 20 days.

When drawing up a dietary diet in the postoperative period, it is important to choose products that do not have a mechanical or chemical effect on the intestines and are easily digested, and dishes from them do not have a thermal effect.

The list of desirable products for consumption is as follows:

• coarse grain;
• vegetables;
• sweet fruits;
• blueberry;
• cottage cheese and low-fat cheeses;
• crackers;
• cereals based on rice, wheat and oats;
• flax seeds;
• potato;
• juices from freshly squeezed vegetables;
• water with a small mineralization and always without gas;
• black and fruit tea;
• dairy products.

20-25 days after the operation, you can switch from a strict diet to nutrition according to diet No. 4, and one of the most important requirements in it is the exclusion of fermentation and putrefaction in the intestines. At the 3rd stage of the diet, you can cook the following dishes from permitted products:

1. Bread products are only dried, you can crackers.
2. Porridges are cooked in water or lean broth from pureed cereals.
3. Minced lean meats or fish. Poultry is the best.
4. Hateful meat and fish soups, and the meat must be carefully chopped.
5. Eggs are consumed soft-boiled or in the form of a steam omelet.
6. Butter is severely limited.
7. Sweet berries and fruits in mashed or baked form, jelly, mousse, jelly.
8. Vegetable decoctions can be safely consumed.
9. From drinks are recommended: rosehip broth, diluted juices, tea, coffee with the permission of a doctor.

What to eat at different stages?

At the 1st stage of the diet, after complete hunger, the transition to a strict one begins. On the 3rd-4th day after the operation, dietary nutrition begins with the following regimen: 8 times a day, 250-280 g per serving. Dishes only liquid consistency at a temperature not exceeding 42-43°C. Salt intake - no more than 1.1-1.2 g per day. Can be included in the menu:

• for breakfast - tea, diluted apple compote;
• lunch - low-fat meat broth, fruit jelly, rosehip broth;
• dinner - rice water, fruit jelly, tea, rosehip broth.

At the 2nd stage, a dietary regimen is provided 6 times a day for 370-380 g. Salt intake - less than 4.8 g. Recommended dishes:

• breakfast - scrambled eggs, buckwheat porridge on the water, tea, rosehip broth, low-fat cream;
• lunch - low-fat meat or fish broth, steamed meat soufflé, compote;
• dinner - steamed fish soufflé, pureed oatmeal, fruit jelly, rosehip broth.

The third stage of the diet involves the gradual expansion of the diet. The basis of nutrition is mashed dishes on lean meat, fish or vegetable broth. The following dishes can be included in the menu:

• breakfast - soft-boiled egg, rice porridge in water with milk, tea with sugar, baked apple, jelly;
• lunch - soup on lean meat broth with oatmeal, meatballs, carrot puree, fruit mousse, potato and vermicelli soup, boiled meat, steam cutlets;
• dinner - boiled fish, mashed potatoes, steamed meatloaf.

Diet after bowel surgery is a mandatory and very important stage of postoperative rehabilitation of the body. When compiling a diet, especially at the initial stages, one must strictly adhere to the recommendations.