City of military glory 5 letters crossword puzzle. Research project: "Hero Cities and Cities of Military Glory"

Are you here: Sense organs

She left her mark on the history of many Russian cities. Fierce battles took place on their territory, the result of which predetermined the country’s victory. Feats were performed not only by soldiers and people whose labor made it possible to uninterruptedly supply supplies to the front, but also by entire cities. Where the struggle was fought for every meter of land, they courageously stood as impregnable bastions in the path of the enemy.

The concept of “City of Military Glory” was first introduced in accordance with a presidential decree in 2006. The title is awarded for the steadfastness and heroism of city defenders shown in the struggle for the country's freedom. The law was developed with the aim of patriotic education and preservation of Russia's military heritage.

The first City of Military Glory in Russia appeared in 2007. It became Belgorod, which was twice occupied by the Germans during the war. The invaders invaded its territory in October 1941, breaking through the defenses of the Soviet troops. Until this moment, Belgorod, due to its sufficient distance from the western borders, was located in the rear. The Germans turned the outskirts of the city into strong strongholds.

During the bloody battles of 1943, Belgorod was destroyed almost to the ground. The result of the occupation is thousands of remaining German mines, historical buildings are irretrievably lost, and most of the buildings are destroyed. During the occupation, the city lost its 30,000 population.

In honor of the liberation, fireworks were given in Moscow in August 1943, after which Belgorod began to be unofficially called the City of the First Fireworks.

Along with Belgorod, Orel and Kursk were among the first to receive the title of City of Military Glory. Orel was the center of the formation of underground resistance groups, whose partisans destroyed important enemy targets. Kursk is inscribed in history as a city near which a defensive operation took place - one of the stages of the Battle of Kursk.

In every city that has been awarded an honorary title, commemorative steles are installed, and fireworks and public events are held on holidays.

List of Cities of Military Glory

The list of Cities of Military Glory includes:

Vladikavkaz - Operation Edelweiss was disrupted here in 1942. The Nazis were stopped on their way to the oil resources of the Caspian Sea;

Malgobek is a city that became key in the events of the Battle of the Caucasus. Its fascist troops used it as a shortcut to Grozny;

Rzhev - destroyed to the ground during 17 months of occupation. The battles near Rzhev are described by historians and participants as the bloodiest in the history of the war;

Yelnya was liberated from the occupiers twice. The operations were strategically important for defense against the enemy in the direction of Smolensk;

Yelets - during the Great Patriotic War it was occupied and liberated as a result of an important offensive operation of the Moscow Battle;

Voronezh - as a result of the defense of the city, it was possible to delay the breakthrough of fascist troops on the way to Stalingrad. Voronezh was partially occupied and lost more than 90% of residential buildings;

Luga is the city through which the Luga border passed. He delayed the advance of the German army towards Leningrad;

Polyarny is the base of the Northern Fleet, from where submarines went out on combat missions;

Rostov-on-Don is one of the cities most affected by the war. His release was a major victory in the first months of the war;

Tuapse - for him the war years became the most heroic in history. The evacuation of the population of the south and industrial enterprises took place through the port. Bloody battles unfolded on the approaches to Tuapse;

Velikiye Luki - there were partisan detachments in the city and its surroundings. As a result of the fighting, it was destroyed, but in the annals of the war the liberation operation is recorded as one of the most successful;

Veliky Novgorod - liberated by troops during the Novgorod operation; throughout the war the front line passed directly through the city;

Dmitrov - The Dmitrov operation made it possible to stop the advance of the Germans on the northern approaches to Moscow;

Vyazma - German death camps for prisoners of war operated here, the liberation of Vyazma is an important stage of the Great Patriotic War;

Kronstadt - suffered as a result of the Luftwaffe raid, was under blockade for a long time;

Naro-Fominsk - during the attack on Moscow, the city was located in the direction of the main attack and was bombed;

Pskov covered the path to Leningrad. Later, the liberation of the city made it possible to open the route to the Baltic states;

Kozelsk - a military hospital was located in Optina Pustyn;

Arkhangelsk is a strategic port for receiving cargo and repairing ships;

Volokolamsk is the site of the fiercest fighting in the Battle of Moscow;

Bryansk - here dozens of partisan detachments acted against the invaders;

Nalchik - showed heroism during the occupation, took over evacuated enterprises at the beginning of the war;

Kalach-on-Don - played a role in the Battle of Stalingrad: a ring was closed around the 6th German Army here;

Vladivostok is a major outpost of the Far East for communication with allied countries;

Anapa - offered powerful resistance to the Nazis, for whom the city was of strategic importance;

Kolpino - was under occupation, served as a place for the formation of militia units and suffered catastrophic losses;

Stary Oskol - held back German troops on the way to the Volga and Don for 8 months;

Kovrov - became the main city of the USSR, supplying the front with machine guns and other weapons;

Lomonosov is the center of the Oranienbaum bridgehead - an area that played a huge role during the defense of Leningrad;

Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky - from here the ships left for the liberation of South Sakhalin and the Kuril ridge;

Maloyaroslavets, Gatchina, Vyborg, Tikhvin, Tver, Taganrog, Petrozavodsk were under occupation;

Mozhaisk - in the city there was a defense line, on which heavy fighting took place in 1941;

Khabarovsk - from here the boats were sent to China for liberation from the Japanese, Khabarovsk residents demonstrated valor on all fronts;

Staraya Russa, a city occupied for 2.5 years, was located right on the front line. By the time of liberation there were no inhabitants left in it;

Grozny - fierce battles took place for it. The Germans tried to break through the defense line, but were exhausted and stopped;

Feodosia - the city was occupied several times, and heavy fighting led to significant destruction.

Greetings to all readers of my blog! May 9th on the calendar! Great holiday! Victory Day! Victory lives in everyone's heart! And I sincerely congratulate you, my dear readers! And I wish you, your families, your children a peaceful sky above your heads, happiness and goodness!

War. She left her mark on the history of every family, every house, every village, every city of our homeland. Today, 45 cities are cities of military glory. And there are also 13 Cities of Heroes. This is the highest degree of distinction for heroic defense during the war.

Let's talk about each of them in more detail.

Lesson plan:

Leningrad (St. Petersburg)

July 10, 1941. The beginning of the offensive of German troops in the Leningrad direction. The Germans managed to encircle Leningrad. On September 8, the siege of Leningrad began. And it lasted 872 days. The history of mankind has never known such a long siege.

At that time, approximately three million people lived in the northern capital. Terrible hunger, constant air raids, bombings, rats, diseases, and infections claimed more than 2 million lives. Despite everything, the Leningraders survived, they even managed to help the front. The factories did not stop working and produced military products.

Today, numerous memorials and monuments erected in the northern capital remind us of the feat of the Leningraders.

Memorial Piskarevskoye Cemetery. This is the site of mass graves of people who died during the siege of Leningrad. A statue of the “Motherland”, a woman who looks at the graves of her fallen sons, was installed in the cemetery.

If you walk along Nevsky Prospect in St. Petersburg, find house number 14. There is still an inscription from the war.

And on Victory Square there is a monument in memory of the city’s defenders. One of the significant parts of this monument is a torn bronze ring, which symbolizes the breaking of the blockade ring.

Stalingrad (Volgograd)

Summer 1942. The Germans decided to capture the Caucasus, Kuban, the Don region, and the Lower Volga. Hitler was going to deal with this in a week. In order to stop the enemy's advance, the Stalingrad Front was created.

On July 17, 1942, the Battle of Stalingrad began, one of the most important and largest battles. This great battle lasted 200 days. And it ended with the complete victory of our troops thanks to the selfless actions of the military and ordinary residents. More than 1 million of our soldiers died in terrible bloody battles. The Germans also suffered heavy losses. More than 800 thousand killed and wounded. More than 200 thousand German soldiers were captured.

In Volgograd, on Mamayev Kurgan, there is a monument-ensemble, which is dedicated to all the Heroes of the Battle of Stalingrad. The main monument of the ensemble is the 85-meter sculpture of the Motherland. 200 steps lead to this monument from the foot of the mound - a symbol of two hundred long days of battle.

And the Mamaev Kurgan itself is a huge mass grave in which more than 34 thousand dead soldiers rest.

Sevastopol

The defense of Sevastopol began on October 30, 1941 and ended on July 4, 1942. This is one of the bloodiest battles that ended in the defeat of the Soviet troops. But the courage and heroism shown by units of the Red Army and the residents of Sevastopol did not allow the Wehrmacht units to quickly seize Crimea and the Caucasus.

The Nazis, having overwhelming superiority in the air and at sea, were unable to take the city over and over again. For the first and only time (during the entire war), German troops used an artillery gun weighing more than 1000 tons, which was capable of firing 7-ton shells and piercing a rock slab 30 meters thick. But Sevastopol stood. He stood until the ammunition ran out... Until almost all the defenders died...

There are more than 1,500 monuments in Sevastopol. And about 1000 of them were installed in memory of the events of that terrible war. At Cape Khrustalny there is a monument “Soldier and Sailor”, it was erected in memory of the defenders of Sevastopol.

Odessa

In the first years of the war, victories were achieved only at the cost of gigantic sacrifices. Hundreds of thousands of people died so as not to let the enemy pass, in order to hold back the fascist war machine at least a little. The Nazis believed that Odessa would become another item on their long list of cities that surrendered without a fight. But, they were wrong.

73 days of defense of Odessa inflicted colossal losses on the Romanian-German armies, which were expecting an “easy walk.” Of the 300,000 enemy soldiers, 160,000 died. Our losses were 16,000. The Nazis were never able to capture Odessa, the city was abandoned...
This is what the Pravda newspaper will write about the defense of Odessa:

In Odessa there is the “Monument to the Unknown Sailor”. The obelisk in the form of a granite stele is intended to remind those living today of the feat of sailors during the war. And next to it is the Walk of Fame, on which are the graves of fallen warrior-defenders.

Moscow

Napoleon, and after him Hitler, called Russia and the USSR “a colossus with feet of clay.” But for some reason this colossus did not want to kneel, but clenched his teeth and fists and threw himself at the spears and machine guns with his bare chest. This happened near Moscow.

At the cost of terrible losses, but the enemy moved slower and slower towards the capture of Moscow. He was stopped near Brest, he was beaten near Smolensk and Odessa, he was not given rest near Minsk and Yelets. The defensive operation near Moscow also lasted for several months. Defensive fortifications were built, thousands of kilometers of trenches were dug. They fought for every village, for every height. But the magnificent Wehrmacht machine moved forward. They even saw the walls of the Kremlin through binoculars, but for many of them this became their last memory.

On December 5, 1941, the Germans were shown the way home. The offensive of our troops began near Moscow. More than a million soldiers and officers shouting “Hurray!” began to drive out the fascists. The victory near Moscow became one of the key moments of the war, people believed that we could win...

In Moscow, on Poklonnaya Hill, there is a huge memorial complex dedicated to the Great Patriotic War.

This complex includes:

The monument is in the form of an obelisk 141.8 meters high. This height is not accidental. It reminds us of the 1418 days of war.
Three churches that were erected in memory of all those who died during the war.
Central Museum of the Great Patriotic War.
An open-air exhibition of military equipment and other memorials.

Kyiv

When the first German planes flew over Kiev, many residents thought that these were exercises... And they even rejoiced, saying, “What a great exercise they prepared!” They even painted crosses.” No, these were not exercises - Kyiv was one of the first to experience all the horrors of war. He found himself on the front line almost immediately. There was not enough ammunition, not enough supplies. But there was an order - not to surrender Kyiv!!! More than 600,000 people died trying to accomplish it! But, on September 19, 1941, German troops entered the city. This was one of the most severe defeats of the Red Army.

On the right bank of the Dnieper, at the highest point in Kyiv, there is a monument whose height is more than 100 meters. This is a sculpture of the “Motherland”.

The sculpture depicts a woman with her hands raised up. The woman holds a sword in one hand and a shield in the other. The monument symbolizes the inflexibility of the people's spirit in the struggle for the Motherland.

Brest

On June 22, 1941, at 4:15 am, a massive artillery strike began on the defenders of the Brest Fortress. According to the plans of the German command, the fortress was to be taken by noon. But the fortress held. Without water, without food, without communication with the main units of the Red Army...

This inscription will later be discovered by historians on the walls.

Thousands died, very little is known about them. There was almost no one left who could tell... The last defender was captured only on July 23.

Memorial complex "Brest Hero Fortress". It was opened on September 25, 1971. If you are in Belarus, be sure to visit it. It includes many monuments, obelisks, an eternal flame, memorial plaques, and a defense museum. The main monument of the memorial is a sculpture depicting the head of a Soviet soldier against the backdrop of a waving banner.

Also pay attention to the memorial composition “Thirst”.

The defenders of the fortress experienced a lack of water, as the water supply system was destroyed. The only source of water for them was the Buk and Mokhovets rivers. But since their shores were under constant fire, the trip for water was mortally dangerous.

Kerch

Kerch was captured for the first time in mid-November 1941. In December it was liberated by Soviet troops, but in May 1942 it was again captured by the Nazis. It was from this time that the world-famous guerrilla war in the Kerch (Adzhimushkay) quarries would begin.

Throughout the occupation, several thousand partisans and regular army soldiers were hiding in them, who did not allow the German troops to live in peace. The Nazis blew up the entrances and gassed them, collapsed the vaults... To get water, they had to fight their way out each time, since all the sources were outside. But the German troops were unable to break the resistance. Kerch was completely liberated only in April 1944. A little more than 30,000 inhabitants remained alive.

The “Obelisk of Glory” located on Mount Mithridates is a symbol of Kerch.

It is dedicated to all the soldiers who died for the liberation of Crimea in 1943-1944. This monument was erected in August 1944. This is the first monument in the USSR dedicated to the events of the Great Patriotic War. The stele rises 24 meters into the sky and is made of light gray stone. And at the foot there are three cannons.

Novorossiysk

“Malaya Zemlya” - many have heard this, but do not know where it is. Know, this is Novorossiysk. This is the triumph and courage of the Soviet marines. A couple of facts: on February 4, 1943, 800 marines (according to other sources up to 1500) held a bridgehead against 500 enemy firing points (the Allies landed 156,000 people in Normandy).

Several hundred people held out until the main forces arrived and conquered kilometer after kilometer. The Germans were never able to throw them into the sea. 225 days of offensive. Every inch of land was watered with blood and sweat, the result of superhuman efforts and Novorossiysk was liberated. On September 16, 1943, Soviet troops entered the city... it was destroyed by almost 96%.

In 1961, a memorial was opened in Novorossiysk in memory of the heroic liberators of the city. This is a sculpture depicting three people: a soldier, a sailor with a banner and a partisan girl. Three people stand shoulder to shoulder and represent strength and courage.

“The Shot Car” is another monument in Novorossiysk.

There are countless bullet holes in this boxcar. It was installed on the Soviet defense line in 1946.

Minsk

Another difficult and terrible page of that war. So much so that even the Soviet Information Bureau did not report the surrender of Minsk. About 10 high-ranking Soviet military leaders were arrested and executed. After all, the city was taken already on June 28, 1941.

But this is not the only thing that befell the Belarusians. Several hundred thousand civilians were taken to work in Germany. Only a few returned. Hundreds of thousands were hanged, shot and burned alive. But, they didn’t give up. A partisan movement was created, with which the selected Wehrmacht units could do nothing. Thanks to the partisans, many German offensive operations were thwarted. More than 11,000 trains were derailed, and the partisans blew up more than 300,000 rails. They killed the enemy wherever they could.

In Minsk in 1952, a “Tank Monument” was erected in honor of the feat of Soviet tank crews.

On July 3, 1944, Soviet tanks entered the city during its liberation from the fascist invaders.

Tula

At the beginning of the war, news of the German advance sometimes arrived after the city had been captured. This almost happened to Tula. A sudden tank breakthrough of the front led to the capture of Orel, and from it to Tula only 180 km. The city was left practically unarmed and unprepared for defense.

But skillful leadership and, most importantly, quickly deployed reinforcements did not allow the German units to occupy the city of gunsmiths. The difficult situation at the front led to the almost complete blockade of Tula, but the enemy was never able to take it. Thousands of women dug trenches as defense factories were evacuated and fighting raged. The Germans threw selected, elite units into battle, in particular the “Greater Germany” regiment. But they couldn’t do anything either... Tula didn’t give up! She survived!

There are several memorial complexes dedicated to the Second World War in Tula. For example, on Victory Square there is a memorial in honor of the Hero Defenders who defended the city in 1941.

A soldier and a militiaman stand shoulder to shoulder, holding machine guns. And nearby, three multi-meter steel obelisks soared into the sky.

Murmansk

From the first days of the war, Murmansk became a front-line city. The offensive of the German troops began on June 29, 1941, but at the cost of incredible efforts it was thwarted and subsequently the enemy was unable to advance even a kilometer. The front line remained unchanged until 1944.

Over the years, 185 thousand bombs were dropped on Murmansk, but he lived, worked and did not give up. He repaired military ships, received food and transport... The resilience of the residents of Murmansk helped Leningrad survive, since it was in Murmansk that food was accumulated, which was then transferred to the Northern capital. The Northern Fleet has about 600 destroyed enemy ships. On May 6, 1985, the merits of Murmansk residents were recognized, and their city received the title of Hero.

Memorial to the Defenders of the Soviet Arctic. The most famous monument in Murmansk.

The 35-meter-high sculpture depicts a soldier with a weapon in his hands. The monument was opened in 1974. People call this stone soldier “Alyosha”.

Smolensk

Smolensk always stood in the way of those who were rushing to Moscow. This was the case in 1812, and this was the case in 1941. According to the plans of the German command, the capture of Smolensk opened the road to Moscow. It was planned to capture a number of cities with lightning speed, including Smolensk. But, as a result, the enemy lost more soldiers in this direction than since the beginning of the war in all other directions combined. 250 thousand fascists did not return back.

It was near Smolensk that the later famous tradition of the “Soviet Guard” was born. On September 10, 1941, Smolensk fell, but did not surrender. A powerful partisan movement was created, which did not give a quiet life to the occupiers. 260 natives of the Smolensk region received the title “Hero of the Soviet Union”, and years later... On May 6, 1985, Smolensk received the title “Hero City”.

Many monuments in Smolensk remind of those who laid down their lives in the fight for their Motherland. Among them is the “Monument to the Grieving Mother.”

It is located in the place where the Nazis shot more than 3,000 people in 1943. Their mass grave is also located here, and above it they installed a memorial wall, which depicts the moment of the execution and a sculpture of a woman in simple clothes and a headscarf, with eyes full of grief.

All these cities paid with courage, blood and the lives of their inhabitants for the right to be called Heroes!

Let us once again say a huge thank you to our dear veterans. War veterans, labor veterans! For their feat!

Peace, peace!

All the best and brightest to you!

Evgenia Klimkovich.

P.S. I express my deep gratitude to my husband Denis, a great history expert, for his help in preparing this article.

P.P.S. The information presented in the article will be excellent material for preparing reports for Victory Day. Also on the blog you will find interesting facts and solutions for posters and projects, and other subjects.

Read also: Khabarovsk was awarded the honorary title “City of Military Glory” Title “Hero City”

The title was established by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on May 8, 1965 and was timed to coincide with the 20th anniversary of the victory over Nazi Germany and its allies.

The honorary title of hero city was awarded in the USSR to cities whose residents showed “mass heroism and courage in defending the Motherland in the Great Patriotic War of 1941 - 1945.”

Hero cities were awarded the Order of Lenin, the Gold Star medal and a diploma from the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. Commemorative obelisks were erected in cities, and their banners had to display an order and medal.

There are thirteen hero cities in total on the territory of the former USSR. Of these, four are located in Ukraine - Kyiv, Odessa, Sevastopol, Kerch. Two are in Belarus (Minsk and Brest).

There are seven hero cities in Russia - Moscow, St. Petersburg (Leningrad), Volgograd (Stalingrad), Novorossiysk, Tula, Murmansk, Smolensk.

The title of hero city was brought to the capital of the country by the famous battle for Moscow. The fighting near Moscow lasted from September 30, 1941 to April 20, 1942. German troops came close to Moscow, but the resistance of the Soviet troops exhausted them, which allowed the Red Army to launch a counteroffensive and push the enemy away from the capital of the state.

Leningrad received the title of hero city for the courage shown by its defenders during the siege. The siege of Leningrad began on September 8, 1941. On January 18, 1943, the blockade ring was broken, and on January 27, 1944, Soviet troops finally liberated the city. Despite severe hunger, harsh winters and constant shelling, the city's residents held out for about 900 days and did not surrender.

Stalingrad was awarded the title of hero city for the heroism of the participants in the Battle of Stalingrad, which lasted from July 17, 1942 to February 2, 1943. During the battle, German troops tried to capture the city, but as a result of the counter-offensive of the Red Army they were surrounded and defeated. The Battle of Stalingrad became a turning point in the Great Patriotic War; the Wehrmacht troops never got further than Stalingrad.

In the early years of the war, during the Battle of the Caucasus, German troops almost completely captured Novorossiysk, but were stopped by the Red Army, suffered heavy losses and went on the defensive until Soviet troops managed to liberate the city in 1943.

Tula became a hero city thanks to the courage of the soldiers who defended the city from October 24 to December 5, 1941. The city was under siege and was practically surrounded, but did not surrender to the Germans, despite shelling and tank attacks. Thanks to the retention of Tula, the Red Army did not allow the Wehrmacht troops to break through to Moscow from the south.

During the Second World War, the port city of Murmansk was of strategic importance for the USSR - Lend-Lease supplies from allied countries passed through it. Hitler understood this, and therefore made two attempts to capture the city, but both of them failed. But German aircraft continued to bomb the city for several years, due to which most of the buildings were destroyed. The threat to Murmansk was lifted only in 1944.

Smolensk was one of the last to be awarded the title of Hero City, but it was one of the first to come under attack during the Second World War. The Battle of Smolensk began on July 10, 1941 and ended on September 10. Although the Soviet troops failed to defeat the Germans, their advance into the interior of the country slowed down, which resulted in the breakdown of the Wehrmacht's "blitzkrieg" strategy.

The title “City of Military Glory” is awarded today; it did not exist in the USSR. The federal law “On the honorary title of the Russian Federation “City of Military Glory” was signed by Vladimir Putin in 2006.

According to this law, the title of city of military glory is awarded to cities “on the territory of which or in the immediate vicinity of which, during fierce battles, the defenders of the Fatherland showed courage, fortitude and mass heroism.”

In the city that received this title, a special stele is installed. On February 23, May 9 and City Day, festive events and fireworks are held. In addition, local government bodies of the city “may be vested with the rights and responsibilities to preserve the military-historical heritage and develop measures aimed at the patriotic education of citizens.”

The title of city of military glory can be awarded to a hero city, this does not contradict the law.

Today in Russia there are 40 cities of military glory. These are Belgorod, Kursk, Orel, Vladikavkaz, Malgobek, Rzhev, Yelnya, Yelets, Voronezh, Meadows, Polyarny, Rostov-on-Don, Tuapse, Velikiye Luki, Veliky Novgorod, Dmitrov, Vyazma, Kronstadt, Naro-Fominsk, Pskov, Kozelsk , Arkhangelsk, Volokolamsk, Bryansk, Nalchik, Vyborg, Kalach-on-Don, Vladivostok, Tikhvin, Tver, Anapa, Kolpino, Stary Oskol, Kovrov, Lomonosov, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Taganrog, Maroyaroslavets, Mozhaisk. This title was last awarded to Khabarovsk on November 3, 2012.

Although the law does not directly state that the title is awarded to cities specifically for the heroism of their defenders during the Second World War, most cities of military glory experienced fierce battles in 1941-1945. Residents of some cities that German troops did not reach fought on the war fronts and worked in the rear.

On May 8, 2010, a stela in honor of the cities of military glory was unveiled in the Alexander Garden in Moscow. The stela is located next to the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier and the pillars of the hero cities and is part of the National Memorial of Military Glory.

Municipal educational institution

"Secondary school No. 11 of the city of Zelenokumsk

Sovetsky District" Stavropol Territory

Hero Cities and Cities of Military Glory.

(research project)

The work was completed by a student

7 "a" class:

Karnaukhova Kristina

Head - Kovalenko O.S.

2015 academic year

1. Introduction

2. Main part

2.1.Collection and analysis of information on the project topic

2.2.Mini-study

2.3.Questionnaire

3. Conclusion.

4. Applications 1. Questionnaire for students.

Appendix 2. Presentation of Hero Cities

1. Introduction.

The project is dedicated to the 70th anniversary of the victory in the Great Patriotic War. The war demanded from the people the greatest effort and enormous sacrifices on a national scale, revealing the fortitude and courage of the Soviet people, the ability to sacrifice themselves in the name of freedom and independence of the Motherland. During the war years, heroism became widespread and became the norm of behavior of Soviet people. Thousands of soldiers and officers immortalized their names during the defense of the Brest Fortress, Odessa, Sevastopol, in the battle of Moscow, Stalingrad and in other battles. The victory over fascism belongs to all the peoples of the USSR; it has become a symbol of their courage and unity. In bronze, granite and marble obelisks, memorial plaques, steles, and street names, the people immortalized the memory of the glorious warriors who became the pride of our people. The names of cities are inscribed in golden letters in the chronicle of the history of the Great Patriotic War: Moscow, Leningrad, Stalingrad, Kiev, Minsk, Odessa, Sevastopol, Novorossiysk, Kerch, Tula, Smolensk, Murmansk and the Brest Fortress. I decided to turn to the topic of cities that received the highest degree of distinction “Hero City”, awarded for mass heroism and courage shown during the Great Patriotic War.

Relevance:

It turns out that many of us know very little about this topic. Then I started thinking: is it even important to know the heroic history of your country? And why are cities given such titles: some are Hero City, and others are City of Military Glory? This is how the theme “Hero Cities and Cities of Military Glory” was born. Having started work, I put forward hypothesis About, that if heroic people live in cities, then such a city can bear the high title of hero, or city of Military Glory. After all The city only becomes a hero when the soldier becomes a hero.

Objective of the project: get acquainted with the heroic events of the Great Patriotic War, comparing and analyzing information, find out what are the similarities and differences in the concepts: hero city and city of Military Glory.

While working on the project, I set myself tasks:

Study literature on the topic of the project

Conduct research: “Similarities and differences of concepts”

Prepare a quiz game “Hero Cities and Cities of Military Glory” for classmates, films about hero cities, and a presentation.

Working methods:

Working with literature and Internet resources, collecting materials on the topic; observation and questioning;

Visit to the local history museum

survey of schoolchildren;

comparison of research results;

Expected results:

we will find out why cities are given titles: hero city, city of Military Glory;

we will know the similarities and differences between these titles;

Scope of application the collected material is multifunctional:

In history and literature lessons;

When preparing class hours (in particular about the Victory Banner);

When preparing holidays, presentations, conferences, round tables, station games, local projects of a civil and patriotic nature;

When preparing excursions for schoolchildren;

Stages of work on the project:

1. Preparatory

Choosing a theme

Defining goals, formulating tasks.

2. Search and research stage

Identification of information sources.

Planning ways to collect and analyze information.

Preparation for research and its planning.

Conducting research. Collection and systematization of materials (facts, results) in accordance with the goals of the work, selection of illustrations.

3. Translation and design stage

Pre-defense of the project (in class)

Finalization of the project taking into account comments and suggestions.

Preparation for public defense of the project:

Determination of the program and scenario of public defense;

4. Final stage

Public defense of the project.

Summing up, constructive analysis of the work performed.

2. Main part.

2.1.Collection and analysis of information on the project topic

So, first, I decided to understand the concepts themselves with the guys from our class. For what merits were they given the title of hero city, and for what were they given the title of city of military glory? And can a city of military glory receive the title of hero city? I found answers to these questions in Internet resources.

When we began to look for information on this topic, we found out that there are 13 hero cities. These are: Moscow, Leningrad (now St. Petersburg), Stalingrad (now Volgograd), Brest Fortress, Tula, Kiev, Minsk, Smolensk, Sevastopol , Kerch, Odessa, Novorossiysk, Murmansk

As for the cities of military glory, there are much more of them - 33 cities. These are: Belgorod, Kursk, Orel, Vladikavkaz, Malgobek, Rzhev, Yelnya, Yelets, Voronezh, Luga, Polyarny, Rostov-on-Don, Velikiye Luki, Tuapse, Veliky Novgorod, Dmitrov, Vyazma, Kronstadt, Naro-Fominsk, Pskov, Kozelsk, Arkhangelsk, Volokolamsk, Bryansk, Nalchik, Vyborg, Vladivostok, Kalach-on-Don, Tikhvin, Tver, Anapa, Kolpino, Stary Oskol, Taganrog, Lomonosov, Kovrov, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky.

Analyzing the information, I found the following similarities and differences:

As for cities of military glory, the situation was established by federal law on May 9, 2006.

The city is a hero, this is the highest degree of distinction.

City of Military Glory is an honorary title of the Russian Federation.

There are 13 hero cities. In the hero city there is an obelisk with the image of the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal.

There are 37 cities of military glory. A stele is installed with the image of the city’s coat of arms and the text of the decree of the President of the Russian Federation on conferring this title on the city.

In hero cities, public events and festive fireworks are held on February 23 (Defender of the Fatherland Day), May 9 (Victory Day), as well as on City Day.

As for the cities of military glory, the main patriotic holidays of our country are also celebrated, and all honors are given to veterans and memorial wreaths are laid at the graves of the unknown soldier.

So why, for example, Kursk, Orel or Rzhev were awarded the title of Cities of Military Glory, and not the highest title of “Hero City”?

But the difference here is that the title of hero city is awarded to a city if the battle for it became decisive or turning point during the battles of the Second World War.

The title of city of military glory is awarded only to cities of the Russian Federation, on the territory of which or in the immediate vicinity of which, during fierce battles, the defenders of the Fatherland showed courage, fortitude and mass heroism.

If we talk about the hero city Leningrad (St. Petersburg), then all citizens of our country know about the terrible 900 days of the siege. This is the greatest feat and heroism of all civilians and military officers and soldiers. When, in conditions of inhuman hunger and cold, people did not surrender to the enemy, but continued to work for the front.

Do many residents of our country know about the heroism of the Red Army troops and the residents of the city of Military Glory Malgobek? After all, the outcome of the entire Patriotic War depended on the outcome of the battles in the South? The responsibility of the operation can only be compared with the responsibility of the defenders of Moscow in 1941.

The Battle of Stalingrad of 1942-1943 forever entered the history of the Second World War, as it became a turning point and after it our troops drove out the Nazis.

Nazi troops stayed in Kursk for over 450 days and nights. But even during the occupation, the people of Kursk waged an active struggle against the Nazi invaders. Residents of the city supported the partisans and helped captured Soviet officers and soldiers escape from fascist captivity.

When in June 1941, fascist Germany unleashed the full power of its blow on our country, and every Soviet city stood in its path as a mighty bastion. There was a heroic struggle literally for every quarter, for every inch of land, which mentally and physically exhausted the enemy. Particularly distinguished cities were subsequently awarded the high title of “Hero City” for the massively demonstrated courage and heroism of their defenders. For the first time, the concept of a city hero was heard in the Order of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of May 1, 1945, so they were named: Leningrad, Sevastopol, Odessa and Stalingrad; this, of course, was not an official conferment of the title, but an emphasis on their important contribution to the final victory and the heroic role of the defenders. Even during the war, participants in the defense of these cities were awarded specially established medals.

In 1965, on the eve of the twentieth anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic War, the title of Hero City of the USSR was awarded to six cities, in addition to those that were already noted in the order of 1945, these were Kiev and Moscow, as well as the Hero Fortress Brest. In 1973, this title was awarded to Novorossiysk and Kerch, in 1974 to Minsk, and in 1976 to Tula. In the year of the fortieth anniversary of the Victory (1985), Smolensk and Murmansk were awarded the title of Hero City.

2.2.Mini-study

Each of the cities awarded the high title of Hero City contributed its own unforgettable page to the fiery history of the Great Patriotic War.

Thus, Moscow, the capital of our Motherland, from the very beginning of the war was the primary target for the implementation of the enemy’s aggressive plans to capture the USSR. To implement them, the German command deployed colossal forces. But their plan was thwarted thanks to the heroic struggle of Soviet troops and civilians. On the way to Moscow, other cities of the country stood in front of the Nazis as a powerful barrier - Smolensk, Tula and Minsk, which found itself at the very epicenter of the battles of 1941. Tula offered fierce resistance with a small number of defenders. Smolensk heroically withstood numerous enemy attacks and occupation, although even here the Nazis outnumbered our troops in numbers and combat equipment.

In September 1941, the enemy managed to take Leningrad into a tight ring, as a result of which a grueling 900-day blockade began, which led to mass deaths from hunger and cold. But, despite this, the residents of Leningrad heroically survived, directing all their strength to fight the invaders.

Odessa, completely surrounded by enemy troops in 1941, fought courageously against an enemy that was five times stronger than it. The importance of the defense of Sevastopol lay in its status as the country's main naval base and the largest port on the Black Sea. The city survived three large-scale enemy attacks and occupation; its defenders were able to inflict serious damage on German troops and thwart their plans on the southern flank of the front.

Volgograd (Stalingrad) stood in the way of the Nazis, who sought to cut off the fertile and resource-rich southern regions of the country with a throw to the Volga. The Battle of Stalingrad went down in history as the largest and greatest battle of the Great Patriotic War. It lasted 200 days and nights, as a result of which the enemy lost 1.5 million people and was forced to turn back.

The Brest Fortress was distinguished by its special heroism, which, with the courage of its defenders, stopped the enemy for a whole month in his plans to advance deeper into the country. The Germans were confident that they would capture it in just a few hours, due to a sudden attack on the garrison.

According to the regulations of May 8, 1965, the Hero City was awarded the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal, which were allowed to be placed on the flag and coat of arms of the city. Also in these cities, a memorial obelisk was erected with the text of the award Decree and the image of the Golden Star.

In the Cities of Heroes, special memorials have been created dedicated to the defenders of the city. Of particular note is the Mamayev Kurgan memorial complex in Volgograd, located in the place where the most fierce battles took place. In Brest, the fortress itself became a memorial, which, for the edification of descendants, was partially left in ruins since the war. In St. Petersburg (Leningrad) - in addition to the memorial complex in the city center, on the lines of the all-round defense they created the “Green Belt of Glory” memorial on the spot where enemy troops were stopped in 1941.

In Minsk, one of the symbols of military valor is the majestic “Mound of Glory” on the site of the so-called “Minsk Cauldron”, where more than 100 thousand German soldiers were encircled.

In Moscow, in honor of the victory in the Great Patriotic War, the “Victory Memorial” was erected on Poklonnaya Hill. This is one of the main attractions of the hero’s city.

2.3.Questionnaire

And in order to understand how familiar the school students are with the history of our country, we jointly developed a questionnaire with questions about cities of heroes and cities of military glory. And we conducted a survey with our classmates.

And this is what we learned: out of 26 respondents, 2 people do not know that Moscow is a hero city. 13 do not know what cities the heroes are, except Moscow. 10 people have not been on excursions to other heroic cities. 23 people are not familiar with the heroic history of cities. Not to mention dates and battles. And what really surprised me is that almost no one watches films about war, although they love them. But 15 people wrote that they were very interested in this topic and wanted to learn more.

3.Conclusion

After reading an article in a local newspaper about a veteran of the Great Patriotic War , Zakharov V.S., we were once again convinced that we carried out this comparative analysis not in order to tell which city deserves the highest award, but which one deserves honor. On the territory of the country, in every area where there was a fight against the invaders, all citizens, young and old showed courage and heroism around the clock. And that means our assumption is correct. A city becomes a hero only when the soldiers become a hero. And in those terrible years of the war, everyone who fought the Nazis without sparing their lives became heroes. Their heroism will forever remain in our memory. After all, as long as we remember and honor what they did for us, their feat lives on and will live forever!

This means that we are not only passionate about computer games, but also interested in history. And we will be worthy citizens, we will treat the heroism of our ancestors with respect, gratitude and honor. After all, thanks to them, we live in a free country.

And for those who are interested in the history of their country, we have developed a quiz game based on hyperlinks. By playing, you can simply, accessiblely, excitingly, and interestingly introduce the students of our school to the information that we managed to learn while working on the project. This game can be used in history lessons, the environment and in extracurricular activities.

Annex 1.

Questionnaire for students.

Is Moscow a hero city? Yes. No. Don't know.

Do you know the names of at least a few hero cities?

Yes. No.

Write if you know:

Have you ever been on an excursion to the hero city? Yes. No.

How many hero cities are there in total? 13 9 16

Do you know why the city was given the title of hero? Yes. No.

Which hero city would you like to visit? List: _____________________________________________________________

Do you think there are cities of military glory! Eat. No. Don't know.

Are you interested in this topic? Yes. No. Don't know.

You love documentaries about war. Yes. No. Never looked.

What feature film(s) about the hero city have you watched? ____________________________________________________________

List of sources used.

German language grades 5-6 and 7, textbook by I. L. Bim

Internet, site http://www.vov.ru,http://ordenrf.ru/geroi-rossii/gorod-geroy-odessa.php

Folder with theoretical material “Work on the project”

“Patriot of the Fatherland”, magazine No. 12, 2007, No. 9, 2009, No. 3, 2010.

Set of leaf publications “Hero Cities” I. Isaev

Dictionary by P. F. Peremechenko, Russian-German and German-Russian.

“In the scorched steppe” Yu. Strekhnin.

Karnaukhova Kristina

Download:

Preview:

Municipal educational institution

"Secondary school No. 11 of the city of Zelenokumsk

Sovetsky District" Stavropol Territory

Hero Cities and Cities of Military Glory.

(research project)

The work was completed by a student

7 "a" class:

Karnaukhova Kristina

Head - Kovalenko O.S.

2015 academic year

1. Introduction

2. Main part

2.2.Mini-study

2.3.Questionnaire

3. Conclusion.

4. Applications 1. Questionnaire for students.

Appendix 2. Hero Cities

1. Introduction.

Relevance:

It turns out that many of us know very little about this topic. Then I started thinking: is it even important to know the heroic history of your country? And why are cities given such titles: some are Hero City, and others are City of Military Glory? This is how the theme “Hero Cities and Cities of Military Glory” was born. Having started work, I put forward the hypothesis that that if heroic people live in cities, then such a city can bear the high title of hero, or city of Military Glory. After allThe city only becomes a hero when the soldier becomes a hero.

Objective of the project : get acquainted with the heroic events of the Great Patriotic War, comparing and analyzing information, find out what are the similarities and differences in the concepts: hero city and city of Military Glory.

While working on the project, I set myself tasks:

Study literature on the topic of the project
Conduct research: “Similarities and differences of concepts”
Prepare a quiz game “Hero Cities and Cities of Military Glory” for classmates, films about hero cities, and a presentation.

Working methods:

Working with literature and Internet resources, collecting materials on the topic; observation and questioning;
Visit to the local history museum
survey of schoolchildren;
comparison of research results;

Expected results:

Scope of applicationthe collected material is multifunctional:

In history and literature lessons;

When preparing class hours (in particular about the Victory Banner);

When preparing holidays, presentations, conferences, round tables, station games, local projects of a civil and patriotic nature;

When preparing excursions for schoolchildren;

Stages of work on the project:

1. Preparatory

Choosing a theme

Defining goals, formulating tasks.

2. Search and research stage

Identification of information sources.

Planning ways to collect and analyze information.

Preparation for research and its planning.

Conducting research. Collection and systematization of materials (facts, results) in accordance with the goals of the work, selection of illustrations.

3. Translation and design stage

Pre-defense of the project (in class)

Finalization of the project taking into account comments and suggestions.

Preparation for public defense of the project:

Determination of the program and scenario of public defense;

4. Final stage

Public defense of the project.

Summing up, constructive analysis of the work performed.

2. Main part.

2.1.Collection and analysis of information on the project topic

As for the cities of military glory, there are much more of them - 33 cities. This:Belgorod, Kursk, Orel, Vladikavkaz, Malgobek, Rzhev, Yelnya, Yelets, Voronezh, Meadows, Polyarny, Rostov-on-Don, Velikiye Luki, Tuapse, Veliky Novgorod, Dmitrov, Vyazma, Kronstadt, Naro-Fominsk, Pskov, Kozelsk, Arkhangelsk, Volokolamsk, Bryansk, Nalchik, Vyborg, Vladivostok,Kalach-on-Don, Tikhvin, Tver, Anapa, Kolpino, Stary Oskol, Taganrog, Lomonosov, Kovrov, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky.

Analyzing the information, I found the followingsimilarities and differences: