Tertiary syphilis. Stages of development of syphilis: how the disease manifests itself Syphilis stage 3

The third period of syphilis, developing in insufficiently treated patients or patients who did not undergo treatment at all. It manifests itself in the formation of syphilitic infiltrates (granulomas) in the skin, mucous membranes, bones and internal organs. Granulomas in tertiary syphilis compress and destroy the tissues in which they are located, which can lead to a fatal outcome of the disease. Diagnosis of tertiary syphilis includes a clinical examination of the patient, serological and immunological reactions, examination of affected systems and organs. Tertiary syphilis is treated with courses of penicillin-bismuth treatment with the additional use of symptomatic and restorative drugs.

General information

Currently, tertiary syphilis is a rare form of syphilis, since in modern venereology the detection and treatment of most cases of the disease occurs at the stage of primary or secondary syphilis. Tertiary syphilis can occur in patients who have undergone an incomplete course of treatment or who have received drugs in insufficient dosages. If syphilis is untreated (for example, due to undiagnosed latent syphilis), approximately one third of those affected develop tertiary syphilis. Factors predisposing to the occurrence of tertiary syphilis are concomitant chronic intoxications and diseases, alcoholism, senility and childhood.

A patient with tertiary syphilis is practically not contagious, since the few treponemes in his body are located deep inside the granulomas and die when they disintegrate.

Symptoms of tertiary syphilis

Previously, the literature indicated that tertiary syphilis develops 4-5 years after infection with Treponema pallidum. However, data from recent years indicate that this period has increased to 8-10 years. Tertiary syphilis is characterized by a long course with long latent periods, sometimes taking several years.

Skin lesions in tertiary syphilis - tertiary syphilides - develop over months and even years without signs of inflammation or any subjective sensations. Unlike elements of secondary syphilis, they are located in a limited area of ​​the skin and slowly regress, leaving behind scars. Manifestations of tertiary syphilis include tubercular and gummous syphilide.

Tuberous syphilide is an infiltrative nodule formed in the dermis, slightly protruding above the surface of the skin, having a size of 5-7 mm, red-brown color and dense consistency. Typically, with tertiary syphilis, rashes of nodules occur in waves and asymmetrically on a local area of ​​the skin, while individual elements are at different stages of their development and do not merge with each other. Over time, tubercular syphilide undergoes necrosis with the formation of a round ulcer with smooth edges, an infiltrated base and a smooth, clean bottom. Healing of a tertiary syphilis ulcer takes weeks and months, after which an area of ​​atrophy or a scar with hyperpigmentation along the edge remains on the skin. Scars that appear as a result of the resolution of several grouped tuberculate syphilides form a picture of a single mosaic scar. Repeated rashes of tertiary syphilis never occur in the area of ​​scars.

Gummy syphilide (syphilitic gumma) is more often single; the formation of several gummas in one patient is less common. Gumma is a painless node located in the subcutaneous tissue. The most common localization of tertiary syphilis gummas is the forehead, the anterior surface of the legs and forearms, and the area of ​​the knee and elbow joints. Initially, the node is mobile and not fused to adjacent tissues. It gradually increases in size and loses mobility due to fusion with the surrounding tissues. Then a hole appears in the middle of the node, through which the gelatinous fluid is separated. Slow enlargement of the hole leads to the formation of an ulcer with crater-shaped breaking edges. At the bottom of the ulcer a necrotic core is visible, after which the ulcer heals with the formation of a star-shaped retracted scar. Sometimes with tertiary syphilis, resolution of the gumma is observed without turning into an ulcer. In such cases, there is a reduction in the node and its replacement with dense connective tissue.

With tertiary syphilis, gummous ulcers can involve not only the skin and subcutaneous tissue, but also the underlying cartilaginous, bone, vascular, and muscle tissues, which leads to their destruction. Gummy syphilides can be located on the mucous membranes. Most often this is the mucous membrane of the nose, tongue, soft palate and pharynx. Tertiary syphilis infection of the nasal mucosa leads to the development of rhinitis with purulent discharge and impaired nasal breathing, then destruction of the nasal cartilage occurs with the formation of a characteristic saddle-shaped deformation, and nosebleeds are possible. When tertiary syphilis affects the mucous membrane of the tongue, glossitis develops with difficulty speaking and chewing food. Lesions of the soft palate and pharynx lead to a nasal voice and food entering the nose when chewing.

Disorders of somatic organs and systems caused by tertiary syphilis are observed on average 10-12 years after infection. In 90% of cases, tertiary syphilis occurs with damage to the cardiovascular system in the form of myocarditis or aortitis. Lesions of the skeletal system in tertiary syphilis can manifest as osteoporosis or osteomyelitis, liver damage - chronic hepatitis, stomach - gastritis or gastric ulcer. In rare cases, damage to the kidneys, intestines, lungs, and nervous system (neurosyphilis) is observed.

Complications of tertiary syphilis

The main and most dangerous complications of tertiary syphilis are associated with damage to the cardiovascular system. Thus, syphilitic aortitis can lead to an aortic aneurysm, which can gradually compress the surrounding organs or suddenly rupture with the development of massive bleeding. Syphilitic myocarditis can be complicated by heart failure, spasm of the coronary vessels with the development of myocardial infarction. Due to complications of tertiary syphilis, the death of the patient is possible, which is observed in approximately 25% of cases of the disease.

Diagnosis of tertiary syphilis

In tertiary syphilis, diagnosis is based primarily on clinical and laboratory data. In 25-35% of patients with tertiary syphilis, the RPR test gives a negative result, so blood tests using RIF and RIBT are of primary importance, which are positive in most cases of tertiary syphilis (92-100%).

Syphilis is an infectious disease that can be transmitted through sexual contact. The causative agent of the disease is a bacterium such as Treponema pallidum (spirochete), which affects internal organs, mucous membranes and skin.

To detect the disease, blood tests are used, and in some cases, cerebrospinal fluid. The results are indicated by pluses or crosses are used in quantities from 1 to 4.

Syphilis four crosses is considered the most dangerous stage for humans. The interpretation of the tests and the diagnosis is determined solely by the doctor.

Four stages of the disease and their characteristics

Determination of a sexually transmitted disease is carried out by studying blood for the presence of treponema.

This method of recognizing syphilis using a serological reaction is the most common of many tests.

The immunologist created a special system for characterizing the disease, in which crosses indicate the amount of antibodies. It is important to know that the disease itself does not contain them, but treponemas, ulcers, and a syphilitic rash.

An increase in antibody titer indicates active reproduction of the pathogen, and crosses are contained in any analysis with a positive assessment of the presence of antibodies. Let's consider the stages of the disease and their features.

Syphilis one cross

If there are crosses, syphilis is positive, but there are doubts even when observing antibodies in the blood to fight the disease.

Therefore, doctors call this test result questionable. Often the test result may indicate another disease.

A result of 1+ means that little time has passed since the infection stage. Plus may be present after full treatment, when antibodies remain.

Syphilis two crosses

Two crosses mean a positive result, which indicates the presence of treponema in the blood.

An increase in titer indicates a low concentration in the blood. So, it is necessary to examine the bacterium to confirm conclusion 2 plus before starting therapy.

Syphilis three crosses

A blood test with a three-cross score indicates a positive result and cannot be refuted. Repeated blood testing only confirms the diagnosis of 3 crosses, which is typical for the disease at the second stage of development.

Syphilis four crosses

The most unfavorable conclusion is the result of 4 crosses. But this does not mean at all that the disease cannot be cured.

This stage is characterized by a noticeable rash, hair loss, and increased body temperature. The number of antibodies is at a high level, so the conclusion is beyond doubt.

How is the examination carried out?

Recognition of syphilis is carried out in two stages, starting with examination of the patient and ending with the study of blood for antibodies.

The doctor examines the patient, and already determines the likelihood of the presence of the disease:

• detection of ulcers on the genitals or in the oral cavity;
• dermatological rashes, compactions;
• baldness in the scalp.

The doctor clarifies information from the patient, based on questions about the presence of suspicious sexual acts or treatment of a sexually transmitted disease.

Laboratory examinations

Today, a test to detect the disease syphilis 4 crosses can be taken in many ways, the most well-known are presented below:

• RPR is a test that detects antibodies in the blood to phospholipids of the cytoplasmic membrane;
• RIF (immunofluorescence reaction) is a more sensitive reaction, as it shows a positive result already at the first stage in 80% of patients;
• RW (method of the German immunologist Wasserman) is a fast and reliable research method that allows you to conduct an examination and prescribe effective pharmaceuticals;
• enzyme immunoassay of blood;
• the reaction is based on the phenomenon of immobilization of bacteria by antibodies such as immobilisins;
• passive hemagglutination shows the presence and amount of antibodies.

Today, syphilis can be treated at any stage. But it is much easier to tolerate treatment at the first manifestations of the disease, when the infection has not affected the entire body.

The duration of treatment and medications are prescribed by a venereologist based on the individual characteristics of the human body and the stage of the lesion.

Do not forget that the best prevention of syphilis is a close relationship with a regular partner, in whose health you are completely confident.

Syphilis (or Lewis) is an infectious disease transmitted through sexual contact. The cause of the disease is treponema pallidum (spirochete), a long, thin, spiral-shaped bacterium.

Causes

1. Unprotected sexual contact.
2. Using other people's household items (dishes, toothbrushes, towels, linen).
3. Through donated blood; when using shared syringes.
4. Infection of the fetus through the placenta or during childbirth from a sick mother.
5. You can also become infected through a kiss if the healthy partner has damage to the mucous membrane in the mouth.

Stages

The insidiousness of this disease lies in the fact that the spirochete can take a temporary form of existence - a cyst, which has a protective shell.

In this form, the bacterium can exist for years.

Therefore, Lewis is characterized by such stages of the disease as secondary and tertiary syphilis.

Primary

The disease begins with the appearance of a small ulcer - a chancre at the site of contact (genital organs), less often - on the oral mucosa, tonsils, and tongue. It does not interfere, does not hurt, so it is often not given attention. Even if left untreated, the chancre will heal on its own. However, the person remains infectious to others, and the course of his illness enters a new stage.

Secondary

It occurs 3–4 months after infection and can last for several years. At this time, the patient is very dangerous to others, even during everyday contacts! Spirochetes spread throughout the body. All lymph nodes are enlarged. Various types of rashes (syphilides) occur periodically. In women, a “Venus necklace” appears - pale areas of skin on the back and side of the neck. There are symptoms characteristic of ARVI. Secondary Lewis has a latent form that worsens from time to time. Approximately 20% of patients report hair loss and eyebrow loss. Without treatment, after 5 years the next period occurs.

Tertiary syphilis

It can lead to the death of the patient - about a quarter of them die. Depending on the location of the infection, destruction of one or another organ occurs with the help of late syphilides - gummas. They often occur on the palate, destroying its bones. This changes the voice, the nose may become sunken. The disease can be latent, last for decades and be characterized by possible sad consequences: changes in the patient’s psyche, even to the point of insanity; Deafness and blindness, complete or partial paralysis are possible.

Diagnostics

• interviewing the patient;
• examination of the skin and lymph nodes;
• laboratory research.

Treatment

The disease is treated exclusively in a hospital.

This is not particularly difficult, but it takes a long period of time. It consists of taking a course of injections of water-soluble penicillin, which are given every 3 hours for 24 days, plus vitamins and immunostimulants. After this, the patient is registered and regularly undergoes tests. It is believed that syphilis has been completely cured if, 5 years after the end of the course, there are no more manifestations of the disease. This disease cannot be treated independently or with “traditional” methods, because it may return.

Tertiary syphilis is a serious venereological pathology. This is the very last stage of the disease, in which complications from the internal organs develop. Possible death. Today, tertiary syphilis is diagnosed less and less, which is associated with early diagnosis and treatment of this pathology.

Tertiary syphilis is an infectious disease from the STI group. It develops 5–10 years after infection in people who have not consulted a doctor or who have not followed the treatment regimen. Initially, the primary and . Adults over 20 years of age are affected. The disease may develop in adolescents if they have previously been diagnosed with a congenital form of the disease.

Not everyone knows whether syphilis is contagious at this stage. The peculiarity of this period is that the patient does not pose a great danger to others. If at stages 1 and 2 easy transmission of the pathogen is possible, then in this case the treponemes are localized deep in the internal organs and are not released outside with biological secretions.

Causes and development of the disease

The tertiary period of syphilis develops several years after infection. Human infection occurs in the following ways:

• sexual;
• artificial;
• injection;
• contact and household.

Treponema pallidums are highly pathogenic. Human infection occurs when just a few microbial cells enter the body. For a long time the disease is asymptomatic. Predisposing factors for the development of tertiary syphilis are:

• chronic intoxication;
• alcoholism;
• addiction;
• immunodeficiency;
• exhaustion;
• non-compliance with the dosage of the medication during treatment;
• self-medication;
• unprotected sex during therapy;
• old age.

At the third stage of the disease, treponema spreads throughout the body, leading to the formation of granulomas in the internal organs and on the skin. Specific inflammation develops, which can lead to tissue destruction.

Characteristic symptoms

The signs of tertiary syphilis are very specific. The disease occurs with long asymptomatic periods. The main features are gummas and tubercles. These are types of tertiary syphilides that slowly regress and capture limited areas of tissue. After the disappearance of syphilides, scars remain. Most often, the third stage of syphilis is manifested by tuberculate subcutaneous rashes.

They have the following features:

The nodules appear in waves. Over time, they disappear, and in their place ulcerative defects with smooth edges appear. They take a long time to heal, often leading to tissue atrophy. Instead of tubercles, gummas may appear. These are single, painless formations that are localized in the forehead, limbs and joints.

In the early stages of tertiary syphilis, the gummas are not fused to the tissues. If left untreated, a hole appears in them through which secretions are released. After some time, a deep ulcer with crater-shaped edges forms. Sometimes gummas disappear without the formation of an ulcer. In this case, rough scar tissue appears. Gummas occur primarily on the skin and oral mucosa.

The nose is often affected, leading to bleeding. With tertiary syphilis, glossitis often develops. It makes speech and breathing difficult. If gumma forms on the palate, it may become perforated and food may enter the nasal cavity. The third period of the disease lasts 10 or more years. If patients are left untreated, neurosyphilis may develop.

Consequences of stage 3 syphilis

If the symptoms of syphilis are ignored, the following complications are possible:

A serious complication of the 3rd period of the disease is late neurosyphilis. It occurs as a type of gumma cerebri or progressive paralysis. The following symptoms are observed with dryness:

• back pain like radiculitis;
• ulcers;
• joint pain;
• loss of sensation;
• suppression of reflexes;
• decreased potency;
• constriction of the pupils;
• impaired coordination of movements.

A dangerous complication is progressive paralysis. It is characterized by dementia, memory loss, decreased intelligence, dysarthria, epileptic seizures, delusional ideas and indifference to what is happening.

Survey

The treatment regimen is determined after a comprehensive examination. To make a diagnosis you will need:

It is impossible to identify the disease from one photo of patients. Diagnosis of tertiary syphilis includes serological testing. Immunoglobulins are found in the blood of patients, which are produced in response to the introduction of microbes. Treatment of tertiary syphilis is recommended after testing the sensitivity of treponemes to antibiotics.

Principles of treatment

After a complete examination has been carried out, medications are prescribed. Semi-synthetic antibiotics are effective for syphilis. Most often prescribed:

• Penicillin G;
• Benzylpenicillin sodium salt;
• Bicillin-3;
• Bicillin-5.

Second line drugs are:

• tetracycline (Doxal);
• macrolides (Azithromycin Ecomed);
• cephalosporins (Ceftriaxone Kabi).

The course of treatment consists of 2 stages. First, second-line drugs are prescribed for 2 weeks, and then penicillins are used. 2 courses are required with a short interval. The treatment regimen for tertiary syphilis includes bismuth preparations. Additionally, symptomatic medications are prescribed. Immunostimulants and vitamins can be used to enhance immunity. After completion of treatment, control laboratory tests are carried out.

The prognosis for tertiary syphilis depends on the presence of complications. With the development of neurosyphilis, dangerous consequences are possible.

In this case, there is a risk of death. Thus, the third stage of the disease is the most dangerous due to total damage to organs by treponemes. Timely treatment allows you to avoid such complications and cure syphilis in the early stages of development.

Promiscuous sex life and frequent changes of partners lead to the fact that a person can become infected with Treponema pallidum, which is the causative agent of syphilis. There is a hypothesis according to which the disease entered the territory of European countries “thanks to” the crew members of Columbus’s ships.

History provides facts that claim that syphilis was widespread in the countries of South America back in the Middle Ages. The dissolute life of some noble people led to people dying at a fairly young age from unknown diseases. Columbus's retinue did not observe basic rules of personal hygiene, which led to the emigration of the disease to the territory of European countries.

A description of a disease with similar symptoms can be found in the works of Thucydides. This is a historian of Ancient Greece who lived back in the 400s BC. The author refers to the disease as the “Piraeus Plague” and describes in detail a phenomenon similar to a chancre on the penis. There are other hypotheses. But one thing is clear: for thousands of years, the disease continues to destroy ungodly souls.

Only in the nineteenth century did people in Europe begin to understand how dangerous this disease was. Women were considered the main source of infection. There were simply no drugs that could help cope with syphilis. The only thing that could be done with women who infected their partners was to completely isolate them from society in closed medical institutions. These hospitals were more like prisons, where the priestesses of love lived out their last days in terrible agony.

Only in 1905 was it possible to identify the virus that causes the disease and find a way to treat syphilis. Until this time, the disease was detected only if skin manifestations of syphilis and a chancre on the penis (translated from French as an ulcer) were visible. The fight against this unpleasant disease continues today. There is no perfect medicine that will help completely get rid of this terrible disease. Therefore, the disease and chancroid can appear even after treatment. But scientists hope that in a hundred years they will still be able to find a vaccine against this plague, and only then will the disease simply disappear.

Routes of infection, stages of disease development

About a hundred years ago, having become infected with syphilis, people were doomed to inevitable death. Today the disease is treated, and quite effectively. Among sexually transmitted diseases, syphilis seems to be the most dangerous.

Modern medicine knows of cases where infection occurs after a blood transfusion. Non-sexual contact with an infected person (shaking hands, kissing), even with obvious symptoms, is not contagious. In the open air, Treponema pallidum, which is the causative agent, dies instantly. It is known that cases of infection of the fetus from an infected mother occur.

Primary stage

The danger of the disease is that after infection the disease does not show any signs. Only after a month or a month and a half after sexual contact with an infected partner does a syphilitic rash, chancre, and red spots appear on some parts of the body. In men it appears on the penis, in women - on the labia, cervix, and clitoris.

A hard chancre on the penis or female genital organs is the first sign of infection. Usually such phenomena are painless. But any ulcers on the genitals or in the groin area should be a reason for an immediate visit to the doctor. External signs appear after 4-6 weeks; until this point, the disease affected the internal organs.

Secondary stage

Chancroid can appear suddenly and disappear just as suddenly. Only a small dark spot may remain in the place where the ulcer was. But the disease continues to progress, moving into the second stage, which lasts quite a long time. Sometimes it takes up to five years to treat the disease.

Symptoms of the secondary stage are already more noticeable. This:

• rash, bright red spots all over the body;
• fever, painful appearance;
• enlarged lymph nodes;
• deterioration of health.

If you do not seek medical help during this period, the disease gradually moves into the third and final stage. This could happen in ten years. At the same time, the symptoms constantly increase, worsening the patient’s well-being. The spots gradually turn into bleeding ulcers.

Third stage of syphilis

The tertiary stage of syphilis is the most severe. It is practically untreatable. During this period, complete degradation of personality occurs. Syphilitic rash, bright spots are observed not only on the penis or female genital organs. Such phenomena appear throughout the body, forming non-healing, bleeding ulcers; chancre on the penis becomes large and does not disappear.

During this period, the patient feels a loss of strength, looks sick, the condition may be accompanied by complete depression, or suddenly an incredible surge of physical and emotional strength occurs, and the mood changes dramatically. The fact is that during this period the disease affects the human nervous system and brain. These are already irreversible processes. Moreover, other symptoms may be observed at this stage:

• gummas (hard subcutaneous nodes) appear;
• bleeding granulomas, bright spots;
• paralysis;
• deafness;
• blindness;
• deformations of skeletal bones.

The final stage of the third stage is a long and painful death. But today such cases are rare. These can be completely degraded individuals without a specific place in life. Civilized people try not to bring their body to such a state.

Latent form of syphilis

The latent form is a hidden course of the disease; no signs appear until the secondary stage. As a rule, patients, without identifying any suspicious symptoms, rarely consult a doctor. Sometimes this form can manifest as minor rashes on the mucous membranes. But this form is highly treatable, and you can often get rid of the disease by taking antibiotics that are prescribed to treat another disease.

This stage of the disease can only be detected through laboratory tests. This form is dangerous because before the onset of the second stage, damage to internal organs and the nervous system occurs. This form can last up to two years until obvious signs of the secondary form appear.

Diagnosis of the disease

A person leading a promiscuous lifestyle must be aware of how dangerous this is for his health. If this happens, then you should pay more attention to your health, and the appearance of a rash or ulcers on the genitals should cause concern and force you to undergo examination by a venereologist.

After a visit to the doctor, the patient is prescribed an examination of the tissues that contain chancre and puncture of the lymph nodes. If the disease is in its early stages, it is detected using non-treponemal tests. These same tests are performed regularly throughout treatment to determine the level of effectiveness of the treatment.

An enzyme immunoassay examination is prescribed, which will include a blood test for the Wasserman reaction (RW) . This is an examination that helps to identify the disease at any of its stages. The results are presented as follows:

• four pluses (++++) - a sharply positive result;
• +++ - positive;
• ++- weakly positive;
• + -doubtful;
• And the minus makes it clear that the result is negative.

If syphilis is in a secondary form, then the result of the Wasserman reaction gives four pluses.

The RIF (immunofluorescence) reaction is the most accurate examination that gives the most accurate results. This examination makes it possible to detect syphilis in its earliest stages, as well as to detect a latent form.

The RIBT reaction (immobilization of Treponema pallidum) is a modern, high-tech method that requires high-precision equipment. Therefore, it is rarely used due to the high cost of the examination. District clinics do not have such equipment. More often it can be found in private, highly specialized medical centers.

Sometimes, to make a more accurate diagnosis, a venereologist may prescribe a spinal cord puncture.

Treatment

Modern medicine guarantees a complete cure for this disease. But these guarantees are real only if the disease has not entered the final, third stage. If the patient identifies his symptoms in time and seeks help from a doctor, treatment can last from a month to two. Treatment of later stages will require at least one and a half to two years. Each individual case requires individual treatment. Therefore, there is no single methodology.

To treat syphilis, the treating venereologist prescribes antibiotics. They are administered intravenously every three hours. Usually this is penicillin, ampicillin. If the patient experiences allergic reactions, the patient may be prescribed the drug Sumamed. This is a strong antibiotic, which, having reached a high concentration, can persist in the affected tissues for up to five days.

Today on the Internet you can find promises that there are methods that can cure the disease in a few sessions. This is a complete lie! Treatment of syphilis is a long and complex process that requires frequent administration of medications in a hospital setting. The doses of antibiotics are quite large, so patients must be under constant medical supervision.

After treatment is completed, the response to RW may remain positive for several years. Treatment does not guarantee that the disease will not recur. There is no immunity to syphilis, so it is worth taking preventive measures and being more selective in choosing sexual partners.

The placenta does not protect the fetus from the penetration of the treponema virus. Infection occurs in utero through the blood of a sick mother. The disease can appear at any time in a child's life. A syphilitic rash and spots appear, ulcers form on the mucous membrane, bone tissue is affected, and later the nervous system suffers. There are several types of congenital syphilis:

1. Fetal syphilis.
2. Early congenital.
3. Thoracic syphilis.
4. Late congenital, manifests itself after four years.

If the disease affects the fetus, then in utero all internal organs of the unborn child are damaged. This leads to miscarriages or stillbirths.

A fetus that has died from the disease has characteristic external and internal signs:

• wrinkled face;
• loose skin;
• enlarged liver, spleen;
• fluid in the abdominal cavity;
• white pneumonia.

Congenital syphilis can appear in the first two months after birth. The baby's skin and mucous membranes are affected. Irreversible processes occur in the internal organs. A rash appears on the palms and soles of the feet. After a short period of time, blistering purulent ulcers appear at the site of the rash.

All children born to sick mothers are thoroughly examined. If the disease is detected in the mother before the birth of the child, then after birth the placenta and umbilical cord are examined. Further actions of doctors depend on the results of the examinations. Over a long period, such children are constantly observed by the attending physician.

In order to exclude such a pathology, all pregnant women undergo a serological examination. It must be done twice during the entire pregnancy. If the examination results are positive, especially in the early stages, then this is a medical indication for an abortion. If treatment is started early, then the birth of a healthy baby is quite possible.

Preventive actions

This is a disease that most often occurs after unprotected, casual sexual contact. The surest way to avoid infection is to be faithful to your partner or use condoms during casual sex. If there is a suspicion that the sexual partner is sick, it is necessary to contact a venereologist literally in the first hours and conduct an examination. Sometimes a penicillin blockade can stop the risk of infection.

If a sick person appears in the family, it is necessary to take measures that will help eliminate the risk of infection to other family members. Well-known methods will help eliminate this danger.

1. A sick person must use individual personal hygiene products and individual cutlery.
2. Close contact with the patient must be kept to a minimum and placed in a separate room.

These simple measures will help eliminate the possibility of infecting other family members. In general, if the fact of infection is confirmed, then it is best to admit the patient to a hospital.

A permanent partner or spouse must undergo an examination. This must be done no earlier than two weeks after sexual intercourse. Doing this earlier simply doesn't make sense.

If the fact of infection is confirmed, self-medication is strictly prohibited. The use of any antibiotics can slow down the incubation period, and the examination readings will simply be false. Meanwhile, the disease will progress inside the body.