Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (hyperkinetic disorder). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in a child

The condition of a person with symptoms of impulsivity and persistent inattention is called Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. The disease is typical for children, who experience its symptoms more vividly, but it also manifests itself at an older age. It is useful to know how to deal with the disease, to identify its causes and signs.

What is ADHD

Encountering an incomprehensible abbreviation ADHD - what it is, many want to know. Doctors and scientists explain that ADHD is attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. This disease is a mental type, and it occurs several times more often in children than in adults. According to statistics, up to 7% of modern children show signs of hyperactivity, of which only a third are girls - the rest are boys.

Patients note different symptoms of ADHD, but in general, the manifestations are as follows: they are all extremely active, hardly restrain themselves, and are not able to concentrate on one goal. If the activity is normal, they only talk about attention deficit disorder. With age, the signs disappear, but there remains increased impulsivity, hyperactivity, the demand for attention by any means, including eccentric ones.

Causes of ADHD

Until now, doctors cannot say exactly what the causes of ADHD are. Scientists believe that the symptoms are caused by a complex of factors that cause hyperactivity syndrome at any age. These factors include:

• genetic predisposition - the disease can be transmitted from father and mother;
• prematurity, premature birth;
• abuse of alcoholic beverages, nicotine during pregnancy;
• head and brain injuries, infectious diseases in early childhood.

The mechanism of development of mental deviation includes a deficiency of special chemicals. If dopamine and norepinephrine are not enough in certain areas of the brain, then the child becomes hyperactive, impulsive, and attracts attention. According to these data, it can be argued that the disease is mental, it needs proper diagnosis and treatment based on the identified symptoms.

ADHD - symptoms in children

Before diagnosing the disease, it is helpful to learn more about ADHD, the symptoms that indicate that patients are experiencing problems. Attention deficit disorder in children is manifested in the following 3 categories:

1. Inattention - Children are constantly distracted, forget tasks or information, and cannot or have difficulty concentrating on one subject. They cannot complete tasks, assemble themselves, organize work, and follow directions. Looking at them, you might think that they do not hear when they are spoken to. They have mistakes due to lack of concentration, they are distracted, they can lose their things.
2. Hyperactive qualities - schoolchildren are impatient, communicate a lot and excessively, fuss, cannot accustom themselves to sit in one place for a long time. In a kindergarten or school, they are not in one place, they run away, ignoring the instructions of teachers.
3. Impulsive - tend to always be the first to answer, interrupt others, do not tolerate waiting in line. They cannot put off getting pleasure, they need to realize their idea here and now. Preschool children and schoolchildren do not succumb to persuasion, they want to get everything at once.

Diagnosis of ADHD

It is not easy to identify ADHD in a child - the diagnosis is made only on the basis of comparing the behavior of their peers at the same level of development in the same social conditions. The analysis takes at least six months to accurately diagnose the disease, and not just identify an inattentive or hyperactive member of society. Symptoms of the disorder begin in preschool age, manifesting themselves later depending on social situations and family relationships.

With significantly pronounced symptoms, the child is often socially maladjusted, which leads to mental problems, withdrawal to oneself. It is important to bring him to the doctor in time so that he examines him and excludes other diseases that cause behavioral disorders. Based on the main symptoms, doctors diagnose attention deficit disorder with a predominance of inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity, or a combination of both.

Some patients, in addition to the main characteristic, suffer from other diseases associated with the disorder. This:

• poor development of learning skills, poor school performance;
• oppositional disorder - deliberate lack of obedience, violent behavior;
• emotional disorder - nervousness, tearfulness;
• tics - unintentional twitching of facial muscles, sniffling, sudden screams.

ADHD - treatment

Hyperactivity in children is treated so that you do not have to suffer from its symptoms. Efficiency depends on complex therapy, the efforts of doctors, parents and teachers. Treatment for ADHD in children includes techniques such as.

Hyperactivity of children is clearly manifested in their behavior and in violent emotional expression. All the actions and experiences of children with ADHD go with the prefix "super" - they are impulsive, stubborn, absent-minded, capricious, aroused much more strongly than is typical of ordinary children. The constancy of such behavior alarms parents and pediatricians. Revealing that this is attention deficit hyperactivity disorder or parenting errors is a difficult task, there is no unambiguous solution for it. What is left for parents? Let us analyze in more detail the concept of attention deficit disorder, taking into account all the assumptions.

Excessive impulsivity, emotionality, unpredictability of reactions - this is how you can describe the character of a child with attention deficit disorder

What can cause ADHD?

• Unfavorable factors that influenced the course of pregnancy. Maternal smoking, stressful situations, various diseases, taking medications - all this negatively affects the body of the fetus.
• Neuralgia disorders that occurred at birth or in fetal development. Often attention deficit hyperactivity disorder manifests itself after hypoxia (lack of oxygen) or asphyxia (suffocation) is observed during childbirth or fetal development in the womb.
• The cause may be premature or very rapid birth. Affects the diagnosis of ADHD and stimulation of the birth process.
• Social factors when the baby grows up in an unfavorable environment. Frequent conflicts of adults, malnutrition, too soft or hard methods of education, lifestyle and temperament of the child himself.

The combination of several dangerous factors at once increases the risk of ADHD in children. The child suffered asphyxia during childbirth, his upbringing is carried out within strict limits, he faces frequent conflicts in the family - the result will be a pronounced hyperactivity of the baby.

How to spot the signs of ADHD?

Dear reader!

This article talks about typical ways to solve your questions, but each case is unique! If you want to know how to solve your particular problem - ask your question. It's fast and free!

Self-diagnosing ADHD in a child is not always easy. It is possible that attention deficit is the result of other neurological problems. Manifestations of symptoms characteristic of ADHD:

• The first symptoms of hyperactivity are noticeable even in infancy. Hyperactive children are characterized by violent reactions to loud sounds and noise, they do not sleep well, lag behind in the development of motor skills, are excited in games and when bathing.
• A child is 3 years old - the age when the moment comes, called the three-year-old crisis. Many children at this age are prone to whims, stubbornness, mood swings. Kids with hyperactivity make everything several times brighter. Their behavior is characterized by a belated development of speech skills, awkward movements, interspersed with fussiness and randomness. There are frequent complaints of headaches, fatigue, the presence of enuresis,.
• Prominent restlessness. It is revealed in kindergarten in classes that require concentration. In addition, in a kindergarten environment, the baby hardly falls asleep, does not want to sit on the potty, does not want to eat, it is impossible to calm him down.
• Problems of preschool age. A child with hyperactivity does not learn well the materials that prepare him for school, but this does not indicate a delay in the development of the child, but rather a decrease in concentration. The kid cannot sit in one place and does not listen to the teacher.
• Poor school performance. Children with hyperactivity do not get poor grades because of low mental inclinations. This is due to disciplinary requirements. Children are not able to sit quietly for 45 minutes of the lesson, listen carefully, write and do the tasks proposed by the teacher.
• Mental problems. From an early age, hyperactive children develop various phobias. Symptoms such as tearfulness, irascibility, resentment, irritability, distrust, anxiety, suspicion are clearly manifested.

Usually such children do not study well at school, they cannot calmly sit out until the end of the lesson or do their homework in full.

Parents are especially concerned about the fact that the symptoms of ADHD can be complex - they appear in children regularly and vividly.

How is the problem diagnosed?

Doctors do not diagnose a seven-year-old child with a neurological diagnosis, even with severe hyperactivity, and do not use drugs. The solution is connected with the psychology of the growing organism. Preschoolers are experiencing two serious psychological crises at 3 years and 7 years (we recommend reading:). So by what criteria does a doctor make a verdict about ADHD? Consider two lists of criteria by which the diagnosis of the disease is carried out.

Eight signs of hyperactivity

1. Children's movements are fussy and chaotic.
2. They sleep restlessly: they spin a lot, often talk, laugh or cry in their sleep, throw off the covers, walk at night.
3. It is difficult to sit on a chair, constantly spinning from side to side.
4. The state of rest is almost absent, all the time running, jumping, spinning, jumping.
5. They do not stand in line well, they can get up and leave.
6. They talk too much.
7. When talking with someone, they do not listen to the interlocutor, they try to interrupt, they are distracted from the conversation, they do not answer the questions asked.
8. When asked to wait, they respond with pronounced impatience.

Eight Signs of Attention Deficit

1. There is no desire to do well the task given to them. Any work (cleaning, homework) is done quickly and carelessly, often not completed.
2. It is difficult to concentrate on the details, the child does not remember them well and cannot reproduce them.
3. Frequent immersion in one's own world, absent gaze, difficulties with communication.
4. The conditions of the games are poorly assimilated, they are constantly violated.
5. Great absent-mindedness, expressed in the loss of personal things that are not put in their place, and then cannot find them.
6. There is no personal self-discipline. We have to constantly monitor and organize.
7. Rapid switching of attention from one subject or object to another.
8. The control mechanism is the "spirit of destruction". They break toys and other things, but do not admit to their deeds.

If you find 5-6 matches in the child's behavior for the diagnosis of ADHD, show it to specialists (psychotherapist, neurologist, psychologist). The doctor will thoroughly study the problem and find a competent solution.

Treatment Methods

Methods for correcting ADHD in children are selected individually. The doctor, choosing a method of treatment, proceeds from the degree of development of the problem. After talking with the parents and observing the child, the specialist decides what is necessary in a particular case. Treatment of hyperactive children can be carried out in two directions: medication, with the help of ADHD drugs, or through psychotherapeutic correction.

Medical method

Physicians in the United States and in the West treat hyperactivity in children with psychostimulants. Such drugs improve concentration and quickly give visible positive changes, but they are also characterized by side effects: children have headaches, sleep disturbances, appetite, nervousness and excessive irritability appear, they are reluctant to communicate.

Russian specialists do not resort to psychostimulants in the treatment of ADHD, based on the protocol for the treatment of ADHD, according to which the use of such drugs is prohibited. They are replaced by nootropic drugs - a group of psychotropic drugs designed for a specific effect on the higher functions of the brain, which increase its resistance to the influence of negative factors, thereby improving memory and cognitive activity in general. There is no shortage of ADHD drugs on the market. Strattera pill-capsules are recognized as an effective representative of ADHD drugs. Depressants are given to a child under the strict supervision of a physician.

Strattera tablets should not be self-administered as they directly affect nervous activity and should only be taken under strict medical supervision.

Psychological and psychotherapeutic methods

The methods of psychologists and psychotherapists are aimed at correcting behavior. Designed to help improve memory, develop speech skills, thinking. Specialists seek to increase the child's self-esteem, give him creative tasks. To reduce the syndrome, modeling of communicative situations that can facilitate the communication of hyperactive children with peers and adults. To correct ADHD, a relaxation method is used, which helps to relax the child and normalize brain and nervous activity. A speech therapist deals with speech defects. Difficult cases require a combination of medical and psychological methods of correcting the situation.

What do parents need to know?

If the problem is identified and there is no doubt about it, parents should know how to properly raise a hyperactive child. Proceed like this:

• Increase your child's self-esteem. The incomprehensible hyperactivity of the child pushes adults to constant remarks and pulling. They do not ask him, but order him to "shut up", "sit down", "calm down". A little man hears such words in the garden, at home, and at school - he develops a feeling of his own inferiority, while he is in dire need of encouragement and praise. Do it more often.
• When building a relationship with a son or daughter, respect personal qualities. Put aside your emotional perception of their behavior, act strictly but fairly. When punishing the baby, coordinate your decision with other family members. Understanding that it is difficult for a child to restrain himself and he indulges in all serious things, do not do it yourself. Your rallies with the "brakes" may be perceived by him as the norm.
• While keeping your child busy with household chores, give him simple and short-term tasks for which he will have enough patience. Be sure to reward if he did them.
• Obtaining informative knowledge should be dosed. Take no more than 15 minutes for reading and preparing lessons per lesson. Let the child rest by inviting him to play, then return to the lessons.
• If the kid is used to being forgiven for all the pranks at home, then he will certainly face a negative attitude towards his tricks at school or kindergarten. Your help consists in an intelligible explanation to the kid of his wrong behavior. Discuss the conflict with him, find a solution to the situation.
• A good solution is to invite the child to keep a diary in which all his small victories will be reflected. Such a visual illustration of achievements will be a constructive help.

It is very important for parents to speak with the child on an equal footing, to explain their position, to increase his self-esteem. Thus, you can direct excess energy in a positive direction and gently correct the behavior of the baby.

Difficulties of social adaptation

Coming to a kindergarten or school, children with ADHD immediately fall into the list of "difficult" pupils. Hyperactive behavior is perceived by others as inadequate. Sometimes the situation develops in such a way that parents are forced to change schools or kindergartens. You have to teach your child to be tolerant, flexible, polite, friendly - only such qualities will help him in social adaptation.

Tips for teachers and educators:

• keep a hyperactive student in sight at all times;
• put him in the first or second desk;
• try not to put emphasis on the behavior of such a child;
• often praise for success, but do not do it without a reason;
• involve in the life of the team, make simple requests: wipe the blackboard, bring a cool magazine, put notebooks on desks, water flowers.

Turning to the advice of Dr. Komarovsky, we note that he offers complex tasks for such children to turn into a kind of mosaic. Break the cleaning of the room into separate tasks: put away the toys and relax, spread out the books and relax.

Tips for parents:

• protect the interests of your son or daughter, but do not allow open confrontation with teachers;
• listen and take into account the opinions of teachers about your child, an objective view from the outside will help you better understand him;
• never punish the baby in front of strangers, especially with peers and teachers;
• help with adaptation actions, invite his friends to visit, take part in school holidays and competitions with him.

Dr. Komarovsky recommends getting any pet for a child with attention deficit. Caring for a friend will help him become more collected and attentive. Only with complex forms of incorrect behavior, doctors resort to medical methods of correcting the disease. Most children are shown psychological correction, which is carried out in close cooperation with their parents.

or ADHD is the most common cause of behavioral problems and learning problems in preschool and school children.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in a child- a developmental disorder that manifests itself in a violation of behavior. A child with ADHD is restless, shows “stupid” activity, cannot sit in class at school or kindergarten, and will not do what he is not interested in. He interrupts the elders, plays in the classroom, goes about his own business, can crawl under the desk. At the same time, the child correctly perceives the environment. He hears and understands all the instructions of the elders, but cannot follow their instructions due to impulsiveness. Despite the fact that the child understood the task, he cannot complete what he started, he is not able to plan and foresee the consequences of his actions. Associated with this is a high risk of domestic injury, getting lost.

Neurologists consider attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in a child as a neurological disease. Its manifestations are not the result of improper upbringing, neglect or permissiveness, they are a consequence of the special work of the brain.

Prevalence. ADHD is found in 3-5% of children. Of these, 30% "outgrow" the disease after 14 years, another 40% adapt to it and learn to smooth out its manifestations. Among adults, this syndrome is found in only 1%.

Boys are diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder 3-5 times more often than girls. Moreover, in boys, the syndrome is more often manifested by destructive behavior (disobedience and aggression), and in girls by inattention. According to some studies, fair-haired and blue-eyed Europeans are more susceptible to the disease. Interestingly, in different countries, the incidence varies significantly. Thus, studies conducted in London and Tennessee revealed ADHD in 17% of children.

Types of ADHD

• Attention deficit and hyperactivity are equally pronounced;
• Attention deficit predominates, and impulsivity and hyperactivity appear slightly;
• Hyperactivity and impulsivity predominate, attention is slightly impaired.

Treatment. The main methods are pedagogical measures and psychological correction. Drug treatment is used in cases where other methods have been ineffective, since the drugs used have side effects.
If you leave attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in a child untreated increases the risk of developing:

• dependence on alcohol, narcotic substances, psychotropic drugs;
• difficulties with the assimilation of information that disrupt the learning process;
• high anxiety, which comes to replace physical activity;
• tics - repetitive muscle twitches.
• headaches;
• antisocial changes - a tendency to hooliganism, theft.

Controversial moments. A number of leading experts in the field of medicine and public organizations, including the Citizens Commission on Human Rights, deny the existence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in a child. From their point of view, the manifestations of ADHD are considered a feature of temperament and character, and therefore are not subject to treatment. They can be a manifestation of natural mobility and curiosity for an active child, or protest behavior that occurs in response to a traumatic situation - abuse, loneliness, divorce of parents.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in a child, causes

Cause of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children cannot be installed. Scientists are convinced that the disease provokes a combination of several factors that disrupt the functioning of the nervous system.

1. Factors that disrupt the formation of the nervous system in the fetus, which can lead to oxygen starvation or hemorrhage into the brain tissue:

• environmental pollution, high content of harmful substances in the air, water, food;
• taking medications by a woman during pregnancy;
• exposure to alcohol, drugs, nicotine;
• infections carried by the mother during pregnancy;
• Rh factor conflict - immunological incompatibility;
• risk of miscarriage ;
• fetal asphyxia;
• cord entanglement;
• complicated or rapid childbirth, leading to injury to the head or spine of the fetus.

1. Factors that disrupt brain function in infancy

• diseases accompanied by a temperature above 39-40 degrees;
• taking certain drugs that have a neurotoxic effect;
• bronchial asthma, pneumonia;
• severe kidney disease;
• heart failure, heart disease.

1. Genetic factors. According to this theory, 80% of cases of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder are associated with disorders in the gene that regulates the release of dopamine and the work of dopamine receptors. The result is a violation of the transmission of bioelectric impulses between brain cells. Moreover, the disease manifests itself if, in addition to genetic abnormalities, there are unfavorable environmental factors.

Neurologists believe that these factors can cause damage in limited areas of the brain. In this regard, some mental functions (for example, volitional control over impulses and emotions) develop inconsistently, with a delay, which causes manifestations of the disease. This confirms the fact that in children with ADHD, a violation of metabolic processes and bioelectrical activity in the anterior parts of the frontal lobes of the brain was found.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in a child, symptoms

A child with ADHD equally shows hyperactivity and inattention at home, in kindergarten, visiting strangers. There are no situations in which the baby would behave calmly. In this he differs from the usual active child.

Signs of ADHD at an early age

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in a child, symptoms which are most pronounced at 5-12 years old, can be recognized at an earlier age.

• Early they begin to hold their heads, sit, crawl, walk.
• Experiencing trouble falling asleep, sleeping less than normal.
• If they get tired, they do not engage in a calm type of activity, do not fall asleep on their own, but fall into hysterics.
• Very sensitive to loud noises, bright lights, strangers, changes in scenery. These factors cause them to cry loudly.
• Throw away toys before they even had a chance to see them.

These signs may indicate a tendency to ADHD, but they are also present in many restless children under 3 years of age.
ADHD also affects the functioning of the body. The child often experiences digestive problems. Diarrhea is the result of excessive stimulation of the intestines by the autonomic nervous system. Allergic reactions and skin rashes appear more often than in peers.

Main symptoms

1. Attention disorder

• R the child has difficulty concentrating on one subject or activity. He does not pay attention to details, unable to distinguish the main from the secondary. The child tries to do all the things at the same time: he paints all the details without finishing, reads the text, jumping over the line. This is due to the fact that he does not know how to plan. When performing tasks together, explain: “First we will do one thing, then another.”
• The child, under any pretext, tries to avoid routine matters, lessons, creativity. This may be a quiet protest when the child runs away and hides, or a tantrum with screams and tears.
• There is a cyclical nature of attention. A preschooler can do one thing for 3-5 minutes, a child of primary school age up to 10 minutes. Then, over the same period, the nervous system restores the resource. Often at this time it seems that the child does not hear the speech addressed to him. Then the cycle repeats.
• Attention can only be focused if you are left alone with the child. The child is more attentive and obedient if the room is quiet and there are no irritants, toys, other people.

1. Hyperactivity

• The child makes a large number of inappropriate movements, most of which he does not notice. A hallmark of motor activity in ADHD is its aimlessness. This can be rotation of the hands and feet, running, jumping, tapping on the table or on the floor. The child runs, not walks. Climbing on furniture . Breaks toys.
• Talking too loud and fast. He answers without listening to the question. Shouts out an answer, interrupting the answerer. He speaks in unfinished phrases, jumping from one thought to another. Swallows the endings of words and sentences. Constantly asks again. His statements are often thoughtless, they provoke and offend others.
• Mimicry is very expressive. The face expresses emotions that quickly appear and disappear - anger, surprise, joy. Sometimes he grimaces for no apparent reason.

It has been established that motor activity in children with ADHD stimulates the brain structures responsible for thinking and self-control. That is, while the child runs, knocks and disassembles objects, his brain is improving. New neural connections are established in the cortex, which will further improve the functioning of the nervous system and save the child from the manifestations of the disease.

1. Impulsiveness

• Guided solely by their own desires and execute them immediately. Acts on the first impulse, without considering the consequences and without planning. For a child, there are no situations in which he must sit quietly. In the classroom in kindergarten or at school, he jumps up and runs to the window, into the corridor, makes noise, shouts from his place. Takes the favorite thing from peers.
• Can't follow instructions, especially those with multiple items. The child constantly has new desires (impulses) that prevent him from completing the work he has begun (doing homework, collecting toys).
• Unable to wait or endure. He must immediately get or do what he wants. If this does not happen, he makes a row, switches to other things or performs aimless actions. This is clearly noticeable in class or when waiting for your turn.
• Mood swings happen every few minutes. The child goes from laughing to crying. Short temper is especially characteristic of children with ADHD. Angry, the child throws objects, may start a fight or ruin the offender's things. He will do it at once, without thinking or hatching a plan of revenge.
• The child does not feel threatened. He can do things that are dangerous to health and life: climb to a height, walk through abandoned buildings, go out on thin ice, because he wanted to do it. This property leads to a high level of trauma in children with ADHD.

The manifestations of the disease are due to the fact that the nervous system of a child with ADHD is too vulnerable. She is not able to master the large amount of information coming from the outside world. Excessive activity and lack of attention is an attempt to protect yourself from an unbearable load on the National Assembly.

Additional symptoms

• Difficulties in learning with a normal level of intelligence. The child may have difficulty writing and reading. At the same time, he does not perceive individual letters and sounds or does not fully master this skill. The inability to learn arithmetic may be an independent impairment or accompany problems with reading and writing.
• Communication disorders. A child with ADHD may be obsessive towards peers and unfamiliar adults. He can be too emotional or even aggressive, which makes it difficult to communicate and establish friendly contacts.
• Lag in emotional development. The child behaves excessively capriciously and emotionally. He does not tolerate criticism, failures, behaves unbalanced, "childishly". A pattern has been established that with ADHD there is a 30% lag in emotional development. For example, a 10-year-old child behaves like a 7-year-old, although he is intellectually developed no worse than his peers.
• Negative self-esteem. The child hears a huge number of remarks during the day. If at the same time he is also compared with his peers: “Look how well Masha behaves!” this makes the situation worse. Criticism and claims convince the child that he is worse than others, bad, stupid, restless. This makes the child unhappy, distant, aggressive, instills hatred for others.

Manifestations of attention deficit disorder are due to the fact that the child's nervous system is too vulnerable. She is not able to master the large amount of information coming from the outside world. Excessive activity and lack of attention is an attempt to protect yourself from an unbearable load on the National Assembly.

Positive qualities of children with ADHD

• Active, active;
• Easily read the mood of the interlocutor;
• Ready for self-sacrifice for the people they like;
• Not vindictive, unable to hold a grudge;
• Fearless, they are not characterized by most childhood fears.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in a child, diagnosis

Diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder may include several stages:

1. Collection of information - interview with the child, conversation with parents, diagnostic questionnaires.
2. Neuropsychological examination.
3. Pediatric consultation.

As a rule, a neurologist or psychiatrist makes a diagnosis based on a conversation with a child, after analyzing information from parents, caregivers and teachers.

1. Collection of information

The specialist receives most of the information during a conversation with the child and observing his behavior. With children, the conversation takes place orally. When working with adolescents, the doctor may ask you to fill out a questionnaire that resembles a test. Information received from parents and teachers helps complete the picture.

Diagnostic questionnaire is a list of questions designed to gather as much information about the child's behavior and mental state as possible. It usually takes the form of a multiple choice test. To identify ADHD are used:

• Vanderbilt Adolescent ADHD Diagnostic Questionnaire. There are versions for parents, teachers.
• Parental symptomatic questionnaire of ADHD manifestations;
• Structured questionnaire Conners.

According to the international classification of diseases ICD-10 diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in a child is set when the following symptoms are detected:

• Violation of adaptation. It is expressed by a discrepancy with the characteristics normal for this age;
• Violation of attention, when the child cannot focus his attention on one subject;
• impulsivity and hyperactivity;
• The development of the first symptoms before the age of 7 years;
• Violation of adaptation manifests itself in various situations (in kindergarten, school, at home), while the intellectual development of the child corresponds to age;
• These symptoms persist for 6 months or more.

The doctor has the right to diagnose "Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder" if the child has at least 6 symptoms of inattention and at least 6 symptoms of impulsivity and hyperactivity detected and followed for 6 months or more. These signs appear in constantly, not from time to time. They are so pronounced that they interfere with the child's learning and daily activities.

Signs of inattention

• Doesn't pay attention to details. In his work, he makes a large number of mistakes due to negligence and frivolity.
• Easily distracted.
• Difficulty concentrating when playing and performing tasks.
• Does not listen to speech addressed to him.
• Unable to complete the task, do homework. Can't follow instructions.
• Has difficulty doing independent work. Needs guidance and supervision from an adult.
• Resists performing tasks that require prolonged mental effort: homework, tasks of a teacher or psychologist. Avoids such work under various reasons, shows dissatisfaction.
• Often loses things.
• In daily activities shows forgetfulness and absent-mindedness.

Signs of impulsivity and hyperactivity

• Makes a lot of unnecessary movements. Cannot sit comfortably in a chair. Spins, makes movements, with feet, hands, head.
• Cannot sit or remain still in situations where it is necessary to do this - in a lesson, at a concert, in transport.
• Shows thoughtless motor activity in situations where this is unacceptable. He gets up, runs, spins, takes things without asking, tries to climb somewhere.
• Can't play well.
• Overly mobile.
• Too talkative.
• He answers without listening to the end of the question. Doesn't think before answering.
• Impatient. Hardly waiting for his turn.
• Interferes with others, sticks to people. Intervenes in a game or conversation.

Strictly speaking, the diagnosis of ADHD is based on the subjective opinion of a specialist and his personal experience. Therefore, if the parents do not agree with the diagnosis, then it makes sense to contact another neurologist or psychiatrist who specializes in this problem.

1. Neuropsychological examination for ADHD

In order to study the features of the brain, the child is electroencephalographic examination (EEG). This is a measurement of the bioelectrical activity of the brain at rest or while performing tasks. To do this, the electrical activity of the brain is measured through the scalp. The procedure is painless and harmless.
For ADHD the beta rhythm is reduced, and the theta rhythm is increased. The ratio of theta rhythm and beta rhythm several times higher than normal. This suggests that the bioelectrical activity of the brain is reduced, that is, a smaller number of electrical impulses are generated and passed through the neurons, compared to the norm.

1. Pediatrician's consultation

Manifestations similar to ADHD can be caused by anemia, hyperthyroidism and other somatic diseases. A pediatrician can confirm or exclude them after a blood test for hormones and hemoglobin.
Note! As a rule, in addition to the diagnosis of ADHD, a neurologist indicates a number of other diagnoses in the child’s medical record:

• Minimal brain dysfunction(MMD) - mild neurological disorders that cause disturbances in motor functions, speech, behavior;
• Increased intracranial pressure(ICP) - increased pressure of the cerebrospinal fluid (cerebrospinal fluid), which is located in the ventricles of the brain, around it and in the spinal canal.
• Perinatal CNS damage- damage to the nervous system that occurred during pregnancy, childbirth or in the first days of life.

All these violations have similar manifestations, therefore they are often written in a complex. Such an entry in the card does not mean that the child has a large number of neurological diseases. On the contrary, the changes are minimal and can be corrected.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in a child, treatment

1. Medication treatment for ADHD

Medications are prescribed according to individual indications only if without them it is not possible to improve the behavior of the child.

Drug group	Representatives	The effect of taking medication
Psychostimulants	Levamphetamine, Dexamphetamine, Dexmethylphenidate	The production of neurotransmitters increases, due to which the bioelectric activity of the brain is normalized. Improve behavior, reduce impulsivity, aggressiveness, manifestations of depression.
Antidepressants, norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors	Atomoxetine. Desipramine, Bupropion	Reduce the reuptake of neurotransmitters (dopamine, serotonin). Their accumulation in synapses improves signal transmission between brain cells. Increase attention, reduce impulsivity.
Nootropic drugs	Cerebrolysin, Piracetam, Instenon, Gamma-aminobutyric acid	They improve metabolic processes in the brain tissue, its nutrition and oxygen supply, and the absorption of glucose by the brain. Increase the tone of the cerebral cortex. The effectiveness of these drugs has not been proven.
Sympathomimetics	Clonidine, Atomoxetine, Desipramine	Increase the tone of the brain vessels, improving blood circulation. Contribute to the normalization of intracranial pressure.

Treatment is carried out with low doses of drugs to minimize the risk of side effects and addiction. It has been proven that improvement occurs only at the time of taking the drugs. After their withdrawal, the symptoms reappear.

1. Physical therapy and massage for ADHD

This set of procedures is aimed at treating birth injuries of the head, cervical spine, relieving spasm of the neck muscles. This is necessary to normalize cerebral circulation and intracranial pressure. For ADHD apply:

• Physiotherapy aimed at strengthening the muscles of the neck and shoulder girdle. Must be done daily.
• Collar area massage courses of 10 procedures 2-3 times a year.
• Physiotherapy. Apply infrared irradiation (heating) spasmodic muscles using infrared rays. Paraffin heating is also used. 15-20 procedures 2 times a year. These procedures are well combined with massage of the collar zone.

Please note that these procedures can only be started after consultation with a neurologist and orthopedist.
Do not resort to the services of manual therapists. Treatment by an unqualified specialist, without a preliminary x-ray of the spine, can cause serious injury.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in a child, behavior correction

1. BOS-therapy (biofeedback method)

biofeedback therapy is a modern treatment method that normalizes the bioelectrical activity of the brain, eliminating the cause of ADHD. It has been effectively used to treat the syndrome for more than 40 years.

The human brain generates electrical impulses. They are divided depending on the frequency of oscillations per second and the amplitude of oscillations. The main ones are: alpha, beta, gamma, delta and theta waves. With ADHD, the activity of beta waves (beta rhythm) is reduced, which are associated with focusing attention, memory, and information processing. At the same time, the activity of theta waves (theta rhythm) increases, which indicate emotional stress, fatigue, aggressiveness and imbalance. There is a version that the theta rhythm contributes to the rapid assimilation of information and the development of creativity.

The task of biofeedback therapy is to normalize the bioelectrical oscillations of the brain - to stimulate the beta rhythm and reduce the theta rhythm to normal. For this, a specially developed hardware-software complex "BOS-LAB" is used.
Sensors are attached to certain places on the child's body. On the monitor, the child sees how his biorhythms behave and tries to change them arbitrarily. Also, biorhythms change during the performance of computer exercises. If the task is done correctly, then a sound signal sounds or a picture appears, which are an element of feedback. The procedure is painless, interesting and well tolerated by the child.
The effect of the procedure is increased attention, reduced impulsivity and hyperactivity. Improved performance and relationships with others.

The course consists of 15-25 sessions. Progress is noticeable after 3-4 procedures. The effectiveness of treatment reaches 95%. The effect persists for a long time, for 10 years or more. In some patients, biofeedback therapy completely eliminates the manifestations of the disease. Has no side effects.

1. Psychotherapeutic methods

The effectiveness of psychotherapy is significant, but progress may take from 2 months to several years. You can improve the result by combining various psychotherapeutic techniques, pedagogical measures of parents and teachers, physiotherapeutic methods and adherence to the daily routine.

1. Cognitive Behavioral Methods

The child, under the guidance of a psychologist, and then independently, forms various models of behavior. In the future, the most constructive, “correct” ones are chosen from them. In parallel, the psychologist helps the child to understand his inner world, emotions and desires.
Classes are held in the form of a conversation or a game, where the child is offered various roles - a student, a buyer, a friend or an opponent in a dispute with peers. Children act out the situation. Then the child is asked to determine how each of the participants feels. Did he do the right thing.

• Anger management skills and expressing your emotions in an acceptable way. What do you feel? What do you want? Now say it politely. What we can do?
• Constructive conflict resolution. The child is taught to negotiate, seek compromise, avoid quarrels or get out of them in a civilized manner. (If you don’t want to share - offer another toy. You are not accepted into the game - come up with an interesting activity and offer it to others). It is important to teach the child to speak calmly, to listen to the interlocutor, to clearly articulate what he wants.
• Appropriate ways of communicating with the teacher and with peers. As a rule, the child knows the rules of behavior, but does not follow them because of impulsiveness. Under the guidance of a psychologist in the game, the child improves communication skills.
• Correct methods of behavior in public places - in kindergarten, at the lesson, in the store, at the doctor's office, etc. mastered in the form of "theater".

The effectiveness of the method is significant. The result appears in 2-4 months.

1. play therapy

In the form of a game that is pleasant for the child, the formation of perseverance and attentiveness, learning to control hyperactivity and increased emotionality takes place.
The psychologist individually selects a set of games based on the symptoms of ADHD. At the same time, he can change their rules if the child is too easy or hard.
Play therapy at first is carried out individually, then it can become a group or family. Also, games can be "homework", or conducted by the teacher during the five-minute lesson.

• Games for the development of attention. Find 5 differences in the picture. Define the scent. Identify the object by touch with your eyes closed. Broken phone.
• Games for the development of perseverance and the fight against disinhibition. Hide and Seek. Silent. Sort items by color/size/shape.
• Games for the control of motor activity. Throwing the ball at a set pace that gradually increases. Siamese twins, when children in a pair, hugging each other by the waist, must complete tasks - clap their hands, run.
• Games to relieve muscle clamps and emotional stress. Aimed at the physical and emotional relaxation of the child. "Humpty Dumpty" for alternate relaxation of various muscle groups.
• Games for the development of memory and overcoming impulsivity."Speak!" - the facilitator asks simple questions. But you can answer them only after the command “Speak!”, Before which he pauses for a few seconds.
• Computer games, which simultaneously develop perseverance, attention and restraint.

1. Art therapy

Engaging in various types of art reduces fatigue and anxiety, frees from negative emotions, improves adaptation, allows you to realize your talents and raise your child's self-esteem. It helps to develop internal control and perseverance, improves the relationship between the child and the parent or psychologist.

Interpreting the results of the child's work, the psychologist gets an idea about his inner world, mental conflicts and problems.

• Drawing colored pencils, finger paints or watercolors. Sheets of paper of different sizes are used. The child can choose the plot of the drawing himself or the psychologist can suggest a topic - “At school”, “My family”.
• sand therapy. You need a sandbox with clean, moistened sand and a set of various molds, including human figures, vehicles, houses, etc. The child himself decides what exactly he wants to reproduce. Often he plays up stories that disturb him unconsciously, but he cannot convey this to adults.
• Modeling from clay or plasticine. The child sculpts figures from plasticine on a given topic - funny animals, my friend, my pet. classes contribute to the development of fine motor skills and brain functions.
• Listening to music and playing musical instruments. Rhythmic dance music is recommended for girls, and marching music for boys. Music relieves emotional stress, increases perseverance and attention.

The effectiveness of art therapy is average. It is a helper method. Can be used to establish contact with the child or for relaxation.

1. Family therapy and work with teachers.

The psychologist informs adults about the developmental features of a child with ADHD. He talks about effective methods of work, forms of influence on the child, how to form a system of rewards and sanctions, how to convey to the child the need to fulfill duties and comply with prohibitions. This reduces the number of conflicts, makes training and education easier for all its participants.
When working with a child, a psychologist draws up a psycho-correction program for several months. At the first sessions, he establishes contact with the child and conducts diagnostics to determine how pronounced inattention, impulsiveness and aggressiveness are. Taking into account individual characteristics, he draws up a correction program, gradually introducing various psychotherapeutic techniques and complicating tasks. Therefore, parents should not expect drastic changes after the first meetings.

1. Pedagogical measures

Parents and teachers need to be aware of the cyclical nature of the brain in children with ADHD. On average, a child assimilates information for 7-10 minutes, then the brain needs 3-7 minutes to recover and rest. This feature must be used in the process of learning, doing homework and in any other activity. For example, give your child tasks that he will have time to complete in 5-7 minutes.

Proper parenting is the main way to deal with the symptoms of ADHD. Whether the child “outgrows” this problem and how successful it will be in adulthood depends on the behavior of the parents.

• Be patient, keep self-control. Avoid criticism. Peculiarities in the behavior of the child are not his fault and not yours. Insults and physical violence are unacceptable.
• Communicate expressively with your child. Expressions of emotion in facial expressions and voice will help to keep his attention. For the same reason, it is important to look into the eyes of the child.
• Use physical contact. Hold the hand, stroke, hug, use massage elements when communicating with the child. It has a calming effect and helps to focus.
• Provide clear control of the execution of tasks. The child does not have sufficient willpower to complete what he started, he is tempted to stop halfway. Knowing that an adult will supervise the task will help him see it through to the end. Will provide discipline and self-control in the future.
• Set challenging tasks for your child. If he is not up to the task that you have set for him, then next time simplify it. If yesterday he did not have the patience to put away all the toys, then today ask him only to collect the cubes in a box.
• Set the child a task in the form of short instructions. Give one task at a time: "Brush your teeth." When this is completed, ask to wash.
• Take breaks of a few minutes between each activity. Collected toys, rested for 5 minutes, went to wash.
• Allow your child to be physically active during class. If he waves his legs, twists various objects in his hands, shifts near the table, this improves his thought process. If you limit this small activity, then the child's brain will fall into a stupor and will not be able to perceive information.
• Praise for every success. Do it one on one and with your family. The child has low self-esteem. He often hears how bad he is. Therefore, praise is vital to him. It encourages the child to be disciplined, to put even more effort and perseverance in completing tasks. Well, if the praise is visual. These can be chips, tokens, stickers, cards that the child can count at the end of the day. Change "rewards" from time to time. Forfeiting a reward is an effective form of punishment. He must follow immediately after the offense.
• Be consistent in your requirements. If you can not watch TV for a long time, then do not make exceptions when you have guests or your mother is tired.
• Warn your child about what's to come. It is difficult for him to interrupt activities that are interesting. Therefore, 5-10 minutes before the end of the game, warn that he will soon finish playing and collect toys.
• Learn to plan. Together, make a list of tasks that need to be done today, and then cross off what you have done.
• Make a daily routine and stick to it. This will teach the child to plan, distribute their time and anticipate what will happen in the near future. This develops the work of the frontal lobes and creates a sense of security.
• Encourage your child to play sports. Martial arts, swimming, athletics, cycling will be especially useful. They will direct the activity of the child in the right useful direction. Team sports (football, volleyball) can be difficult. Traumatic sports (judo, boxing) can increase the level of aggressiveness.
• Try different types of activities. The more you offer your child, the higher the chance that he will find his hobby, which will help him become more diligent and attentive. This will build his self-esteem and improve relationships with peers.
• Protect from prolonged viewing TV and computer seats. The approximate norm is 10 minutes for each year of life. So a 6-year-old child should not watch TV for more than an hour.

Remember, if your child has been diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, this does not mean that he is behind his peers in intellectual development. The diagnosis only indicates the borderline state between the norm and deviation. Parents will have to make more efforts, show a lot of patience in education, and in most cases, after 14 years, the child will “outgrow” this condition.

Often children with ADHD have high IQs and are referred to as "indigo children". If a child becomes interested in something specific in adolescence, then he will direct all his energy to it and bring it to perfection. If this hobby develops into a profession, then success is guaranteed. This is proved by the fact that most of the big businessmen and prominent scientists in childhood suffered from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

At the site "Our inattentive hyperactive children", when the most active parents from among the members of the forum decided to unite in order to help their own and other people's children and other parents together.

In fact, it has been operating since the autumn of 2006, and was registered in the spring of 2007 with the organizational and financial support of the Attention Program of the Russian office of the British Charities Aid Foundation. Now Impulse includes parents living in Moscow and the Moscow region, and work is underway to open branches in St. Petersburg and Arkhangelsk. The organization includes about 40 families where children grow up with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and other learning and behavioral problems.

What does a child with ADHD need?

Families that are part of the organization and come to the site and forum are united not only by a common diagnosis (diagnoses may just differ), but also by common problems. Inattentive, hyperactive, impulsive children urgently need adequate medical and educational assistance, proper upbringing at home and opportunities for self-realization - including in circles and sections. However, children are often deprived of all this.

Typical problems of a family where a child with ADHD grows up

• Misunderstanding of the child's difficulties in society, family, school
• Frequent conflicts
• Social isolation of the child and family
• Violation of the child's right to education
• Uncoordinated work of specialists
• Unavailability of help
• Insufficiency of information

Most often, the family is left alone with their problems. We are trying to solve them together.

Mom's troubles

It is especially difficult for mothers who single-handedly create and coordinate a treatment and correction plan for a child, without possessing the knowledge and methods necessary for this. Mothers are most often met with judgment from others and carry a heavy burden of responsibility and guilt; mothers of children with ADHD are significantly more likely than others to suffer from depression.

Helping a child is impossible without the help of a mother. To relieve her of despair, to give her confidence in her strength and ability, to equip her with knowledge, to help her find joy in everyday life with a difficult child is one of our main goals.

Our main areas of work

• Informational and moral support for families of children with ADHD and other learning and behavioral problems
• Educational work
• Human rights activities
• Children's programs

What we can

• Publication of information materials and their distribution to parents
• Organization of events (including lectures, seminars, consultations, etc.)
• Collection and analysis of information in families, identification of the most important problems and key needs
• Exchange of experience with similar foreign organizations, analysis of their experience

What is already being done

• Lectures by specialists for parents
• Support groups with the participation of a psychologist
• Regular exchange of experience: online and offline meetings
• Online consultations of specialists (including permanently consulting psychologist)
• Children's activities
• Legal training for parents is planned.

Areas of cooperation with professionals: where we need help

• Conducting lectures, seminars, information campaigns for parents
• Expert assistance in the development of programs and materials
• Direct work with families

Where do we need volunteer help?

• Organizational work on projects
• Help of a lawyer

Information about upcoming and past Impulse events - lectures, seminars, consultations, meetings, joint trips - is posted on the forum in the Events Calendar section.

You can contact us by mail: [email protected]

Unfortunately, the organization does not yet have a permanent premises and a landline phone. But we are always in touch via the Internet.

ADHD (diagnosis by a neurologist) - what is it? This topic is of interest to many modern parents. For childless families and people who are far from children in principle, this issue is not so important. The named diagnosis is a fairly common chronic condition. It occurs in both adults and children. But at the same time, attention should be paid primarily to the fact that minors are more susceptible to the negative influence of the syndrome. For adults, ADHD is not so dangerous. Nevertheless, sometimes it is useful to understand such a common diagnosis. What does he represent? Is it possible to somehow get rid of such a disorder? Why does it appear? All of this really needs to be sorted out. It should be noted right away - if there are suspicions of hyperactivity in a child, this should not be ignored. Otherwise, until the moment of entry into adulthood, the baby will have some problems. Not the most serious, but they will bring trouble to the child, and parents, and people around them.

Syndrome Definition

ADHD (diagnosis by a neurologist) - what is it? It has already been said that this is the name of a neurological-behavioral disorder common throughout the world. It stands for "syndrome and hyperactivity". In common parlance, this syndrome is often referred to simply as hyperactivity.

ADHD (diagnosis by a neurologist) - what is it from a medical point of view? The syndrome is a special work of the human body, in which there is a disorder of attention. We can say that this is absent-mindedness, restlessness and the inability to concentrate on anything.

In principle, not the most dangerous disorder. This diagnosis is not a sentence. In childhood, hyperactivity can cause a lot of trouble. But in adult life, as a rule, ADHD fades into the background.

The studied disease is most often found in children of preschool and school age. Many parents believe that ADHD is a real death sentence, an end to a child's life. In fact, as already mentioned, this is not the case. In fact, hyperactivity is treatable. And again, for an adult, this syndrome will not cause so many problems. Therefore, you should not panic and upset.

Causes

Diagnosis of ADHD in a child - what is it? The concept has already been disclosed previously. But why does this phenomenon occur? What should parents pay attention to?

Doctors still cannot say for sure why a child or an adult develops hyperactivity. The fact is that there are many options for its development. Among them are the following:

1. Complicated pregnancy of the mother. This also includes difficult births. According to statistics, children whose mothers gave birth according to a non-standard option are more likely to be affected by this syndrome.
2. The presence of chronic diseases in the child.
3. Severe emotional shock or change in a person's life. Particularly the baby. It doesn't matter if it was good or bad.
4. Heredity. This is the option most often considered. If the parents had hyperactivity, then it is not excluded in the child.
5. Lack of attention. Modern parents are constantly busy. Therefore, children quite often suffer from ADHD precisely because of the fact that this is how the body reacts to the lack of parental care.

Hyperactivity should not be confused with being spoiled. These are completely different concepts. The diagnosis being studied is not a sentence, but omissions in education quite often cannot be corrected.

Manifestations

Now it’s a little clear why Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder occurs. Its symptoms are clearly visible in children. But not the little ones. It should be remembered that babies under 3 years old cannot be diagnosed appropriately. Because these are normal.

How does ADHD manifest itself? The following distinguishing features that are found in children can be distinguished:

1. The child is too active. He runs and jumps all day without any purpose. That is, to just run and jump.
2. The baby is observed. It is very difficult for him to concentrate on anything. It should also be noted that the child will be extremely restless.
3. Schoolchildren often have poor school performance. Poor grades are the result of problems concentrating on tasks. But as a sign, such a phenomenon is also distinguished.
4. Aggression. The baby may be aggressive. Sometimes it's just unbearable.
5. Disobedience. Another seems to understand that he should calm down, but he cannot do this. Or generally ignores any comments addressed to him.

This is how you define ADHD. Symptoms in children resemble spoilage. Or banal disobedience. That is why at the first signs it is recommended to consult a doctor. But more on that later. First, it is worth understanding how the studied condition manifests itself in adults.

Symptoms in adults

Why? ADHD is diagnosed without much problem in children. But, as already mentioned, it is not so easy to detect it in an adult. After all, he seems to fade into the background. It takes place, but does not play an important role. ADHD in adults can often be confused with, for example, an emotional disorder. Therefore, it is recommended to pay attention to some common symptoms.

Among them are the following components:

• the first person begins to conflict over trifles;
• there are unreasonable and sharp outbursts of anger;
• when talking with someone, a person "hovers in the clouds";
• easily distracted while performing a task;
• even during intercourse, a person can be distracted;
• there is a failure to fulfill previous promises.

All of these points to the presence of ADHD. Not necessarily, but it is a possibility. You need to see a doctor for a complete examination. And if the diagnosis of ADHD in adults is confirmed, a course of treatment will be required. If you follow the recommendations, you can quickly get rid of the disorder. True, in the case of children, you will have to show perseverance and determination. Childhood hyperactivity is difficult to treat.

Who to contact

The next question is which specialist to contact? At the moment, medicine has a huge number of doctors. Which of them is able to make the correct diagnosis? Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults and children can be recognized by:

• neurologists (it is to them that they come with the disease most often);
• psychologists;
• psychiatrists;
• social workers.

This also includes family doctors. It should be noted that social workers and psychologists only make a diagnosis. But they do not have the right to prescribe medication. It's not in their jurisdiction. Therefore, most often parents and already adults simply go for a consultation with neurologists.

About diagnostics

Recognition with hyperactivity (ADHD) occurs in several stages. An experienced doctor will definitely follow a certain algorithm.

At the very beginning, you need to tell about yourself. If we are talking about children, the doctor asks to make a psychological portrait of a minor. The story will also need to include details of the patient's life and behavior.

The next step is the appointment of additional studies. For example, a neurologist may ask for an ultrasound of the brain and tomography. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults and children in these pictures will be clearly visible. With the disease being studied, the work of the brain changes slightly. And this is reflected in the results of ultrasound.

Perhaps that's all. In addition, the neurologist will study the patient's disease map. After all of the above, a diagnosis is made. And, accordingly, treatment is prescribed. Correction of ADHD is a very long process. In any case, in children. Treatment is prescribed differently. It all depends on the cause of hyperactivity.

Medicines

Now it’s clear what the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is. Treatment, as already mentioned, for children and adults is prescribed varied. The first method is medical correction. As a rule, this option is not suitable for very young children.

What can be prescribed for a child or adult diagnosed with ADHD? Nothing dangerous. As a rule, among the medicines there are only vitamins, as well as sedatives. Sometimes antidepressants. Signs of ADHD are eliminated in this way quite successfully.

No other essential drugs are prescribed. All pills and drugs prescribed by a neurologist are aimed at calming the nervous system. Therefore, you should not be afraid of the prescribed sedative. Regular intake - and soon the disease will pass. Not a panacea, but this kind of solution works quite effectively.

Folk methods

Some people do not trust the action of medicines. Therefore, you can consult a neurologist and use alternative methods of treatment. They often turn out to be no less effective than pills.

What can be advised if ADHD is observed? Symptoms in children and adults can be relieved by taking:

• chamomile tea;
• sage;
• calendula.

Baths with essential oils help well, as well as salt with a calming effect. Children can be given warm milk with honey at night. However, the medical effectiveness of these techniques has not been proven. The person will act at their own peril and risk. However, many adults refuse any treatment for ADHD in themselves. But in the case of children, as already mentioned, the problem under study should not be overlooked.

Treatment of children without pills

What other treatments are available for ADHD? The drugs prescribed by doctors are, as already mentioned, sedatives. Something like Novopassit. Not all parents are ready to give their children this kind of pills. Some point out that sedatives are addictive. And by getting rid of ADHD in this way, it is possible to provide the child with dependence on antidepressants. Agree, not the best solution!

Fortunately, in children, hyperactivity can be corrected even without pills. The only thing to consider: parents must be patient. After all, hyperactivity is not quickly treated. And this must be remembered.

1. Spend more time with children. Especially if hyperactivity is a consequence of a lack of attention from parents. It's good when one of the parents can stay "on maternity leave". That is, not to work, but to deal with the child.
2. Send the baby to educational circles. A good way to increase the attention of the child, as well as to develop him comprehensively. You can even find specialized centers that organize classes for children with hyperactivity. Now this is not such a rarity.
3. Students need to do more. But do not force him to sit for days on homework. It should also be understood that poor grades are a consequence of ADHD. And scolding a child for it is at least cruel.
4. If you need to find a use for his energy. In other words, sign up for some sports activities. Or just give a day to run enough. The idea with sections interests parents the most. A good way to spend time usefully, and at the same time throw out the accumulated energy.
5. Calmness is another point that should take place. The fact is that when correcting ADHD in children who show aggression, parents scold them for bad behavior, and as a result, they cannot cope with the child's condition. Only in a calm environment is it possible to heal.
6. The last point that helps parents is to support the child's hobbies. If the baby is interested in something, it must be supported. Do not confuse this with permissiveness. But it is not necessary to suppress the desire of children to explore the world, even if it is too active. You can try to interest the baby in some more peaceful activity. Things that you can do with your child help a lot.

By following these rules, parents have a high likelihood of success in treating ADHD in children. Rapid progress, as already mentioned, will not come. Sometimes it takes up to several years to correct. If you start treatment on time, you can easily defeat such a chronic condition completely.

conclusions

Diagnosis of ADHD in a child - what is it? What about an adult? The answers to these questions are already known. In fact, you should not be afraid of the syndrome. No one is safe from him. But with timely access to a specialist, as practice shows, there is a high probability of successful treatment.

Self-medication is not recommended. Only a neurologist is able to prescribe the most effective therapy, which will be selected on an individual basis, based on the reasons that led to the diagnosis. If a doctor prescribes a sedative for a very young child, it is better to show the baby to another specialist. It is possible that parents communicate with a non-professional who is not able to distinguish spoiled from ADHD.

It is not necessary to get angry at the child and scold him for his activity. Punish and intimidate - too. Under any circumstances, it should be remembered that hyperactivity is not a sentence. And in adulthood, this syndrome is not so noticeable. Often with age, hyperactive behavior normalizes on its own. But it can show up at any time.

In fact, ADHD is observed most often in schoolchildren. And do not consider it a shame or some kind of terrible sentence. Children with hyperactivity are often more talented than their peers. The only thing that prevents them from succeeding is the problem of concentration. And if you help to solve it, the child will please his parents more than once. ADHD (diagnosis by a neurologist) - what is it? which does not surprise modern doctors and is corrected with the right treatment!