Introductory lesson on robotics outline on the topic. Robotics lessons. Everything you need to know First lesson in robotics

One of the most promising areas in the field of IT technologies is robotics. Why? Yes, because over the next fifteen years, a dozen new professions will appear in the world, which will be based on knowledge from the robotics field.

We are talking about such specialties as:
industrial robotics designer;
ergonomist designer;
composite engineer;
operator of multifunctional robotic systems;
children's robotics designer;
medical robot designer;
home robot designer;
designer of neural interfaces for robot control.

Self-controlling devices began to be used in the second half of the last century. Initially, robots worked in the areas of production and research, but then successfully migrated to the service sector. Of course, robots are not a mass phenomenon at the moment, but the vector has been chosen and it is almost impossible to change it. That is why we can say that in the near future the role of a person as a worker will change dramatically. But how to approach robotics? Where to start your exciting journey? Let's try to answer these questions.

Robotics for children

It is best to start learning the basics of robotics at an early age, but this does not mean that the path is closed for an adult. The fact is that the child learns new skills faster, he has no worries that could interfere with his favorite hobby. In addition, robotics for children is aimed at studying a specific subject, while professional robotics deals with solving complex problems. For example, children and hobbyists can disassemble simple mechanisms to understand how they work, but more mature specialists create complex industrial manipulators.

To understand whether a child has a penchant for robotics, it is enough to buy a construction set (fortunately, children’s robots are not in short supply today) and see if he shows interest in the process of assembling it. If so, then you can find a robotics club in which the child can develop imagination, logic, fine motor skills, spatial perception, patience and concentration.

It is worth noting that there are different areas in robotics: programming, electronics, design. If your child enjoys building construction sets, construction is likely a good fit for them. Those who are interested in learning how this or that thing works should study electronics. Programming will interest any young mathematician.

At what age do you start learning?

The ideal age to start in robotics is 8-12 years old. Earlier, a child may have difficulties understanding the principles of operation of certain mechanisms, and it is better not to mention the desire to learn mathematics (which is extremely necessary for drawing up algorithms, designing circuits and mechanisms) at an early age. Well, which of us wanted to study formulas and theorems when the weather was great outside and there was a Sony PlayStation under the TV? The question is rhetorical.

But at 8-9 years old, children without any problems can understand and remember what a capacitor, LED, and resistor are. At this age, they can already master concepts from school physics, significantly ahead of the curriculum of our educational institutions.

If a child does not lose interest in his hobby by the age of 14-15, he should continue to study mathematics and start learning programming. Outside the circles, a lot of interesting things await him: a mathematical basis, the theory of mechanisms and machines, the implementation of automatic navigation algorithms, the design of electromechanical equipment for a robotic device, machine learning and computer vision algorithms (something carried me away).

A little about choosing designers

Each age group has its own educational platforms and constructors, differing in the degree of complexity. Today, both foreign and domestic sets are presented on the market, the cost of which varies from 400 to 15,000 hryvnia.
For an 8-11 year old child, construction sets from BitKit, Fischertechnik or (of course, these manufacturers also have sets for adult children in their assortment). For example, BitKit products are aimed at studying electronics (I tested their Omka constructor personally and wrote about it in the winter of 2016 -); Fischertechnik - brings closer to the real development of robots, their kits have plugs, wires, and a visual programming environment; Lego offers very famous construction sets with interesting and colorful details, detailed instructions and great capabilities.

The standard in educational robotics are Arduino modules as well as the single board computer. To work with them, you will need basic programming skills, but ultimately you can learn how to create all kinds of “smart” devices with your own hands - from an automatic watering system to an alarm system.


Where to practice robotics?

Robotics courses for children in Ukraine are offered by the following organizations:
“Stem Fll” course from First Lego League;
“Robo-3D Junior” course from RoboUa;
“Robo-3D” course from Lego Mindstorms;
courses based on Arduino, Lego and Fischertechnik from Robot School;
courses for children from 4 years old from the MAN studio;
curriculum from Boteon;
“Preparing for Flight” course from Singularity Studio;
courses from the Smart IT school.

Self-paced learning: is it possible?

For self-study, there are many free online courses on the Internet. But this format is unlikely to be suitable for a child, so distance education may be attractive only for an adult.

As for the child, in addition to exciting and useful kits, books on robotics will be useful to him, namely:

Braga Newton, “Creating robots at home”;
Douglas Williams, “Programmable Robot Controlled from a PDA”;
Owen Bishop, “The Robot Developer's Handbook”;
Vadim Mitskevich, “Entertaining anatomy of robots”;
Vladimir Gololobov, “Where robots begin.”

There are a lot of similar works. Unfortunately, robotics is developing rapidly and the relevance of the information in books is becoming outdated. Therefore, you should always have thematic forums and specialized sites at hand.

What's the result?

As a result, we get a very promising direction that should not be ignored under any circumstances. If you have children, think about their future and perhaps my article on Keddre will become a catalyst for finding suitable clubs.

If you find an error, please highlight a piece of text and click Ctrl+Enter.

The test should contain simple and clearly formulated questions about the designer, about Legos, about the laws of physics, mathematics, etc. The recommended number of questions is from 10 to 20. Students answer simple questions and test their level of knowledge. It is recommended to include several questions on ingenuity in the test from the cycle: “What if...”. As a result of testing, we must understand whether the student has learned anything.

Let's give some examples questions for monitoring knowledge in robotics for the 1st half of the year.
1) Design is .....(choose the correct definition of the term)

- the process of chaotic collection of the designer

- a purposeful process that results in a real product.

- a type of activity that results in the development of a child’s fine motor skills.

2) Using keywords, determine the type of constructor: ball, groove, angle of inclination, obstacles.

- Wooden constructor

- Transformer

- Magnetic constructor

- Labyrinth constructor

3) Select the main characteristics of the wooden construction set:

- Made from natural material

- You can assemble only the simplest structures

- Considered the safest constructor

- Suitable for children of senior school age

4) Choose the missing word: ____________construction set consists of bricks of different colors and sizes, which are “put on” each other using special fasteners.

- soft constructor

- Lego

- floor constructor

- models for assembly

5) Choose a construction kit that can transform from one complete model to another.

- Thematic set

- Transformer

- Magnetic constructor

- Soft constructor

6) A set of various metal plates and corners that are fastened together with bolts is called?

- Glowing constructor

- Cubes

- Iron constructor

- Thematic set

7) Direct use of materials to provide some mechanical function; Moreover, everything is based on the mutual adhesion and resistance of bodies. Choose the term that matches this definition:

- Mechanism

- Car

- Robot

- Android

8) Who formulated the three laws of Robotics? What is the name and surname of the science fiction writer who formulated the three laws of robotics?

9) An anthropomorphic machine that imitates a person, seeking to replace a person in any of his activities. Specify the term corresponding to this definition:

- Mechanism

- Car

- Robot

- Android

10) Who coined the word "Robot"? What is the First and Last Name of the science fiction writer, the author of the word "ROBOT".

11) An automatic device created on the principle of a living organism. Acting according to a pre-programmed program and receiving information about the outside world from sensors, it independently carries out production and other operations usually performed by humans. Specify the term corresponding to this definition:

- Mechanism

- Machine

- Robot

- Android

12) A set of mechanisms that replace a person or animal in a certain area; It is used mainly for labor automation. Indicate the term corresponding to this definition:

- Mechanism

- Car

- Robot

- Android

13) Part of the Lego Mindstorms EV3 construction set, designed for programming precise and powerful movements of the robot:

- touch sensor

- motor

- infrared sensor

- touch sensor

- EV3 module

- color sensor

- infrared beacon

Introduction:

The purpose of this course is to introduce you to Lego mindstorms. Learn how to assemble basic robot designs, program them for specific tasks, and walk you through basic solutions to the most common competition problems.

The course is designed for those taking their first steps into the world of robotics using Lego mindstorms. Although all robot examples in this course are made using the Lego mindstorms EV3 constructor, robot programming is explained using the example of the Lego mindstorms EV3 development environment, however, owners of Lego mindstorms NXT can also join the study of this course, and we hope that they will also find something for themselves useful...

Introduction:

In the second lesson, we will become more familiar with the programming environment and study in detail the commands that set the movement of our robot cart, assembled in the first lesson. So, let's launch the Lego mindstorms EV3 programming environment, load our lessons.ev3 project created earlier and add a new program to the project - lesson-2-1. You can add a program in two ways:

• Select team "File" - "Add program" (Ctrl+N).
• Click "+" on the programs tab.

Introduction:

We will devote our third lesson to studying the computing capabilities of the EV3 module and will analyze examples of practical solutions to problems involving calculating the trajectory of movement. We launch the Lego mindstorms EV3 programming environment again, load our lessons.ev3 project and add a new program to the project - lesson-3-4. We learned how to add a new program to a project in the previous lesson.

Introduction:

The Lego mindstorms EV3 construction kit includes various sensors. The main task of the sensors is to present information from the external environment to the EV3 module, and the programmer’s task is to learn how to receive and process this information, giving the necessary commands to the robot’s motors. Over the course of a series of lessons, we will gradually get acquainted with all the sensors included in both the home and educational kits, learn how to interact with them and solve the most common robot control tasks.

Robotics is one of the most promising areas in the field of Internet technologies, and in our time there is no need to explain that the IT sector is the future. Robotics is a fascinating thing: to design a robot is almost to create a new creature, albeit an electronic one.

Since the 60s of the last century, automated and self-managing devices that do some work for a person began to be used for research and in production, then in the service sector, and since then, every year they have become more firmly established in their place in people’s lives. Of course, it cannot be said that in Russia everything is carried out entirely by independent mechanisms, but a certain vector in this direction is definitely outlined. Sberbank is already planning to replace three thousand lawyers with smart machines.

Together with experts, we will try to figure out why robotics is needed and how to approach it.

How does robotics for children differ from professional robotics?

In short, robotics for children is aimed at studying a subject, while professional robotics is aimed at solving specific problems. If specialists create industrial manipulators that perform various technological tasks, or specialized wheeled platforms, then amateurs and children, of course, do simpler things.

Tatyana Volkova, employee of the Center for Intelligent Robotics: “As a rule, this is where everyone starts: they figure out the motors and force the robot to simply drive forward, then make turns. When the robot executes movement commands, you can already connect a sensor and make the robot move towards the light or, conversely, “run away” from it. And then comes the favorite task of all beginners: a robot that drives along a line. There are even various robot races organized.”

How can you tell if your child has a penchant for robotics?

First you need to buy a construction set and see if your child likes assembling it. And then you can give it to the circle. Classes will help him develop fine motor skills, imagination, spatial perception, logic, concentration and patience.

The sooner you can decide on the direction of robotics - design, electronics, programming - the better. All three areas are vast and require separate study.

Alexander Kolotov, leading specialist in STEM programs at Innopolis University: “If a child likes to assemble construction sets, then construction will suit him. If he is interested in learning how things work, then he will enjoy doing electronics. If a child has a passion for mathematics, then he will be interested in programming.”

When to start learning robotics?

It is best to start studying and enrolling in clubs from childhood, however, not too early - at 8-12 years old, experts say. Earlier, it is more difficult for a child to grasp understandable abstractions, and later, in adolescence, he may develop other interests and become distracted. The child also needs to be motivated to study mathematics, so that in the future it will be interesting and easy for him to design mechanisms and circuits, and compose algorithms.

From 8-9 years old Children can already understand and remember what a resistor, LED, capacitor is, and later master concepts from school physics ahead of the school curriculum. It doesn’t matter whether they become specialists in this field or not, the knowledge and skills they gain will definitely not be in vain.

At 14-15 years old you need to continue to study mathematics, push robotics classes into the background and start studying programming more seriously - to understand not only complex algorithms, but also data storage structures. Next comes the mathematical basis and knowledge in algorithmization, immersion in the theory of mechanisms and machines, design of electromechanical equipment of a robotic device, implementation of automatic navigation algorithms, computer vision algorithms and machine learning.

Alexander Kolotov: “If at this moment you introduce a future specialist to the basics of linear algebra, complex calculus, the theory of probability and statistics, then by the time he enters a university he will already have a good idea of ​​why he should pay additional attention to these subjects when receiving higher education.”

Which designers to choose?

Each age has its own educational programs, constructors and platforms, varying in degree of complexity. You can find both foreign and domestic products. There are expensive kits for robotics (around 30 thousand rubles and more), there are also cheaper, very simple ones (within 1-3 thousand rubles).

If the child 8-11 years, you can buy Lego or Fischertechnik construction sets (although, of course, manufacturers have offers for both younger and older ages). The Lego robotics kit has interesting details, colorful figures, is easy to assemble and comes with detailed instructions. The Fischertechnik series of construction sets for robotics brings you closer to the real development process, here you have wires, plugs, and a visual programming environment.

At 13-14 years old you can start working with TRIC or Arduino modules, which, according to Tatyana Volkova, are practically a standard in the field of educational robotics, as well as Raspberry. TRIC is more complex than Lego, but lighter than Arduino and Raspberry Ri. The last two already require basic programming skills.

What else will you need to study?

Programming. It is possible to avoid it only at the initial stage, but then you can’t live without it. You can start with Lego Mindstorms, Python, ROS (Robot Operating System).

Basic mechanics. You can start with crafts made from paper, cardboard, bottles, which is important for fine motor skills and general development. The simplest robot can be made from individual parts (motors, wires, a photosensor and one simple microcircuit). The “Making Tool with Father Sperch” will help you get acquainted with the basic mechanics.

Basics of Electronics. First, learn how to assemble simple circuits. For children under eight years old, experts recommend the “Connoisseur” construction set; then you can move on to the “Basics of Electronics” set. Start".

Where can children practice robotics?

If you see a child’s interest, you can send him to clubs and courses, although you can study on your own. During the courses, the child will be under the guidance of specialists, will be able to find like-minded people, and will engage in robotics on a regular basis.

It is also advisable to immediately understand what you want from classes: participate in competitions and compete for prizes, participate in project activities, or simply study for yourself.

Alexey Kolotov: “For serious classes, projects, participation in competitions, you need to choose clubs with small groups of 6-8 people and a coach who leads students to prizes in competitions, who constantly develops himself and gives interesting tasks. For hobby activities, you can go to groups of up to 20 people.”

How to choose robotics courses?

When registering for courses, pay attention to the teacher, recommends commercial director of Promobot Oleg Kivokurtsev. “There are precedents when a teacher simply gives the equipment to the children, and then anyone can do whatever they want,” Tatyana Volkova agrees with Oleg. Such activities will be of little use.

When choosing courses, you should also pay attention to on the existing material and technical base. Are there construction kits (not just Lego), is it possible to write programs, study mechanics and electronics, and make projects yourself. Each pair of students should have their own robotics kit. Preferably with additional parts (wheels, gears, frame elements) if you want to participate in competitions. If several teams are working with one set at once, then, most likely, no serious competition is expected.

Find out what competitions the robotics club participates in. Do these competitions help you consolidate your acquired skills and provide an opportunity for further development?

Robocup Competition 2014

How to study robotics on your own?

Courses require money and time. If the first one is not enough and you won’t be able to go somewhere regularly, you can study independently with your child. It is important that parents have the necessary competence in this area: without the help of a parent, it will be quite difficult for a child to master robotics, warns Oleg Kivokurtsev.

Find material to study. They can be taken on the Internet, from ordered books, at conferences attended, from the magazine “Entertaining Robotics”. For self-study, there are free online courses, for example, “Building robots and other devices using Arduino: from a traffic light to a 3D printer.”

Should adults learn robotics?

If you have already left childhood, this does not mean that the doors of robotics are closed for you. You can also enroll in courses or study it on your own.

If a person decides to do this as a hobby, then his path will be the same as that of a child. However, it is clear that it is unlikely that you will be able to advance beyond the amateur level without a professional education (design engineer, programmer and electronics engineer), although, of course, no one forbids you to get an internship at a company and stubbornly gnaw on the granite of a new direction for you.

Oleg Kivokurtsev: “It will be easier for an adult to master robotics, but time is an important factor.”

For those who have a similar specialty, but want to retrain, there are also various courses to help. For example, for machine learning specialists, the free online course on probabilistic robotics “Artificial Intelligence in Robotics” will be suitable. There is also the Intel educational program, the Lectorium educational project, and ITMO distance courses. Don’t forget about books, for example, there is a lot of literature for beginners (“Basics of Robotics”, “Introduction to Robotics”, “Handbook for Robotics”). Choose what is most clear and suitable for you.

It should be remembered that serious work differs from amateur hobby at least in the cost of equipment costs and the list of tasks assigned to the employee. It’s one thing to assemble the simplest robot with your own hands, but quite another to practice, for example, computer vision. Therefore, it is still better to study the basics of design, programming and hardware engineering from an early age and subsequently, if you like it, enter a specialized university.

Which universities should I go to study at?

Majors related to robotics can be found at the following universities:

— Moscow Technological University (MIREA, MGUPI, MITHT);

— Moscow State Technical University named after. N. E. Bauman;

— Moscow State Technological University “Stankin”;

— National Research University “MPEI” (Moscow);

— Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology (Moscow);

— Moscow State Transport University of Emperor Nicholas II;

— Moscow State University of Food Production;

— Moscow State Forestry University;

— St. Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation (SGUAP);

— St. Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics (ITMO);

— Magnitogorsk State Technical University;

— Omsk State Technical University;

— Saratov State Technical University;

— Innopolis University (Republic of Tatarstan);

— South Russian Federal University (Novocherkassk State Technical University).

The most important

Knowing the basics of robotics may soon be useful for ordinary people, and the opportunity to become a specialist in this field looks very promising, so it’s definitely worth at least trying your hand at robotics.

Today, robotics classes are becoming very popular. Such lessons help schoolchildren to form and develop critical thinking, learn to creatively approach the process of solving problems of varying levels of complexity, and also gain teamwork skills.

New Generation

Modern education is moving to a new stage of its development. Many teachers and parents are looking for an opportunity to get children interested in science, instill a love of learning and charge them with the desire to create and think outside the box. Traditional forms of presenting material have long lost their relevance. The new generation is not like its forefathers. They want to learn in a lively, interesting, interactive way. This generation easily navigates modern technologies. Children want to develop in such a way that they not only keep up with rapidly developing technologies, but also directly participate in this process.

Many of them are interested in: “What is robotics? Where can you learn this?

Education and robots

This academic discipline includes subjects such as design, programming, algorithms, mathematics, physics and other disciplines related to engineering. The World Robotics Olympiad (World Robotics Olympiad - WRO) is held annually. In the educational field, this is a massive competition that allows those who are encountering a similar subject for the first time to better learn what robotics is. It gives participants from more than 50 countries the opportunity to try their hand at it. About 20 thousand teams, consisting of children from 7 to 18 years old, come to the competition.

The main goal of WRO: development and popularization of STT (scientific and technical creativity) and robotics among youth and children. Such Olympiads are a modern educational tool of the 21st century.

New opportunities

In order for children to better understand what robotics is, the competitions use theoretical and practical skills acquired in classes as part of club work and the school curriculum for the study of natural sciences and exact sciences. Passion for the robotics discipline gradually develops into a desire to learn more deeply about sciences such as mathematics, physics, computer science and technology.

WRO is a unique opportunity for its participants and observers not only to learn more deeply about robotics, but also to develop the creativity and critical thinking skills that are so necessary in the 21st century.

Education

Interest in the educational discipline of robotics is growing every day. The material base is constantly improving and developing, many ideas that until recently remained a dream are now a reality. Studying the subject “Fundamentals of Robotics” has become possible for a large number of children. In the lessons, children learn to solve problems with limited resources, process and assimilate information, and use it in the right way.

Children learn easily. The modern younger generation, brought up on various gadgets, as a rule, has no difficulties in mastering the discipline “Fundamentals of Robotics”, provided they have the desire and thirst for new knowledge.

It is necessary that even adults are more difficult to retrain than to teach the pure but thirsty minds of children. A positive trend is the enormous attention paid to the popularization of robotics among young people by Russian government agencies. And this is understandable, since the task of modernization and attracting young specialists is a question of the state’s competitiveness in the international arena.

Importance of the subject

Today, a pressing issue for the Ministry of Education is the introduction of educational robotics into the range of school disciplines. It is considered an important area of ​​development. In technology lessons, children should gain an understanding of the modern field of technology development and design, which gives them the opportunity to invent and build themselves. It is not necessary for all students to become engineers, but everyone should have the opportunity.

In general, robotics lessons are extremely interesting for children. This is important for everyone to understand - both teachers and parents. Such classes provide an opportunity to see other disciplines in a different light and understand the meaning of their study. But it is the meaning, the understanding of why this is necessary, that moves the minds of the guys. Its absence negates all the efforts of teachers and parents.

An important factor is that learning robotics is not a stressful process and completely absorbs children. This is not only the development of the student’s personality, but also an opportunity to get away from the street, unfavorable environment, idle pastime and the consequences that entail.

Origin

The name of robotics itself comes from the corresponding English robotics. which develops technical automated systems. In production, it is one of the main technical foundations of intensification.

All laws of robotics, like science itself, are closely related to electronics, mechanics, telemechanics, mechanotronics, computer science, radio engineering, and electrical engineering. Robotics itself is divided into industrial, construction, medical, space, military, underwater, aviation and household.

The concept of “robotics” was first used in his stories by a science fiction writer. This was in 1941 (the story “Liar”).

The word “robot” itself was coined in 1920 by Czech writers and his brother Josef. It was included in the science fiction play "Rossum's Universal Robots", which was staged in 1921 and enjoyed great audience success. Today one can observe how the line outlined in the play has been widely developed in the light of science fiction cinematography. The essence of the plot: the owner of the plant is developing and setting up the production of a large number of androids that can work without rest. But these robots eventually rebel against their creators.

Historical examples

Interestingly, the beginnings of robotics appeared in ancient times. This is evidenced by the remains of moving statues that were made in the 1st century BC. Homer wrote in the Iliad about handmaidens created from gold who were able to speak and think. Today, the intelligence that robots are endowed with is called artificial intelligence. Additionally, the ancient Greek mechanical engineer Archytas of Tarentum is credited with the design and creation of the mechanical flying pigeon. This event dates back to approximately 400 BC.

There are many such examples. They are well covered in the book by I.M. Makarov. and Topcheeva Yu.I. "Robotics: history and prospects." It tells in a popular way about the origins of modern robots, and also outlines the robotics of the future and the corresponding development of human civilization.

Types of robots

At the present stage, the most important classes of general-purpose robots are mobile and manipulative.

Mobile is an automatic machine with a moving chassis and controlled drives. These robots can be walking, wheeled, tracked, crawling, swimming, or flying.

A manipulator is an automatic stationary or mobile machine, consisting of a manipulator with several degrees of mobility and program control that performs motor and control functions in production. Such robots come in floor, portal or suspended form. They are most widespread in instrument-making and machine-building industries.

Ways to move

Wheeled and tracked robots have become widespread. Moving a walking robot is a challenging dynamic problem. Such robots cannot yet have the stable movement inherent in humans.

Regarding flying robots, we can say that most modern airplanes are just that, but they are controlled by pilots. At the same time, the autopilot can control the flight at all stages. Flying robots also include their subclass - cruise missiles. Such devices are lightweight and carry out dangerous missions, including firing at the operator’s command. In addition, there are design devices capable of firing independently.

There are flying robots that use the propulsion techniques used by penguins, jellyfish, and stingrays. This method of movement can be seen in the Air Penguin, Air Ray, and Air Jelly robots. They are manufactured by Festo. But RoboBee robots use insect flight methods.

Among crawling robots, there are a number of developments that are similar in movement to worms, snakes and slugs. In this case, the robot uses friction forces on a rough surface or the curvature of the surface. This type of movement is useful for narrow spaces. Such robots are needed to search for people under the rubble of destroyed buildings. Snake-like robots are capable of moving in water (such as the ACM-R5 made in Japan).

Robots moving along a vertical surface use the following approaches:

• similar to a person who climbs a wall with ledges (Stanford robot Capuchin);
• similar to geckos equipped with vacuum suction cups (Wallbot and Stickybot).

Among swimming robots, there are many developments that move according to the principle of imitating fish. The efficiency of such movement is 80% higher than the efficiency of movement with a propeller. Such designs have low noise levels and high maneuverability. This is why they are of great interest to underwater researchers. Such robots include models from the University of Essex - Robotic Fish and Tuna, developed by the Field Robotics Institute. They are modeled after the movement characteristic of tuna. Among the robots that imitate the movement of a stingray, the famous development of the Festo company is Aqua Ray. And the robot that moves like a jellyfish is Aqua Jelly from the same developer.

Club work

Most robotics clubs are aimed at primary and secondary schools. But children of preschool age are not deprived of attention. The main role here is played by the development of creativity. Preschoolers must learn to think freely and translate their ideas into creativity. That is why robotics classes in clubs for children under 6 years of age are aimed at the active use of cubes and simple construction sets.

The school curriculum is certainly becoming more complicated. It gives you the opportunity to get acquainted with different classes of robots, try yourself in practice, and delve deeper into science. New disciplines reveal the child’s potential for gaining professional skills and knowledge in the chosen field of engineering.

Robotic complexes

The modern development of robotics is at such a stage that it seems that a powerful breakthrough in robot technology is about to occur. This is the same as with video calling and mobile gadgets. Until recently, all this seemed inaccessible to mass consumption. But today it is commonplace and has ceased to amaze. But every robotics exhibition shows us fantastic projects that capture a person’s spirit at the mere thought of their implementation in the life of society.

In the education system, complex installations of robots make it possible to implement a program using project activities, among which the following are popular:

Control

By type of control systems there are:

• biotechnical (command, copying, semi-automatic);
• automatic (software, adaptive, intelligent);
• interactive (automated, supervisory, interactive).

The main tasks of robot control include:

• planning movements and positions;
• planning of forces and moments;
• identification of dynamic and kinematic data;
• dynamic accuracy analysis.

The development of control methods is of great importance in the field of robotics. This is important for technical cybernetics and the theory of automatic control.