This funny Russian language. Interesting poster on the Russian language for elementary school

22 Interesting facts about the Russian language for a wall newspaper

1. Contrary to popular belief, the Russian language does not have one word with three “e”s in a row, but two. And there are as many as 74 words starting with the letter “th” in our language. And the Guinness Book of Records records a word with a length of 35 letters. 20 Interesting and Unexpected Facts You Didn't Know About...
2. Most words with the letter “F” in Russian are borrowed. Pushkin was proud that in “The Tale of Tsar Saltan” there was only one word with the letter “f” - fleet.
3. There are only 74 words in the Russian language that begin with the letter “Y”. But most of us remember only “yod, yogi” and the city “Yoshkar-Ola”.
4. There are words in the Russian language that start with “Y”. These are the names of Russian cities and rivers: Ygyatta, Yllymakh, Ynakhsyt, Ynykchansky, Ytyk-kyyol.
5. The only words in the Russian language with three letters “e” in a row are long-necked (and others with -neck, for example, crooked-, short-) and “snake-eater”.
6. In the Russian language there is a word with a unique prefix for the language - ko-zakoulok.
7. The only word in the Russian language that does not have a root is take out. It is believed that this word contains the so-called zero root, which alternates with the root -im- (take out-im-at). Previously, until about the 17th century, this verb looked like take out, and it had a material root, the same as in remove, embrace, understand (cf. remove, embrace, understand), but later the root -nya- was reinterpreted as the suffix - well- (as in stick, blow).
8. The only one-syllable adjective in the Russian language is “evil”.
9. In the Russian language there are words with prefixes unique to the language and -, - total and total and a- - maybe (obsolete a vos “and vos will not be lucky”), formed from the conjunctions “and” and “a”.
10. The words “bull” and “bee” have the same root. In the works of ancient Russian literature, the word “bee” was written as “bchela”. The alternation of vowels ъ/ы is explained by the origin of both sounds from one Indo-European sound U. If we recall the dialect verb to buchachat, which has the meaning of “roar, hum, buzz” and is etymologically related to the words bee, bug and bull, then it becomes clear what the general meaning of these words
11. Dahl proposed replacing the foreign word “atmosphere” with the Russian “kolozemitsa” or “mirokolitsa”.
12. Until the 14th century in Rus', all indecent words were called “absurd verbs.”
13. In the 1993 Guinness Book of Records, the longest word in the Russian language was named “X-ray electrocardiographic”, in the 2003 edition “excessively considerate”.
14. In the Grammar Dictionary of the Russian Language A.A. Zaliznyak edition 2003, the longest (in letters) common noun lexeme in dictionary form is the adjective “private entrepreneurial”. Consists of 25 letters.
15. The longest verbs are “to re-examine”, “to substantiate” and “to internationalize” (all - 24 letters; word forms -uyuschimi and -hivsya 25 letters each).
16. The longest nouns are “misanthropy” and “excellency” (24 letters each; word forms -ami - 26 letters each, however, “misanthropy” is practically not used in the plural).
17. The longest animate nouns are “eleventh-grader” and “clerk” (21 letters each, word forms -ami - 23 letters each).
18. The longest adverb recorded by the dictionary is “unsatisfactory” (19 letters). However, it is necessary to take into account that the overwhelming majority of qualitative adjectives in -y / -iy form adverbs in -o / -e, which are not always recorded in the dictionary.
19. The longest interjection included in the Grammar Dictionary is “physical education-hello” (15 or 14 letters depending on the status of the hyphen).
20. The word "accordingly" is the longest preposition and the longest conjunction at the same time. It consists of 14 letters. The longest particle “exclusively” is a letter shorter.
21. In Russian there are so-called insufficient verbs. Sometimes a verb does not have any form, and this is due to the laws of euphony. For example: “win”. He will win, you will win, I... will win? Shall I run? will I win? Philologists suggest using the replacement constructions “I will win” or “I will become a winner.” Since there is no first person singular form, the verb is insufficient.
22. To successfully master the difficult phrase “I love you,” the British use the mnemonic “Yellow-blue bus”

Word

The tombs, mummies and bones are silent, -

Only the word is given life;

From ancient darkness, at the world graveyard

Only the Letters sound.

And we have no other property!

Know how to take care

At least to the best of my ability in days of anger and suffering

Our immortal gift is speech.

Ivan Alekseevich Bunin

From the history of the Russian language

For a long time, a special linguistic situation existed in Rus', where the book language was Church Slavonic (Old Church Slavonic), and the spoken language was East Slavic dialects.

The brilliant Russian scientist Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov in the 18th century created the “Russian Grammar”, in which he laid the foundations of the national Russian literary language by merging the book Slavic language with the common people, that is, with living colloquial speech. The great Russian poet Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin fully accomplished what Lomonosov began - he created a powerful Russian literary language worthy of a great people.

The beauty of the language he created is combined with complete naturalness and noble simplicity.

Entertaining section

Restore the proverbs.

1. Seven nannies don’t wave their fists. (Too many cooks spoil the broth)

2. A small fish is better than two new ones. (A small fish is better than a big cockroach)

3. After the fight, the child is missing an eye. (After a fight they don’t wave their fists)

4. An old friend is better than a big cockroach. (An old friend is better than two new ones)

5. Don’t meddle with wolves if you have nothing to do. (Don't meddle with wolves if they prick the calf's tail)

6. Two boots are a pair, but both fell into the water. (Two boots in a pair, both on the left foot)

7. The day until the evening is boring, if the tail is small. (The day until the evening is boring if there is nothing to do)

8. Avoska held on to Neboska, and both on his left leg. (Avoska held on to Neboska, but both fell into the water)

Show your erudition

1. Which month in the fairy tale “The Twelve Months” gave snowdrops to the main character?

b) April; +

2. What does it mean to “knuckle down”?

a) Starve;

b) remember;

c) make you sad;

d) idle. +

3. Fedorka has her own...

a) excuses; +

b) sayings;

c) sayings;

d) nursery rhymes.

4. Do all these words contain a soft separator?

a) Gun; c) Kuzma;

b) links; d) Daria.

5. What is “Lukomorye”?

a) Hand basket;

b) a luxurious feast;

c) a bay by the sea;

d) a slow person.

6. Which word was translated incorrectly?

a) Schoolboy;

b) streams;

c) May;

d) sparrow. +

7. Continue the lines of S. Marshak “A gray wolf in a dense forest met a redhead...”

a) cow;

d) a dog.

8. Continue the proverb “Repetition is the mother...”

a) torment;

c) patience;

d) studies. +

9. What is the name of the Japanese art of folding different paper figures?

a) Ikebana;

b) hanayagi;

c) origami; +

d) tsunami.

10. How many different languages ​​are there on the globe?

a) Over 2500; +

b) over 3500;

c) over 5000;

d) over 10,000.

11. How many alphabets are there in the world?

12. Assemble in order.

a) Our phone is on the phone,

b) I can’t get my phone,

c) I stand on my toes,

d) The phone rings all day.

Answer: a, d, c, b.

13. Turn “grove” into “park” by changing 1 letter in the words.

14. What part of the word is the “a” in the word “did”?

a) Root;

b) prefix;

c) suffix; +

d) ending.

15. Which vowel is not pronounced as two sounds?

16. Which word is not a preposition?

17. What part of speech is the word “around”?

a) Noun;

b) pretext; +

c) adjective;

d) verb.

18. Name the part of speech.

I define objects.

They are very noticeable to me.

I decorate your speech

You need to know me, take care of me.

a) Adjective; +

b) noun;

c) numeral;

d) verb.

19. What questions do nouns in the dative case answer?

Who? What?

b) by whom? how?

c) about whom? about what?

d) to whom? what? +

20. Form a new word

cat (current), body (summer), sleeper (noodles), fabric (thread), square (river), fox (strength), salt (moose), marriage (crab), dream (nose)

21. Which figures are extra and why?

Answer: extra triangles, since antonyms are written in other identical figures, but not in triangles.

Children's haiku poems for 3rd grade students at the "Development" school

What lovely butterflies!

They flutter so beautifully across the sky.

They look like flowers.

(Sveta Nikulina)

Clouds are inspired animals.

Clouds are a miracle of heaven,

Created by nature.

(Oleg Kobylnikov)

Autumn is when they turn yellow

And the leaves fall.

(Ksyusha Mironova)

Nature with its colors

Draws the sky and earth.

Nature is so mischievous.

(Roma Asyutin)

Trees are such interesting plants.

Their branches look like hands,

And they themselves look like people.

(Igor Grinin)

Linguistic crossword puzzle

(Russian proverbs, sayings and popular expressions)

Horizontally:

5. Poverty is not... . (Vice)

6. Meli, ..., your week. (Emelya)

9. If the fox had not arrived in time, he would have... eaten the wolf. (Sheep)

11. Silence - ... agreement. (Sign).

12. Old age is not... . (Joy)

13. Ah... just opened up. (Larchik)

15. Bad luck - ... . (Start)

16. New... cleanly sweeps. (Broom)

18. Not everything is Maslenitsa for the cat, sometimes there is a great one.... (Lent)

19. I heard..., but he doesn’t know where he is. (Ringing)

21. ... sees the fisherman from afar. (Fisherman)

24. We make noise, ..., we make noise. (Brother)

25. Close... but you won’t bite. (Elbow)

26. Not dear..., dear is love. (Present)

28. There are no comrades for... and for color. (Taste)

30. It will grind, ... it will. (Flour)

31. ... not my novel. (Ggroy)

32. Take care... from a young age. (Honor)

Vertically:

1. ... more expensive than money. (Persuasion)

2. I found a braid on... . (Stone)

3. Mow... while there is dew. (Scythe)

4. Whoever remembers the old will... get out. (G;groove)

7. At the catcher and... runs. (Beast)

8. Alien... will soon become boring. (Kalach)

10. Alone in the field does not... . (Warrior)

14. Don’t spit in..., you’ll need to drink some water. (Well)

15. ... on the table, and the salt is on the back. (Insufficient salting)

16. The dog barks - ... carries. (Wind.

17. Be patient, ...., you will be an ataman. (Cossack)

20. On the thief... it's burning. (A cap)

22. A person is a friend, comrade and... to another. (Brother)

23. The road... to lunch. (Spoon)

26. The woman had no troubles, so she bought.... (Pig)

27. Look in... . (Root)

29. ... not without good people. (Light)

30. The child does not cry, ... does not understand. (Mother)

Russian is one of the ten most popular languages ​​and is a working language at the UN. Foreigners complain that it is difficult to study, but they still learn, cram, and read literature. Language is not a thing frozen in time and space; it changes under the influence of life, has its own past and future. Well, over the centuries of the existence of the Russian language, many very interesting facts have accumulated.

1. A word that has lost its root.

In the Russian language there is only one word without a root. This word “take out” has undergone a transformation over the centuries, during which it has lost its root. As early as the early seventeenth century it was pronounced as "take out" and had a material root "nya". Nowadays it can be found in the words “remove”, “hug”. As the rules of the language developed, they changed the root to the suffix “well.” As a result, the word “take out” remained with one suffix.

2. Borrowed word "hooligan".

This is how you need to live your life so that centuries later your name becomes a household name all over the world and even enters the lexicon of a distant country? According to one version, the word “hooligan” became international at the very beginning of the twentieth century and then entered the Russian language. In 1922, the word was enshrined in law with an article of the Criminal Code on hooliganism. It all started either at the end of the eighteenth or at the very beginning of the nineteenth century. Near London lived a wild Irish family led by Patrick Hooligan, that was his last name. The family terrorized even the capital's residents; its representatives organized drinking parties and public brawls. The surname of the family first became entrenched in a negative quality in English speech, and then migrated to the international level.

3. An interesting fact in the Guinness Book of Records.

And there is such a thing: employees of the Guinness Book of Records opened Russian spelling dictionaries and found the longest, in their opinion, Russian word. As a result, in 2003, the record holder was the thirty-five-letter word “overly considerate.” It was found in the work of the writer Nikolai Leskov, namely in the story “Hare Remiz”. The previous record belonged to the term “X-ray electrocardiographic”; thirty-three letters were counted in it and added to the list in 1993. And this despite the fact that in our language there is a name for a chemical ingredient consisting of fifty-five letters.

4. Ridiculous verbs.

“What a beauty! Lepota! - says Ivan Vasilyevich, admiring twentieth-century Moscow from the balcony. The word "beauty" meant both "beauty" and "splendor", and, accordingly, had the antonym "ridiculous". Philologists claim that in the language, according to one version, before the seventeenth, according to another, even before the nineteenth century, the concept of “absurd verbs” existed. At first glance it seems that these are some strange verbs, but in fact all the words were meant. And nouns, and adjectives, and verbs, and other derivatives that had an obscene connotation. That is, all swear words were bashfully called “ridiculous verbs.”

5. It’s an honor to be a woman!

In the modern interpretation of the Russian language, the word “baba” has acquired a negative connotation, turning into jargon. Although in ancient times it was an honorary title for a respected woman-mother. They said about the woman who gave birth that she “got crazy” - she became the baby’s mother, that is, a “woman.” And when this woman’s children had children of their own, she moved to a new level, becoming a “grandmother.” The syllable “ba” meant “life” and “gate of life”; the names of mother and grandmother meant the successors of the family.

6. Foreign letter.

Scientists consider the letter “f” to be borrowed from other languages, and immediately with words. Such a sound was not found in Slavic words. Pushkin himself rarely used the letter; in some fairy tales you can only find the word “fleet”. At the beginning of the eighteenth century, the Russian alphabet included this foreign beech and its analogue, fita. Peter I, carrying out language reforms, abolished the letter “f”, leaving only fita. After the revolution, the alphabet was changed again and here they did the opposite: they removed the fita, replacing it with the letter “f”.

7. Amazing sign.

Mikhail Lomonosov used this “term” to call the exclamation mark we are used to. The scientist left a description of it in his work “Russian Grammar”; there are also basic rules for using punctuation marks. The exclamation mark has a very respectable age; Meletiy Smotritsky wrote about it at the beginning of the seventeenth century; in a grammar dating back to the eighteenth century, the use of the mark was explained by the teacher Vasily Adodurov. In the Church Slavonic language and in ancient Slavic texts it was called “amazing”.

8. The youngest letter.

The need to somehow display the formed sound in writing appeared at the beginning of the eighteenth century. At first they tried to introduce the cumbersome “IO” design, but it didn’t take root. In the fall of 1783, Princess Dashkova invited learned men to write the word “Christmas tree.” The result of the experiment was the recognition of the need for the letter and “е” and its official implementation on November 18, 1783. Derzhavin began to introduce the letter, and the historian Karamzin made it popular.

9. “Shameful” euphemisms.

There are a lot of “indecent” and “taboo” words in the Russian language; it’s not customary to pronounce them in polite society, but there’s no way around it. So people have been coming up with, or borrowing from other languages, more decent options for centuries. A striking example in the Russian language was the centuries-old chain of designations for latrines. Initially it was a “outhouse”. The eighteenth century brought Russia a passion for the French language, therefore, everyone began to visit the “toilet” (the courtiers, regarding a sensitive topic, said: “I need to go out” - the word “go out” is translated as “toilet”). At one time, the expressions “retired” and “latrina” were used, later the more familiar “restroom” and “toilet” appeared. In the modern world, we rely on signs with the inscriptions “WC”, “00”, “M” or “F”.

10. Roomy sign.

Another gift from Mikhail Lomonosov from his book “Russian Grammar”, we know this punctuation mark as parentheses. Lomonosov praised parentheses, believing that they could accommodate a brief thought without requiring the writing of a huge text. Brackets came into the Russian language long before the birth of the great scientist. Mention of them can be found in the book of Meletius Smotritsky.

What else to see:

Russian language in 18 minutes.

As the classics said, “The Great and Mighty Russian Language.” Why is he so “powerful” and why is he “great”? You can give a bunch of arguments for the most extensive possibilities and the largest database of synonyms. How many analogues can you think of for the word “beautiful”? Without delving into the wilds and dictionaries, there are about 20, while in other dialects there are at most 5-7. You can give examples of subtlety and Slavic humor. They don’t even know such a thing as “sarcasm” in other languages. You can also condemn and reject Russian swearing, but changing its role in our lives is very difficult. The same word, pronounced with different intonation, can mean completely dissimilar concepts; placing emphasis in a sentence can radically change the meaning of the phrase. And many terms over the last couple of centuries have radically changed their meaning, thanks to the mixing of adverbs, jargons and the popularization of foreign terms.

In the Russian Federation and about a dozen other countries, Russian is the official state language, and around the world it is spoken to varying degrees by over 250 million people. This is from official data, but in fact, almost every second person on earth knows at least a couple of expressions in Russian, and every tenth person can even connect words into simple sentences.

The origin of the Old Russian language and its history

When it comes to the origin of the Russian language, scientists disagree; some say that the origins were Sanskrit, others call the Proto-Slavic dialect of the Indo-European group. There are practically no reliable sources left, only guesses and assumptions. According to its structure and general lexical features, it belongs to the East Slavic subgroup of the Slavic group from the general branch of Indo-European languages.

The first mentions of Slavic letters date back to the year of the appearance of writing, which was brought into our lives by the famous Cyril and Methodius, namely 863. Thus, the Old Church Slavonic language appeared specifically for the purpose of translating church books and writings. It was originally bookish and had little in common with the modern one, but its appearance gave rise to the development of literature and culture of our country. Church books gradually spread among the population and literary works began to appear on their basis. The first books were: “The Tale of Boris and Gleb” from the beginning of the 11th century, “The Tale of Bygone Years”, dated 1113, “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign” 1185-1188 and many others.

And already by the 16th century, the first rules of writing and pronunciation, the so-called grammatical normalization of the language, appeared in Moscow, and it was recognized as national in the territory of the Muscovite kingdom. Over the next few centuries, it was modified, supplemented, absorbing words and concepts from other countries and dialects, taking on new forms and changing like a living organism in order to reach us in its “majesty” and “power”

Scientific facts about the Russian language

In addition to the proud statements of the Russian-speaking part of the globe about his power, there are indisputable facts confirmed by the Guinness Book of Records and other sources. Let's consider the main ones:

5th place in prevalence among the world population speaks of the wide geography of Russian communities in other countries and the popularity of the language among foreigners.

• Our language has generic forms of verbs that others do not have. For example, “he went”, “she went”.
• At school they study 6 main cases of nouns, but in fact there are 10 of them.
• Almost any word in speech can be replaced with a synonym without much loss of meaning.
• All the words starting with the letter “F” that are used everywhere today came to us from other countries.
• Foreigners cannot understand the difference between the pronunciation of words with and without “ъ”. For them, the words “entrance” and “entrance” sound exactly the same. This is due to the peculiarities of the development of the hearing and speech apparatus during the period of socialization.
• “Obscene Russian” is not a figure of speech, but a special dialect in which you can explain a problem to a person and talk. As paradoxical as it may sound, no other language in the world has so many abusive and meaningful words.

• Although the Japanese language is difficult to write, in colloquial speech it comes in second place after Russian; too much depends on the intonation and placement of words in a sentence.
• Slavic and Russian literature is recognized as the most beautiful, the poems sound melodic and harmonious. It is believed that the poets of our country could not become famous in the world if their original works were sounded in other languages.
• Due to the unpronounceability of some sounds, learning is a lot of difficulty for the Japanese, Chinese, Turks and most blacks. Japanese, for example, does not have an "r" sound, so they are physically unable to pronounce it. Because of this, they cannot hear the difference between the letters "r" and "l".

If you carefully study the history of the Russian language and its features, then much more such facts can be cited. Linguists and scientists constantly find interesting relationships between different words and concepts. Fun facts about the peculiarities of spoken language and mentality add up to stories and anecdotes told around the world.

Having undergone significant changes and infusions, the Russian language has reached us in the modern world, and we can observe its metamorphoses every 5-10 years. This is due to the development of electronics and computerization of the whole world, changes in worldviews and beliefs, and new trends in political or social reforms. Just 10 years ago, a copywriter was a writer, and bloggers and YouTubers were just taking their first steps in this field. At that time, gender reforms had not yet been carried out in many European countries, and disagreements and new developments in speech and concepts had not yet appeared. And social networks like Instagram did not exist. The speech of the modern generation directly depends on changes in the image, pace and rhythm of life in cities, and an increase in the quantity and volume of information received.

Phonetics and spelling

According to phonetic features, the Russian language belongs to the consonantal type, which means the predominance of consonant phonemes over vowels by approximately 37 to 5. Depending on the combination, consonant letters are pronounced differently. The graphic system is quite rational; the alphabet has 33 letters, and the unit of writing or reading is a syllable or letter combination. Spelling has features of a phonemic type, that is, regardless of pronunciation, the spelling will be dictionary. As for grammar, the Russian language is classified as an inflectional, or synthetic, type. This means that the grammatical load goes mainly to endings. All nouns are declined according to the main cases and differ greatly in the “animate/inanimate” attribute.

The vocabulary of our everyday speech is full of synonyms, homonyms, antonyms, paronyms and other options for the relationship of words in a sentence with each other. In addition, all concepts are conventionally divided into original and borrowed, which significantly increases the number of errors in their writing and use.

Many phrases disappear over time from everyday speech (historicisms) or are replaced by concepts from another language or dialectical variants (archaisms). Thus, the overall picture and sound take on completely different shapes.

The sound of the Russian language allows us to call it very melodic. The peculiarities of songs and vocal art require a certain arrangement of words and sounds to create harmony. Russian, English and French are recognized as the most “convenient” languages ​​for writing songs.

Funny Idioms and Spoonerisms

Any language is full of various jokes and idioms that are fully understandable only to native speakers. Russian is no exception, where jokes and jokes are an integral part of folklore and everyday communication. There is no such number of humorous programs and movements in any country in the world: KVN, Stand-Up, performances by comedians, comedy shows, comedies and much more. Many jokes and anecdotes are associated with the peculiarities of the mentality of Russian people and attempts to explain them to foreigners. A change in intonation, the addition of one letter, a rearrangement of words - and the text changes its original meaning radically. And adding obscene subtext is the basis for 90% of jokes in Russian.

Just as the composition of everyday words and phrases changes over the years and lifestyle, so humor is filled with new colors, absorbing the features of life, political and historical events, art and music.

Idioms, or untranslatable expressions, are inherent in any language in the world. Among the popular set expressions that cannot be explained to a foreigner, fully conveying its meaning:

• “You can’t get around to looking.”
• “It’s written on water with a pitchfork.”
• “Knock out wedge with wedge.”
• “Pour from empty to empty.”
• “Like hell from incense” and many others.

The same applies to Russian verbs, which have completely different meanings depending on the context. For example, the verb “sit”, familiar to the Russian ear. How to translate the phrases “a bird is sitting”, “a prisoner is sitting”, “a thought is sitting in the head” - the verb is the same, but the meaning is completely different in each phrase. You can also give an example of the verb “goes”: when a person goes to work, everything is clear. And when it rains or a movie is on? Or is it your second year of study? There are a huge number of such examples. This is why many visitors fall in love with the country and the language, absorb the strangeness of the mentality and try to understand the Russian language, because learning it is not enough.

Spoonerisms are another trend in the humorous folklore of all languages ​​of the world, when words are partially changed by syllables and receive a completely new meaning at the end:

• “Visitors are not woken” from the original phrase “winners are not judged”;
• “armored temkin diarrhea”;
• the famous "carriage dear dear"
• “braided tongue” and many others.

Most often they are born as a result of reservations, as was the case at the dawn of the term. Its founder is considered to be the English teacher W.A. Spooner, who often got confused in his words and gave out absolutely amazing phrases.

As a conclusion

Only a native speaker can fully understand the meaning of many expressions and explain them; even if a person has lived in the country for many years, he still cannot understand individual words. The words “anadys”, “the other day”, “hangover”, “oblivion” and many others simply have no analogues among most languages. And attempts to explain them to a foreigner will most likely lead to nothing.

The richness of the Russian language lies not only in idioms and untranslatable figures of speech, but also in the variety of emotionally charged adjectives, interjections, and adverbs. In the difference in intonation when pronouncing a phrase (the famous “execution cannot be pardoned”), in the breadth of the Russian soul and the desire to characterize everything around in an ornate way. Synonyms for the word “man”: “muzhchinka”, “peasant”, “man” and others often have nothing in common with the original version and strongly depend on the context and intonation.

The Russian language is truly rich both literary and emotional. It provides an opportunity for self-expression through literature and art, writing books and poetry. And its development and filling with borrowed words allows you to expand your horizons and opportunities for creativity. And no matter how Russians talk about their country, politics and situation, everyone proudly speaks their own language and gladly emphasizes their belonging to Russian speakers both at home and abroad.

The history of the Russian language goes back thousands of years. And it is not at all surprising that previously many words to which we have long been accustomed were translated differently or even taken from some other languages. But today people are only surprised at what interesting facts there are about the Russian language.

Words starting with the letter “Y” exist!

A small but interesting fact that definitely deserves the attention of a Russian person. The fact that there are no words starting with the letter “Y” is a stereotype. They exist, although in small quantities. These are geographical names, such as Ynykchan (village), Ygyatta (river), Yllymakh (village), Ynakhsyt (village) and Ytyk-kyyol (this is the name of the administrative center of the Tattinsky ulus of Yakutia). It is interesting that all these geographical objects are located in Yakutia.

Considering unusual facts about the Russian language, I would like to note that the only word (from the multi-billion dollar list) that does not have a root is the verb “take out”. And only three nouns starting with the letter “a”. These are “az”, “maybe” and “alphabet”. But we are talking about original Russian words - the rest of the nouns are borrowed from foreign languages.

Common words and their origins

Speaking about interesting facts about the Russian language, it should be noted that the well-known word “negligence” did not originate from “robe”. In fact, it comes from a word like “khalad”. That is cold. Thus, if a person talks about something, he means that his opponent is very cool towards any matter. And the word “doctor” comes from the verb “to lie.” However, this did not mean a lie in those days. This verb was translated as “to know, to speak” in the modern sense. But “friend” is a word that comes from the definition of “another, stranger.” Today, on the contrary, people call this only the people closest to them, who have literally become family. By the way, in almost all Slavic languages ​​“friend” sounds almost the same. In Czech and Slovak it is druh, in Polish it is drug, even in Lithuanian it is draũgas.

Longest words

Perhaps, if we talk about the most that exist, the German language will come to mind first. Indeed, a person who does not know its specifics, looking at some text, may be horrified by the length of some nouns or verbs. However, interesting facts about the Russian language say that we also have very large words. The names of chemical elements can be simply endless. One of the longest such words is “methylpropenylenedihydroxycinnamenylacrylic” (used in combination with the noun “acid”). Well, from a theoretical point of view, the length of a Russian word can be limitless. Take, for example, “great-grandmother”. After all, if you look at your family tree, then there can be a lot of prefixes “great-.” Considering this topic, I would like to note the word that was registered by the Guinness Book of Records. And that's the 35-letter definition of "overly deliberative."

Paronyms and homonyms: hell for a foreigner

Most people whose native language is Russian get confused in the use of paronymous words, which can be said about foreigners, for whom they become a real hell. Addressee and addressee, for example. Almost identical in sound and spelling, but they are absolute antonyms. The addressee is the one who receives the parcel or message, but the addressee is the organization or person sending the notification or parcel. Similar cases include the words “ignorant” and “ignoramus”. The last term defines, but the first - the ignorant, uneducated.

What about homonyms? The most popular example is a lock: for keys or as an architectural creation. The word “glass” can mean a liquid that leaks or something that is inserted into a window frame. What if entire sentences are homonyms? This is where everyone gets confused, because sometimes they can be identified by their writing (if you couldn’t catch the meaning): “We’re on friendly terms!” - "We are married"; “Awkward things” - “I’m carrying different things,” etc. The listed examples are also called homophones. Simply put, phonetic ambiguity.

Quotes from the greats

Many world-famous figures of past years and centuries loved and respected the Russian language, treating it with all respect. Some have studied it specifically and continue to master it in order to write scientific papers, defend presentations and teach. For example, Geoffrey Hosking, a famous British historian who is a specialist in Russian literature. Or Morier Abhay (Russianist from India), Oliver Bullough (British journalist of our time) and many other figures. And one cannot help but quote the great words about the Russian language, the author of which is Turgenev: “O great, mighty, truthful and free Russian language.” And, I must say, one can only be surprised at this love of Ivan Sergeevich. He was sure that a person’s true love for his homeland is impossible without love for his own language. And the great writer was right.

An insult or an old term?

Interesting facts about the Russian language tell us how the word “nonsense” came into use. It has a very interesting history, which dates back to the end of the last century. Such a famous doctor as Gali Mathieu worked in France. He treated his patients with jokes! The doctor became so popular that he even served people by mail, sending them healing puns. This is how the word “nonsense” appeared, on behalf of the great doctor. Then it was interpreted as a healing joke. But now this word is translated completely differently. Nonsense, nonsense, stupidity, nonsense - these are the synonyms people choose as soon as they hear “nonsense”.

The richness of the Russian language is in synonyms

What facts about the Russian language are known to every person? Perhaps one of these is the statement that we have the most synonym-rich language. And indeed it is. If you ask any Russian person to choose synonyms for a word, he will, without hesitation, immediately name at least five. Beautiful - attractive, stunning, luxurious, charming, enchanting... The lists of synonyms for words in the Russian language can be selected endlessly.

What else interesting things should you know about the Russian language? Perhaps synonymous phrases. Take, for example, not the most pleasant word - “die”. It is one of the richest synonyms! What can they replace it with: “give your soul to God”, “leave our mortal world”, “go to the next world”, “play in the box”, “give oak”, “stretch your legs”, “repose”. The expressions are completely different in emotional coloring and sound, but they mean the same thing. And if in the case of ordinary synonyms in foreign languages ​​it is possible to select a translation, then it is unlikely that the same Englishmen can say “he stretched out his legs” in relation to the deceased.

Obscene expression or church term?

Unusual facts about the Russian language can tell you a lot of interesting things. Many will be surprised, but there is nothing wrong with a word like “dick”. This is exactly what one of the letters was called in the Slavic church alphabet, designated “x” in writing. Crossing out in the shape of a cross was also called by this word. And if they crossed out any place in the text, then this process was called the term “throw away”. The word has passed through the centuries, and today it means something completely different. By the way, another interesting point is that the expression “suffering from bullshit” in Russian is translated as “suffering from a hernia.” This is because “hernia” is “hernia” (from Latin). Doctors made this diagnosis for those young men who were the children of wealthy townspeople and did not want to join the army. So at the end of the century before last, every fifth Russian conscript “suffered from bullshit.” These are very interesting facts about the Russian language, after learning which you can change your attitude towards some words and teach others literacy.

Modern Russian language

Interesting facts about the Russian language are an interesting topic, but a few words must be said about a very global problem of our time. For the sake of fairness, it should be noted that today, unfortunately, not all native speakers of the Russian language can correctly use certain words in their speech. They insert terms into sentences whose true meaning they do not know, place stress incorrectly, “swallow” letters or pronounce them unclearly. And some should think about this, since excessive (and, most importantly, massive) abuse of such illiteracy can lead to the degradation of the Russian language itself. And this will be a truly global problem.